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1
Böhm, Maraget. "Acid deposition in the Eastern Transvaal Highveld". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22012.
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The Transvaal Highveld has one of the largest potentials for air pollution in South Africa. The area around Witbank and Middleburg in the eastern Transvaal Highveld, is highly industrialized with several coal-fired power stations, burning coal dumps and heavy industries. The pollution levels in this area have been the centre of much dispute in recent years, and yet little emphasis has been placed on the severity of atmospheric deposition despite the fact that acid deposition is a major world-wide environmental concern. This study focusses on the chemistry and severity of atmospheric depositions to the south and south-east of the Witbank-Middleburg Power and Industrial Complex. Bulk depositions were sampled at seven sites during the year August 1982 to August 1983 and rain samples covered five sites for four of the six months of the 1983/84 rainy season.
2
Bowen, Teral Barbara. "The geochemical stratigraphy of the volcanic rocks of the Witwatersrand triad in the Klerksdorp area, Transvaal". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004932.
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This study lias initiated with the aim of identifying the existence of any geochemical criteria which may be used to distinguish between the various volcanic formations within the Witwatersrand triad. The Witwatersrand triad comprises three sequences: the Dominion Group at the base, the Witwatersrand Supergroup in the middle, and the Ventersdorp Supergroup at the top. It is underlain by Archaean basement rocks, and covered by rocks of the Transvaal sequence. The Dominion Group consists of the sedimentary Rhenosterspruit quartzite Formation at the base, overlain by a bimodal component of the Syferfontein Porphyry succession of lavas. Basaltic lavas are the major component of the Rhenosterhoek Formation, while the overlying Formation consists primarily of dacitic porphyries. Intercalations of one lava type within the other are common, however, so each formation is not the exclusive domain of only one lava type. The Witwatersrand Supergroup, a predominantly argillaceous and arenaceous sequence, contains two narrow volcanic horizons, one of wbich, the Jeppestown Amygdaloid (now Crown Formation), consisting of tholeiitic andesites, occurs in the study area. The overlying Ventersdorp Supergroup has, at its base, the basaltic Klipriviersberg Group, of which four out of six formations are present in the study area, namely, the Alberton, Orkney, Loraine and Edenville Formations. This group is succeeded unconformably by the PIatberg Group, consisting of the sedimentary Kameel doorns Formation, followed by the (informal) Goedgenoeg, Makwassie Quartz Porphyry and Rietgat Formations. The Goedgenoeg and Rietgat Formations are basaltic, whil e the Mawassie rocks range from basaltic to dacitic, the majority being tholeiitic andesites and andesites . The Pniel sequence at the top of the Ventersdorp Supergroup consists of the sedimentary Bothaville Formation, and the Allarridge Formation, the lavas of which are basaltic with some andesitic tendencies. A well-defined geochemical stratigraphy was found to exist. From the eleven volcanic formations examined, nine distinct geochemical units emerged, as the Loraine and Edenville Formations were found to have the same geochemical characteristics, as did the Goedgenoeg and Rietgat Formations. Despite having undergone law-grade greenschist facies metamorphism, very clear variation patterns with height are displayed by the immobile elements Ti, P, Kb, Zr and Y, and the light rare earth elements La, Ce and Nd. In contrast, much scatter was observed in the variation patterns of Na, K, Mn, Ba and Rb. Three techniques were employed to effect discrimination between formations - orthosonal discrimination, interelement and ratio vs ratio plots, and discriminant analysis. Confidence limits placed on normal probability plots served to isolate outlier samples for further examination by the various discrimination techniques. A successful test of the efficacy of the discrimination techniques was afforded when fourteen samples from an unknown succession were positively identified as representative of the Klipriviersberg Group
3
Foster, Michael Benedict John. "Geological control of aquifer properties of the Chuniespoort Group in the Klip River Valley and Natalspruit Basin, Transvaal". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013338.
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The aquifer of the study area occupies an escarpment and low lying limestone plain, and exhibits a Vaal River type karst. The four dolomitic formations present fall into two distinct aquifer forming types; chert poor units and chert rich units. The chert poor units of the Oaktree and Lyttelton Formations were deposited in a subtidal environment and were probably dolomi tised in a migrating schizohaline environment during basin subsidence and shoreline trangression. The chert rich units of the Monte Christo and Eccles Formations were deposited in the shallow subtidal to supratidal zones and the interbedded chert and dolomites may result from minor cyclical marine trangressions and regressions or be a geochemical response to the periodic flooding of freshwater carbonate and flats and tidal deltas. These fundamental geological differences are reflected in correspondingly different development of karst. Transmissive zones in the chert poor units are generally discrete solution features in massive dolomite, 1 m to 2 m thick. Transmissive zones in the chert rich units comprise thick (up to 60 m) and extremely weathered chert with a high void content resulting from the dissolution of carbonate material. The relative importance of various geological features to the development of the karst was assessed using information from two extensive hydrogeological investigations of the area. From the results it bas been concluded that lithostratigraphy, including the occurrence of palaeokarstic horizons, is the major control of aquifer properties. All other geological features are of lesser importance but may nevertheless be associated with enhanced transmissivi ties in any given unit. Faults and lineaments are the structural features most widely associated with highly transmissive zones. The knowledge gained in this study is applicable elsewhere as the principal hydrogeological characteristics of the study area are common to many of the Chuniespoort Group aquifers in the Pretoria - Witwatersrand - Vereeniging Region.
4
Carruthers, Jane. "Game protection in the Transvaal 1846 to 1926". Thesis, University of Cape Town, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23736.
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5
Kalley, Jacqueline Audrey. "Apartheid in South African libraries : the Transvaal experience /". Lanham (Md.) : Scarecrow press, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40223810g.
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Texte remanié de: Thesis Ph. D.--Information studies--Pietermaritzburg--University of Natal, 1994. Titre de soutenance : The effect of Apartheid on the provision of public, provincial and community library services in South Africa with particular reference to the Transvaal.Bibliogr. p. 217-228. Notes bibliogr. Index.
6
Riganti, Angela. "The geology and geochemistry of the north-western portion of the Usushwana Complex, South-Eastern Transvaal". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005570.
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The 2.9 Ga old Usushwana Complex in the Piet Retief-Amsterdam area (south-eastern Transvaal) represents an exposed segment of a layered intrusion. It has the form of a dyke-like body elongated in a northwesterly direction, and extends to an estimated depth of 3000 -5500 m. Lithologically, the Complex consists of a cumulate succession of mafic rocks capped by granitoids and has intruded along the contact between the basement and the supracrustal sequences of the Kaapvaal Craton. Differentiation of an already contaminated gabbroic magma resulted in an ordered stratigraphic sequence comprising progressively more evolved lithotypes, with at least two imperfect cyclic units developed over a stratigraphic thickness of about 700 metres (Hlelo River Section). Meso- to orthocumulate textured gabbros and quartz gabbros grade upwards into magnetite- and apatite-bearing quartz gabbros, interlayered with discontinuous magnetitite horizons. The gabbros in turn grade into hornblende-rich, granophyric granodiorites. The differentiation process is regarded as having been considerably enhanced by the assimilation of acidic material, derived by partial melting of the felsic country rocks at the roof of the magma chamber. Recrystallisation of these rocks gave rise to the microgranites that locally overlie the granodiorites. Mineralogical, textural and geochemical features indicate a relatively advanced fractionation stage, suggesting that the exposed sequence of the Usushwana Complex in the study area represents the upper portion of the intrusion. No significant mineralised occurrences were identified. However, on the basis of similarities between the Usushwana Complex and other mafic layered intrusions which host significant ore deposits, it is suggested that economic concentrations of base metal(Cu-Ni) sulphides, PGE and chromitites are likely to be developed at lower stratigraphic levels.
7
Frauenstein, Frank. "Geochemie der Karbonate am Übergang vom Archaikum zum Proterozoikum: Pretoria-Postmasburg Group, Südafrika". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=975023241.
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8
Crous, Stephanus Philippus. "The geology, geochemistry and stratigraphic correlations of the farm Rietfontein 70 JS on the south -eastern flank of the Dennilton Dome, Transvaal, South Africa". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005572.
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The study area is located between Loskop Dam and the town of Groblersdal, on the southeastern flank of the Dennilton dome, and is underlain by lithologies of the Pretoria Group, Bushveld Complex mafics and ultramafics and acid lavas that resort under the Rooiberg felsites. Field work comprised of geological mapping, soil-, hard-rock- and stream sediment geochemistry, various geophysical techniques and diamond drilling. The rocktypes that resembles the Rustenburg Layered Suite on the farm Rietfontein 70JS is subdivided into a Mixed Zone, Critical Zone and Main Zone, on grounds of geochemical and certain geophysical attributes. The Mixed Zone that overlies the Bushveld Complex floor-rocks, is furthermore separated into an i) Lower-, ii) Middle- and, iii) Upper Unit. The Lower Unit of the Mixed Zone consists primarily of magnetite-gabbros, iron-rich pegmatites, harzburgites and feldspathic pyroxenites. The Fe-rich constituents of this stratigraphic horizon generates a pronounced magnetic anomaly within the study area. On the basis of; amongst other parameters, Zr/Rb and Sr/Al₂0₃ ratios, the magnetite-gabbros are postulated to conform to lithotypes in the vicinity of magnetite layers 8 to 14 of Upper Zone Subzone B in a normal Bushveld Complex stratigraphical scenario. Similarly, it is argued that the feldspathic pyroxenites and norites that display elevated chromium values are analogues to normal Critical Zone rocktypes of the Rustenburg Layered Snite. A more elaborate and precise stratigraphic correlation for the Critical zone was, however, not possible. It is advocated that a volume imbalance was created by the hot, ascending mafic magmas of the intruding Bushveld Complex, resulting in the updoming of certain prevailing basement features such as the Dennilton Dome. In addition to this ideology, it is proposed that the Mineral Range Fragment is in fact a large xenolith underlain by mafics, after being detached from the Dennilton Dome during the intrusion event. Evidence generated by this study unequivocally indicate that the potential for viable PGE's, Ni, Cu and Au within a Merensky Reef- type configuration or a Plat Reef-type scenario under a relatively thin veneer of acid Bushveld Complex roof-rocks on the eastern flank of the Dennilton Dome, appears feasible.
9
Faure, Kevin. "A stable isotope study of the Kaap Valley Tonalite, Barberton Mountain Land, South Africa". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15849.
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Bibliography: pages 100-109.The Kaap Valley Tonalite (KVT) was a homogenous hornblende+ biotite tonalite that had been subjected to overail propylitic and potassic alteration. Petrographic studies reveal that carbonate alteration and increased proportions of hydrous minerals occur along the KVT and Barberton greenstone belt contact zone, and along major shear zones within the KVT.
10
Dor, de Bernonville Isabelle. "La France et les affaires du Transvaal (1870-1902)". Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040007.
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Après avoir été l'objet de commentaires surabondants, le sud de l’Afrique, a fortiori le Transvaal, n'est plus guère étudié ni connu en France depuis environ 1905. Les français sont restés à l'écart des développements industriels du Transvaal, mais ont acheté massivement des actions minières - achats évalués à 2 milliards de f. Ils ont aussi contribué de façon déterminante au développement de l'exploitation minière par l'envoi d'ingénieurs miniers (environ 70). Nous avons tenté de démêler les réseaux de pouvoir au travers des activités des banques et de deux scandales politico-judiciaires. Nous avons analysé l'impact sur l'opinion française de la guerre anglo-boer (1899-1902). Nous avons élaboré un dictionnaire de 450 noms (français et transvaaliens) et de 70 sociétés. Notre travail est fondé sur des recherches approfondies en France et en Afrique du sudAs a matter of fact, French people had massively invested in the then Transvaal republic, not so much directly than by buying mining shares. This trend had been so strong that - following our recalculations - they might well have spent over 2 billions on the Transvaal at that period. We have studied in the first place Transvaal itself, which had been most forgotten in France since the turn of the turn of the century. We have tried to understand and explain the various influences, those of governments, specialized press and finance. We have privileged study of public opinion, particularly from the Jameson raid (1896) till the end of the war (1902). We have elaborated a biographical dictionary of 400 names of persons having been involved in franco-transvaalian relations, plus 70 firms. For this work, we have been doing extensive research both in France and South Africa (state archives, Kimberley archives and various private papers)
11
Brennan, Michael Brendan. "The genesis of ilmenite-rich heavy mineral deposits in the Bothaville/Delmas area, and an economic analysis of titanium, with particular reference to the Dwarsfontein deposit, Delmas district". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005561.
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A number of ilmenite-rich heavy mineral deposits occur along the northern margin of the intracratonic Karoo basin, and are hosted by the fluvio-deltaic Middle Ecca Group. Coastal reworking of delta front sands within a regressive, microtidal shoreline may be considered as a depositional model for the development of the heavy mineral deposits. An economic analysis of titanium suggests long term positive demand, and sustained high prices for this commodity. An evaluation of the Dwarsfontein ilmenite-rich heavy mineral deposit, using available data, indicates how important it is for deposits of this type to be situated close to an upgrading plant or export harbour.
12
Ben-Shahar, Raphael. "Soils, vegetation and herbivores in the Sabi-Sand Wildtuin, Transvaal, S.A". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.257733.
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13
Kriel, Lize. "'N Vergelyking tussen Colin Rae en Christoph Sonntag se weergawes van die Boer-Hananwa-oorlog van 1894". Pretoria : [S.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10192005-111653.
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14
Van, Jaarsveld Floris Albertus 1922-1995. "Die Ndzundza-Ndebele en die blankes in Transvaal, 1845-1883". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004379.
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In 1969 het Leonard Thompson met reg beweer dat Suid-Afrikaanse historici hulle tot op hede hoofsaaklik besig gehou het met die doen en late van 'n Blanke gemeenskap wat die land sedert 1652 oorheers het. Die Swartman was die "forgotten factor" in die geskiedenis van Suider-Afrika. Waar die Swartman die onderwerp van wetenskaplike studie was, is dit aan argeoloë, linguiste, etnoloë en fisiese en sosiale antropoloë oorgelaat. Tereg het Thompson kort hierna opgemerk: "We need to know much more about the complex process by which African chiefdoms became incorporated in white controlled politics in the late nineteenth century. Only when monographs have been written on several individual cases, shall we be in a position to reach definite conclusions about the process as a whole ". Sedert hierdie uitspraak van Thompson het verskeie historici hulle op die terrein van die "forgotten factor" begewe. Omvangryke publikasies oor onder andere die Zulu, Pedi, Sotho asook die Swazi's het sedertdien die lig gesien, terwyl 'n werk oor die Tswana van Wes-Transvaal pas verskyn het. Hierteenoor het heelwat van die kleiner en minder invloedryke swart groeperinge tot op hede steeds agterweë gebly. Wat Noordoos Transvaal betref - meer spesifiek die gebied tussen die Elandsrivier, die Lebomboberg en die Krokodilrivier wat die Ohrigstadse Volksraad in 1846 van Mswati gekoop het, was daar behalwe die Pedi verskeie ander groepe aanwesig wat almal gedurende die loop van die negentiende eeu onder Blanke gesag gekom het. Hieronder het getel die Ndzundza, die Kopa, Tau, Kwena, Ntwane, Koni, Rôka, Kutswe , Pai en Pulana, waarvan die Ndzundza en Kopa die belangrikste was. Ten spyte van die feit dat daar heelwat argivale bronne oor hierdie groepe bestaan, het geen navorser dit tot op hede nog ontgin nie. Oor die onderwerping van hierdie stamme aan Blanke gesag gedurende die negentiende eeu, is daar weinig bekend. Wat die Ndzundza-geskiedenis betref, geld Thompson se opmerking nog steeds dat historici wetenskaplike studie oor die Swartes tradisioneel aan navorsers uit ander dissiplines oorgelaat het. Dit blyk duidelik uit 'n ontleding van sekondêre materiaal wat oor die Ndzundza bestaan. Verskeie studies van volkekundige aard is oor die verskillende kulturele fasette en pre-koloniale geskiedenis van die Transvaalse Ndebele, waarvan die Ndzundza deel uitmaak, gedoen. In die meeste van hierdie studies word die pre-Blanke geskiedenis van die Ndzundza as inleiding aangebied, terwyl daar in sommige gevalle ook na die historiese tydperk verwys word. Op hierdie wyse is die herkomsgeskiedenis van die Ndzundza met behulp van mondelinge tradisies redelik volledig opgeteken. As gevolg van die feit dat geen argivale bronne geraadpleeg is nie, is die volkekundige werke wat die historiese tydperk betref, deurspek met spekulasies, onjuisthede en valse aannames. Met enkele uitsonderings berus verwysings deur die enkele historici wat die Ndzundza-geskiedenis behandel, veral met betrekking tot die tydperk voor 1882, grootliks op die uitsprake van volkekundiges. Dit het meegebring dat die huidige beeld en feitelikhede omtrent die negentiende eeuse Ndzundza-geskiedenis onjuis is, veral soos dit in algemene geskiedenisse opgeteken staan. Hierteenoor het verskeie historici die Mapoch-oorlog van 1882- 1883, waartydens die Ndzundza hul onafhanklikheid verloor het, behandel. In sy biografie oor genl P. J. Joubert het J. A. Mouton die oorlog tot 'n enkele hoofstuk beperk. Vir Mouton gaan dit egter om Joubert se persoonlike aandeel en gee hy gevolglik nie veel aandag aan die belangrikste aspek van die oorlog, naamlik die oorsake, nie. H. P. van Coller het in 1941 'n MA-verhandeling die lig laat sien waarin die oorsake en verloop van die Mapoch-oorlog beskryf word. Van Coller se uiteensetting omtrent die oorsake van die oorlog is egter ontoereikend aangesien dit heelwat onjuisthede bevat, geweldig subjektief is en nie ontkom aan naïewe aannames en uitsprake nie. Die belangrikste oorsaak van die oorlog, naamlik gronddispute, word deur Van Coller geignoreer. Voorts behandel hy die oorlog as 'n gevolg van die moord op Sekhukhune, sodat die Ndzundza "toevallig" betrek word. Ander historici se verwysings na die oorlog is ook ontoereikend omdat dit in die meeste gevalle beperk bly tot enkele bladsye en paragrawe. Tot op hede is die negentiende eeuse Ndzundza-geskiedenis dus nog of onvolledig, of onjuis opgeteken. Met hierdie studie word gepoog om 'n bydrae in hierdie verband te maak. Omdat die historisiese feite omtrent die verloop van die 1882-1883 oorlog grootliks bekend is, val die klem op die tydperk daarvóór. Voorts moet dit gemeld word dat dit in hierdie studie hoofsaaklik gaan om die faktore wat die verhoudinge tussen die Ndzundza en die Blankes bepaal het, te elimineer. Ander aspekte wat ter sprake kom is onder andere die uitwerking wat die Blanke besetting van Noordoos-Transvaal op die Ndzundza gehad het, gronddispute, arbeidsaangeleenthede, Swazi- en die Pedi-deelname in die Blankes se pogings om die Ndzundza te onderwerp van die asook die uiteindelike vernietiging en verlies onafhanklikheid van die Ndzundza. Die spelwyse van sekere name en benaminge wat in hierdie verhandeling voorkom, het in sommige gevalle probleme opgelewer. Die meerderheid Ndebele name is gespel volgens die voorskrifte van die Suid-Ndebele taalraad. Waar die korrekte moderne spelling van Swartes se name nie vasgestel kon word nie, is dit in aanhalingstekens weergegee soos dit in die dokument voorkom. AIle amptelike benamings soos staatspresident of koloniale sekretaris is in die teks met 'n kleinlettertjie gespel maar in die voetnotas met 'n hoofletter. Die motivering hiervoor is die Afrikaanse gebruik om amptelike benamings binne Westerse staatsverband met 'n hoofletter te spel maar benamings in tradisionele verband soos kaptein, opperhoof of hoofman met 'n kleinlettertjie, wat myns insiens op diskriminasie neerkom. Wat die spel van die woord swart betref: Waar dit as byvoeglike naamwoord gebruik word (bv. swart kindertjies), is deurgaans van kleinletters gebruik gemaak. Hoofletters is gebruik wanneer dit as selfstandige naamwoord gebruik word, bv. Die Swartes. Die terme kaffer en meid is waar moontlik, vermy. Die aangehaalde stukke waarin dit weI voorkom, moet nie as beledigend beskou word nie maar as verteenwoordigend van die terminolgoie van 'n bepaalde tyd in die geskiedenis. Die bedoeling was geensins om enigiemand te na te kom nie. wat ter sprake kom.
15
Clarke, Lee Brian. "The geology of the Kruidfontein Volcanic Complex, Transvaal, S. Africa". Thesis, University of Leicester, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/27558.
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The Proterozoic Kruidfontein Volcanic Complex (KVC) is a collapsed carbonatitic caldera structure, preserved as a high-level feature within Transvaal Sequence sediments. An outer ring of hills contains silicate pyroclastic rocks composed of lithic and pumice fragments, crystals and recrystallized matrix. These rocks are the products of co-ignimbrite lithic breccias and partially welded ignimbrite flows. An inner caldera was filled with recrystallized carbonatitic bedded volcaniclastic rocks. Relic pyroclastic carbonate fragments, such as droplet and armoured lapilli, containing juvenile calcite laths, are present. Well preserved primary structure sequences indicate emplacement by pyroclastic flow, surge and air-fall. Together with some reworking and debris flow deposits. The volcanism spans from early eruption of phonolitic material, from ring vents associated with caldera collapse, to smaller volume carbonatitic eruptions, producing intracaldera deposits. The processes operating during emplacement of carbonatitic pyroclastic material are essentially the same as those of silicate tuffs. As well as numerous fragments of phonolitic pumice in the silicate tuffs, there are unusual banded fragments composed of alternating silicate and carbonate compositions which appear to have been originally magmas separated by liquid immiscibility. The fragments show replacement of Al by Fe, and have also been K-feldspathized. Sovite and alvikite carbonatite dykes show that variation between CaO, MgO and FeO is consistant with fractionation from sovite to Fe-rich alvikites. All the carbonatites are strongly enriched in REE. The alvikites are enriched in the incompatible elements La, Ce, Nd, Y, Th, compared with the sovites, but are depleted in Sr, P, Ti, because of early fractionation of Sr-rich calcite, apatite and Ti-Fe oxides. The alvikites also have more positive δ18O and less negative δl3C compositions compared with the sovites, with values trending away from "mantle" compositions. This interpretation is consistant with a carbonatite magma chamber beneath the KVC which fractionated to produce the carbonatites seen at the present day surface. The few, highly altered, KVC nephelinitic rocks have trace-element distributions suggesting that they are parental to the phonolites. Fractionation from nephelinites, to phonolites, to trachytes satisfactorilly accounts for the incompatible trace element distributions. Some of the rocks have suffered secondary alteration, but have retained their trace element signatures. Zr and Nd are residual, whilst crystal fractionation involving feldspar, magnetite, and apatite have depleted some rocks in P, REE, and Sr. The fractionation from phonolite to trachyte, which is the reverse of normally observed trends, is ascribed to increasingly high F contents in the fractionating KVC magma. Three types of fluorite mineralization are recognised at KVC: 1) Replacement and disseminated deposits, 2) Fluorite veins and fracture fillings, 3) Fluorite-rich carbonatite and related dykes. Only Type 1) deposits are of economic importance at Kruidfontein. Fluorite selectively replaces calcite rather than ankerite in the KVC rocks, with ankeritization preceeding and inhibiting fluorite mineralization. Shallow dipping ankeritic tuffs form the host rock for a large (Tilde with hyphen below 5xl06 tonnes) sub-economic horizontal stratiform fluorite orebody, emplaced after inward sag of the bedding.
16
Teigler, Bernd. "Mineralogy, petrology and geochemistry of the lower and lower critical zones, Northwestern Bushveld Complex". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005590.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
This study of the lower part of the Rustenburg Layered Suite in the Western Bushveld Complex is based mainly on drill core samples from three localities, which are approximately 130 km apart. The NG-sequence, situated in the northwestern sector of the complex (Union Section, R.P.M.) extends from the floor of the complex to the base of the upper Critical Zone. The sequence is ca. 1800 m thick and it comprises mainly ultramafic cumulates, namely pyroxenites, olivine pyroxenites, harzburgites and dunites. Norites and anorthos ites are present only in minor proportion. Within the upper half of the NG-sequence ten prominent chromitite layers are correlated with the LGI MG4-interval. Correlation is also established between published sequences and the two other sequences studied, located 8 km and 55 km, respectively, east of Rustenburg. Whole-rock chemical data (major and trace elements), microprobe and Sr isotope data are presented. Petrographic studies provide modal analyses and measurements of grain size. All petrographic, mineralogical and other geochemical data point to an origin of the cumulates of the NG-sequence by crystallization from liquids of the U-type lineage and derivatives thereof. No evidence is found for the involvement of parental liquids with a distinctly different composition or crystallization order (A-liquids). However, subtle compositional variations of the parental liquids are evident in slight changes of the Cr content in orthopyroxene or in variations of Sr isotope ratio. The NG-sequence is characterized by intervals with reversed fractionation trends caused by repeated influxes of pristine magma (during periods of high magmatic activity) resulting in a high degree of rejuvenation. These intervals are overlain by others with a normal fractionation trend, interpreted as cumulates formed in periods with low or no magmatic activity, in which fractional crystallization controlled bulk composition of the evolving liquid. The Lower Zone in the NG-sequence is dominated by a progressive shift towards more primitive compositions, while in the Critical Zone fractionation was the major operating process in the magma chamber. However, during deposition of the pyroxenitic lower Critical Zone several replenishment events occurred, during which fresh Cr-rich magma was emplaced. Massive chromitite layers were deposited after mixing between the newly emplaced magma and the resident residual liquid shifted bulk compositions into the primary field of chrome-spinel. Cumulus plagioclase crystallized after bulk composition of the residual liquid was driven to the orthopyroxene plagioclase cotectic by continued fractional crystallization; this occurred once in the Lower Zone, yielding a single, thin norite layer, and again in the upper Critical Zone of the NG-sequence. A facies model is proposed based on the stratigraphic and compositional variations along strike in the Western Bushveld Complex. This model explains the variations by means of the position of the sequence with regard to a feeder system. The olivine- and orthopyroxene-rich, but plagioclase-poor NG-sequence represents the proximal facies, while the SF-sequence (poor in ferromagnesian phases, but plagioclase-rich) is developed as a distal facies, close to the Brits graben.
17
Scoon, Roger N. "Discordant bodies of postcumulis, ultramafic rock in the upper critical zone of the Bushveld complex : iron-rich ultramafic pegmatite bodies at Amandelbult and the Driekop platiniferous ultramafic pipe". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004912.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
From the abstract: In the layered sequence of the Bushveld Complex a number of distinct, but possibly genetically related groups of transgressive, postcumulus, ultramafic and mafic rock are recognised. The main part of this thesis investigates a suite of postcumulus rocks for which the name iron-rich ultramafic pegmatite is proposed. The majority of iron-rich ultramafic pegmatite bodies examined are from the upper critical zone of the layered sequence at Rustenburg Platinum Mines Amandelbult Section, in the northern sector of the western Bushveld Complex. Field relationships imply that the iron-rich ultramafic pegmatites should be considered as an integral feature of the layered sequence, even though they transgress the cumulates. Consequently, this thesis also includes a study of the cumulate sequence at Amandelbult. A second group of postcumulus, ultramafic rocks which is investigated comprises latiniferous ultramafic pipes; the Driekop pipe has been selected as a case study. This thesis is presented in four sections, namely, an introduction and verview, and studies on the Driekop pipe, the cumulate sequence at mandelbult and the iron-rich ultramafic pegmatite suite. A new classification scheme of discordant bodies of postcumulus, ultramafic rock in he Bushveld Complex is proposed (see also Viljoen & Scoon, in press). In he scheme presented here, two main varieties of postcumulus, ultramafic rock re recognised, namely, non-platiniferous magnesian dunites and iron-rich ltramafic pegmatites.
18
Field, Matthew. "The petrology and geochemistry of the upper critical zone of the Bushveld complex at the Amandelbult section of Rustenberg Platinum Mines Limited, Northwestern Transvaal, South Africa". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007499.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
A study of petrological and geochemical variations through the upper Critical Zone of the Bushveld Complex at Amandelbult section of R.P,M. was undertaken. The sequence at this locality may be divided into seven "units" two of which appear to be complete, possessing the sequence harzburgite-pyroxenite-norite-anorthosite. The other five Units lack basal, intermediate or upper members. Considerable lateral variations are apparent in this sequence, but these are restricted to the Lower Pseudo Reef-Merensky Reef interval, tne same portion of the succession which is affected by pothole structures. The single most important petrographic feature of genetic significance is the occurrence of annealed, recrystallized anorthosite immediately underlying ulstramafic layers. This, together with the undulatory nature of the contact between the two rock layers, suggests that the ultramafic layer was emplaced as a hot liquid over a pre-existing, crystalline anorthosite floor, and that some remelting of this layer occurred. Variations in the chemical make-up of constituent silicate minerals reveal a number of significant processes which may have been operative in the magma chamber prior to crystallization, Olivine grains, for instance, exhibit extremely wide chemical variations both within single layers and from one layer to the next. These variations are best explained by re-equilibration processes with spinel and base metal sulphides, rather than by wide variations in original liquidus compositions. It appears that the compositions of the initial liquids from which each basal olivine-bearing layer crystallized, were approximately similar. Variations in the iron-magnesium ratio of ortho-pyroxenes indicate well defined continuous fractionation trends in units which are considered to be complete. Magnesian compositions are recorded in ultramfic members, while increasingly iron-enriched values are recorded upwards through the sequence pyroxenite-norite-antorthosite. Plagioclase grains exhibit less well defined fractionation trends, but it is clear that an upward increase in An is encountered through indivitual Units. This is in direct contrast to the trend exhibited by orthopyroxene. A further feature of plagioclase grains is the considerable degree of chemical zonation exhibited by them. In cumulus grains this is commonly manifested as strongly reversed rims, while in intercululus grains normal zoning is ubiquitous. Whole-rock chemical variations through the succession indicate that cyclical variations occur through successive Units, but that these merely reflect changes in modal mineralogy and not liquid fractionation trends. Such trends can be shown for selected element ratios, where these elements are known to partition into a single mineral phase. Rations of pyroxene components such as the nickel/scandium ratio, exhibit a saw tooth pattern through successive Units, while ratios of plagioclase components such as the strontium/alumina ratio have unique, fairly constant values for each individual Unit but different values for successive Units. The latter type of cyclicity is not always strictly confined to lithologically recognized boundaries between Units, and a slight overlap into overlying ultramafic layers is apparent. An investigation of variations in trace element levels in a single layer in five widely separated boreholes revealed that there is some evidence for a lateral fractionation trend from the southwest (more primitive) to the northeast (more evolved), although the small number of data points available preclude definite conclusions. There exists in the data some evidence that the Giant Mottled Anorthosite differs chemically from the other anorthosites in the study section, and that it more closely resembles rocks of the Main Zone. This evidence is particularly apparent in variations of the chromium/aluminium ratio of orthoyroxene grains, and in the An content of plagioclase grains, both of whose trends exhibit distinct inflections at the base of this member. The features of the succession at Amandelbult are best explained by the model of Eales et al. (in press, a), which visualizes the input of a number of pulses of new, hot liquid into a magma chamber containing the fractionated residua of previous influxes. At a critical point in time, just prior to the mafic Merensky Reef input, a large input of gabboic liquid was intruded at high levels in the chamber. The lower portions of this liquid mixed with the residua of earlier mafic inputs, which in turn mixed with new inputs of mafic, typical Critical Zone liquids. Thus the lower portions of the study section represent mixtures of new Critical Zone liquids with the residua of previous such influxes, while the upper portions have the added complication of mixture with a Main Zone-type liquid. The unique chemical character of the Giant Mottled Anorthosite appears to be a direct manifestation of the influence of the Main Zone liquid.KMBT_363
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19
Maier, Wolfgang Derek. "Geochemical and petrological trends in the UG2-Merensky unit interval of the upper critical zone in the Western Bushveld Complex". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005563.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
One of the most remarkable features of the layered sequence of the Bushveld Complex is its lateral consistency in lithology. This work has established a geochemical and lithological correlation along 170 km of strike of the interval between the UG2 chromitite and the Merensky Reef within the Upper Critical zone of the western limb of the Bushveld Complex. The correlation is based on geochemical investigations of 10 borehole intersections and lithological comparisons of more than 20 borehole intersections around the western lobe of the complex. The basic data presented include 123 whole-rock analyses for major and 12 trace elements, 97 analyses for ' 12 trace elements, and ca. 5500 microprobe analyses of all major phases. Patterns of cryptic variation are established. Some layers (the UG2 chromitite and pyroxenite) show considerable consistency with regard to geochemistry and lithology. Others can be traced along most of the investigated strike length, such as the Lone Chrome Seam, the Footwall Marker anorthosite and the immediate anorthosite footwall to the Merensky Unit. Most of the distinguishable members within the study section, however, show great variation along strike (i.e., the Lower and Upper Pseudoreef Markers, the central noritic sequence in the southern arm of the western limb and parts of the immediate Merensky Reef footwall succession). Several models have been evaluated to interpret the geochemical and lithological data. The author comes to the conclusion that the degree of lithological consistency depends on the variability of magmatic parameters within different parts of the chamber. The most important of these parameters are: (i) the size of fresh primitive influxes and consequently the heat flux, (ii) the composition of the residual liquid, and (iii) the frequency of the influxes. Fresh influxes of more or less similar composition thus spread out along the floor if the residual liquid was less dense than the fresh primitive liquid, but intruded the chamber as a plume where plagioclase had crystallized for some time and the residual liquid had become relatively dense. The size of the influx may be regarded as a measure of the amount of heat flux from the feeder into the chamber. A large influx created uniform physicochemical conditions in the chamber whereas a smaller influx created a strong lateral gradient of physicochemical parameters in the chamber, with subsequent differences in viscosity, density, convection currents, yield strength and thus different mixing behaviour of different liquids. Furthermore, a persistent heat flux from the feeder may have delayed crystallization of successive phases in those parts of the chamber proximal to the feeder . Therefore, new influxes would have been deposited on a footwall of varying thickness and lithology in response to different degrees of crystallization and accumulation along strike. The development of a normal cyclic unit (chromititeharzburgite-pyroxenite-norite (+anorthosite?)) may thus have been interrupted at various stages in different parts of the chamber. The ability to correlate anorthosites over great strike distances implies that their formation did not follow entirely random processes but was dependent on specific magmatic conditions which prevailed over laterally extensive portions of the chamber at certain stages during the evolution of the crystallizing liquid.
20
Schutz, Christopher John. "Site relationships for Pinus patula in the Eastern Transvaal escarpment area". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9535.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
The largest area of commercial timber plantations in southern Africa is
situated along the Eastern Transvaal Drakensberg Escarpment north of
Nelspruit. The site requirements of tree species in this area are poorly
understood. The purpose of this study was to examine site-tree relationships
in the region and the implications of such relationships for the science of
forestry. Pinus patula Schiede & Deppe in Schlecht. & Cham. was selected for
the study as it is the most widely planted species in the region.
In Chapter 1 the geology, geomorphology, climate, soils and vegetation of the
study area are described. A geological map was compiled. Soil descriptions
were based on 439 soil pits distributed so as to cover the range of site
conditions in the area.
The regression techniques used to identify key environmental factors and to
model their relationships with tree parameters are described in Chapter 2, in
which site-growth relationships specifically are investigated. In mature
stands of P. patula 159 plots were established in such a way as to cover the
widest variation in both site conditions and tree growth. The relationship
between site index (mean top height at 20 years) and 100 site plus 10 stand
parameters recorded at each plot was modelled by means of best-subsets,
multiple and ridge regression. Several candidate models were compared on the
basis of coefficient of determination and validation using independent data.
The best model predicted the site index of the validation plots within 60 cm
of the measured site index. The possible roles of the site variables
identified by the models are discussed.
In Chapter 3 site-foliar nutrient relationships are described. A close
relationship was found between foliar and soil nutrient levels for the six
major geological substrates. Site index was more accurately predicted from
concentrations of individual foliar nutrients than from ratios of these
nutrients. The Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS),
however, appeared to have greater potential for nutrient diagnosis.
Provisional ORIS norms for P. patula were computed.
In Chapter 4 the excessive accumulation of litter in P. patula stands was
examined. Undecomposed litter layers were greater than 15 cm in thickness on
nearly 25% of the 159 sites studied. Average litter layers contained greater
amounts of nutrients than the underlying topsoil. Due to the colonization of the litter by tree roots, the degree of immobilization of nutrients in litter
is not known. Environmental factors associated with variation in litter
thickness were identified by models which explained up to 73% of the total
variation. These factors are considered to act indirectly by promoting or
retarding decay organisms. The possible implications of litter accumulation
for the maintenance of site productivity are discussed.
In Chapter 5 relationships between site and some wood properties are
described. Although between-tree variation was larger than between-site
variation, some important relationships with site were identified. 10% of all
trees on the 159 plots had severe stem bumps. Most of the variables in a
model to predict the severity of bumps could be interpreted as being
associated with stem stability or exposure. The conclusion was that wind is
probably the major cause of this defect.
The findings of the study are summarized in Chapter 6. Particular attention
is given to a synthesis of the possible roles of site factors in their
relationships with the tree parameters investigated. There were strong
relationships between tree parameters and mainly rainfall, altitude, soil
wetness, exchangeable bases, effective rooting depth, slope position and
geology. The single most deficient nutrient element appeared to be calcium.
The implications for both research and management are outlined.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1990.
21
Van, Zyl Andries Johannes. "Beroepsgerigte onderwys aan spesiale skole in Transvaal / Andries Johannes van Zyl". Thesis, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9504.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Accountable education for mentally handicapped pupils who
receive their tuition at special schools should lead to
self-actualisation. The pupil achieves self-actualisation
through, among other factors, the choice of a sui table
career, as this helps him to become a useful, self-supporting
and competent member of society.
However, the training which a pupil attending a special
school receives, does not provide him with direct access to
training as an apprentice. Pupils often expect that the
practical fields in which they specialised at school will
lead to their obtaining employment in these fields and even
to their being given further training in their chosen fields.
Unfortunately, it is a fact that most of these pupils, on
leaving school, are appointed in professions that have little
or no bearing on their training at school.
In this study an attempt to found a pedagogically viable
vocational training programme for educable mentally retarded
pupils, based on literature studies, is made. The education
of these pupils is studied through the perspectives of their
restrictions, their potential, their expectations, their
needs and their right to vocational training. The interest
which parents have in the education of their mentally
retarded child, the special school's responsibility in
supplying suitable vocational training, as well as the role
that employers should play in this regard, are identified and
studied.
The programme of educational training at special schools in
the Transvaal is analysed in the light of literature studies.
The identification of mentally handicapped pupils, the
curricula for special schools and the syllabuses for the
majority of the subjects are discussed and problem areas are
identified. An empirical investigation confirms the actuality
of the identified problems. Questionnaires sent to all
special schools in the Transvaal and schedules completed by a
number of employers were designed. The findings are
presented and interpreted.
Recommendations aimed at a more vocationally oriented education
system for pupils at special schools are made. Possible
areas for further research are identified.Skripsie (MEd)--PU vir CHO, 1988
22
Manson, Andrew. "The Hurutshe in the Marico district of the Transvaal, 1848-1914". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22400.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Bibliography: pages 284-297.The Hurutshe are a Tswana-speaking chiefdom who lived in the vicinity of the Marico (Madikwe) river on the South African Highveld and emerged as an identifiable community with a distinct political structure about 350 years ago. They enjoyed periods of political and economic dominance in the mid-to late seventeenth century and again in the late eighteenth century. Following the economic and political disruptions attendant upon European commercial activities and the growth of more centralised and powerful African states in South Africa, they were propelled from their homeland in 1822-23. They returned only in 1848 to face the difficulties of Trekker overlordship. After a decade of political and economic pressures the general patterns of precolonial life were restored in their new reserve. A re-integrated Hurutshe social order provided the basis for agricultural innovation and expansion. The encroaching colonial order and the merchant and industrial economy inexorably drew them in to closer relations with these systems, and into direct involvement in the contest between Boer and Britain for control of the South African hinterland. Consequently the nature of reserve life changed as men, women and chiefs extended or took up new occupations and activities which cut across or restructured previous social, political and economic relationships. After the South African War new challenges and opportunities presented themselves as a consequence of the qualitatively different nature of British colonial rule and the increased economic scope afforded to rural African producers. Thus a combination of factors - a favourable environment, a cohesive society and the lack of competitive white agriculture - provided the basis for economic stability and even accumulation among certain categories of Hurutshe producers until well into the twentieth century. Hurutshe society was not untouched however, for subsequent events near the middle of the century were to reveal the depth of social distinctions and antagonisms that undoubtedly had their roots in the earlier years of their history.
23
Robinson, Cynthia A. "The power behind the press : English newspapers in the Transvaal, 1870-1899". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28482.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
The thesis explores the question of whether the Johannesburg English newspapers, and particularly The Johannesburg Star, were manipulated or were independent during the volatile years leading up to the outbreak, of the Second Boer War. Historians and contemporaries alike have argued that the editorial policy of the Star was dictated by either the mining magnates of the Rand or the imperial officials.
This study approaches the question by first surveying the history of English newspapers in the Transvaal. It follows the history of the press from the early diamond boom days in Kimberley in the 1870s, through the Barberton gold rush, and on to the founding and growth of the Johannesburg papers. It is established that the precedent is for editors to run their newspapers with a high degree of independence. A close look at the development of the Star, including its financial structure, indicates that the group that the Star was connected with was the local reform movement. It is shown that the editor installed just prior to the war, W. F. Monypenny, was manipulated by imperial officials and Randlords acting in concert. However, Monypenny's editorship is an exception. The thesis concludes that, for the most part, editors on the Transvaal were independent in their editorial policymaking.
The sources used in this study include more recent studies done by Alan Jeeves, A. P. Cartwright, R. V. Kubicek, Ronald Robinson and John Gallagher, and Andrew Porter among others. It also makes much use of Eric Rosenthal's history of the Argus Company. For primary sources, The Johannesburg Star is heavily consulted as are the accounts of the journalists themselves, especially Francis Dormer and Frederic Hamilton.Arts, Faculty of
History, Department of
Graduate
24
Botha, Salmon Petrus. "Die opleiding van leerlingleiers in primêre skole in Transvaal / Salmon Petrus Botha". Thesis, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9354.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
In Introduction the question Is asked whether the present system of pupil
leadership does promote the training of pupil leaders.
The purpose of the study has been to reflect on pupil leadership from the angle
of the available literature and to Investigate the practice of pupils leadership
in primary schools In the Transvaal by means of a structured questionnaire.
The research was directed at Afrikaans and double-medium primary schools
In the Transvaal. A random sample of 28,6% (145 from 506) schools was
drawn.
The most important conclusions reached from the study of literature and the
empirical investigation are that primary schools in the Transvaal are moving
away from the traditional prefect system, that the different-sized schools have
their own specific kinds of problems In the appointment and training of pupil
leaders, and that there is room for improvement In the process of identification
and training of pupil leaders In primary schools in the Transvaal.
It Is recommended that the identification and training of pupil leaders should
be focused on penetratingly and brought to the notice of the responsible
personnel by means of the orientation and regional courses. Attention will
then have to be given to the various size-categories of schools, so that the
needs of each size-category can be attended to and discussed. Teachers'
Training Colleges and universities responsible for the training of teaching staff
should equip future teachers better to be able to cope effectively with the
development of future leaders.
The last word has not been spoken with regard to the training of pupil leaders.
The training of pupil leaders In the Republic ,of South Africa Is a topic that
warrants serious research attention.Thesis (M.Ed.)--Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 1989
25
Oberholzer, Leon. "'n Doelwitbestuursprogram vir atletiek aan Blanke sekondêre skole in Transvaal / Leon Oberholzer". Thesis, Potchefstroom University for Christian Higher Education, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9503.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
A formal hierarchical structure in schools results in a centralised form
of management. Management by objectives can break a formal hierarchical
structure at a school with the result that members of the staff will participate
more readily.
There is a relationship between play, game and sport, forming a
continuum leading from play to game to sport. This continuum is not only
continuous but it is also mutually inclusive and interwoven.
Education is the most complete equipment of the religious human being
regarding occupational fulfilment. School athletics can be used extracurriculum
to educate children totally. There is a relationship between
instruction and school athletics.
Modalities as basic forms of reality include certain implications regarding
school athletics and its management. These implications reveal certain
values extending from the arithmetical to the credible modalities. Massparticipation
should be the starting point in order to fully utilise the
values of school athletics.
Management by objectives can be defined as a way of management where
management takes place on the basis of objectives formulated by way of
participation and endeavouring to reach these objectives within a set time
limit. Personal objectives of staff must coincide with the organizational
objectives and the testing and evaluation of the results must take place
by means of achievements based on the objectives.
The implementation of certain steps result in a management by objectives
plan for school athletics. If such a plan is put into operation it provides
a school with a unique management by objectives programme for school
athletics.
The problems contained in management by objectives could paramountly
be seated in human behaviour. Through dedication and enthusiasm of the
executive council, especially the principal, these problems might be
bridged. Management by objectives can thus be applied successfully in
schools.Skripsie (MEd)--PU vir CHO, 1988
26
Eriksson, Kenneth Andrew. "A basin analysis of the Transvaal Sequence in the Potchefstroom Synclinorium, Transvaal and Orange Free State". Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/16638.
Texto completo da fonte
27
Jacobsen, Niels Henning Gunther. "A herpetological survey of the Transvaal". Thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/8461.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
This report discusses the taxonomy, distribution and
ecology of the herpetofauna of the Transvaal based on a
survey conducted over the past 10 years.
Seventeen new forms, apart from four new taxa described
during the course of this study, are discussed in the
section on Systematics. The distribution of many species
has been considerably amended. A total of 265 species
and subspecies were recorded from the province.
The biogeography of the herpetofauna is discussed in the
light of past and present climatic events, as determined
by palynological record.
Factors affecting reptile and amphibian distributions are
incorporated in an attempt to elucidate current
distribution patterns.
The conservation status of each species and subspecies is
discussed and a final chapter on threats and conservation
recommendations are incorporated.Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1989.
28
"Die geologie van die Krokodilrivierfragment, Transvaal". Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13109.
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29
Kruger, Petrus Johannes. "'n Verbruikersprofiel van voetslaners in Transvaal". Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/14529.
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30
Myers, R. E. "The geology of the Godwan Basin, Eastern Transvaal". Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11718.
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31
Chernicoff, Carlos Jorge. "Synthesis of the structural geology of the Northern Transvaal". Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10229.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
M.Sc. (Geology)The study area is subdivided into seven tectonic domains, viz. Bandelierkop, Southern Beit Bridge Complex, Alldays, Hestern Transvaal, Soutpansberg, Waterberg and Lebombo domains. The Bandelierkop domain comprises the Southern Marginal Zone of the Limpopo Belt (Bdl) and the northern portion of the Kaapvaal craton (Bd2). Bdl is characterized by the presence of highly disrupted xenoliths of pelitic and mafic supracrustal rocks distributed in a "s ea " of granitic ·material. This contrasts with the much bigger supracrustal xenoliths in Bd2, i.e. the greenstone belt relicts. The granulite facies rocks of Bdl may have been upthrust roughly from south to north along one or more south-dipping thrust faults soling into a gently-dipping to flatlying basal shear zone. Since this model reveals the existence of the Kaapvaal craton partly on edge, the progressively higher grade of regional metamorphism (from greenschist to granulite facies) encountered in the Bandelierkop domain, from south (Bd2) to north (Bdl), could express the transition from upper crust to lower crust as exposed on the present land surface. The structural trends found in Bdl and Bd2 are not strictly confined to either area, and some overlapping exists. The most distinct structural trend in Bdl is a west-northwest fold trend, a northeast fold trend also being recognized in the eastern portion of Bdl. Bd2 exhibits f~ld trends varying from west-northwest to northeast in orientation; in this area there is ample evidence for the later nature of the northwest- to west-northwest oriented folding event. The east-northeast- to northeast folding is con~ dered to represent an event independent of the effect of deformation of the Kudus River shear zone to which this folding was previously thought to be related.The portion of the Central Zone of the Limpopo Belt falling within South African territory comprises the Alldays and Southern Beit Br_idge Compl ex (SBBCd) doma tn s., There exists a marked contrast between the roughly north trending fold trends of the Alldays domain and the east-northeast fold structure of the southernmost part of the Central Zone, the SBBCd. The relatively gentle plunges of the fold structure of the Alldays domain may have accentuated the size of the regional folds in this region. The SBBCd occupies a narrow east-northeast oriented strip extending immediately south of the Alldays domain, where tightly folded gneisses and metasedim~nts are exposed. all strata are strongly aligned in the regionally extensive eastnortheast direction. A contrasting difference between the SBBCd and the surrounding Precambrian terranes is clear, as the former domain conveys a relatively higher strain; this evidence of heterogeneous strain suggests that the SBBCd represents a shear zone. The shearing movement may have been of thrust type, consistent with the thrust model referred to above, and the SBBCd may be regarded as the thrust plane. In'iiew of the steeply-dipping, south-southwest oriented fold axes known to exist along part of the SBBCd (area south of Messina), it would appear that, at least in that area, the thrust movement would have been towards the north-northeast. A late, involved history of deformation followed in the SBBCd, during which one or more episodes of wrench-type movement may have taken place. The Soutpansberg domain is a relatively narrow and long fault zone of Proterozoic to Phanerozoic age that separates 'mobile belt' environment to the north, from 'cratonic' environment to the south. A linked fault system characterized by south-dipping, normal listric faults soling into ? gently-dipping major detachment surface may account for the structural pattern of this domain. The thrust system referred to above, which developed earlier in the geological history of the region along the Limpopo Belt - Kaapvaal craton boundary, may have controlled the late extensional displacement in the Soutpansberg domain. The overall structure of the Waterberg domain would seem to be controlled by the superimposition of northeastand northwest oriented gentle folds and, with the exception of locally intense deformation in the early Waterberg basin, would appear to have developed on a relatively stable portion of crust. The structure of the Lebombo domain is characterized by a north-south striking monocline with gentle east dip. Most of the lineaments inferred from the aeromagnetic survey of the study area originate from dyke intrusions. Faulting, fracturing and shearing are less clearly manifested in the pattern of the aeromagnetic contour maps, instead they are better correlated with the lineaments inferre~ from LANDSAT imagery and from the drainage patterns of the region.
32
Pearson, Joel David. "Witchcraft management in the early twentieth century Transvaal". Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/19614.
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Towards the end of the nineteenth century, colonial governments
across Africa, including South Africa, promulgated laws which aimed to
prohibit the accusation of witchcraft, methods for the detection of witches
and witch trials. However, while administrators saw merely superstition in
witchcraft beliefs, “repugnant to the standards of civilisation”, many
Africans saw an integral element of the social and spiritual order. The
policing of witchcraft beliefs became a thorn in the side of colonial rule. This
article brings to light some of the deeper historical complexities in policing
witchcraft by looking at the application of witchcraft law in the early
twentieth century ‐ a neglected period in witchcraft scholarship. Firstly, it
examines some prominent discursive constructions of the concepts of
“witchcraft” and the “witch doctor” during the early twentieth century, two
terms which feature centrally in colonial witchcraft legislation. It argues
that these terms were shrouded in a great deal of misconception and, at
times, fear. Secondly, it examines instances in which the Transvaal
Witchcraft Ordinance No. 26 of 1904 was applied at the Supreme Court
level, demonstrating that it was employed in a wide variety of instances
which often shared only a tenuous link to poorly defined notions of “the
supernatural”. Nevertheless, diviners seem to have been especially
prejudiced in the implementation of the law. Finally, archival
correspondence derived from Native Affairs Department files dealing with
witchcraft are examined to reveal that the job of policing witchcraft was
rather more uncertain and ad hoc at the grassroots level than official
“civilising” rhetoric may have suggested. While in principle there was no
compromising with beliefs in witchcraft, in practice, such beliefs had to be
carefully managed by local officials, who were given (often uncomfortably)
wide powers of discretion in deciding when and how to employ the force of
the law.
33
Meijer, Engelbert Johan. "Netwerkbeplanning van die riviervloeimeetstasienetwerk in die Oos-Transvaal". Diss., 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17430.
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Text in AfrikaansWater is in 'n relatief droe land soos Suid-Afrika van uiterste belang. Daar is 'n groot behoefte aan inligting oor die potensieel verbruikbare waterbronne. Hierin word voorsien deur 'n netwerk van riviervloeimeetstasies. Met veranderende ekonomiese toestande word die effektiwiteit van die netwerk van al hoe groter belang. Dit is hier waar netwerkbeplanning 'n aktiewe rol begin speel. As gevolg van die groot variasie in die aard van die opvanggebiede in Suid-Afrika, en die feit dat daar 'n bestaande netwerk is, is dit nodig dat netwerkbeplanning stapsgewys benader word. Die Eerste Fase is 'n leerproses. Die verskillende opvanggebiede in die land kan gegroepeer word en die meetstasies kan geklassifiseer word. 'n Netwerkbeplanningsmetode, "Die ideale netwerk", is ontwikkel en word op drie opvanggebiede toegepas. Die belangrikste resultaat is die klassifikasie van al die meetstasies in die drie opvanggebiede.
In a relative dry country like South Africa water is of critical importance. Information on the potential usable water resources is very valuable. This information is supplied by a network of river flow gauging stations. In changing economic times the effectiveness of this network is of increasing importance. Network design plays a major role in insuring this. Network design has to be approached in phases because of the variety in catchment characteristics in South Africa, and the fact that there is an existing network. The First Phase can be regarded as a learning phase, in which all the catchments in the country can be grouped and the stations can be classified. A network design method, · "The ideal network", was developed, and is applied in three catchments. The most important result is the classification of all the existing stations in the three catchments.
Geography
M. Sc. (Geografie)
34
Coetzee, Eugene Marco. "'n Elektroforetiese ondersoek van verskeie reenboogforelbevolkings in Transvaal". Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9331.
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Pienaar, Alphonso Theofilus. "'n Liggingsanalise van blanke openbare skole in Transvaal". Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12914.
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Leurs, Gondanette. "Implikasies van enkele modelle van skoolhoofskap in Transvaal". Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11568.
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M. Ed. (Educational Management)School principals are primarily.concerned with education and the effective management of the school entrusted to them. Every principal is given a task to do when he is appointed to or at a school. How successfully he accomplishes his task, and the support that he receives, is highlighted in this study. The principal is a leader who has to perform a complex number of tasks. He works with both adults and children and as a result the method and style of leadership and management is of great importance. The recognition of the principal as leader in the field of instruction and education within the community is essential for the continued existence of the school. The primary aim of the school is educative teaching ('opvoedende onderwys'). The school is a social system which consists of a hierarchy of people, with the principal as the most important manager, and within the system, smaller groups are found. These smaller groups essentially determine the success of failure of the principal's effective management, and this, by implication, also of the educative teaching within the school. This complex task of the principal becomes more manageable if he is familiar with the interwoven management tasks of planning, organisation, leadership and control. Neglect of one of these will have a detrimental effect on the school. The way in which the management tasks are to be executed should be set out in the school policy. In order to perform the tasks which are laid down by the relevant education authority, effective decision making is essential. A principal who has mastered the technique of good decision making has personal freedom to utilise new opportunities for the benefit of the school.
37
Van, Schalkwyk John Francois. "Metamorphism of ultramafic rocks during the Limpopo orogeny : evidence for the timing and significance of CO2-rich fluids". Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11669.
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Seaman, M. T. "A zooplankton study of Hartbeespoort Dam". Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11141.
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Davies, S. J. "The importance of browse in late dry season and early wet season diets of cattle and goats in a communal area of the Eastern Transvaal lowveld". Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/21651.
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A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Master of Science. Johannesburg, 1991.The contribution of browse and grass to the diets of cattle and goats was assessed in relation to the total biomass of woody foliage and grass available in the study area. Livestock made less use of browse during the dry season than was shown by studies conducted in the Sahel and Nylsvley, northern Transvaal. Goats fed more selectively, utilised newly flushed foliage more and fed upon a greater variety of woody plant species than did cattle. Browse contribute nore to goat diets than to cattle diets although goats were less often supplied with browse. For goats, feeding on standing browse, 'supplied browse and leaf litter occupied 34.7 % of observation time before the tree/shrub flush and 8.3 % post-flush; for cattle the contributions were 14.7 % and 5.8 %, respectively. Fruits, flowers and bark were utilised only during the pre-flush period and only by goats. Goats spent significantly more time grazing and more time browsing than did cattle during the post-flush period. Agave sisalana (sisal) contributed to cattle diets during the preflush and post-flush periods, and to goat diets during the pre-flush period. Since relatively little standing woody foliage is accessible to the animals (16.6 % preflush and 30.7 % post-flush of the wet season maximum), lopping of woody foliage by herders substantially increases the amount of food accessible to livestock, and supplied browse was eaten wherever it was encountered. Aerial cover of grass averaged less than 20 %, grass biomass ,less than 120 kgDM.ha·t and biomass concentration of grass less than 553.5 gDM.m"3 for catena toplands, catena bottomlands and drainage line thickets. The low contribution of browse to livestock diets during this study was due to the scarcity of accessible, palatable forage, exacerbated by the late flush 011 woody plants. In addition, local people harvesting live wood for fuel may compete with foraging livestock. To increase the supply of food for livestock further the rollowing practices could be encouraged: storage of woody foliage litter until the late dry season, use of chemicals to increase the nutritional value of poor quality browse and establishment of woodlots of palatable, perhaps leguminous, evergreen woody species for use as livestock fodder.
GR2017
40
Grobler, Johannes Theodorus Wessels. "Die bestuurstaak van die provinsiale administrasieklerk in die skool". Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9808.
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M.Ed. (Education Management)The subject of this investigation is the management function of the provincial administration clerk in the school. The investigation is limited to schools within the ambit of the Transvaal Education Department and has been aimed, primarily, at determining the responsibilities and position of the administration clerk in the effective functioning of the school. As the administration office forms the nerve-centre of the school's activities and due to its staff consistence of administration clerks, a clear indication of their duties and responsibilities is an essential management function of the school principal. The investigation in regard to the functions of the senior provincial administration clerk demonstrated that the school principal as the management leader, must possess a thorough knowledge of administrative matters. This is essential as he, being the in-service trainer, has to suitably equip the senior provincial administration clerk with the required knowledge and skills in order that she, in tum, can easily perform as management leader of the school's administrative section. In order to keep pace with change and modernisation, the school principal and administration clerks must be prepared to attend in-service training courses. Moreover, they must gain knowledge on their own accord through the reading of circular letters, catalogues, manuals and also keep abreast of technological development such as the modern micro computer, word processor as well as facsimile and duplicating machines. The services of a good administration clerk are indispensable to the school principal as well as the educator. Qualities which the administration clerk must possess include reliability, loyalty, responsibility, willingness to help, tact, courtesy, charm, enterprise and patience. AIthough the educator cannot be relieved of all administrative responsibilities, the school principal must nevertheless reflect seriously about administrative responsibilities that should not really be undertaken by the educator. By entrusting responsibilities such as the processing of marks, compiling of class lists, raising of funds, transport arrangements, controlling of stock, duplicating work...
41
Panagos, Michael David. "A comparative classification of the sourish-mixed bushveld on the farm Roodeplaat (293 JR) using quadrat and point methods". Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/67.
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An area and a point-based technique were used together at each of the same 75 sampling sites (stands), on a Sourish-Mixed Bushveld farm, to collect data for the classification and mapping of the vegetation. Both sets of data were synthesized using the same computer program package and the efficacy of the resulting classifications as well as the efficiency of the two field
sampling techniques was compared. Following this, a continuous 7 752 point (1 m apart) transect was carried out, traversing the farm, in order to determine the optimum scales at which to sample Sourish-Mixed Bushveld so as to increase classification efficacy and improve community boundary recognition. The results indicated that (1) the arbitrarily chosen sampling scale of 1:8 000 was too large for "farm-scale" studies; (2) the area-based method proved to be satisfactory in that the classification and vegetation map produced with this method were verified spatially and environmentally; (3) the point-based method was deficient as a classificatory and mapping tool at large scales, since too few species were recorded with this
method to make any sense of the classification and mapping of the vegetation was not possible; (4) less time per species was spent using the area-based method but because more species per stand were recorded with this method, the point-based method was quicker per stand; (5) the area-based method was easier to use in dense vegetation and irregular terrain; and (6) the
optimum sampling scales for Sourish-Mixed Bushveld, as indicated by the synthesis of the continuous transect data, are about 1:12 000, 1:50 000 and 1:250 000.Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1995.
42
Collett, David Phillip. "The archaeology of the stone walled settlements in the Eastern Transvaal, South Africa". Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/16525.
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Verrezen, Lucien. "Sedimentology of the Vaal Reef paleoplacer in the western portion of Vaal Reefs Mine". Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10180.
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King, Pieter Hartogh. "'n Ondersoek van die slakgeassosieerde trematode parasiete in die Mooirivier, Transvaal". Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/12901.
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Simpson, Graeme Neil. "Peasants and politics in the western Transvaal, 1920-1940". Master's thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/20103.
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This thesis examines the political and ideological struggles within Tswana chiefdoms in the Rustenburg district of the Western Transvaal in the period 1920 - 1940. This period was characterized by a spate of struggles against tribal chiefs which took on similar forms in most of the chiefdoms of the district. These challenges to chiefly political authority reflected a variety of underlying material interests which were rooted in the process of class formation resulting from the development of capitalist relations of production within the wider society. Despite the variations in material conditions in the different chiefdoms of the district, the forms of political and ideological resistance were very similar. The thesis examines the extent of the influences of Christian missions and national political organizations in these localized struggles, and also explores the relationship between chiefs, Native Affairs Department officials and the rural African population in the context of developing segregationist ideology during the inter-war period.
46
Kruger, Johannes Frederick Eric. "Misdaadvoorkoming by nywerhede: 'n gevallestudie by Transvaal Suiker Beperk". Diss., 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1010.
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Text in AfrikaansHierdie navorsing fokus op misdaadvoorkoming by nywerhede met Transvaal Suiker Beperk as geselekteerde studieveld. Die meganiese en fisiese misdaadvoorkomingsmaatreëls aan die hand van Oscar Newman se verdedigbare mimte model is as basis gebruik. Bestaande misdaadvoorkomingsmaatreëls te Transvaal Suiker Beperk is geëvalueer en aanbevelings is gemaak waar nodig. Die waarde van primêre fisiese versperrings ten opsigte van misdaadvoorkoming is beklemtoon tydens hierdie studie. Sonder die ondersteuning van konvensionele elektronika, en die insette van die mensfaktor, is fisiese misdaadvoorkomingsmaatreëls van geringe waarde. Omgewingsontwerp sluit hierby aan. Effektiewe misdaadvoorkoming verg deurlopende kreatiewe denke met toepaslike optrede.
This research focus on crime prevention at industries with Transvaal Sugar Limited as selected study field. The mechanical and physical crime prevention measures, based on Oscar Newman's defensible space model, was used as focus point. Crime prevention measures in place at Transvaal Sugar Limited was evaluated and the necessary recommendations made. The value of the primary physical barriers in regard off crime prevention was emphasised in this study. Without the support of conventional electronics, together with the inputs of the human factor, physical crime prevention measures will be of little value. Environmental design joins this field. Effective crime prevention needs continuous creative thinking together with the necessary action.
Criminolgy
M. A. (Kriminologie)
47
Crisp, Nicholas Gilmour. "Regionalisation Of Hospital Infrastructure In The Eastern Transvaal Area". Thesis, 1991. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/24294.
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A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Medicine
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg
for the Degree of Master of Medicine (Community Health)The extremely complex fragmentation of health services in the greater South Africa has lead to confusion, duplication and uncoordinated planning. This study assesses the hospital component of the health services in one discrete geographical area where service responsibilities are particularly complex. Each of the hospitals identified within the study area was visited and, after a short conducted tour, detailed information was obtained on a standard questionnaire during interviews with senior hospital personnel. Final detail was obtained by inspection of various functional components in each hospital. Proposals regarding the process of regionalising the hospital services in a future post-apartheid era (when political boundaries, particularly homeland boundaries, have disappeared and the health services can be rationalised under a unified health authority) are made. The major finding is that, while some expansion is needed, the existing facilities can be reorganised into a functional complex at minimal cost and limited disruption of services.
AC 2018
48
Burgoyne, Priscilla Merle. "Phytosociology of the north-eastern Transvaal high mountain grasslands". Diss., 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24003.
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The vegetation of the high mountain grasslands of the north-eastern Transvaal was sampled by using stratification based on geology and land types. Data was classified by TWINSPAN procedures and refined by using the Braun··Bianquet method. This resulted in the recognition of three vegetation units namely wetlands, boulderies and grasslands which represent a moisture gradient. Wetlands comprised four major communities and ten minor plant communities while boulderies resulted in four major communities and seven minor communities. The grasslands comprised four major plant communities which were subdivided into twenty eight minor communities. All identified communities were described and ecologically interpreted and a species list was compiled combining the data gathered in the area by other authors.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
Plant Science
unrestricted
49
Leleki, Msokoli William. "The Methodist Church and society in Transvaal (1948-1976)". Diss., 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24546.
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This work seeks to describe and analyze the origins, growth, development, and main features of what can be termed the Methodist Church in the Transvaal Area. Faith in God was the only thing that kept some Christians and Methodists in particular going during those difficult times. Despite a high price to be paid in the struggle, some church groups found it imperative to fight for human liberation as a sign of being obedient to God. This thesis specifically aims at tracing the role played by the Methodist Church in the broader society in the Eastern Transvaal and Swaziland area presently known as the Highveld and Swaziland District looking specifically at the period between 1948 to 1976. The interest is to discover out the Methodist Church's reaction to the introduction and implementation of the apartheid systems. In 1948 the National Party came to power in South Africa bringing with it the formulated policy of apartheid. Any church felt challenged and denied an opportunity to put into action gospel imperatives. During this period the Methodist Church was caught between practicing Gospel imperatives to remain true to herself and being obedient to those in authority to allow herself to be divided along racial lines. For the Methodist Church to claim to be "one and undivided" called for risking to loose properties and being a church without white membership. Interesting enough it was again in the Transvaal in Soweto on the 16th June 1976 when the black students riots marked the turning point in the struggle against apartheid. The social witness of the Methodist Church in the Transvaal during the prescribed period was met with mixed feelings depending as to which side of the fence one found yourself.Dissertation (MA (Theology))--University of Pretoria, 2006.
Church History and Church Policy
unrestricted
50
Van, Wyk Anna Catharina. "Jode in Transvaal tot 1910 - 'n kultuurhistoriese oorsig (Afrikaans)". Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29003.
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Please read the abstract (Summary) in the section 00front of this documentThesis (D Phil (Cultural History))--University of Pretoria, 2007.
Historical and Heritage Studies
DPhil
unrestricted