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1
Chen, Albert Yi Fu 1967. "Art and social dislocation : a Chinese diasporic condition". Monash University, Dept. of Fine Arts, 2004. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5203.
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Chiu, Melissa, University of Western Sydney, of Arts Education and Social Sciences College e Centre for Cultural Research. "Transexperience and Chinese experimental art, 1990-2000". THESIS_CAESS_CCR_Chiu_M.xml, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/677.
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This dissertation focuses on Chinese artists who migrated to the West (Australia, the United States, and France )during the late eighties and early nineties. Throughout the thesis, it is argued that transexperience encourages a more fluid perception of the relationship to the homeland, not only positing it in the past but also in the present. The structure of the dissertation, devised in terms of locations, is relevant to the author's argument that the site of settlement is a significant determinant in the development of artistic expressions of overseas Chinese artists. A brief conclusion explores some of the most recent developments in the relationship between overseas Chinese artists and their homeland as seen in more frequent travel back, the exhibition of their work (which would have been impossible only a few years ago), and official invitations to represent China in international exhibitions.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Chiu, Melissa. "Transexperience and Chinese experimental art, 1990-2000". Thesis, View thesis, 2003. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/677.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
This dissertation focuses on Chinese artists who migrated to the West (Australia, the United States, and France )during the late eighties and early nineties. Throughout the thesis, it is argued that transexperience encourages a more fluid perception of the relationship to the homeland, not only positing it in the past but also in the present. The structure of the dissertation, devised in terms of locations, is relevant to the author's argument that the site of settlement is a significant determinant in the development of artistic expressions of overseas Chinese artists. A brief conclusion explores some of the most recent developments in the relationship between overseas Chinese artists and their homeland as seen in more frequent travel back, the exhibition of their work (which would have been impossible only a few years ago), and official invitations to represent China in international exhibitions.
4
Ren, Wei. "The Writer's Art: Tao Yuanqing and the Formation of Modern Chinese Design (1900-1930)". Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17465116.
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The dissertation examines the history of modern design in early 20th-century China. The emergent field of design looked to replace the specific cultural and historical references of visual art with an international language of geometry and abstraction. However, design practices also, encouraged extracting culturally unique visual forms by looking inward at a nation’s constructed past. The challenge of uniting these dual, and seemingly contradictory, goals was met in a collaborative book cover design project between Lu Xun (1881-1936), China’s most influential modern writer, and Tao Yuanqing (1893-1929), a painter who transformed ancient motifs into a transnational vocabulary of modern design.
As the title suggests, the dissertation provides a history of modern Chinese design in four chapters, with the Lu Xun-Tao Yuanqing collaboration at its core. The investigation begins with the moment of culmination, wherein Lu Xun and Tao Yuanqing’s intersubjective dynamic allowed for evocative yet inscrutable book cover designs to be created. In the new medium of design, the writer’s anxiety regarding the inadequacy of language converged with the artist’s desire for ambiguity in art. The critical analysis then moves back to earlier instances of design and examines how the history of design in China was inflected by the World Exposition, Japan, art education, and commercial art. The inquiry finally moves forward to the discussion of Tao Yuanqing’s art and design’s relationship with a range of discursive fields in aesthetics and literary criticism, including modern notions of beauty, childlikeness, empathy, the native soil movement, cosmopolitanism, symbolism, and ambiguity in art. This part reveals how Tao Yuanqing’s innovations ironically endorsed while simultaneously subverting contemporary interpretive efforts.History of Art and Architecture
5
au, xiumei@central murdoch edu, e Xiumei Guo. "Immigrating to and ageing in Australia : Chinese experiences". Murdoch University, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070828.91039.
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Chinese communities, large or small, exist in almost every country in the world. The huge Chinese diaspora has played a big role in the global economy. Those in Australia are no exception. The first significant Chinese immigration to Australia came in the 1850s during the gold rush era. Since then Chinese immigration to Australia has gone through up and down periods. However, only after the diplomatic relationship between Australia and China was established in 1972, did mainland Chinese begin to come to Australia directly from China. Since 1978 when China opened its door to the world and started its economic reform, more and more Chinese students have come to Australia. In particular, after the Tiananmen Square Incident in 1989, a significant number of Chinese became Australian permanent residents and contributed to the fast growth of the established Chinese community in Australia.
This thesis analyses immigration and ageing issues relating to the Australian Chinese community, which is now not only one of the oldest in Australia, but also one of the biggest, and economically, one of the most dynamic communities. It draws a historical and contemporary picture of overseas Chinese in Australia, including the Chinese migrants who remained in this country after the Tiananmen Square Incident. This study developed a model to investigate a wide range of factors that drive population movement between Australia and China. The determining factors include a wide range of push and pull forces that change constantly with the overall political, economic and environmental developments. The research findings claim that the pull, push and enabling factors interact with each other to influence Chinese peoples decision to migrate from China to Australia. It becomes apparent that there are certain determinants which can help explain, understand and project this complex process in the future.
This study further proves that Chinese migrants in Australia have made the smooth, but challenging transition between their native and adopted countries. Being involved into the Australian mainstream society, Chinese Australians have achieved economic adaptation and enjoy living in their new country. In addition, Chinese citizens who are studying as international students in Australia are potential skilled migrants and they are likely to apply for migration status after completing their studies. It is believed that Australia continues to be one of the most desired Western migration destinations for Chinese nationals and the magnitude of the Chinese ethnic community in Australia will continue to grow. In the future, the number of elderly Chinese in Australia is likely to increase as the majority of current economically active Chinese intend to retire in Australia and more older Chinese are expected to migrate to Australia for family reunion. As part of the general issues of Australian ageing population, this study attempts to raise the awareness of the challenging life-style of the Chinese elderly in Australia now and future.
This study offers convincing evidence that Chinese immigrants play a vital bridging role in promoting business and trade between Australia and China. Due to Chinas economic growth, their movement between these two countries will be more frequent. Overall, this study provides important considerations for policy makers and will benefit the broad communities, migrants and policy planners in understanding the model of Chinese immigration into Australia. The insights gained from this study should have important policy implications for a more sustainable way of living not only in Australia, but also in China and other countries with Chinese immigrants.
6
Li, Tingting. "Through a Looking Glass: Chinese Artistic Practice and the Cross-Cultural Experience". Thesis, Griffith University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/389678.
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Following government reforms in China during the 1980s, an increasing number of Chinese artists are now studying and working overseas, including in Australia. This research explores the impact of changing attitudes in China toward contemporary art and what this means for an emerging generation of Chinese artists working internationally. I consider how Chinese artists working outside of China today can capture their cross-cultural experience and establish a sense of identity in a changing globalised world. I explore how contemporary art can capture two different worldviews and reflect a cross-cultural dialogue between different societies. My practice-led visual arts research project, accompanied by this exegesis, addresses these considerations through my experience as a Chinese artist working in Australia.Thesis (Professional Doctorate)
Doctor of Visual Arts (DVA)
Queensland College of Art
Arts, Education and Law
Full Text
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Chan, Kenneth, e n/a. "Chinese history books and other stories". University of Canberra. Creative Communication, 2005. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061020.144139.
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My thesis is a creative writing doctorate which focuses on one Chinese family's
adaptation to living in Australia in the mid-twentieth century. The thesis is in two
parts. Part I is an examination of Chineseness and identity within the context of the
short stories that make up Part I1 of the thesis.
In Part I, I have looked at the place of the Chinese within the larger, dominant cultures
of America and Australia. In particular, I have discussed the way in which the
discourses of the dominant culture have framed Chineseness; and also what it might
mean to describe authentic and essential qualities in Chineseness. The question I ask
is whether the concept of Chineseness shifts according to time, location, history, and
intercultural encounters. This leads me to try to "place" my family and myself. I
provide some background on my family and on specific incidents that have served as
springboards for the fiction. Part I also discusses some aspects of narrative theory in
relation to the stories and considers the stories within the context of other Chinese-
Australian fiction and performance.
Ln Part 11, I have written a collection of nine short stories about the lives of a fictitious
family called the Tangs. The stories can be described as a cycle that is unified and
linked by characters who are protagonists in one story but appear in a minor or
supporting role in other stories. Composing a linked cycle of stories has given me the
opportunity to extend the short story form, especially by giving me scope to expand
the lives of the characters beyond a single story. The lives of the characters can take
on greater complexity since they confront challenges at different stages of their lives
from different perspectives.
8
Zhang, Xiao Jun, e n/a. "Analysis of Chinese literature in Australia during the last decade (1989-2000)". University of Canberra. Languages & International Education, 2002. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061112.120716.
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As one of the largest non-English speaking groups in Australia, Chinese
immigrants, refugees and sojourners are becoming more visible and have
begun to exert more influence on Australian society. These groups can be
better understood by reading and analysing Chinese literature in Australia
because these contemporary Chinese literary works discuss a numbers of
issues, such as how migrants and refugees adapted to the host culture while
preserving their traditional culture; how they became involved into the new
society and became a part of it; and what anxieties and difficulties they
encountered in the process of displacement and transition. The current
study uses the theories of both cultural studies and inter-cultural
communication theorists to examine literary works written in Chinese by
Chinese immigrants to Australia. Literary theory is also used as a
methodological tool to analyse the writings. The study compares the works
of writers from mainland China with the writings of Chinese from other
country ('Chinese outsiders'). Although the two groups write on similar
themes, the research shows that the characteristics, and the general
perspectives they present are quite different from one another.
9
Chung, Mei Ling, e res cand@acu edu au. "Chinese Young People and Spirituality: an Australian study". Australian Catholic University. School of Religious Education, 2006. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp121.25102006.
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The research reported in this thesis is concerned with the spirituality of Chinese young people who attended a Chinese evangelical church in Melbourne, Australia. This research is a case study conducted in the framework of a qualitative approach using ethnographic methods, including fieldwork methods with data triangulation through participant observation, individual interviews and focus group interviews. Grounded theory was used to analyse data collected. The particular group of young people were Chinese in race, and Australian born, or had been living in Australia since early childhood. They attended the English speaking fellowship and services of a Chinese evangelical church in Melbourne, and their ages were between fifteen and eighteen years. They were born or had grown up in Australia, and had been exposed at least to two cultures, the Australian culture in the society, and the Chinese traditional culture in their family, in which the parents were the first generation in Australia. This research aimed to find out the characteristics of the spirituality of the Chinese young people through acknowledging the multicultural context in which they lived. Thus, it began with a cultural perspective and sought to study the cultural contexts that account for their distinctive Christian spirituality. In summary, the research reported in this thesis describes the young participants’ spirituality from their own perspectives, discusses their construction of identity that led to their distinctive spirituality, and studies their parents’ worldviews and the role of cultural institutions that have affected their spirituality. Finally, it concludes with development of theories of spirituality related to Chinese young people in a multicultural society, and proposes ways in which churches and families may encourage the development of spirituality for Chinese young people in a multicultural society.
10
Xiao, Jun, e n/a. "Cultural identity and communication among the Chinese diaspora in Australia in the 1990s : a Canberra case study". University of Canberra. Professional Communication, 2001. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061110.173255.
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As a contribution to understanding the Chinese immigrants and their
community, this study seeks to explore the factors influencing the formation and
development of cultural identity among members of the Chinese diaspora in
Australia. These include Chinese community life, family and professional
networks, media use and its influences, and the changes that have taken place
over the past ten years.
Chinese communities in Australia are not homogeneous. Although they may all
call themselves Chinese, they differ among themselves according to dialect,
subdialect, clan and family, all of which are linked to their place of ancestral
origin in China, as well as by country of birth outside of China. The degree to
which these differences are considered important varies from individual to
individual, but a community, whether it is constituted for social or business
purposes, always comprises individuals who share one or more of these
secondary characteristics in addition to their collective cultural characteristics.
The study focuses on Canberra as a case study. First, it examines the
similarities and differences within the Chinese diaspora coming from different
geographical origins. It uses interviews and narrative analysis to examine the
nature of Chinese immigrants and to assess their social, political and cultural
context, with the aim to challenge the monolithic view that only one kind of
Chinese community exists. It investigates how cultural background and other
factors affect the formation and development of people's identity. In addition, as
a point of secondary comparison, this study also analyses the differences
between the Chinese diaspora in Canberra and Sydney. The aim here is to
assess how the different locations and different characteristics of these cities
communication networks affect migrants' adaptation to Australian society.
Special attention will be given to differences between Dalu ren (the mainland
Chinese), who came to Australia after the events of Tiananmen Square in 1989,
and the other diasporic Chinese groups in Australia, which include Taiwan ren
(Taiwanese), Xianggangren' (Honkongese), Malaixiya hua ren (Malaysian
Chinese), and Xinjiapo hua ren (Singaporean Chinese). Since mainland China
has had a different political system and the Communist Party replaced much
Chinese tradition, people from the mainland have kept the least Chinese
cultural traditions. Chinese from other regions try to keep the Chinese tradition
as it was. However, the culture in mainland China has already changed.
Therefore, the understanding of the Chinese tradition and culture among the
Chinese from different regions varies greatly.
This thesis explores the changing understanding within the members of the
diasporic community of cultural identity. It attempts to show the strong
influence of the notion of an original culture on the Chinese diaspora and how
these ideas influence the way that diasporic Chinese community members
interact within Australian society. It will investigate the changing
characteristics, both social and individual, of mainlanders and other groups of
Chinese immigrants in the 1990s, in the context of their professional, social and
family networks. It will examine areas such as media use, languages and
involvement with community development activities, and whether there are
significant differences in their acculturation according to their different gender
and places of origins.
1 Although Hong Kong has become part of China since 1997, there have, however, been
different political and social systems in Hong Kong and the mainland, so this study researches
Hong Kong in a separate category for the purpose of exploring differences.
11
Wang, Wan-Sheng, e n/a. "A Study of Relationships Between Educational Activities and the Well-Being and Life Satisfaction of Members of Chinese Community Groups". Griffith University. School of Cognition, Language and Special Education, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070104.153050.
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Most immigrants have to adjust their lives to living in a new country, especially when moving from an Eastern to a Western society. Chinese immigrants may face multiple difficulties, including cultural differences and the English language barrier, which are a particularly problem for older immigrants. To overcome these difficulties, many Chinese immigrants either form new community groups or join those currently operating. Normally, Chinese community groups provide a wide range of activities for members. The literature (e.g., Diener, 1984; Cantor & Sanderson, 1999; Csikszentmihalyi, 1975) provides some understanding of the value for new immigrants in attending these group activities. Participating members report improved life satisfaction within new society and have a more positive outcome as a result of their involvement. However, the magnitude of the influence life satisfaction and well-being is not as clear. This research aimed to better understand the relationships between participation in community group activities and the life satisfaction and well-being of participating members. A quantitative research method was adopted for this study to investigate the relationships between the variables. The study utilised a questionnaire that focused on specific demographic characteristics of participants, a 5-item life satisfaction measure (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985), a short 18-item measure (Ryff, 1989a) of the six dimensions of psychological well-being, and on other factors likely to impinge on life satisfaction and well-being. The 7-point agreement scale asked participants the extent to which they agreed or disagreed with the statements. The questionnaire was offered to participants in both English and Chinese. Questionnaires were completed by 600 Chinese-speaking immigrants from Taiwan, China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, and Singapore who were participants in educational activities and/or other activities offered through 21 different Chinese community groups in Brisbane. Four hundred took part in 20 different educational group activities, and 200 in 25 different non-educational group activities. Most participants were female, and approximately two thirds were over 50 years of age. Using AMOS, a number of structural equations models (SEMs) were tested to investigate the conceptually proposed links between the various variables. This study supports other literature, finding that both educational and general activities provided by the community groups positively influence the participating members' life satisfaction and feelings of well-being. The majority of participants in this study reported that they considered participating in community group educational activities (74.2% agreed), and general activities (66.6%), had the most impact on their life satisfaction and well-being. Most participants (70%) found that community group activities, both educational and general, were interesting. However, only around 53% of them claimed to have achieved their goals in these activities. The findings of this study indicate the complexity of the influences on life satisfaction and well-being levels facing this cohort of Chinese immigrants. Although results suggest that demographic variables such as year of migration and employment status have a greater influence on life satisfaction and well-being than educational activities and general activities, the outcomes of this study support the conclusion that the participating members have benefited from the variety of programs offered by Chinese community groups.
12
Pan, Grace Wen, e n/a. "Business Partnership Relationships in the Chinese Inbound Tourism Market to Australia". Griffith University. School of Tourism and Hotel Management, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040719.110427.
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The Chinese inbound tourism market to Australia has been acknowledged as an emerging market and a major export earner. However, Australian inbound tour operators experience difficulties in establishing and developing viable partner relationships with Chinese travel agents. Recognising the size, importance and complexity of this market, the major purpose of this research is to explore and investigate the crucial process of developing Sino-Australian partnership relationships in the tourism industry, and to educate Australian tourism operatives about this process to facilitate the establishment of business relationships with Chinese travel agents. Hence, the principal research question posed in this thesis is: How might Australian tourism product suppliers and marketers establish and maintain partnership relationships with Chinese travel agents to help Australia become a preferred tourist destination for Chinese tourists? This study is exploratory in nature and draws on applied marketing, management and cross-cultural theories on networking to explore the process of developing partnership relationships in the Chinese inbound tourism market to Australia. The literature on networking, and the development of networking relationships, has been theorised drawing principally on the marketing and management literature. The impact of cross-cultural differences and the effect of guanxi (connection), a key feature of Chinese business networking, on partnership relations between Chinese travel agents and Australian inbound tour operators, is also reviewed and discussed. One of the main contributions of this research is its multidisciplinary nature, drawing on relationship marketing and network theories and applying them to tourism research. Little research has been undertaken into tourism-based partnership relations in the cross-national context. Given the limited research conducted on this topic and its cross-cultural nature, a qualitative research method was adopted for this study. Specifically, this study utilised in-depth interviewing techniques to explore the relationships between Australian inbound tour operators and Chinese travel agents. This study identifies that the process of developing partnership relationships between Chinese travel agents and Australian inbound tour operators is, as expected, highly culturally embedded but in unexpected ways. Although all the Australian inbound tour operators in the study are of Chinese descent, they have adapted to Australian culture and business ethics, giving rise to communication problems that affect partnership relationships. A new stage model of the development of partnership relationships between Australian inbound tour operators and Chinese travel agents is therefore developed by incorporating cross-cultural factors into Western theories on networking and relationship marketing. In particular, the thesis identifies important factors in each stage of the process of developing business relationships. For example, resilient trust and mutual commitment, the pricing issue, word-of-mouth, and quality of services are all considered crucial in attaining long-term stable partnership relationships. Disproving popular myths about guanxi in some of the previous literature, the findings from this research demonstrate that, in China's economic transition period, guanxi plays a significant, but not decisive role in the process of developing partnership relationships between Chinese travel agents and Australian inbound tour operators. However, guanxi relationships can provide added value to the partnership relationships of Australian operators.
13
Sonderegger, Robi, e n/a. "Patterns of Cultural Adjustment Among Young Former-Yugoslavian and Chinese Migrants To Australia". Griffith University. School of Applied Psychology, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030918.153743.
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Australia is a culturally diverse country with many migrant and refugee families in need of mental health services. Yet, surveys indicate that many culturally diverse community members do not feel comfortable in accessing mental health services, often due to a limited understanding of current western practices and the lack of practitioner cultural sensitivity. Despite the apparent need, few investigations have been conducted with migrant families to understand their different values and needs, and identify how they adjust to a new culture. The paucity of empirical research is largely due to the number of variables associated with the process of cultural change, and the fact that culture itself may lend different meaning to symptom experience, and the expression thereof. Moreover, because migrant adaptation is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon, it is often rendered difficult to investigate. Cultural groups have been observed to exhibit differences in the pathogenesis and expressions of psychological adjustment, thus making culturally sensitive assessment a particularly arduous yet important task. Although the number of studies conducted on cultural adaptation trends of adult migrants is growing, few investigations have examined the acculturation experiences of children and adolescents. Moreover, the link between acculturation and mental health has confounded researchers and practitioners alike. Considering assessment procedures largely influence therapeutic strategies, it is deemed essential that Australian health care professionals understand language, behavioural, and motivational differences between ethnic groups. In response to appeals for empirical data on culture-specific differences and developmental pathways of emotional resiliency and psychopathology, the present research program examines the complex interplay between situational factors and internal processes that contribute to mental health among young migrants and refugees. The research focuses particularly on anxiety, which is not only the most common form of childhood psychopathology but also frequently coincides with stressful life events such as cultural relocation. Two hundred and seventy-three primary and high school students (comprised of former-Yugoslavian and Chinese cultural groups) participated in this research program. Primary (n=131) and high school (n=142) students completed self-report measures of acculturation, internalising symptoms, social support, self-concept/esteem, ethnic identity, and future outlook, and were compared by cultural group, heterogenic ethnicity, school level, gender, and residential duration variables. Specifically, Study 1 aimed to map the cultural adjustment patterns of migrant youth so as to determine both situational and internal process risk and protective factors of emotional distress. The main findings from Study 1 indicate: (1) patterns of cultural adjustment differ for children and adolescents according to cultural background, gender, age, and length of stay in the host culture; (2) former-Yugoslavian migrants generally report greater identification and involvement with Australian cultural norms than Chinese migrant youth; and (3) the divergent variables social support and bicultural adjustment are not universally paired with acculturative stress, as previously indicated in other adult migrant and acculturation studies. These outcomes highlight the importance of addressing the emotional and psychological needs of young migrants from unique age-relevant cultural perspectives. Building on these outcomes, the aim of Study 2 was to propose an organisational structure for a number of single risk factors that have been linked to acculturative stress in young migrants. In recognising that divergent situational characteristics (e.g., school level, gender, residential duration in Australia, social support, and cultural predisposition) are selectively paired with internal processing characteristics (e.g., emotional stability, self-worth/acceptance, acculturation/identity, and future outlook), a top-down path model of acculturative stress for children and adolescents of Chinese and former-Yugoslavian backgrounds was proposed and tested. To determine goodness of model fit, path analysis was employed. Specific cross-cultural profiles, application for the proposed age and culture sensitive models, and research considerations are discussed.
14
Welch, Ian, e iwe97581@bigpond net au. "Alien Son : The life and times of Cheok Hong Cheong, (Zhang Zhuoxiong) 1851-1928". The Australian National University. Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, 2003. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20051108.111252.
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This thesis contributes to the ongoing discussion of modern Chinese identity by pro-viding a case study of Cheok Hong CHEONG. It necessarily considers Australian atti-tudes towards the Chinese during the 19th century, not least the White Australia Pol-icy. The emergence of that discriminatory immigration policy over the second half of the 19th century until its national implementation in 1901 provides the background to the thesis. Cheong was the leading figure among Chinese-Australian Christians and a prominent figure in the Australian Chinese community and the thesis seeks to iden-tify a man whose contribution has largely been shadowy in other studies or, more commonly, overlooked by the parochialism of colony/state emphasis in many histo-ries of Australia. His role in the Christian church fills a space in Victorian religious history.
Although Cheong accumulated great wealth he was not part of the Chinese mer-chant class of the huagong/huaquiao traditions of the overseas Chinese diaspora of the 19th and 20th centuries. His wealth was accumulated through property investments following the spectacular collapse of the Victorian banking system during the 1890s. His community leadership role arose through his position in the Christian Church rather than, as was generally the case, through business. His English language skills, resulting from his church association, were the key to his role as a Chinese community spokesman.¶
Cheok Hong Cheong left an archive of some 800 documents in the English lan-guage covering the major people, incidents and concerns of his life and times. His Let-terbooks, together with the archives of the various Christian missions to the Chinese in Australia in the 19th and early 20th centuries, shed light on one person’s life and more broadly, through his involvements on the complex relationships of Chinese emigrants, with the often unsympathetic majority of Australians.¶
This is a case study of a Chinese identity formed outside China and influenced by a wider set of cultural influences than any other Chinese-Australian of his time —an identity that justifies the description of him as an ‘Alien Son’. Cheong’s story is a con-tribution to the urban and family history of an important ethnic sub-group within the wider immigrant history of Australia.¶
While Cheong remained a Chinese subject his identification with Australia cannot be questioned. All his children were born in Australia and he left just twice after his arrival in 1863. He visited England in 1891-2 and in 1906 he briefly visited China. Identity and culture issues are growing in importance as part of the revived relation-ship between the Chinese of the diaspora and the economic renewal of the People’s Republic of China and this thesis is offers a contribution to that discussion.
15
Broinowski, Alison Elizabeth, e alison broinowski@anu edu au. "About face : Asian representations of Australia". The Australian National University. Faculty of Asian Studies, 2002. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20030404.135751.
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This thesis considers the ways in which Australia has been publicly represented in ten Asian societies in the twentieth century. It shows how these representations are at odds with Australian opinion leaders assertions about being a multicultural society, with their claims about engagement with Asia, and with their understanding of what is typically Australian. It reviews the emergence and development of Asian regionalism in the twentieth century, and considers how Occidentalist strategies have come to be used to exclude and marginalise Australia. A historical survey outlines the origins of representations of Australia in each of the ten Asian countries, detecting the enduring influence both of past perceptions and of the interests of each countrys opinion leaders. Three test cases evaluate these findings in the light of events in the late twentieth century: the first considers the response in the region to the One Nation party, the second compares that with opinion leaders reaction to the crisis in East Timor; and the third presents a synthesis of recent Asian Australian fiction and what it reveals about Asian representations of Australia from inside Australian society. The thesis concludes that Australian policies and practices enable opinion leaders in the ten countries to construct representations of Australia in accordance with their own priorities and concerns, and in response to their agendas of Occidentalism, racism, and regionalism.
16
au, a. meerwald@yahoo com, e Agnes May Lin Meerwald. "Chineseness at the crossroads : negotiations of Chineseness and the politics of liminality in diasporic Chinese women's lives in Australia". Murdoch University, 2002. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20080116.113947.
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Chineseness at the crossroads examines how Chineseness is negotiated by diasporic Chinese women in Australia. I question the essentialist notions of Chineseness by deploying Homi Bhabha's theory of liminality. This concept of being neither here nor there helped me examine the women's ambiguous experiences of acceptance and rejection, within and across marginal and dominant Australian circles. My position disrupts the binaric frames that divide the old from the new, and the eastern from the western practices for cultural appropriation. It recognises instead the past and the present in the creation of new but familiar versions of Chineseness.
I argue that essentialist norms are commuilicated through cultural semantics to inform how Chineseness is rehearsed. I assert that liminality exposes the power structures that inform these cultural semantics by disrupting the naturalised norms. I posit that the diasporic women's awareness of these interdependent processes enables them to question their practices and ideologies.
I used an autoethnographic technique to collapse the divide between the researcher and the researched. It created a liminal space between the researcher and the researched. This subverted norms of the researcher as the archaeologist of knowledge by enabling the other women's narratives to tell their stories alongside mine. This methodological frame also serves as a prism to examine the intersections of gender, sexuality, family, relationships, language, education, class, age, and religion with Chineseness in the lives of the 39 Malaysian and Singaporean women interviewed.
My results indicate that Chineseness is precarious and indeterminate, and specific to the particular moments of articulation at the crossroads of geopolitical and socioeconomic factors. The versions of Chineseness rehearsed are complexly influenced by the various cultural semantics that impact on the women's negotiations of who they are as diasporic Chinese women in Australia. I conclude with a discussion of how these results challenge current curriculum and pedagogical practices in English classrooms. I argue that a re-examination of these practices will contribute to a more inclusive Australia.
17
Li, Tingting. "An Analysis of the 4:2:1 Documentary". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500078/.
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As a Chinese filmmaker, I feel obligated to reveal a true story about Chinese international students. Through my subjects and my stories, I am planning to express the messages that both adapting to a new culture and paying the financial cost of a foreign education have never been simple, but we will never give up our dreams.
18
Griffiths, Philip Gavin, e phil@philgriffiths id au. "The making of White Australia: Ruling class agendas, 1876-1888". The Australian National University. Faculty of Arts, 2007. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20080101.181655.
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This thesis argues that the colonial ruling class developed its first White Australia policy in 1888, creating most of the precedents for the federal legislation of 1901. White Australia was central to the making of the Australian working class, to the shaping of Australian nationalism, and the development of federal political institutions. It has long been understood as a product of labour movement mobilising, but this thesis rejects that approach, arguing that the labour movement lacked the power to impose such a fundamental national policy, and that the key decisions which led to White Australia were demonstrably not products of labour movement action.
¶
It finds three great ruling class agendas behind the decisions to exclude Chinese immigrants, and severely limit the use of indentured coloured labour. Chinese people were seen as a strategic threat to Anglo-Australian control of the continent, and this fear was sharpened in the mid-1880s when China was seen as a rising military power, and a necessary ally for Britain in its global rivalry with Russia. The second ruling class agenda was the building of a modern industrial economy, which might be threatened by industries resting on indentured labour in the north. The third agenda was the desire to construct an homogenous people, which was seen as necessary for containing social discontent and allowing free institutions, such as parliamentary democracy.
¶
These agendas, and the ruling class interests behind them, challenged other major ruling class interests and ideologies. The result was a series of dilemmas and conflicts within the ruling class, and the resolution of these moved the colonial governments towards the White Australia policy of 1901. The thesis therefore describes the conflict over the use of Pacific Islanders by pastoralists in Queensland, the campaign for indentured Indian labour by sugar planters and the radical strategy of submerging this into a campaign for North Queensland separation, and the strike and anti-Chinese campaign in opposition to the use of Chinese workers by the Australasian Steam Navigation Company in 1878. The first White Australia policy of 1888 was the outcome of three separate struggles by the majority of the Anglo-Australian ruling classto narrowly restrict the use of indentured labour in Queensland, to assert the right of the colonies to decide their collective immigration policies independently of Britain, and to force South Australia to accept the end of Chinese immigration into its Northern Territory. The dominant elements in the ruling class had already agreed that any serious move towards federation was to be conditional on the building of a white, predominantly British, population across the whole continent, and in 1888 they imposed that policy on their own societies and the British government.
19
Wang, Ting, e n/a. "Understanding Chinese educational leaders' conceptions of learning and leadership in an international education context". University of Canberra. Education and Community Studies, 2004. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050630.090724.
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This thesis presents an interpretative study of an Australian offshore education program
in educational leadership conducted at Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province in China from
2002 to 2003. It is a study of the influence of international education on the conceptions
of the participants in a particular context, where Chinese culture and Western cultures
came into contact. The study is significant because it investigated a relatively new
aspect of international education, offshore education, this time from the perspective of
the participants. It explored the conceptions of learning and leadership brought by a
group of Chinese educational leaders to the course and investigated the perceived
influence of the course upon their conceptions and self-reported leadership practice. It
employed a culturally sensitive approach which recognizes that a complex interaction
between Chinese and Western cultures is occurring in the participants of this study.
This interpretative study was inspired by the phenomenographic approach.
Phenomenography is an approach to research that has been used to help understand the
key aspects of the variations in the experiences of groups of people (Marton & Booth,
1997). The study examined the experiences and understandings about learning and
leadership of Chinese leaders in an offshore program, a Master of Educational
Leadership. The program was delivered in a flexible mode in three intensive teaching
brackets of six subjects. The study employed a semi-structured and in-depth interview
technique. Twenty participants were interviewed twice over a 12-month period. The
study sought a better understanding of their conceptions by making a comparison
between their perceptions prior to and after undertaking the course. Participants were
from schools, universities and educational departments. Potential differences across the
three sectors were also considered in the analysis.
The findings showed that most participants developed more complex understandings of
learning and leadership throughout the course. Comparison of conceptions prior to and
after the course indicated an expanded range of conceptions. There was reportedly a
movement towards more complex and diversified perspectives. Prior to the course,
participants reported comparatively traditional conceptions of learning and leadership in
quite a limited range. Learning experience and exposure to Western educational ideas
and practices seems to have led participants to reflect on their inherited assumptions and to expand their conceptions. They generally increased their awareness of key aspects of
variations in learning and leadership. This study identified a general shift from
content/utilitarian-oriented learning conceptions to meaning/developmental-oriented
conceptions after undertaking the course. There was also a shift from task/directiveorientated
conceptions about leadership to motivation/collaborative-oriented leadership
conceptions. Many participants reported that they expanded their leadership practice
after the course. The findings also revealed some differences regarding conceptual and
practice changes across the three sectors.
The study contributes to understanding of learning and leadership in an international
education context. The learning and leadership conceptions and self-reported practices
are context and culture dependent. The study illustrates the tensions between different
cultural forces in the process of teaching and learning. The methodology which explores
the subjective understandings of participants renders more complex understandings of
intercultural processes than cross-cultural comparisons which have been predominant in
the educational leadership field in the past. The results highlight the need for
appreciation of local contexts in designing international programs. The discussion
questions the universal applicability and transferability of Western ideas, and also
highlights the importance of critical reflection and adaptation on the part of educational
practitioners from non-Western cultures. It highlights the potential for growth of change
in both providers and recipients of international education as a result of very different
cultures and traditions coming into contact. Intercultural dialogue and integration of
educational ideas and practices are likely to come about when East meets West in an
open and reflective dialogue.
20
Trench, James G. "Role of the Chinese Steel Industry in the Economic Development of China and Australias Contribution to the Industry as a Supplier of Raw Materials". Murdoch University, 2004. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20040820.144619.
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The objective of this thesis is to examine the extent to which the iron and steel industry in China has been a major contributor to the recent economic development and growth of the Chinese economy and whether this will continue. Key elements of Chinas economic development model THE CHINESE MODEL - based on the steel industry are presented and demonstrate the impact of China taking great leaps forward in its steel production capacity to become the worlds leading steel producer and one of the fastest growing economies. This bold step was undertaken at times when the global steel industry was burdened with overcapacity and economic pressures. At the same time, this thesis examines the role played by the Australian iron ore industry in supporting the Chinese steel industry through its iron ore trade with China and how this role will evolve.
The development of the iron and steel industry in China reflects not just the role played in the overall expansion of the Chinese economy through technical input-output relationships, but it also reflects control and historical characteristics taken from China's social and political context. Starting from the views of Sun Yat Sen, and flowing through Mao Zedong, and then into later leaders, the steel industry was always intended to be the basis for the modernisation of the Chinese economy. The Great Leap Forward of the 1950s was an ill-founded reflection of that fundamental view, but the failure in that case did not cause a shift away from that basic perspective. Instead a more comprehensive perspective was provided and this came to the fore at the start of there form process in the early 1980s.The role of the steel industry in the recent modernisation of China is traced using the policy foundations and directions that were adopted combined with empirical data on the investment and growth in the industry, as well as the role of the output of the steel industry in the expansion of other industries in China. To the extent that conditions in China may be replicated in other countries, the Chinese experience using the iron and steel industry as the key element in the industrialisation of that economy will have important lessons.
At the same time, this thesis demonstrates weaknesses in a development model that has the iron and steel industry as the leading sector. One major weakness is the reliance on imported raw materials and at this point the Chinese experience with Australia as a source of raw materials becomes relevant. Australias role as a reliable supplier and partner for the steel industry enabled the steel industry to expand in a low risk environment with respect to the price and availability of raw materials.
21
Mou, Dai, e manchurian0@yahoo com. "The Use of Suggestion as a Classroom Learning Strategy in China and Australia: An Assessment Scale with Structural Equation Explanatory Models in Terms of Stress, Depression, Learning Styles and Academic Grades". RMIT University. Education, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20070207.152256.
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This study is innovative in that it draws together the concepts of suggestion from several cultural groups and develops an inventory to account for variations the occurrence of scale to studies the relatively new area of the effects of suggestion in classrooms and compares effect on personality and academic variables. As new ideas and knowledge become more widespread and accepted by the community and teaching profession, precision in the applications of suggestion in the classroom is being seen as more important. Although new to education, suggestion and similar variations has always been central to influencing behaviour and learning among pastoral, counseling and hypnotherapy fields. Teachers who had experience or influence from those fields or the ideas of Lozanov (1978) or accelerated learning groups were and are more the exception than the rule. However, as new ideas become more influential, the influence of suggestion in is becoming increasingly important in progressive, modern education. A major goal of the study was to provide a valid instrument to compare Chinese and Australian differences and similarities in use of suggestion in learning. It was hoped that such a comparison would provide increased mutual understanding of values, strategies, practices and preferences by teachers and students. A second goal was to develop a causative model that explained the relationships between the measured variables of personality and learning behaviour and suggestion in teaching and learning.. A third aim was to make a comparison on effects and performance of suggestion in teaching and learning in Australian, Chinese and Australian accelerative learning classes. This study examined differences between Australian and Chinese high school Science classrooms in their use of suggestion in teaching and learning. To ascertain the prevalence and types of suggestion in the classroom the 39-item suggestion in teaching and learning (STL) scale was developed and validated v in Year 7, 9, and 11 high school classes in China and Australia. The STL scale categorized suggestion into the following types or subscales: Selfsuggestion, metaphor, indirect non-verbal suggestion, general spoken suggestion, negative suggestion, intuitive suggestion, direct verbal suggestion, relaxation, and de-suggestion. The study involved surveying 344 participants (n=182 female, n=162 male) from four high schools in Australia and China. A further 374 participants (n=108 teachers, n=266 students) from six high schools were surveyed for selecting a Chinese sample in a pilot study. About 284 participants (China: 200 students; Australia: 84 students [includes 8 adults]) were observed for validation of the STL instrument. All subjects and classes were randomly selected and were surveyed and observed for the purpose of scale and model development. The STL scale was found to be capable of distinguishing different types of suggestion within Chinese, Australian, and Australian Accelerative Learning classes. The STL scale was significant as a first scale to measure suggestion in teaching and learning in Australian and Chinese classrooms. Items in the scale were strongly and significantly correlated with other items within the subscales and with the overall scale. Path analytic techniques were used to explain relationships between the STL scale, its subscales, nation, gender and high school students profiles on stress, depression, learning styles and academic grades. Limitations of the study included problems arising from language and cultural differences as well as newness of the scale and the field of study. Recommendations for further study included strengthening aspects of the scale with new items and further qualitative and quantitative studies on the uses of suggestion in academic learning and other forms of change in childhood and adolescence.
22
au, r. lee@murdoch edu, e Regina Lee. "Theorising the Chinese Diaspora: Canadian and Australian Narratives". Murdoch University, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20060418.160334.
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This dissertation presents a study of Chinese diasporic narratives from Canada and Australia and examines the formation and negotiation of diasporic cultural identity and consciousness. Drawing upon theoretical discussions on diasporas in general, it investigates how the Chinese diaspora is imagined and represented, as a visible minority group, within the context of the multicultural nation state.
This dissertation begins with a taxonomy of the modes of explaining diaspora and offers three ways of theorising diasporic consciousness. In analysing the filmic and fictional narrative forms of the Chinese in Canada and Australia, the practices of cultural self-representation and of minority group participation and enjoyment of the nation are foregrounded in order to advance critical analysis of the Chinese diaspora. While taking into account the heterogeneity of the imagined diasporic Chinese community, this study also contends that the formation and negotiation of diasporic consciousness and diasporic cultural identity politics is strongly and invariably affected by the multicultural conditions and policies of their host countries. The adaptation and manifestation of minority groups cultural practices are thus a matter of social, cultural and political contingencies more often aligned with dominant cultural expectations and manipulations than with the assertiveness of more empowered minority group participation. This dissertation therefore argues for a broader and more complex understanding of diasporic cultural and identity politics in the widespread attempts to merge and incorporate minority group narratives into the key foundational (grand) narratives of the white nation state. The importance of reinscribing Chinese diasporic histories into the cultural landscapes of their receiving countries is moreover increasingly propelled by the speed and momentum of globalisation that has resulted in the growing number of multicultural societies on the one hand but also led to the homogenisation of cultural differences and diversities.
In focussing on the fictional and filmic narratives from Canada and Australia, the diversity of the Chinese diasporic community and their conditions are emphasised in order to reflect upon the differences in the administration and practice of multiculturalism in these two countries. The comparative reading of Chinese-Canadian and Chinese-Australian novels and films locates its analysis of notions of homeland and belonging, community and national and cultural citizenship within the context of the development and negotiation of diasporic identity politics.
23
Tse, Ching-kan Curry, e 謝正勤. "School of Chinese Art". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31984836.
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Tse, Ching-kan Curry. "School of Chinese Art". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25950964.
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25
Low, Rachel Wai Leng, e n/a. "The cultural identity of Chinese Australian adolescents in Canberra". University of Canberra. School of Professional & Community Education, 1999. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060818.161530.
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This research focuses on the cultural identity of Chinese Australian adolescents in Canberra
between the ages of 18 and 21.
Adolescence is a developmental stage in which young people feel a need to define their
cultural identity. According to social identity theory, being a member of the group provides
individuals with a sense of belonging that contributes to a positive self-concept. In
particular, young people belonging to ethnic minority groups need a firm sense of group
identification in order to maintain a sense of wellbeing (Tajfel & Turner, 1979).
The purpose and significance of this study is to update our understanding of how
adolescents from a specific ethnic minority group (Chinese Australian) adjust to the
mainstream Australian culture. The information gathered will be significant to the
wellbeing of these individuals in helping them to come to terms with their own identity. It
will also provide useful information for effective cross-cultural interaction for a range of
services such as education, law, health and social services.
The quantitative and qualitative approaches employed in this study include a questionnaire
and a semi-structured interview. The semi-structured interview complements the
questionnaire in confirming the adjustments of these adolescents within an analytical
framework that is a replica of Phinney's framework (1994). In her research on bicultural
identity orientations of African American and Mexican American adolescents, Phinney
categorised these adolescents under four distinct types of interaction with the mainstream
culture. These are namely: separation (focus only on the ethnic culture), assimilation
(identifying solely with the dominant culture), integration (relating well to both cultures)
and marginality (relating to neither culture). In this dissertation the researcher also aims to
determine the cultural identity of Chinese Australian adolescents in Canberra in the study
using these four categories.
The results of this study demonstrate that this framework is an appropriate analytical tool
for the study of the cultural identity of Chinese Australian adolescents, most of whom
classified themselves as integrated. Overall, Chinese Australian adolescents between the
ages of 18 and 21 in the Canberra region were well adjusted and showed little tension or
stress in relating to their ethnic culture or to the mainstream Australian culture.
26
Chan, Jean L. Y. "The Chinese community and the Chinese language schools in South Australia /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09EDM/09edmc454.pdf.
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Gibson, Lisanne, e L. Gibson@mailbox gu edu au. "Art and Citizenship- Governmental Intersections". Griffith University. School of Film, Media and Cultural Studies, 1999. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030226.085219.
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The thesis argues that the relations between culture and government are best viewed through an analysis of the programmatic and institutional contexts for the use of culture as an interface in the relations between citizenship and government. Discussion takes place through an analysis of the history of art programmes which, in seeking to target a 'general' population, have attempted to equip this population with various particular capacities. We aim to provide a history of rationalities of art administration. This will provide us with an approach through which we might understand some of the seemingly irreconcilable policy discourses which characterise contemporary discussion of government arts funding. Research for this thesis aims to make a contribution to historical research on arts institutions in Australia and provide a base from which to think about the role of government in culture in contemporary Australia. In order to reflect on the relations between government and culture the thesis discusses the key rationales for the conjunction of art, citizenship and government in post-World War Two (WWII) Australia to the present day. Thus, the thesis aims to contribute an overview of the discursive origins of the main contemporary rationales framing arts subvention in post-WWII Australia. The relations involved in the government of culture in late eighteenth-century France, nineteenth-century Britain, America in the 1930s and Britain during WWII are examined by way of arguing that the discursive influences on government cultural policy in Australia have been diverse. It is suggested in relation to present day Australian cultural policy that more effective terms of engagement with policy imperatives might be found in a history of the funding of culture which emphasises the plurality of relations between governmental programmes and the self-shaping activities of citizens. During this century there has been a shift in the political rationality which organises government in modern Western liberal democracies. The historical case studies which form section two of the thesis enable us to argue that, since WWII, cultural programmes have been increasingly deployed on the basis of a governmental rationality that can be described as advanced or neo-liberal. This is both in relation to the forms these programmes have taken and in relation to the character of the forms of conduct such programmes have sought to shape in the populations they act upon. Mechanisms characteristic of such neo-liberal forms of government are those associated with the welfare state and include cultural programmes. Analysis of governmental programmes using such conceptual tools allows us to interpret problems of modern social democratic government less in terms of oppositions between structure and agency and more in terms of the strategies and techniques of government which shape the activities of citizens. Thus, the thesis will approach the field of cultural management not as a field of monolithic decision making but as a domain in which there are a multiplicity of power effects, knowledges, and tactics, which react to, or are based upon, the management of the population through culture. The thesis consists of two sections. Section one serves primarily to establish a set of historical and theoretical co-ordinates on which the more detailed historical work of the thesis in section two will be based. We conclude by emphasising the necessity for the continuation of a mix of policy frameworks in the construction of the relations between art, government and citizenship which will encompass a focus on diverse and sometimes competing policy goals.
28
Hill, Katie. "On relocating contemporary Chinese art". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401481.
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Pan, Wen. "The Chinese outbound tourist market to Australia : strategies of Australian tourism product suppliers into the Chinese market". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1999. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36331/1/36331_Pan_1999.pdf.
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Understanding the Chinese tourism market to Australia is important for managers
of Australian tourism product suppliers, marketing practitioners and academics,
when China is an emerging market to Australia. This research examines
contemporary issues in the Australian tourism product suppliers tapping into the
Chinese tourism market. The research problem in this thesis is:
How do Australian tourism product suppliers develop their strategies into the
Chinese outbound tourism market?
A case study methodology was applied in this research by interviewing the major
players of Australian tourism product suppliers. The iterative research design
was applied in this research due to the lack of previous research. Data from indepth
interviews with key senior managers from case studies is analysed by
within-case and cross-case analysis. From the findings, it is evident that
cun-ently it is still at the early stage to talk about the Chinese outbound tourism
market to Australia, because Australia was granted Approved Destination Status
by the Chinese government on 22 April 1999. Nevertheless, the characteristics
of Chinese travel patterns, the characteristics of Chinese tourists to Australia, the
problems that the Australian tourism product suppliers of Australia have met and
their strategies to solve these problems are investigated based on the previous
experience of the Australian tourism product suppliers dealing with the Chinese
tourism market.
The major contribution of this research is the development of the understanding
of the Chinese tourism market integrating all the detailed findings of the three
research issues to answer the research problem in this research. The thesis also
suggests the possible theoretical and practical ways for Australian tourism
product suppliers to develop their strategies into the Chinese tourism market.
30
Jin, Kai. "Cardiovascular health among Chinese immigrants in Australia". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/19605.
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Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a major health issue for immigrants in Western countries. However, little is known about cardiovascular health among Chinese immigrants, the largest non-English speaking group in Australia. This thesis aims to explore cardiovascular risk among Chinese immigrants. Firstly, the incidence of CHD and outcome after first CHD diagnosis was determined through systematic review and meta-analysis. Secondly, survey data from the 45 and Up Study examined prevalence of CHD and risk factors among Chinese immigrants compared to other Australians, and acculturation effects on their cardiovascular risk. Finally, a family-centred descriptive, qualitative study explored socio-ecological influences on Chinese immigrants’ engagement with CHD prevention. The systematic review and meta-analysis found Chinese immigrants in Western countries had lower CHD incidence compared with Whites (OR=0.29; P<0.001), yet had higher short-term mortality after CHD events compared with Whites (OR=1.34; P<0.05). The 45 and Up Study data showed higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among Chinese Australians, including higher prevalence of current smoking, physical inactivity and diabetes and worse cardiovascular risk profiles. Those who migrated as either a child or adolescent were particularly at risk for diabetes and overweight/obesity. The qualitative findings identified important barriers and facilitators for effective CHD prevention and care among Chinese immigrants. Barriers included individual factors such as health knowledge deficits, widespread non-adherence to primary prevention medication and low English proficiency. The cardiovascular health of Chinese immigrants is influenced by complex individual, environmental and contextual exposure during their life course, both in their country of origin and in their new country. This thesis identifies important gaps in CHD prevention and calls for culturally-specific preventive programs.
31
Li, Vivian Yan. "Art negotiations : Chinese international art exhibitions in the 1930s". Connect to resource, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1209143379.
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Schilo, Ann. "Folk art in Australia: A discursive analysis". Thesis, Schilo, Ann (1993) Folk art in Australia: A discursive analysis. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1993. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/52760/.
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Informed by the writings of Michel Foucault, this thesis investigates the discourse on folk art in Australia. Emphasis is placed on exploring the recent emergence of a body of statements that contribute to its Australian specificity.
This thesis considers the various discursive strategies that construct the domain of folk art in this country, including the contribution played by overseas folkloric studies in establishing the field. By using a framework operating under the principle of distance and immediacy, the processes of production and dissemination of cultural goods are examined to reveal how material folk culture is located as a peripheral artistic practice. In this regard, the systems of exclusion that operate within high art discourses to define and marginalise women's artistic practice are surveyed as a concomitant discursive domain.
A study of makeshift furniture is undertaken to elucidate how these strategies combined with processes of connoisseurship are involved in constructing the domain of Australian folk art and the appraisal of its cultural value. In the final analysis, attention is given to the subject of aesthetics and the appreciation of folk art.
33
Vernon, Kay. "Searching for the surreal in Australian modernism". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1999. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28545.
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[Surrealism] changed the face of art. Everything has changed. (James Gleeson)
A pervasive modern sensibility
This study adopts several approaches to surrealist practices in Australia. The
first is an historiographical one, in which I map surrealism's (re)presentafion
in Australian art historical texts. Second, I identify the emergence of
surrealism in modernist discourses in Australia, including mass media and
popular culture. I then contextualise surrealism in an epistemology of
privileged subjectivity in Australia, in which an understanding of Freud,
Jung, theosophy and Bergson are seen to inflect the apprehension of
surrealism. As psychoanalysis in particular is so crucial to an understanding
of surrealism, I have attempted to identify those ideas of Freud active in its
construction. In addition, I have included reference to Jacques Lacan, whose
ideas were constituted in the psychoanalysis of Freud and initiated in the
surrealist milieu. I have also drawn on the discourses of rhetoric to unpack
the surreal in Australian landscape practices in the 19405. And as surrealism
developed in Melbourne, particularly, against a background of various
claims on the left, I have situated it also in marxist discourses.
Over the past two decades in art historical texts, surrealism has been
recuperated as crucial to the construction of a legitimate Australian
modernism. These arguments have been rehearsed thoroughly in the review
of the literature in Chapter I. The explanation for this resurgence can be
attributed partly to the emergence in art history, as in other academic
disciplines, of theoretical concerns active also in surrealism, particularly
psychoanalysis and marxism. But there are still gaps in this recuperative
project which this study will attempt to address. First, with few exceptions
in the texts I draw on in the review of the literature in Chapter 1, surrealism
is represented as having emerged in Australian visual art practices at the end
of the 19305 and continuing into 1940s. But as this study will show
surrealism, like the latent signifier in the 'return of the repressed', insisted in
signifying practices in Australia during the 19303, particularly through mass
media and popular discourses. Surrealism as a contemporary European style
or tendency became available initially through imported reproductions and
in publications, such as Minotaure and Herbert Read's Art Now and in local
magazines such as Stream and Manuscripts. As the decade progressed
surrealist imagery was appropriated increasingly as the latest modern style
for photographs and advertisements in such popular Australian magazines
as The Home and Man and also Art in Australia.
34
Ng, King Hung, e res cand@acu edu au. "Exploring Pastoral Leadership in the Context of an Australian Chinese Congregational Church". Australian Catholic University. __, 2006. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp146.280806.
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The study is an exploration of pastoral leadership from the perspectives of members of the congregation within an Australian Chinese congregational church. The congregational form of church government is one of the governing structures within the Protestant churches. This kind of church operates under a democratic voting system in which each member of the congregation has an equal voice regarding church administration. Most Australian Chinese congregational churches consist of different generations of Chinese Christians. Research indicates that Chinese Australians’ length of residence in Australia is closely linked to their identification with Australian culture. As such, the values, beliefs and attitudes of different generations of Chinese Christians might be different as a result of acculturation. These generational differences will in turn affect the decision making processes of church administration and the approaches to pastoral leadership of the senior pastor. In the past, issues of pastoral leadership have mainly been discussed from theological perspectives. Nowadays, studies of pastoral leadership have been more varied. However, there is still relatively little scholarly empirical research concerning pastoral leadership in a congregational church setting, especially from an intergenerational perspective. In this study, four dimensions of pastoral leadership are identified, namely the personal, organisational, religious and cultural dimensions. The epistemology and theoretical perspective governing the research study is constructionism and interpretivism respectively. Case study has been employed as the methodology. The strategies of data collection include questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, focus groups, direct observation and document analysis. Rich data is analysed by using the framework of Spencer, Ritchie and O’Connor (2003). The findings of the research revealed differing perceptions among different generations of Australian-Chinese Christians about the pastoral leadership of the senior pastor within an Australian Chinese congregational church. Differences in the perceptions about the pastoral leadership of the senior pastor were also found between groups of lay leaders and church members. Results indicated that a variety of leadership approaches were used by church pastors when they were dealing with different generations of Australian-Chinese Christians in the church. The findings identified the personal characteristics of the senior pastor as the most influential factor in the pastor’s leadership effectiveness, with the organisational, religious and cultural factors also perceived to influence the leadership effectiveness of the senior pastor within the research context. The research presents a conceptual framework for the exploration of pastoral leadership which may be useful for further research. This framework draws attention to the four dimensions of pastoral leadership, namely the personal, organisational, religious and cultural dimensions. The research findings suggest that attention given to these dimensions may enhance both the leadership of church pastors and the growth and development of churches in similar contexts.
35
Wear, Eric Otto. "Patterns in the collecting and connoisseurship of Chinese art in Hong Kong and Taiwan". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21734653.
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Ng, Noel. "Chinese Delicacy Centre". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31984125.
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Thesis (M.Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 1998.Includes special report study entitled : Object, phenonmenon, theme in Chinese scholar landscape garden. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.
37
Guo, Xiumei. "Immigrating to and ageing in Australia: Chinese experiences". Thesis, Guo, Xiumei (2005) Immigrating to and ageing in Australia: Chinese experiences. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2005. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/89/.
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Chinese communities, large or small, exist in almost every country in the world. The huge Chinese diaspora has played a big role in the global economy. Those in Australia are no exception. The first significant Chinese immigration to Australia came in the 1850s during the gold rush era. Since then Chinese immigration to Australia has gone through up and down periods. However, only after the diplomatic relationship between Australia and China was established in 1972, did mainland Chinese begin to come to Australia directly from China. Since 1978 when China opened its door to the world and started its economic reform, more and more Chinese students have come to Australia. In particular, after the Tiananmen Square Incident in 1989, a significant number of Chinese became Australian permanent residents and contributed to the fast growth of the established Chinese community in Australia.
This thesis analyses immigration and ageing issues relating to the Australian Chinese community, which is now not only one of the oldest in Australia, but also one of the biggest, and economically, one of the most dynamic communities. It draws a historical and contemporary picture of overseas Chinese in Australia, including the Chinese migrants who remained in this country after the Tiananmen Square Incident. This study developed a model to investigate a wide range of factors that drive population movement between Australia and China. The determining factors include a wide range of push and pull forces that change constantly with the overall political, economic and environmental developments. The research findings claim that the pull, push and enabling factors interact with each other to influence Chinese people's decision to migrate from China to Australia. It becomes apparent that there are certain determinants which can help explain, understand and project this complex process in the future.
This study further proves that Chinese migrants in Australia have made the smooth, but challenging transition between their native and adopted countries. Being involved into the Australian mainstream society, Chinese Australians have achieved economic adaptation and enjoy living in their new country. In addition, Chinese citizens who are studying as international students in Australia are potential skilled migrants and they are likely to apply for migration status after completing their studies. It is believed that Australia continues to be one of the most desired Western migration destinations for Chinese nationals and the magnitude of the Chinese ethnic community in Australia will continue to grow. In the future, the number of elderly Chinese in Australia is likely to increase as the majority of current economically active Chinese intend to retire in Australia and more older Chinese are expected to migrate to Australia for family reunion. As part of the general issues of Australian ageing population, this study attempts to raise the awareness of the challenging life-style of the Chinese elderly in Australia now and future.
This study offers convincing evidence that Chinese immigrants play a vital bridging role in promoting business and trade between Australia and China. Due to China's economic growth, their movement between these two countries will be more frequent. Overall, this study provides important considerations for policy makers and will benefit the broad communities, migrants and policy planners in understanding the model of Chinese immigration into Australia. The insights gained from this study should have important policy implications for a more sustainable way of living not only in Australia, but also in China and other countries with Chinese immigrants.
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Guo, Xiumei. "Immigrating to and ageing in Australia : Chinese experiences /". Guo, Xiumei (2005) Immigrating to and ageing in Australia: Chinese experiences. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2005. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/89/.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Chinese communities, large or small, exist in almost every country in the world. The huge Chinese diaspora has played a big role in the global economy. Those in Australia are no exception. The first significant Chinese immigration to Australia came in the 1850s during the gold rush era. Since then Chinese immigration to Australia has gone through up and down periods. However, only after the diplomatic relationship between Australia and China was established in 1972, did mainland Chinese begin to come to Australia directly from China. Since 1978 when China opened its door to the world and started its economic reform, more and more Chinese students have come to Australia. In particular, after the Tiananmen Square Incident in 1989, a significant number of Chinese became Australian permanent residents and contributed to the fast growth of the established Chinese community in Australia.
This thesis analyses immigration and ageing issues relating to the Australian Chinese community, which is now not only one of the oldest in Australia, but also one of the biggest, and economically, one of the most dynamic communities. It draws a historical and contemporary picture of overseas Chinese in Australia, including the Chinese migrants who remained in this country after the Tiananmen Square Incident. This study developed a model to investigate a wide range of factors that drive population movement between Australia and China. The determining factors include a wide range of push and pull forces that change constantly with the overall political, economic and environmental developments. The research findings claim that the pull, push and enabling factors interact with each other to influence Chinese people's decision to migrate from China to Australia. It becomes apparent that there are certain determinants which can help explain, understand and project this complex process in the future.
This study further proves that Chinese migrants in Australia have made the smooth, but challenging transition between their native and adopted countries. Being involved into the Australian mainstream society, Chinese Australians have achieved economic adaptation and enjoy living in their new country. In addition, Chinese citizens who are studying as international students in Australia are potential skilled migrants and they are likely to apply for migration status after completing their studies. It is believed that Australia continues to be one of the most desired Western migration destinations for Chinese nationals and the magnitude of the Chinese ethnic community in Australia will continue to grow. In the future, the number of elderly Chinese in Australia is likely to increase as the majority of current economically active Chinese intend to retire in Australia and more older Chinese are expected to migrate to Australia for family reunion. As part of the general issues of Australian ageing population, this study attempts to raise the awareness of the challenging life-style of the Chinese elderly in Australia now and future.
This study offers convincing evidence that Chinese immigrants play a vital bridging role in promoting business and trade between Australia and China. Due to China's economic growth, their movement between these two countries will be more frequent. Overall, this study provides important considerations for policy makers and will benefit the broad communities, migrants and policy planners in understanding the model of Chinese immigration into Australia. The insights gained from this study should have important policy implications for a more sustainable way of living not only in Australia, but also in China and other countries with Chinese immigrants.
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Tong, Anne. "Chinese Food in Australia: Diaspora, taste, and affect". Thesis, Department of Gender and Cultural Studies, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18228.
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This thesis examines the political and cultural significance of Chinese food in Australia by considering its specific discourses and representations. It begins by mapping the politicised history of early Chinese food in the 19th century and considers the circumstances underpinning its emergence and later proliferation. Building on cultural studies scholarship about migration and food from Australia and the United States, this thesis examines the interrelated link between migration and the generation of new cultural products. I reframe westernised Chinese food as an innovative and necessary response from the Chinese community. By identifying the adaptable and creative nature of Chinese food (and people), I problematise the belief that westernised Chinese food is “inauthentic” and a complete victim to western supremacy. This thesis indicates how Chinese food is an effective place from which to understand differences, identity, and power. Situating Chinese food in the 21st century, I analyse how notions and tastes for it have changed over time, within the Chinese Australian diaspora and more broadly. With a focus on material examples and auto-ethnography, I examine how intergenerational and cultural differences in the diaspora can influence what we eat and how we eat. Cautious not to undermine the structuring effects of racism and class privilege in food discourses, I consider how whiteness and middle-upper class “tastemakers” shape how we perceive and relate to Chinese food. Finally, this thesis considers the capacities of Chinese food by looking at the visceral feelings and affects it can produce. I examine how commensality (eating together) can help encourage new ways of thinking, feeling, sharing, and relating. Ultimately, this thesis moves toward a view of Chinese food that embraces multiplicities and variance, as opposed to singularities and tradition.
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Lok, Susan Pui San. "A-Y of 'British Chinese' art". Thesis, University of East London, 2004. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/1291/.
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A-Y of 'British Chinese' Art takes as a point of departure the work of Lesley Sanderson, and her positionings within and between dominant and marginalised 'Black,' 'British, 'Chinese,' and 'Asian' curatorial and discursive frames during the 1980s and 1990s, to consider the politics and impossibily of naming 'British-Chinese-ness'. 'Take Outs' goes on to examine the central narrative of Chinese immigrants in Britain invoked by Anthony Key, Yeu-Lai Mo, and Mayling To, who draw on the motifs and mythologies of the takeaway, and the significations of flags, to engage contemporary discourses around 'Britishness' and 'Chineseness', migration, hybridity, cultural commodification and assimilation. 'Outtakes' looks then at the tactical postures and gestures staged by Sanderson, Mo, Erika Tan and To across a range of works, which deconstruct and play on the consumption of exoticised bodies i , across orientalist visual imagery and narratives, from the anthropological to the comic, the culinary to the cinematic. Whereas much of this work is 'mute', chapter four, 'Translators' Notes, ' begins with a multi-vocal, multi-screened sound and video Installation by Tan, going on to consider the politics and poetics of speaking and translating, the conflation of linguistic competence with cultural and ethnic 'authenticity, ' notions of diaspora and 'home, ' and the inevitability of 'pidgin' languages and cultures. These essays seek to identify various historical and cultural contexts to inform the coincident and divergent aesthetic strategies and thematic concerns of a number of peer practices, among them my own, which is discussed in the final chapter, 'Back Words. ' Attempting to locate myself and my writing/practice obliquely, by proxy, in proximity to others, I begin with the premise that our commonality is underpinned less by an Indubitable, unwavering 'Chineseness' (or for that matter, 'Britishness'), than a desire to subvert such a notion: to assume instead its complex fabrications and ultimate instability.
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Bemrose, Anna. "A servant of art : Robert Helpmann in Australia /". St. Lucia, Qld, 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17332.pdf.
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Sun, Wanning. "Reading the other : narrative constructions of Japan in the Australian and Chinese press /". View thesis, 1996. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030814.112829/index.html.
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Cornell, Christen. "Contemporary Chinese Art and the City: Beijing Art Districts 1989‐2013". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16364.
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As themes in Chinese art since economic reform, space and the environment have been crucial. Many artists have focussed on issues of urbanisation, globalisation, and the radical spatial reorganisation of Chinese society during the reform and post-‐reform era, and many scholars have written about these artists’ spatial concerns. What, however, of these artists’ formative relationship to space itself? What might we learn by going beyond the text and asking how space has produced these artists – and their work – and what places their communities and culturalactivities have produced in turn? This thesis presents an alternative history of the emergence of China’s Contemporary Arts scene, focussing on these artists’ everyday engagements with the rapidly transforming space of Beijing in the years between 1989-‐2013. Drawing on a series of case studies, it traces the emergence of the residential ‘painters’ village’ (huajiacun 画家村) through to the transnationally networked ‘international art district’ (guojiyishuqu 国际艺术区) and state-‐endorsed ‘creative industries precinct’ (chuangyi chanye jujiqu 创意产业聚集区), foregrounding the agency of participant artists within these new socio-‐spatial formations throughout its research. By taking a spatial approach, this analysis identifies modes of political engagement beyond those typically identified within the work of art history. In considering the ways in which these artists worked tactically from within the country’s new spatial disorder, it also seeks to illuminate a politics that is not disruptive, but which capitalises instead upon ambiguity and ambivalence. Such a politics is described with the use of concepts developed across the work of Michel de Certeau and Henri Lefebvre, among other cultural and spatial theorists. The political function of the thesis itself, however, is considered in dialogue with the work of Inter-‐Asia Cultural Studies, and Lawrence Grossberg’s writings on contextual and conjunctural analysis. To this extent, this study is both a history of these artists’ interventions within the disorder of Beijing’s urban change in these years, as well as a reflection on the ways and reasons such a history might be told. While advancing its own interpretation of this particular era, it is also self-conscious about the act of its own interpretation, theoretically addressing the situatedness of different forms of knowledge, the contingency of its own propositions, and the material effects of epistemological work.
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Shorter, Mark Travers. "Variety theatre, performance art and the carnivalesque". Phd thesis, Sydney College of the Arts, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12477.
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Atkinson, Anne. "Chinese labour and capital in Western Australia, 1847-1947". Thesis, Atkinson, Anne (1991) Chinese labour and capital in Western Australia, 1847-1947. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1991. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/5068/.
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Prior to the 1970s historical writing on Chinese immigration and settlement in Australia presented Chinese as passive participants in a white economy. Since the 1970s, writers have changed this perspective and seen Chinese as active participants in the Australian economy. They have achieved this by exploring the economic, social and political relationships of groups within Chinese communities. This thesis examines the establishment, survival and decline of Chinese labour and capital in Western Australia between 1847 and 1947, investigating the economic, social and political relationships of capital and labour both within the Chinese community and between Chinese and white society.
Chinese indentured labour was recruited to serve as a docile, cheap and plentiful labour force for the pastoral, agricultural and pearling industries in the second half of the nineteenth century. Chinese labourers and domestic servants were subjected to official and unofficial controls aimed at creating and preserving a cheap and submissive labour force. This thesis argues that, far from passively accepting this imposed status, Chinese negotiated their position, utilizing strategies ranging from overt resistance to acceptance.
While controls over Chinese indentured labour were designed to maximise productivity, those introduced to govern `free' Chinese immigrants were aimed at limiting productivity. Between 1886 and 1920, legislated restrictions limited the participation of `free' Chinese in the Western Australian economy and confined Chinese business to specific industries which posed the least threat to white labour and capital: market gardening, furniture manufacturing, retail and wholesale trading and laundrywork. Chinese firms were small and labour intensive, and used low level technology. They were generally managed by owner/operators and were characterised by personalised labour relations and minimal division of labour.
Chinese firms were able to survive because they dominated their particular industry or specialist areas within it. They achieved this through adapting traditional skills to suit local conditions. The organisation of labour and personalised managerial practices helped firms retain staff, minimise costs and maximise productivity.
Chinese were active in their responses to controls and restrictions and met with some success, especially with State legislation. However, like Chinese in other States, they were unable to exert any influence over the Commonwealth government's Immigration Restriction Act, 1901. This Act resulted in severe labour shortages in Chinese-owned businesses which made it very difficult for them to continue operating. Without fresh supplies of labour to maintain production in labour intensive industries, it was inevitable that Chinese enterprise would lose its effectiveness in the sectors it was once dominant.
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Wang, Ying. "Analysis of Chinese Tourist Arrivals and Expenditures in Australia". Thesis, Griffith University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367749.
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Inbound tourism demand has been a significant contributor to Australia’s national economy. Subsequently, sustaining this industry is critically important. In the past decade, China has emerged as one of the most significant tourist source countries for Australia. Focused on Chinese holiday travellers to Australia, this study examined the demand in this market, both in terms of tourist arrivals and expenditures. Secondary data on historical holiday arrivals from China to Australia was obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics, and a univariate time series analysis was performed. A comprehensive comparison of the forecasting performance of various forecasting models found that the Winters’ multiplicative exponential technique is the most suitable forecasting method to project future demand for the Chinese holiday market to Australia. The five-year forecasts show that this market will continue to grow in the mid-term future, however, at a decelerating pace and with a clear seasonal pattern.
A questionnaire survey gathered data from 380 Chinese holiday travellers regarding their expenditures and experiences in Australia. On top of the pre-paid package price, Chinese holiday travellers spent considerable amounts of money during the trip, and their expenses have largely flowed into the sectors of duty free shops, restaurants, casinos and night entertainment places. Shopping expenditure was identified as the largest component of Chinese holiday travellers’ expenditure in Australia. Chinese travellers’ total and disaggregated expenditures on various categories of goods and services in Australia were determined by different sets of economic, social demographic and psychological characteristics, which can be used to profile high yield segments in this market. With respect to travellers’ total expenditure, a number of variables were found to differentiate high spending travellers from low spending travellers, including income, age, place of residence, travel party size, length of stay, and visitation to destination(s) other than Australia.
Several issues were identified in relation to Chinese travellers’ perception of, and satisfaction with Australia as a tourist destination. Destination attributes related to shopping, accessibility, entertainment/nightlife, museums/art galleries and language were areas where Australia underperformed on perception. In addition, “food”, “shopping” and “tour itinerary” were identified as sources of dissatisfaction. There were also gaps between travellers’ pre- and post-trip perceptions of Australia in various destination attributes. These need to be dealt with immediately to avoid an adverse impact on the future demand in this market.
The time series analysis of tourist arrivals and cross-sectional examination of expenditure together provided a comprehensive investigation into the holiday travel demand from China to Australia, resulting in a number of practical implications for Australia in relation to destination planning, management and marketing. A number of directions for future research were suggested, such as examining the role of psychological characteristics in determining travel expenditure, further testing the relationship between expenditure and satisfaction, and using other forecasting techniques.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Hospitality, Sports and Leisure
Griffith Business School
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Wang, Xuan. "Gallery's Role in Contemporary Chinese Art Market". The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1258577100.
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Zhang, Tieyi. "The first generation of Chinese art song". Diss., University of Iowa, 2019. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6900.
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Chiu, Melissa. "Transexperience and Chinese experimental art, 1990-2000". View thesis, 2003. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20050615.104323/index.html.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Western Sydney, 2003."A thesis submitted in full completion of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Department of Cultural Histories and Futures, University of Western Sydney" Includes bibliography.
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Chow, Wan-king Janice. "Urban villa for Chinese folk arts and crafts". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31986390.
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Thesis (M.Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 2002.Includes 1 technical study and 1 special report. Content page of thesis report missing. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.