Bibliografias temáticas / Characterisation

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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Characterisation"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 20 de julho de 2024

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Characterisation"

Normann, Dag, Erik Palmgren e Viggo Stoltenberg-Hansen. "Hyperfinite type structures". Journal of Symbolic Logic 64, n.º 3 (setembro de 1999): 1216–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2586626.

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The notion of a hyperfinite set comes from nonstandard analysis. Such a set has the internal cardinality of a nonstandard natural number. By a transfer principle such sets share many properties of finite sets. Here we apply this notion to give a hyperfinite model of the Kleene-Kreisel continuous functionals. We also extend the method to provide a hyperfinite characterisation of certain transfinite type structures, thus, through the work of Waagbø [14], constructing a hyperfinite model for Martin-Löf type theory.This kind of application is not new. Normann [6] gave a characterisation of the Kleene-Kreisel continuous functionals using ‘hyperfinitary’ functionals. The novelty here is that we use a constructive version of hyperfinite functionals and also generalise the method to transfinite types. Many of the results of this paper are constructive, though not the characterisation theorems themselves.Our characterisation of the Kleene-Kreisel continuous functionals is a supplement to a number of previous characterisations of topological and recursion-theoretical nature, see [6] for a brief survey. Altogether these characterisations show that the original concept of Kleene and Kreisel forms the correct mathematical model of the idea of finitely based functions of finite types.There is, however, no a priori reason to believe that there is a canonical way to extend the continuous functionals to cover transfinite objects of transfinite type used in, e.g., type theory. Our characterisation of Waagbø's model indicates that the model is natural, not only seen from domain theory but from a higher perspective. Normann and Waagbø (unpublished) have subsequently obtained a limit-space characterisation that further supports this view.

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Kochenash, Michael. "Reframing Julius’ Kindness (Acts 27) as an Extension of Luke's Socratic Characterisation of Paul". New Testament Studies 67, n.º 1 (15 de dezembro de 2020): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0028688520000284.

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The Acts narrative's characterisation of Julius evokes the circumstances of Socrates, specifically the end of his life, at which point his prison guard – who exhibits a fondness for Socrates – allows his friends to visit and care for him. The credibility of this reading is strengthened by situating Acts 27 amid other Socratic characterisations of Paul in Acts 17–26, 28. By understanding Julius’ characterisation in this way, readers can regard Paul as a Socratic figure even during his sea voyage and shipwreck. This reading is more credible than others that attribute the characterisation of Julius to the narrative's positive disposition towards centurions.

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Stroethoff, Karel. "The Bloch space and Besov spaces of analytic functions". Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 54, n.º 2 (outubro de 1996): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0004972700017676.

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We shall give an elementary proof of a characterisation for the Bloch space due to Holland and Walsh, and obtain analogous characterisations for the little Bloch space and Besov spaces of analytic functions on the unit disk in the complex plane.

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Mazari, Idriss, Grégoire Nadin e Ana Isis Toledo Marrero. "Optimisation of the total population size with respect to the initial condition for semilinear parabolic equations: two-scale expansions and symmetrisations". Nonlinearity 34, n.º 11 (27 de setembro de 2021): 7510–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6544/ac23b9.

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Abstract In this article, we propose in-depth analysis and characterisation of the optimisers of the following optimisation problem: how to choose the initial condition u 0 in order to maximise the spatial integral at a given time of the solution of the semilinear equation u t −Δu = f(u), under L ∞ and L 1 constraints on u 0? Our contribution in the present paper is to give a characterisation of the behaviour of the optimiser u ¯ 0 when it does not saturate the L ∞ constraints, which is a key step in implementing efficient numerical algorithms. We give such a characterisation under mild regularity assumptions by proving that in that case u ¯ 0 can only take values in the ‘zone of concavity’ of f. This is done using two-scale asymptotic expansions. We then show how well-known isoperimetric inequalities yield a full characterisation of maximisers when f is convex. Finally, we provide several numerical simulations in one and two dimensions that illustrate and exemplify the fact that such characterisations significantly improve the computational time. All our theoretical results are in the one-dimensional case and we offer several comments about possible generalisations to other contexts, or obstructions that may prohibit doing so.

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Jawhari, Fatima Zahra, Hamada Imtara, Nabil Radouane, Abdelfattah El Moussaoui, Imane Es-safi, Amal Amaghnouje, Mashail N. AlZain et al. "Phytochemical, Morphological and Genetic Characterisation of Anacyclus pyrethrum var. depressus (Ball.) Maire and Anacyclus pyrethrum var. pyrethrum (L.) Link". Molecules 28, n.º 14 (13 de julho de 2023): 5378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28145378.

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The present study is based on a multidisciplinary approach carried out for the first time on Anacyclus pyrethrum var. pyrethrum and Anacyclus pyrethrum var. depressus, two varieties from the endemic and endangered medicinal species listed in the IUCN red list, Anacyclus pyrethrum (L.) Link. Therefore, morphological, phytochemical, and genetic characterisations were carried out in the present work. Morphological characterisation was established based on 23 qualitative and quantitative characters describing the vegetative and floral parts. The phytochemical compounds were determined by UHPLC. Genetic characterisation of extracted DNA was subjected to PCR using two sets of universal primers, rbcL a-f/rbcL a-R and rpocL1-2/rpocL1-4, followed by sequencing analysis using the Sanger method. The results revealed a significant difference between the two varieties studied. Furthermore, phytochemical analysis of the studied extracts revealed a quantitative and qualitative variation in the chemical profile, as well as the presence of interesting compounds, including new compounds that have never been reported in A. pyrethrum. The phylogenetic analysis of the DNA sequences indicated a similarity percentage of 91%. Based on the morphological characterisation and congruence with the phytochemical characterisation and molecular data, we can confirm that A. pyrethrum var. pyrethrum and A. pyrethrum var. depressus represent two different taxa.

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HO, WENG KIN. "Characterising E-projectives via Comonads". Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 27, n.º 4 (12 de maio de 2015): 491–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129515000183.

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This paper demonstrates the usefulness of a comonadic approach to give previously unknown characterisation of projective objects in certain categories over particular subclasses of epimorphisms. This approach is a simple adaptation of a powerful technique due to Escardó which has been used extensively to characterise injective spaces and locales over various kinds of embeddings, but never previously for projective structures. Using some examples, we advertise the versatility of this approach – in particular, highlighting its advantage over existing methods on characterisation of projectives, which is that the comonadic machinery forces upon us the structural properties of projectives without relying on extraneous characterisations of the underlying object of the coalgebra arising from the comonad.

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Asllani, Besar, Dominique Planson, Pascal Bevilacqua, Jean Baptiste Fonder, Beverley Choucoutou, Hervé Morel e Luong Viet Phung. "Advanced Electrical Characterisation of High Voltage 4H-SiC PiN Diodes". Materials Science Forum 963 (julho de 2019): 567–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.963.567.

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This paper reports the design, the processing, the static characterisation, the switching behaviour and the high current stress test of 10 kV aimed 4H-SiC bipolar diodes. The actual breakdown voltage of the selected devices is between 7 kV and 8 kV. The switching characterisations show a good behaviour with a trr of only 90 ns. No degradation was observed after the application of 10 000 high current pulses during the stress tests.

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Rodriguez Alonso, C., A. Quijano, E. Vallejo Ortega, A. Huovila, T. Molteni, E. Croci e I. Urkola. "Supporting urban decision-making processes through supply-side technologies characterisation". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2600, n.º 8 (1 de novembro de 2023): 082035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2600/8/082035.

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Abstract The MAtchUP project (Maximizing the Upscaling and replication potential of high level urban transformation strategies) developed an urban transformation methodology for sustainable city planning, based on demand-side and supply-side characterisations. The supply-side characterisation is based on the Smart City Technology Packages (SCTP), which are groups of solutions from those demonstrated in the Lighthouse cities of the Project, selected based on their replication potential and with the aim to maximise the impact of MAtchUP actions. The SCTPs are organised in the three main pillars of energy, mobility and ICT (information and communication technologies), and its characterisation includes three main fields: a general description (including reasons for implementing the technologies, barriers and benefits), operational model (analysing business models’ archetype, cost structure and financial model), and impact assessment (in the fields of environment, economy and social). Such characterisation is done under common criteria, which allows comparisons among SCTPs. The supply-side methodology included also a PESTEL (political, economic, social, technological, environmental, legal) analysis done by each city in order to evaluate the viability of each SCTP under those circumstances of the city, to finally obtain the most suitable set of solutions to implement.

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Sun, Dawei. "Study on the Relationship between Actors' Personal Style and Characterisation". Journal of Education and Educational Research 6, n.º 2 (10 de dezembro de 2023): 158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/jeer.v6i2.14982.

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This study focuses on the relationship between actors' personal style and characterisation. Firstly, the background, purpose and significance of the study are introduced. Secondly, the influence of actors' personal style on characterisation is explored, including the concept and characteristics of actors' personal style, and the relationship between actors' personal style and character selection and performance. Then, the shaping of actors' personal style by characterisation is explored, including the concept and methods of characterisation, as well as the influence and development of characterisation on actors' personal style. Finally, the interaction between actors' personal style and characterisation is investigated, including the interaction effect, analysis of common characteristics and exploration of optimisation strategies. Finally, it is concluded that there is a close relationship between actors' personal style and characterisation. Actor's personal style has an influence on characterisation, while characterisation can also adjust and develop actor's personal style. Through the study of actors' personal style and characterisation, we can better understand the art of actors' performance, optimise actors' performance style, and improve the quality and viewability of performance. This study is of great theoretical and practical significance for a deeper understanding of the relationship between actors' personal style and characterisation.

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Olteanu, Emilia, e Constantin Drghici. "The Synthesis of N-nitroso bis (1ab,2a,7a,7ab-tetrahydro-1b-methylene-2,7-methano-1H-cyclopropa[b]naphthalene) amine". Revista de Chimie 59, n.º 1 (9 de fevereiro de 2008): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.08.1.1705.

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The synthesis and the spectral characterisation of N-nitroso bis(1ab, 2a,7a,7ab-tetrahydro- 1b-methylene- 2,7-methano-1H-cyclopropa[b]naphtalene)amine(1) is reported. Also, the syntheses and the spectral characterisations of the following intermediates: N-(1ab, 2a,7a,7ab-tetrahydro-2,7-methano-1H cyclopropa[b]naphthalene-1b-methylene-1ab, 2b, 7b, 7ab-tetrahydro-2,7-methano-1H-cyclopropa[b] naphtalene-1b-carbinylamine (4) and N-Bis(1ab, 2a,7a,7ab-Tetrahydro-1b-methylene- 2,7-methano-1H-cyclopropa[b]naphtalene)amine(5) are reported.

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Mais fontes

Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Characterisation"

Hecker, Richard. "The characterisation of polyacrylamide flocculants". Thesis, Curtin University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2010.

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Polyacrylamide is widely used as a flocculant but the influence of the molecular mass distribution upon flocculant activity is poorly understood. This thesis outlines the successful characterisation of ultrahigh molecular mass polyacrylamide solutions in terms of discrete solvated polymer coils and coil agglomerates. These features were correlated with the observed flocculation, demonstrating a number of solution state features required to improve flocculation activity.Aqueous solutions of polyacrylamide exhibit time-dependant behaviour affecting viscosity and polymer agglomeration. Improving the solvation of the polymer suppressed the agglomerates, as did manipulation of hydrogen bonding through the presence of salts. Limiting agglomeration through improved solvation apparently lowers a barrier to polymer interaction, such that the coils disperse but become more susceptible to reagglomeration under mild shear. These solvent modifications did not fully suppress the agglomerates.To fractionate polyacrylamide into a molecular mass distribution, flow field-flow fractionation (flow FFF) was chosen, coupled to a multi-angle laser light scattering (MALLS) photometer and a differential refractometer for molecular mass and concentration sensitive detection, respectively. For the first time, the analysis of high molecular mass polyacrylamides in water using the flow FFF-MALLS technique has been reported. However, a number of difficulties needed to be overcome, including shear artefacts, sample agglomeration and polymer-membrane interactions.Both polyacrylamide standards and commercial flocculants were amenable to the technique. Commercial flocculants were found to vary not only with regard to viscosity and mean molecular mass, but also with sub- and supramicron size agglomerates. The flow FFF technique is size-sensitive, which for some low molecular mass samples displayed an unusually wide elution profile, in apparent conflict with the molecular mass sensitive MALLS detector. It was concluded that polyacrylamide in solution exists simultaneously in three states: discrete polymer coils, entanglements of a several coils, and agglomerates with supramicron diameters.This thesis concluded with a comparison between the characterised polyacrylamides and observed flocculation activity on a standard kaolin substrate. Results show polymer with supramicron agglomerates produce the largest and most shear-resistant kaolin aggregates with a definite optimum agitation intensity. Higher molecular mass flocculants with less agglomeration bind fine particles under more gentle conditions but are deficient under increasing stress. Flocculants exhibiting coil entanglements showed poor activity and formed only small aggregates. A modified flocculation mechanism was proposed, in which supramicron polymer agglomerates play a critical role.

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Smith, David P. "Characterisation of peracids". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272276.

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Hecker, Richard. "The characterisation of polyacrylamide flocculants". Curtin University of Technology, School of Applied Chemistry, 1998. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=10745.

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Polyacrylamide is widely used as a flocculant but the influence of the molecular mass distribution upon flocculant activity is poorly understood. This thesis outlines the successful characterisation of ultrahigh molecular mass polyacrylamide solutions in terms of discrete solvated polymer coils and coil agglomerates. These features were correlated with the observed flocculation, demonstrating a number of solution state features required to improve flocculation activity.Aqueous solutions of polyacrylamide exhibit time-dependant behaviour affecting viscosity and polymer agglomeration. Improving the solvation of the polymer suppressed the agglomerates, as did manipulation of hydrogen bonding through the presence of salts. Limiting agglomeration through improved solvation apparently lowers a barrier to polymer interaction, such that the coils disperse but become more susceptible to reagglomeration under mild shear. These solvent modifications did not fully suppress the agglomerates.To fractionate polyacrylamide into a molecular mass distribution, flow field-flow fractionation (flow FFF) was chosen, coupled to a multi-angle laser light scattering (MALLS) photometer and a differential refractometer for molecular mass and concentration sensitive detection, respectively. For the first time, the analysis of high molecular mass polyacrylamides in water using the flow FFF-MALLS technique has been reported. However, a number of difficulties needed to be overcome, including shear artefacts, sample agglomeration and polymer-membrane interactions.Both polyacrylamide standards and commercial flocculants were amenable to the technique. Commercial flocculants were found to vary not only with regard to viscosity and mean molecular mass, but also with sub- and supramicron size agglomerates. The flow FFF technique is size-sensitive, which for some low molecular mass samples displayed an ++
unusually wide elution profile, in apparent conflict with the molecular mass sensitive MALLS detector. It was concluded that polyacrylamide in solution exists simultaneously in three states: discrete polymer coils, entanglements of a several coils, and agglomerates with supramicron diameters.This thesis concluded with a comparison between the characterised polyacrylamides and observed flocculation activity on a standard kaolin substrate. Results show polymer with supramicron agglomerates produce the largest and most shear-resistant kaolin aggregates with a definite optimum agitation intensity. Higher molecular mass flocculants with less agglomeration bind fine particles under more gentle conditions but are deficient under increasing stress. Flocculants exhibiting coil entanglements showed poor activity and formed only small aggregates. A modified flocculation mechanism was proposed, in which supramicron polymer agglomerates play a critical role.

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Anderberg, Cecilia. "Characterisation and function of cylinder liner surfaces". Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-1340.

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The demands on decreased environmental impact from vehicles force the automotive industry to develop engines with reduced engine oil and fuel consumption. Engine oil consumption is recognized to be a significant source of pollutant emissions. Unburned or partially burned oil in the exhaust gases contribute directly to hydrocarbon and particulate emissions. Engine oil and fuel consumption are to a great extend controlled by the topography of the cylinder liner surface.

Recent engine tests have shown a promising reduction in oil consumption when using cylinder liners with a smoother finish than the current plateau honing.

One approach to produce smoother liner surfaces is to replace SiC ceramic honing stones with diamond tools. However, event though the diamond honing process results in higher productivity, improved demands of quality control is needed to monitor the degree of cold worked material - “blechmantel” (German), and the resulting risk of increased wear and scuffing.

A number of petrol and diesel engine cylinder liners have been mapped to be able to verify the quality and consequences, in terms of wear and function, of the honing process. A new mapping method, combining SEM images and quantitative image analysis with traditional 2D profilometry has been developed and tested in this study. The liners where tested in a reciprocating rig of 8 mm stroke and with a frequency of 10 Hz, simulating the top-dead center conditions in a running engine.

The tests where carried out in high- and low pressure conditions with smooth respectively rough liner roughnesses against PVD coated piston rings. The developed surface mapping method was employed before and after the test to study effect of running-in wear on the surface, features characterized with the SEM- and the 2D profilometer.

The results show that combining SEM- and profilometric methods gives a good picture of the effects of varying the cylinder liner pressure and roughness. The roughness of the core decreases more for diesel liners than for petrol liners. In average (rough and smooth liners) the diesel core roughness decreases 265% while the petrol liners average on a 60% decrease. Blechmantel- and Irregularities ratio show a high sensitivity to varying conditions and decrease 1180% to 100% for the diesel liners while the parameters increase between 106% to 18% for all the petrol liners. A probable cause is the more severe diesel high pressure run-in conditions are able to effectively “truncate” the plateaux and remove residing plastically deformed un-cut honing residues while the less severe petrol liner conditions not manage to remove the blechmantel and irregularities in an important extent.

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Campanera, Alsina Josep Maria. "Theoretical characterisation of metallofullerenes". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9071.

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INFORME FINAL
"Alguns importants descobriments de la ciència són accidentals. Això fou, certament, el cas del ful·lerè C60. Quan ara fa quatre anys, l'any 2000, vaig iniciar el treball d'investigació sobre els metal·loful·lerens m'havien arribat veus de la importància mediàtica d'aquestes noves estructures però no de la intensa història del seu descobriment. Aquesta m'ha fascinat. Sobretot quan l'any 2003 vaig tenir la possibilitat de fer una estada al grup del professor Kroto de la universitat de Sussex (Gran Bretanya). Llavors els textos, sorprenents però inerts, que havia llegit sobre la història del descobriment dels ful·lerens prenien forma en espais coneguts i personatges propers". Aquest és el prefaci de la meva tesi. Segurament aquesta estada a Sussex al grup d'un dels descobridors dels ful·lerens ha estat el moment més entranyable en aquesta carrera científica per l'estudi dels metal·loful·lerens.
A partir de la síntesi de la molècula de C60 en quantitats apreciables la química dels ful·lerens en general, i en particular amb metalls de transició, ha experimentat un increment espectacular. L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi és l'estudi de l'estructura i la reactivitat de diferents derivats organometàl·lics de ful·lerens o metal·loful·lerens. El treball d'investigació usa les eines de la química computacional (Teoria del funcional de la densitat, DFT) per tal de modelar els metal·loful·lerens més interessants apareguts entre el 1999 i el 2005. Tot i que els metal·loful·lerens presenten una varietat d'estructures formidable, podem classificar-los en tres grans famílies des del punt de vista estructural: un primer grup són els metal·loful·lerens exoèdrics on els metalls es situen fora de la caixa, en un segon grup tenim els metal·loful·lerens heteroèdrics o heteroful·lerens on les caixes de carbonis han estat dopades (certes posicions han estat substituïdes) amb altres elements com ara: N, B, Si, Fe i altres metalls i finalment l'últim grup són els metal·loful·lerens endoèdrics on la derivatització metàl·lica es dóna a l'interior de la caixa. Així l'estudi teòric dels compostos més novedosos i novells de cadascuna de les tres famílies de metal·loful·lerens és el puntal de la present tesi doctoral. Per cadascuna de les famílies hem desgranat l'estructura electrònica i geomètrica, hem descrit el tipus d'enllaç metall-ful·lerè, hem avaluat els factors que intervenen en l'estabilitat relativa dels possibles isòmers, hem també predit la reactivitat davant de reaccions d'addició i finalment els hem caracteritzat des d'un punt de vista físic (càlcul del potencial d'ionització i afinitat electrònica). L'estructura electrònica ens ha permès seleccionar quins metal·loful·lerens endoèdrics seran estables avançant-nos als experimentalistes en la seva cerca de nous complexos. La diversitat de tipologies d'enllaç ha sigut tant gran com famílies de metal·loful·lerens. Hem descrit un enllaç iònic pels metal·loful·lerens endoèdrics, un enllaç covalent en el cas dels metal·loful·lerens heteroèdrics i un enllaç coordinatiu pels metal·loful·lerens exoèdrics. Hem aplicat noves metodologies per l'estudi de l'isomerisme. Les tècniques d'anàlisi multivariant de dades ens han permès esbrinar quins factors són importants per l'estabilitat relativa dels isòmers i a la vegada construir models de predicció per altres isòmers. Així doncs, l'acoblament de la química teòrica i la quimiometria ha estat sens dubte l'aportació més rellevant del present treball d'investigació.

Tarragona, 28 de novembre de 2004
Josep Maria Campanera Alsina

FINAL REPORT

The characterisation of the most novel metallofullerenes up to 2004 has been theoretically and systematically discussed in this study. From the structural point of view, metallofullerenes can be divided into three main groups, all of which have been discussed in this study: endohedral, heterohedral and exohedral metallofullerenes. The main families of compounds studied are Sc3-nMnN@Ck (n = 0-3, M = Y, La; k = 68, 78, 80) (endohedral), CxMn (x = 56, 57, 58, 59; M = Pt, Ir, Os; n = 1, 2) (heterohedral) and (-Ck){M(PH3)2}n (k = 60, 70, 84; M = Pt, Pd, Ni; n = 1, 2, 4, 6) (exohedral). The present study is a step forward in our knowledge of each of these families of compounds, and in particular, in our understanding of the metal-carbon bond, isomerism and reactivity. The DFT method proved to be an excellent computational tool for providing good geometries, for solving the intricacies of the different metal-carbon bonds, for producing experimental data (ionization potentials and electron affinities) and also for making predictions about isomerism stability and reactivity. The principal conclusions drawn about the species studied here are:
Different types of structures, different types of metal-carbon bonds. The metal units in each family of compounds are located differently in relation to the fullerene carbon framework: inside the cage, within the carbon framework and outside the cage. The encapsulation of a trimetallic nitride template unit (TNT, Sc3-nMnN; n = 0-3; M = Y, La) inside the carbon cage to produce TNT endohedral metallofullerenes is explained by an ionic pair (cage-metal) model in which the TNT unit formally transfers six electrons to the cage. On the other hand, in heterohedral metallofullerenes, metals establish a covalent metal-carbon bond without causing oxidation to the metal. Finally, the (MPH3)2 metal units situated exohedrally to the fullerene are only coordinated in a  mode to the CC bond.
Chemometric tools applied to isomerism studies. The regioisomers of heterohedral metallofullerenes are numerous: for example, the stoichiometry C57Pt2 has 47 distinct regioisomers. Thus, chemometric techniques which can manage considerable amounts of data must be used if we want to understand regioisomerism in heterohedral metallofullerenes. These tools have also been very useful for drawing conclusions from the considerable quantities of data provided by the factors which affect the stability of regioisomers. These tools have been used not only for analysing data but also for predicting the stability of other heterofullerenes.
TNT encapsulation stabilizes fullerene isomers that are not available as free fullerenes. TNT endohedral metallofullerenes are formed by the encapsulation of a metallic nitride template inside the following cages: D3-C68:6140, D3h'-C78:5, D5h-C80:6 and Ih-C80:7. Any of these cages have never been detected experimentally.So, endohedral metallofullerenes can make non-classical fullerene isomers available for study. Furthermore, on the basis of the electronic structure we predicted that no other IPR fullerenes between C60 and C84 will be capable of encapsulating a TNT unit, apart from the fullerene isomers that are already known.
Stability of the carbon skeleton is the principal factor that determines the regioisomer stability of the heterofullerenes. Metal atoms occupy neighbouring positions in the most stable structures of C57Pt2 and C56Pt2. Metal substitution deforms the carbon framework and partially destroys the fullerene aromaticity. This is the key factor in determining the stability of these disubstituted clusters. Indeed, it is much easier to make a big hole that permits the incorporation of two Pt atoms in the carbon cage than two smaller holes in two opposite sites of the fullerene.
Prediction of the exohedral reactivity taking into account the full characterization of the different CC bond types. We first performed a full characterization of all CC bond types of the fullerenes Ih-C60:1, D3-C68:6140, D5h-C70:1, D3h'-C78:5, Ih-C80:7, D2-C84:22 and D2d-C84:23. Each CC bond type is characterized by its topology, length, pyramidalization angle and Mayer bond order. This systematization enabled us to identify which sites were most reactive to a nucleophilic addition to free fullerenes or a [4 + 2] cycloaddition to TNT endohedral metallofullerenes.

Tarragona, 8th Novembre 2004
Josep Maria Campanera Alsina

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Strasser, Stefan. "Nanotechnological Characterisation of Biomaterials". Diss., lmu, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-78763.

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Hedlund, Joel. "Bioinformatic protein family characterisation". Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Bioinformatik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-61754.

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Biological research is necessary; not only to further our understanding of the processes of life, but also to combat disease, hunger and environmental damage. Bioinformatics is the science of handling biological information. It entails integrating, structuring and analysing the ever-increasing amounts of available biological data. In practise it means using computers to analyse huge amounts of very complicated data taken from a field that is only partially understood, to see the hidden trends and connections, and to draw useful conclusions. My thesis work has mainly concerned the study of protein families, which are groups of evolutionarily related proteins. I have analysed known protein families and created predictive models for them, and developed algorithms for defining new protein families. My principal techniques have been sequence alignments and hidden Markov models (HMM). To aid my work, I have written a lot of software, including MSAView, a visualiser for multiple sequence alignments (MSA). In this thesis, the protein family of inorganic pyrophosphatases (H+-PPases) is studied, as well as the two protein superfamilies BRICHOS and MDR (medium-chain dehydrogenases/reductases). The H+-PPases are tightly membrane bound, proton pumping, dimeric enzymes with ~700-residue subunits and found in bacteria, plants and eukaryotic parasites, and which use pyrophosphate as an alternative to ATP. The BRICHOS superfamily is only present in higher eukaryotes, but encompasses at least 8 protein families with a wide range of functions and disease associations, such as respiratory distress syndrome, dementia and cancer. The sequences are typically ~200 residues with even shorter functional forms. Finally, MDR, is a large and complex protein superfamily; it currently has over 16000 members, it is present in all kingdoms of life, the pairwise sequence identity is typically around 25 %, the chain lengths vary as does the oligomericity, and the members are partaking in a multitude of biological processes. The member families include the classical liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), quinone reductase, leukotriene B4 dehydrogenase, and many more forms. There are at least 25 human MDR genes excluding close homologues. There are HMMs available for detecting MDR superfamily membership, but none for the individual families. For the H+-PPase family, we characterised member sequences found using an HMM of a conserved 57-residue region thought to form part of the active site. This region was found to contain two highly conserved nonapeptides, mainly consisting of the four “very early” residues Gly, Ala, Val and Asp, compatible with an ancient origin of the family. The two patterns have charged amino acid residues at positions 1, 5 and 9, are apparent binding sites for the substrate and parts of the active site, and were shown to be so specific for these enzymes that they can be used for automated annotation of new sequences. For the BRICHOS superfamily, we were able to find three previously unknown member families; group A, which may be ancestral to the ITM2 families (integral membrane protein 2); group B, which is a close relative to the gastrokine families, and group C, which appears to be a truly novel, disjoint BRICHOS family. The C-terminal region of group C has nearly identical sequences in all species ranging from fish to man and is seemingly unique to this family, indicating critical functional or structural properties. For the MDR superfamily, we characterised and built stable HMMs for 17 member families using an empiric approach. From our experiences we were able to develop an algorithm for automated HMM refinement that uses relationships in data to produce stable and reliable classifiers, and we used it to produce HMMs for 86 distinct MDR families. We have made the program freely available and it can be readily applied to other protein families. We also developed a web site (http://mdr–enzymes.org) that makes our findings directly useful also for non-bioinformaticians. In our analyses of the 86 families, we found that MDR forms with 2 Zn2+ ions in general are dehydrogenases, while MDR forms with no Zn2+ in general are reductases. Furthermore, in Bacteria, MDRs without Zn2+ are more frequent than those with Zn2+, while the opposite is true for eukaryotic MDRs, indicating that Zn2+ has been recruited into the MDR superfamily after the initial life kingdom separations. Multiple sequence alignments (MSA) play a central part in most work on protein families, and are integral to many bioinformatic methods. With the ongoing explosive increase of available sequence data, the scales of bioinformatic projects are growing, and efficient and human-friendly data visualisation becomes increasingly challenging, but is still essential for making new interpretations and discovering unexpected properties of the data. Ideally, visualisation should be comprehensive and detailed, and never distract with irrelevant information. It needs to offer natural and responsive ways of exploring the data, as well as provide consistent views in order to facilitate comparisons between datasets. I therefore developed MSAView, which is a fast, modular, configurable and extensible package for analysing and visualising MSAs and sequence features. It has a graphical user interface and a powerful command line client, and can be imported as a package into any Python program. It has a plugin architecture and a user extendable preset library. It can integrate and display data from online sources and launch external viewers for showing additional details. It also includes two new conservation measures; alignment divergences, which indicate atypical residues or deletions, and sequence conformances, which highlight sequences that differ from their siblings at crucial positions. In conclusion, this thesis details my work in analysing two protein superfamilies and one protein family using bioinformatic methods; developing an algorithm for automated generation of stable and reliable HMMs, as well as a new conservation measure, and a software platform for working with aligned sequences.

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Lavelle, S. P. "Characterisation of bioactive aerosols". Thesis, London South Bank University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.618633.

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Leivers, Shaun. "Characterisation of bacterial exopolysaccharides". Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2011. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/12014/.

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In this project, the structures of exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by bacterial strains were characterised. The current techniques utilised for structural elucidation were also investigated. The structure of the novel EPS isolated from the fermentation of the lactic acid bacteria(LAB) strain, Lactobacillus helveticus Rosyjski, has been characterised. The strain of LAB was grown on skimmed milk supplemented with glucose; the subsequent EPS produced was isolated using established protocols. The 1H NMR spectrum identified the presence of five anomeric monosaccharide signals corresponding to the existence of a pentasaccharide repeating unit oligosaccharide. HP-SEC-MALLS analysis revealed the EPS has a weight average molecular weight of less than 1.4 x106 g mol-1. A combination of GC-MS and HPAEC-PAD analysis confirmed that the structure was composed of D-glucose, D-galactose and D-N-acetyl mannosamine in a molar ratio of 2:2:1. Linkage analysis of the EPS, by GCMS and 2D-NMR experiments showed that the repeating unit contains two terminal, one dilinked and two tri-linked monosaccharides. All of the data obtained allowed for the elucidation of the structure of the EPS produced by Lactobacillus helveticus Rosyjski. The current techniques used for the determination of the monomers and linkages present in EPS structures were investigated. Monomer analysis was studied by using the previously characterised EPS, Lactobacillus acidophilus 5e2 as a model. A variety of acids were used to catalyse the hydrolysis of the polysaccharide. The monosaccharides liberated from the EPS were analysed by HPAEC-PAD. It was determined that hydrolysis with TFA was the simplest technique to employ whilst also providing reliable results. Linkage analysis was investigated by the production of a number of disaccharide-derived model linkage standard compounds. This resulted in the creation of a number of terminally and di-linked linkage standards which can be used as model reference compounds when characterising previously unidentified EPS. The bacterial strain Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis A1dOxR produces EPS. Initial inspection of the 1H NMR spectrum however displayed a complex anomeric region with many overlapping signals. Analysis by HP-SEC-MALLS revealed multiple peaks, further adding to the evidence of the presence of more than one EPS in the recovered ‘crude’ sample. The crude sample was subjected to dialysis and a fraction (over 100,000 Da) was recovered and denoted as high molecular weight (HMW) EPS. Examination of the 1H NMR spectrum from HMW EPS indicated a hexasaccharide repeating unit oligosaccharide, whilst HPEAC-PAD and GC-MS analysis confirmed that the structure was composed of Lrhamnose, D-galactose and D-glucose in a molar ratio of 3:2:1. Further analysis determined that one of the galactose monosaccharides was present in the furanose form as appose to the more commonly observed pyranose configuration. Linkage analysis of the EPS, by GCMS and 2D-NMR experiments, showed that the repeating unit contains one terminal, four dilinked and one tri-linked monosaccharide. All of the data obtained allowed for the elucidation of the structure of the HMW EPS from by Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis A1dOxR. Solubilising EPSs has been a constant challenge, however, it was hoped with the advent of ionic liquids (IL) this issue could be solved. Ultimately, dissolution of EPS in ionic liquids though proved to be unsuccessful, so attention was turned to combining derivatisation and dissolution, as a method for solubilising polysaccharides. Derivatisation of a number of model systems of di- and polysaccharides were explored. By studying both 1D- and 2D-NMR coupled with GC-MS analysis it has demonstrated that polysaccharides such as cellulose along with a number of common disaccharides can be successfully dissolved and modified in ionic liquids.

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Moorwood, Catherine L. "Neuronal characterisation of syncoilin". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491501.

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Syncoilin is a member of the intermediate filament protein family. It is highly expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscle, where it binds to the dystrophin associated protein complex, via a-dystrobrevin. Syncoilin is increased in the muscles ofpatients with muscular dystrophies. Previous data from this laboratory indicated that syncoilin is also expressed in neurons, but its function in the nervous system is unknown. The aim ofthis thesis was to determine the neuronal function of syncoilin, by the identification of its binding partners. This is an important question because cytoskeletal dynamics are critical in the development and regeneration of neurons, and moreover, mutations in other intermediate filament proteins can cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. In this thesis, a co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry strategy was used to identify binding partners for syncoilin in neurons. Two novel binding partners were identified, namely a-tubulin and the chaperone CCT, and verified using other methods. Additionally, the interaction of syncoilin with the neuronal intermediate filament peripherin was confirmed and investigated further. Finally, three syncoilin gene variants identified in a dHPLC screen ofpatients with motor neuropathies were characterised in terms of their predicted effects on the structure and binding properties ofsyncoilin and their subcellular localisation in the NSC-34 motor neuron cell line. The identification ofnovel binding partners for syncoilin in neurons gives important insights into the architecture and dynamic organisation ofthe neuronal cytoskeleton, and may also contribute to the understanding of syncoilin in skeletal muscle. Furthermore, the identification of syncoilin variants in patients with motor neuropathies suggests that syncoilin may be involved in the pathogenesis of motor neuron disease.

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Livros sobre o assunto "Characterisation"

Hunt, B. J. Polymer Characterisation. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993.

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Hunt, B. J., e M. I. James, eds. Polymer Characterisation. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2160-6.

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J, Hunt B., e James M. I, eds. Polymer characterisation. London: Blackie Academic & Professional, 1993.

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Agency, Ireland Environmental Protection. Municipal waste characterisation. Ardcavan: Environmental Protection Agency, 1996.

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Sastry, Gunturi Venkata Sitarama. Microstructural Characterisation Techniques. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3509-1.

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Bruce, Duncan W., Dermot O'Hare e Richard I. Walton, eds. Local Structural Characterisation. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118681909.

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(Firm), Knovel, ed. Characterisation of polymers. Shawbury, UK: Smithers Rapra, 2008.

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Tinetti, Giovanna, e Pierre Drossart, eds. EChO - Exoplanet Characterisation Observatory. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-0837-9.

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Bruce, Duncan W., Dermot O'Hare e Richard I. Walton, eds. Multi Length-Scale Characterisation. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118683972.

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McGlinchey, Don, ed. Characterisation of Bulk Solids. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444305456.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Characterisation"

Johnson, Trevor. "Characterisation". In Joseph Andrews by Henry Fielding, 59–67. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08588-0_5.

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Mayne, Andrew. "Characterisation". In The Secret Agent by Joseph Conrad, 65–73. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-09206-2_5.

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Marsh, Nicholas. "Characterisation". In Jane Austen: The Novels, 28–65. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26318-9_2.

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Morris, Helen. "Characterisation". In Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, 50–60. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-07425-9_6.

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Edwards, Mike. "Characterisation". In Charlotte Brontë: The Novels, 37–63. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-27691-2_2.

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Marsh, Nicholas. "Characterisation". In Emily Brontë: Wuthering Heights, 34–77. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-27724-7_2.

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Dierking, Ingo, Antonio J. Palangana, Jagdish K. Vij, Antoni Kocot, Louis A. Madsen e Patrick Davidson. "Characterisation". In Biaxial Nematic Liquid Crystals, 229–84. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118696316.ch10.

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Paizis, George. "Characterisation". In Love and the Novel, 74–107. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230379268_5.

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Graham, Robert. "Characterisation". In The Road to Somewhere, 95–104. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-40608-8_13.

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Graham, Robert, e Helen Newall. "Characterisation". In How to Write A Short Story (And Think About It), 101–12. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51708-1_10.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Characterisation"

JHA, PUSHPA. "COMPARISON OF BIOMASSES AS ADSORBENT MATERIALS FOR PHENOL REMOVAL". In MATERIALS CHARACTERISATION 2021. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/mc210141.

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WANG, XUAN, JICHENG GAO, YUN HANG, YI ZHENG, DEREK O. NORTHWOOD e CHENG LIU. "MOUTH-LIKE CRACKING IN A HIGH-STRENGTH MULTIPHASE STEEL AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO FRACTURE TOUGHNESS". In MATERIALS CHARACTERISATION 2021. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/mc210011.

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CONCLI, FRANCO, e LORENZO MACCIONI. "CRITICAL PLANES CRITERIA APPLIED TO GEAR TEETH: WHICH ONE IS THE MOST APPROPRIATE TO CHARACTERIZE CRACK PROPAGATION?" In MATERIALS CHARACTERISATION 2021. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/mc210021.

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SHOUSHA, SHAIMAA ABOU, TAREK FARGHALY, IBRAHEM MAAROF e ONSY ABDELALEEM. "COATINGS AND SURFACE TREATMENT EFFECTS ON SOUND QUALITY IN CONCERT HALLS: A CASE STUDY OF THE BIBLIOTHECA ALEXANDRINA CONFERENCE HALL, EGYPT". In MATERIALS CHARACTERISATION 2021. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/mc210151.

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AL-SALEM, SULTAN MAJED. "PYROLYSIS OF END OF LIFE TYRES RECLAIMED FROM LORRY TRUCKS: PART II – ANALYSIS OF RECOVERED CHAR". In MATERIALS CHARACTERISATION 2021. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/mc210121.

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AL-SALEM, SULTAN MAJED. "USE OF POLYETHYLENE AS A FEEDSTOCK FOR VALUE ADDED PRODUCT RECOVERY: WAX RECOVERY FROM PYROLYSIS". In MATERIALS CHARACTERISATION 2021. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/mc210091.

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AL-SALEM, SULTAN MAJED. "PYROLYSIS OF END OF LIFE TYRES RECLAIMED FROM LORRY TRUCKS: PART I – OIL RECOVERY AND CHARACTERISATION". In MATERIALS CHARACTERISATION 2021. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/mc210111.

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EL-MAHDY, DEENA, e AHMED KHALED YOUSSEF. "WASTEWATER MATTER: FROM ALGAE TO BIO-ALGAE PLASTIC 3D PRINTED FAÇADE ELEMENT". In MATERIALS CHARACTERISATION 2021. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/mc210171.

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DÉNÈS, GEORGES, ABDUALHAFED MUNTASAR, M. CECILIA MADAMBA e JUANITA M. PARRIS. "TIN(II)-CONTAINING FLUORIDE ION CONDUCTORS: HOW TIN MULTIPLIES THE FLUORIDE ION CONDUCTION BY UP TO THREE ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE". In MATERIALS CHARACTERISATION 2021. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/mc210181.

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FRACCAROLI, LORENZO, CARLO GORLA e FRANCO CONCLI. "STRUCTURAL MODELLING OF MULTILAYER SKIS WITH AN OPEN SOURCE FEM SOFTWARE". In MATERIALS CHARACTERISATION 2021. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/mc210031.

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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Characterisation"

Ashby, Kira, Jennifer Smith, Rotmann Sea, Luis Mundaca e Aimee Ambrose. HTR Characterisation. HTR Annex by Users TCP, outubro de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47568/3xr102.

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Duncan, B., e L. Croker. Characterisation of flexible adhesives for design. National Physical Laboratory, março de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47120/npl.mgpg45.

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Katardjiev, Ilia. Optical Characterisation of a Fractal Solar Concentrator. Uppsala University, janeiro de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33063/diva-430393.

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Katardjiev, Ilia. Optical Characterisation of a Fractal Solar Concentrator. Uppsala University, janeiro de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33063/diva-430393.

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Schacht, U., CJ Boreham e MN Watson. Soil Gas Baseline Characterisation Study - Methodology and Summary. Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies, maio de 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5341/rpt09-1714.

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Bonnarel, François, Mireille Louys, Igor Chilingarian, Alberto Micol, Anita Richards e Jonathan McDowell. Utype list for the Characterisation Data Model Version 1.11. Editado por François Bonnarel e Mireille Louys. International Virtual Observatory Alliance, junho de 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/ads/bib/2007ivoa.rept.0625b.

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Smith, Michael H. Air Mass Characterisation During EOPACE: Aerosol Composition and Concentration. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, setembro de 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada610162.

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Poole, M., e M. Gower. Mechanical Characterisation of 3D Fibre-Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Composites. National Physical Laboratory, maio de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47120/npl.mgpg151.

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Gilbert, Mark, e Jean-Christophe Sublet. Compilation of Nuclear Data Experiments for Radiation Characterisation (CoNDERC). IAEA Nuclear Data Section, agosto de 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.61092/iaea.0nt4-9rvy.

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The purpose of the project entitled Compilation of Nuclear Data Experiments for Radiation Characterisation (CoNDERC) is to transfer into technology the experimental integral radiation information that can be used as part of the Validation and Verification processes of nuclear model and code systems, and to provide various schema to perform the necessary V&V processes. The IAEA will task, organize institutions to construct several of these databases based on their own extensive V&V activities mainly associated with inventory and source term codes.

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Chattopadhyay, Souradeep. Multi-layered characterisation of hot stellar systems with confidence. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, maio de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/cc-20240624-1032.

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