Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Chaohu Shi (China)"

Abstract. Model calibration is essential for hydrologic modeling of large watersheds in a heterogeneous mountain environment. Little guidance is available for model calibration protocols for distributed models that aim at capturing the spatial variability of hydrologic processes. This study used the physically-based distributed hydrologic model, MIKE SHE, to contrast a lumped calibration protocol that used streamflow measured at one single watershed outlet to a multi-site calibration method which employed streamflow measurements at three stations within the large Chaohe River basin in northern China. Simulation results showed that the single-site calibrated model was able to sufficiently simulate the hydrographs for two of the three stations (Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient of 0.65–0.75, and correlation coefficient 0.81–0.87 during the testing period), but the model performed poorly for the third station (Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient only 0.44). Sensitivity analysis suggested that streamflow of upstream area of the watershed was dominated by slow groundwater, whilst streamflow of middle- and down- stream areas by relatively quick interflow. Therefore, a multi-site calibration protocol was deemed necessary. Due to the potential errors and uncertainties with respect to the representation of spatial variability, performance measures from the multi-site calibration protocol slightly decreased for two of the three stations, whereas it was improved greatly for the third station. We concluded that multi-site calibration protocol reached a compromise in term of model performance for the three stations, reasonably representing the hydrographs of all three stations with Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient ranging from 0.59–072. The multi-site calibration protocol applied in the analysis generally has advantages to the single site calibration protocol.

ABSTRAK Pengelolaan pembangunan desa islami adalah konsep pembangunan desa yang memiliki karakteristik tercapainya tujuan pembangunan sosial ekonomi yang berdimensi holistik, seimbang antara aspek material dan spiritual. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pembahasan kajian-kajian terdahulu secara sistematis tentang konsep dan praktik pengelolaan pembangunan desa dalam perspektif islam. Dalam rangka melakukan review publikasi artikel secara sistematis, riset ini menggunakan standar protokol RAMESES. Hasil penelitian ini terbagi menjadi dua tema utama, yaitu peran dan fungsi lembaga keuangan mikro syariah dalam pembangunan desa dan Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat dalam pengelolaan pembangunan desa. Tema pertama menghasilkan tiga subtema: praksis keuangan mikro syariah di Bangladesh, Malaysia, dan Indonesia. Tema kedua menghasilkan satu subtema yaitu peranan Pesantren dalam mendukung pengelolaan pembangunan desa. Hasilnya memberikan landasan untuk mengisi ruang-ruang yang belum dimasuki untuk membangun pengelolaan pembangunan desa yang komprehensif berdasarkan prinsip atau nilai Islam yang ideal. Kata kunci: Islami, Pengelolaan Pembangunan Desa, Systematic Literature Review. ABSTRACT Islamic village development management is a village development concept that has the characteristics of achieving socio-economic development goals with a holistic dimension, balanced between material and spiritual aspects. This study aims to systematically review the discussion of previous studies on the concepts and practices of village development management from an Islamic perspective. To conduct the article review systematically, this research was carried out using the RAMESES protocol standard. The results of this study are divided into two main themes, namely the role and function of Islamic microfinance institutions in village development and non-governmental organizations in managing village development. The first theme produces three sub-themes: the practice of Islamic microfinance in Bangladesh, Malaysia, and Indonesia. The second theme resulted in a sub-theme, namely Pesantren's role in supporting the management of village development. The results provide a foundation to fill in the gaps that have not been entered to build a comprehensive village development management based on ideal Islamic principles or values. Keywords: Islamic, Village Development Management, Systematic Literature Review. REFERENCES Abdullah, M. F., Amin, M. R., & Ab Rahman, A. (2017). Is there any difference between Islamic and conventional microfinance? Evidence from Bangladesh. International Journal of Business and Society, 18(S1), 97–112. Adejoke, A.-U. G. (2010). Sustainable microfinance institutions for poverty reduction: Malaysian experience. OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development, 2(4), 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1666023 Akhter, W., Akhtar, N., & Jaffri, S. K. A. (2009). 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Humanomics, 33(1), 15–37. https://doi.org/10.1108/H-08-2016-0066 Hosen, M. N., & Fitria, S. (2018). The Performance of Islamic rural banks in Indonesia: 2010-2015. European Research Studies Journal, 21(Special Issue 3), 423–440. https://doi.org/10.35808/ersj/1393 Hudaefi, F. A., & Heryani, N. (2019). The practice of local economic development and maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah: Evidence from A Pesantren in West Java, Indonesia. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 12(5), 625–642. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-08-2018-0279 Ibrahim, M., & Murtala, S. (2018). The Role of Islamic microfinance institutions in alleviating poverty in Bauchi State, Nigeria. International Journal of Service, Management and Engineering, 5(1), 9–22. Islam, M. T., Omori, K., & Yoshizuka, T. (2005). Rural development policy and administrative patterns in Bangladesh : A Critical Review. Bull. Fac. Life Env. Sci, 10, 19–26. Kazimoto, P., & Fukofuka, S. (2013). The financial management challenges on the village socio-economic development. International Forum, 16(2), 37–50. Khaleequzzaman, M., & Shirazi, N. S. (2012). Islamic microfinance - An inclusive approach with special reference to poverty eradication in Pakistan. IIUM Journal of Economics and Management, 20(1), 19–49. Kraus, S., Breier, M., & Dasí-Rodríguez, S. (2020). The art of crafting a systematic literature review in entrepreneurship research. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 16(3), 1023–1042. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-020-00635-4 Laila, T. (2010). Islamic microfinance for alleviating poverty and sustaining peace. World Universities Congress, 1–9. Li, Y., Fan, P., & Liu, Y. (2019). What makes better village development in traditional agricultural areas of China? Evidence from long-term observation of typical villages. Habitat International, 83(October 2018), 111–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2018.11.006 Mamun, A., Uddin, M. R., & Islam, M. T. (2017). An Integrated approach to Islamic Microfinance for poverty alleviation in Bangladesh. Üniversitepark Bülten, 6(1), 33–44. https://doi.org/10.22521/unibulletin.2017.61.3 Mohamed, E. F., & Fauziyyah, N. E. (2020). Islamic microfinance for poverty alleviation : A systematic literature. International Journal of Economics, Management and Accounting, 28(1), 141–163. Muhammad Syukri Salleh. (2011). Islamic-based development for post-tsunami Aceh: A theoritical construct. Media Syariah: Wahana Kajian Hukum Islam Dan Pranata Sosial, 13(2), 163–168. Muhammad Syukri Salleh. (2015a). An Islamic approach to poverty management: The Ban Nua Way. International Journal of Contemporary Applied Sciences, 2(7), 186–205. Muhammad Syukri Salleh. (2015b). Islamic economics revisited: Re-contemplating unresolved structure and assumptions. 8th International Conference on Islamic Economics and Finance, (January). Mustari, M. (2014). The roles of the institution of pesantren in the development of rural society: A study in kabupaten Tasikmalaya, West Java, Indonesia. International Journal of Nusantara Islam, 1(2), 13–35. https://doi.org/10.15575/ijni.v1i1.34 Mustari, M. (2018). Institution of pesantren as a contributing factor in developing rural communities. Socio Politica, 8(1), 71–89. Nasrin, N., & Sarker, S. B. (2014). Disbursement and recovery of rural credit: A study on Rajapur Branch of Rupali Bank Limited. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 16(11), 15–23. https://doi.org/10.9790/487x-161161523 Onakoya, A. B., & Onakoya, A. O. (2013). Islamic microfinance as a poverty alleviation tool: Expectations from Ogun State, Nigeria. Scholarly Journal of Business Administration, 3(2), 36–43. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD). (2006). A paradigm shift in rural development. Rahim Abdul Rahman, A. (2010). Islamic Microfinance: An ethical alternative to poverty alleviation. Humanomics, 26(4), 284–295. https://doi.org/10.1108/08288661011090884 Rahim, S. A. (2017). Evaluation of the effectiveness of training programmes of Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited. Journal of Business and Retail Management Research, 11(3), 154–164. Rokhman, W. (2013). The effect of Islamic microfinance on poverty alleviation: Study in Indonesia. Economic Review – Journal of Economics and Business, XI(2), 21–30. Samsuddin, S. F., Shaffril, H. A. M., & Fauzi, A. (2020). Heigh-ho, heigh-ho, to the rural libraries we go! - a systematic literature review. Library and Information Science Research, 42(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lisr.2019.100997 Satar, N., & Kassim, S. (2020). Issues and challenges in financing the poor: lessons learned from Islamic microfinance institutions. EJIF - European Journal of Islamic Finance, 1(15), 1–8. Shaffril, H. A. M., Ahmad, N., Samsuddin, S. F., Samah, A. A., & Hamdan, M. E. (2020). Systematic literature review on adaptation towards climate change impacts among indigenous people in the Asia Pacific Regions. Journal of Cleaner Production, 258, 120595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120595 Suzuki, Y., Pramono, S., & Rufidah, R. (2016). Islamic microfinance and poverty alleviation program: Preliminary research findings from Indonesia. Share: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Keuangan Islam, 5(1), 63–82. https://doi.org/10.22373/share.v5i1.910 Uddin, T. A., & Mohiuddin, M. F. (2020). Islamic social finance in Bangladesh: Challenges and opportunities of the institutional and regulatory landscape. Law and Development Review, 13(1), 265–319. https://doi.org/10.1515/ldr-2019-0072 Umar, H., Usman, S., & Purba, R. B. R. (2018). The influence of internal control and competence of human resources on village fund management and the implications on the quality of village financial reports. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(7), 1526–1531. Wajdi Dusuki, A. 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The research of traditional Chinese urban dwellings mainly focuses on the dwelling forms in large cities, like Beijing and Guangzhou. The urban form and architectural typology in prefectural level cities (Zhou 州 and Fu 府cities in history) are generally overlooked. The city of Chaozhou (潮州), a typical southern Chinese prefectural city, has large areas of well-preserved urban fabric constituted of courtyard houses with unique local characteristics. However, a thorough study of its urban forms and architecture is yet to be explored. This thesis aims to explore the relation between dwelling form and urban fabric in Chaozhou’s historical district, and to look into the elements of urban fabric in Chaozhou, including the shaping of urban structure, sub-dimension of urban blocks, the location of houses within urban blocks, and the way that houses are arranged. The urban fabric of Chaozhou is examined at four levels. First, the transformation of urban structure and public space is represented based on the analysis of primary sources. Second, a typological approach is adopted in this thesis to analyze the urban fabric and traditional dwelling forms based on the field study in “Yi xing jia (义兴甲)” Historical Conservation Area of Chaozhou. The dwelling units are categorized into 14 types, according to the layout and scale of the courtyard houses. The survey and illustration of courtyard dwellings has been done with the help of open-ended interviews. Third, the relation between dwelling form and plot pattern is carefully examined, and a set of modules that control and influence the urban fabric and dwelling forms are analyzed through maping. Finally, the transformation of dwelling forms in Chaozhou from imperial China to the Republic era is reviewed, through the comparison between courtyard houses of Chaozhou and Beijing, as well as urban dwelling and rural dwelling. The findings of this study prove firstly that the shaping of Chaozhou city’s form is a process of natural growth and a result of planning, which leads to the irregular urban blocks with an organic pattern, and also the regular urban blocks with a grid pattern. Secondly, a clear module of urban fabric in Chaozhou controls the depth of urban blocks and the dimension of plots, and ultimately affects the choice of dwelling forms within the urban blocks. This research argues that three elements of urban forms (urban block, plot pattern and dwelling form) have interrelationship with each other. Fundamentally, all the plot patterns and dwelling forms are constrained by the block sizes. Streets changed very little, and as a result, the traditional residential fabric has remained through the long-history of socio-economic upheavals in Chaozhou. Finally, Chaozhou has developed a variety of residential building types, and this variety has been shaped over a long historical process. Several original dwelling types were largely determined by the socio-economic condition of the householder and the original land divisions. During the early modern time, with the introduction of modern building materials and technology, as well as the influence of overseas cultures, Chaozhou’s dwelling types transformed in several ways, adopting more free layout and forms
published_or_final_version
Architecture
Master
Master of Philosophy

by Law Bing Kuen Anthony.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-105).
Discography: p. 107.
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
List of Tables --- p.iii
Abbreviations --- p.iv
Introduction --- p.1
Concepts --- p.5
Previous Studies on Xianshiyue --- p.6
Fieldwork --- p.10
PART ONE: CULTURAL AND SOCIAL BACKGROUND --- p.19
Chapter Chapter One: --- Hong Kong --- p.20
The Rise of Modern Hong Kong: Hong Kong in the Nineteenth Century --- p.21
Formation of Norms and Values --- p.27
Chapter Chapter Two: --- The Chaozhou Community of Hong Kong --- p.30
The Name --- p.30
The Area --- p.31
The People and Culture --- p.32
Migration of Chaozhou People to Hong Kong --- p.35
Social Organization of the Chaozhou Community --- p.41
The Chiu Chow Merchants Mutual Assistance Society --- p.43
PART TWO: XIANSHIYUE --- p.48
Chapter Chapter Three: --- Xianshiyue in Hong Kong --- p.49
"The Music Division of the Hong Kong Chiu Chow Merchants Mutual Assistance Society (the ""MD"")" --- p.51
From Waijiang Traditions to Chaozhou Traditions --- p.56
Performances in the Music Club Context --- p.61
Performances in the Concert Hall Context --- p.72
Performances in the Chaoju Context --- p.76
Performances in the Gatherings of the Parent Organization --- p.80
Summary of the Performance Contexts of Xianshiyue in Hong Kong --- p.82
Chapter Chapter Four: --- The Music of Xianshiyue --- p.84
Setting Up the Temperament --- p.86
Tuning Process as Social Process --- p.90
Conclusion --- p.93
Glossary of Chinese Characters --- p.96
Bibliography --- p.100
Appendix A: An Inquiry on the Place of Origin of Hong Kong Chinese People --- p.109
Appendix B: Newspaper cutting Showing Ethnic Stereotypes --- p.110

李偉儀.
論文(哲學碩士) -- 香港中文大學硏究院人類學部, 1997.
參考文獻: leaves 198-204.
Li Weiyi.
序 寫在本文之前 --- p.1
Chapter 第一章 --- 食物與族群：飲食研究對瞭解香港族群的重要性 --- p.5
Chapter (一) --- 研究課題 --- p.5
Chapter a. --- 香港「潮州人」的「少數族群」地位；
Chapter b. --- 從潮州族群飲食看香港社會的轉變。
Chapter (二) --- 研究方法 --- p.10
Chapter a. --- 深入訪談；
Chapter b. --- 參與觀察；
Chapter c. --- 修讀烹飪課程；
Chapter d. --- 問卷調查。
Chapter (三) --- 文獻回顧 --- p.14
Chapter a. --- 文化理論；
Chapter b. --- 族群理論；
Chapter c. --- 飲食理論。
Chapter 第二章 --- 香港潮州人的生活面貌 --- p.37
Chapter (一) --- 移民歷史 --- p.37
Chapter (二) --- 潮州人在香港的人口及其分布 --- p.40
Chapter (三) --- 潮州人從事的食品業務 --- p.45
Chapter a. --- 菜種業；
Chapter b. --- 藥材業；
Chapter c. --- 米業；
Chapter d. --- 蜜錢業
Chapter e. --- 醫料業；
Chapter f. --- 餅食業。
Chapter (四) --- 籌集資本及僱用員工的方式 --- p.53
Chapter (五) --- 改變中的潮州人日常生活 --- p.56
Chapter (六) --- 被塑型的香港潮州人形象 --- p.68
Chapter 第三章 --- 消费市場上的香港潮州飲食與潮籍供應者 --- p.77
Chapter (一) --- 潮州人經營的食肆分類 --- p.77
Chapter (二) --- 小型潮州菜館 --- p.78
Chapter 個案一： --- 訪問潮州菜師傅暨「陳東記」東主陳東先生 --- p.79
Chapter a. --- 今日香港和國内的潮州菜發展；
Chapter b. --- 香港的舊派和新派潮州菜；
Chapter c. --- 潮州菜在香港的發揚光大；
Chapter d. --- 香港潮州菜在用料、味道和煮法上的特色；
Chapter e. --- 潮州魚食;
Chapter f. --- 對潮州菜的評價；
Chapter g. --- 潮州與其他廣東食制之分别-醬料使用；
Chapter h. --- 潮州人從事飲食業；
Chapter i. --- 研習潮州菜；
Chapter j. --- 個人創業-「陳東記」 ；
Chapter k. --- 從港產電影《食神》看潮州菜；
Chapter l. --- 香港九七食品節-「香江小菜」烹飪班與九七蘭桂坊「回歸菜」
Chapter 個案二 ： --- 訪問九龍城「創發」潮州菜馆蘇先生 --- p.102
Chapter a. --- 潮州人早年在香港的生活；
Chapter b. --- 九龍城潮州菜館「創發」 ；
Chapter c. --- 潮州食制；
Chapter d. --- 潮州家庭飲食和生活。
Chapter (三) --- 潮州「打冷 」 --- p.111
Chapter 個案三： --- 訪問「天外天」大排檔創辦人陳女士 --- p.114
Chapter a. --- 泰國人與潮州人身分認同；
Chapter b. --- 潮州家庭飲食和生活；
Chapter c. --- 個人創業-厂天外天」打冷大排檔；
Chapter d. --- 大埔「天外天」。
Chapter (四) --- 連鎖潮州食肆 --- p.119
Chapter 個案四： --- 訪問「香港工會聯合會業餘進修中心」與「飲食業職工總會」 合辦的潮州菜烹飪課程導師李奇寶師傅 --- p.121
Chapter a. --- 入行潮州菜館經過；
Chapter b. --- 敎授潮州菜烹飪課程；
Chapter c. --- 香港的潮州菜館與潮州菜；
Chapter d. --- 潮州家庭飲食和生活；
Chapter e. --- 籌備創業。
Chapter (五) --- 由潮州人經營的「茶餐廳」 --- p.131
Chapter 個案五： --- 訪問香港中文大學「幸福咖啡閣」林福田先生 --- p.132
Chapter a. --- 潮州人早年在港創業經歷；
Chapter b. --- 個人創業-荃灣茶餐廳及「幸福咖啡閣」；
Chapter c. --- 潮州家庭飲食和生活；
Chapter d. --- 潮州人對飲食業的貢獻。
Chapter (六) --- 香港潮州飲食的演化：低級菜餚至高級菜餚 --- p.138
Chapter 第四章 --- 香港潮州飲食消费者研究 --- p.141
Chapter (一) --- 香港潮州人的家庭飲食 --- p.141
Chapter (二) --- 不願吃消费市場上的「改良」、「精致」潮州菜的年長潮州人 --- p.143
Chapter 個案六： --- 訪問吳榮華先生 --- p.144
Chapter a. --- 潮州家庭飲食；
Chapter b. --- 潮州菜館消費及評價；
Chapter c. --- 個人創業-潮州的「南方園」；
Chapter d. --- 在香港的潮式生活
Chapter 個案七： --- 訪問吳道章先生 --- p.154
Chapter a. --- 來港經歷；
Chapter b. --- 個人創業-長沙灣「燒鵝飯」大排檔；
Chapter c. --- 兒子入行潮州菜館經過；
Chapter d. --- 潮州家庭飲食和生活。
Chapter (三) --- 年輕潮州人與非潮州人對潮州精致菜餚的消費 --- p.158
Chapter (四) --- 潮州菜烹飪班：對潮州菜知識的消費 --- p.161
Chapter 第五章 --- 解讀香港潮州飲食的族群意義 --- p.164
Chapter (一) --- 潮州飲食與族群認同 --- p.165
Chapter (二) --- 供應大眾飲食：潮州平民所從事的民間行業 --- p.169
Chapter (三) --- 潮州飲食與女性創業 --- p.171
Chapter (四) --- 潮州人對「正宗飲食」的辯爭：對「標準化」的抗拒與「傳統的再發明」 --- p.172
Chapter 第六章 --- 香港潮州飲食的的多重社會譽喻特性 --- p.184
Chapter (一) --- 對「潮州´Ø菜」與「潮州人/潮州族群」的再定義 --- p.184
Chapter (二) --- 從「潮州菜」的「精致化」看「致富精祌」 --- p.186
Chapter (三) --- 從「潮州菜」及「香港菜」的建構關係看香港人面對的雙重身份矛盾 --- p.188
Chapter a. --- 多元一體格局論述：「潮州菜」與「香港菜」的交替 --- p.189
Chapter b. --- 香港製造論述：民間潮州食品是「香港菜」的代表 --- p.192
Chapter (四) --- 總結：「潮州菜」/「潮州人」/「香港人-」 --- p.196
參考書目 --- p.200
Chapter 附錄一 --- 香港人的潮州飲食問卷調查(第四章個案一至廿五)問卷範本
Chapter 附錄二 --- 潮州菜烹飪課問卷調查(第四章個案廿六至卅八)問卷範本
Chapter 附錄三 --- 富豪機場酒店豪苑潮州燕窩酒家九七回歸聯歡宴餐單
Chapter 附錄四 --- 剪報一 「何謂香港菜？」
Chapter 附錄五 --- 照片（圖1-258)
Chapter 附錄六 --- 消費個案(´إ)潮州人對潮州菜的消費:個案一至十二
(二)非潮州人對潮州菜的消費：個案十三至二十五
(三)潮州菜烹烹飪課程：個案二十六至三十八
圖、表
Chapter 圖一 --- （潮州人） 歌詞 --- p.37a
Chapter 圖二 --- 「旅港潮僑分佈圖」原圖(1964) --- p.42a
Chapter 表一 --- 「旅港潮僑分佈圖」 (1964)簡表 --- p.43a
Chapter 表二 --- 政府人口普查及其他人士對潮州人口的詮釋 --- p.43a
Chapter 圖三 --- 「在你的印像中，香港的潮州人是怎樣的？」 --- p.74a
Chapter 圖四 --- 「香港旅遊協會」宣傳品中的「潮江春」集團圖片廣告 --- p.160a
Chapter 圖五 --- 多元一體的九七香港飲食文化架構 --- p.189a

本文通过研究自改革开放以来计划生育政策在广东省潮汕地区的执行情况，尝试回答一个理论问题，即在一个威权政体中，是什么因素削弱了国家对社会的控制能力，从而民间形成了对刚性国家政策的有效对抗，导致国家的一些政策指令无法在基层得到落实。上世纪八十年代，计划生育政策作为一项"基本国策"在中国大多数地区都得到了严格的执行，并基本完成预定的政策目标。然而，该政策在潮汕地区却遭遇到极大的阻力，无论是城镇还是农村都出现了普遍的严重的超生现象。
作者在对该地区进行了实地调研后，有三个主要发现：第一，随着改革开放政策的实行而迅速复兴的宗族文化对于潮汕地区的生育观念和生育行为的影响非常强烈。"多子多福"，"重男轻女"仍被绝大多数人视为理所应当，"儿孙满堂"更是许多农村人的追求。因此，虽然大部分的干部和群众经过计划生育的宣传都能理解该政策的必要性，但是由于生儿育女事关个人家庭和宗族的"兴衰"，所以明知抵触法规但仍会寻求各种可能的办法偷生。第二，在强大的传统文化作用下，基层政府、干部和群众形成了依赖利益和人情而建立起来的"乡规民约"，县镇村的干部群众都在这种民间自订的非正式制度下默契地规范约束自己的行为并且互动合作，因此上级的政策到了基层就遇到了无形的有弹性的成体系的抵抗，换言之，人们找到了实现"上有政策，下有对策"的软性抗争方式。第三，在这种强大的利益人情网络的软性对抗之下，上级的政府已经失去了对于基层计划生育的控制。一则他们没有足够的资源和能力去落实对下级的监管，二则上级官员自身也处在一定的利益关系网络中。因此，整体而言，市级乃至更上级政府在计生工作中也只能采取折中的策略，最后"容忍"了基层欺上瞒下的行为。因此，作者认为在潮汕地区县级以下的农村基层，依靠影响力极强的宗族文化而形成的"乡规民约"，作为一种软性非正式制度弱化了国家正式的行政体制，形成了一种对计划生育政策不成文的，富有弹性的，自成体系的非暴力抵抗，以及"上有政策，下有对策"的折中局面，使得计划生育政策在这一地区发挥了十分有限的作用。
This study focuses on "Family Planning Program" ever since the "Opening-up Policy" in Teochew area, Guangdong. By doing so, it aims at answering one theoretical question: within an authoritarian regime, what sorts of factors can impair the state’s control over society, leading to effective resistance against the state’s rigid policies and ineffective implement of those policies at grass-roots level. In the 1980s, the "Family Planning Program", as a fundamental national policy, was strictly implemented in most parts of China, accomplishing its policy goals. However, this policy encountered enormous resistance in Teochew area, Guangdong. "Extra kids" have been widely observed in rural areas.
By carrying out on-site field research, the author has three main findings:
First, clan culture, reviving rapidly after the "Opening-up Policy", has been exerting significant impact over birth concepts and birth behaviors in Teochew area. Such thoughts as "the more sons, the more blessings" and "sons are better than daughters" are taken for granted. Having lots of children and grandchildren is considered the best luck possible. Therefore, even though most cadres and citizens understand very well the necessity of the "Family Planning Program", since having children is a serious matter of family’s and clan’s prosperity, people are striving to have more kids, disregarding the laws and policies.
Second, under the big umbrella of traditional culture, governments at grass-roots level, cadres and masses have formulated so-called "village regulations and folk rules", which are based on mutual interests and relationship, and they behave and cooperate consciously according to these informal institutions. As a result, policies from upper levels have met invisible, flexible and systematic resistance at grass-roots level. In other words, people have found a way to use soft countermeasures to resist rigid institutions.
Third, impacted by these soft resistance, governments from upper levels have lost control over the implementation of family planning at grass-root level. Partially because they do not have enough resource and capability to enforce supervision, partially because they themselves are nested heavily in this interest network. Thus, by and large, governments at prefecture or upper levels can only compromise in family planning related issues, leading to the toleration of grass-roots cheating behaviors.
In sum, the author believes that in rural Teochew area, "village regulations and folk rules", which are based on a strong clan culture, as soft informal institutions, have impaired the state’s formal administrative system, generated unspoken, flexible, systematic and nonviolent resistance against "Family Planning Program", and led to a compromising predicament. Therefore, "Family Planning Program", as a national policy, has generated limited impact in Teochew area.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
庄棟杰.
Parallel title from added title page.
Thesis (M.Phil.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2015.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-91).
Abstracts also in English.
Zhuang Dongjie.

許承恩.
"2001年6月"
論文 (哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2001.
參考文獻 (leaves 134-139)
附中英文摘要.
"2001 nian 6 yue"
Xu Cheng'en.
Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2001.
Can kao wen xian (leaves 134-139)
Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao.
Chapter 第一章 --- 導言 --- p.1-3
第一章註釋 --- p.4
Chapter 第二章 --- 香港潮人沿革
Chapter 第一節 --- 移民的起點潮汕地區 --- p.5-9
Chapter 第二節 --- 19世紀中葉以前的潮港聯繫 --- p.9-14
Chapter 第三節 --- 從開埠至二次大戰的香港潮人人口槪況 --- p.14-21
Chapter 第四節 --- 二次大戰後香港潮人人口槪況 --- p.21-31
第二章註釋 --- p.32-36
Chapter 第三章 --- 戰前潮人教會歷史
Chapter 第一節 --- 開埠初期香港潮人福音事工 --- p.37-40
Chapter 第二節 --- 19世紀末香港潮人福音事工 --- p.40-42
Chapter 第三節 --- 20世紀初香港潮人福音事工 --- p.42-44
第三章註釋 --- p.45-46
Chapter 第四章 --- 戰後香港潮人教會歷史
Chapter 第一節 --- 潮語浸信會 --- p.47-53
Chapter 第二節 --- 潮人生命堂 --- p.53-58
Chapter 第三節 --- 樂道會 --- p.58-59
Chapter 第四節 --- 其他潮人教會 --- p.59-60
Chapter 第五節 --- 戰後香港潮人教會歷史：擴建會址、廣設分堂、服務社群 --- p.60-61
第四章註釋 --- p.62-63
Chapter 第五章 --- 戰後香港潮人教會的功能與貢獻
Chapter 第一節 --- 拓展基督教傳教事業 --- p.64-78
Chapter 第二節 --- 聯絡誼 --- p.78-84
Chapter 第三節 --- 提供各種社會服務 --- p.84-94
Chapter 第四節 --- 香港潮人教會：爲各階層潮人所設立的「會館」 --- p.94-97
第五章註釋 --- p.98-101
Chapter 第六章 --- 總結 --- p.102-103
附錄一 :歷代潮汕地區嚴重自然災害 --- p.104-112
附錄二 ： 1964年至1974年《基督教週報》中關於潮人教會之資料… --- p.113-122
附錄三：潮汕地區教會目錄 --- p.123-133
參考書目 --- p.134-139

徐宇航.
"2009年8月".
"2009 nian 8 yue".
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 142-153).
Abstracts in Chinese and English.
Xu Yuhang.
Chapter 第一章 --- 引言 --- p.1
Chapter 1. --- 潮州方言槪貌 --- p.1
Chapter 2. --- 文獻回顧 --- p.3
Chapter 3. --- 硏究方法、目的和意義 --- p.11
Chapter 4. --- 調查方法與規劃 --- p.12
Chapter 第二章 --- 潮州方言聲韻調系統 --- p.20
Chapter 1. --- 潮州方言語音系統 --- p.20
Chapter 2. --- 咸深二攝字音韻文分佈情況及異讀現象 --- p.24
Chapter 第三章 --- 潮州方言咸深二攝[-m]、[-p]韻尾年齡變化分佈硏究 --- p.30
Chapter 1. --- 理論基礎 --- p.30
Chapter 2. --- 調查情況分析 --- p.31
Chapter 3. --- 調查結果統計 --- p.33
Chapter 第四章 --- 潮州方言咸深二攝[-m]、[-p]韻尾空間變化分佈硏究 --- p.53
Chapter 1. --- 理論基礎 --- p.53
Chapter 2. --- 調查情況分析 --- p.54
Chapter 3. --- 調查結果統計 --- p.59
Chapter 4. --- 年齡、區域因素比較分析與推算模型的建立 --- p.69
Chapter 第五章 --- 潮州方言咸深二攝字音韻尾變化類型與原因分析 --- p.73
Chapter 1. --- 咸深二攝字音韻尾的存現與變化類型分析 --- p.73
Chapter 2. --- 咸深二攝字音韻尾變化原因分析 --- p.78
Chapter 3. --- 咸深二攝字音韻尾的變化規律與趨勢 --- p.91
Chapter 第六章 --- 結語 --- p.92
Chapter 1. --- 總結 --- p.92
Chapter 2. --- 本硏究有待完善之處 --- p.92
Chapter 3. --- 展望 --- p.93
附錄 --- p.94
參考文獻 --- p.142

19世紀英美傳教士為佈教需要，在粤東潮汕地區留下了許多記錄當地方言的材料。這些材料採用字母記音，著重記錄當時當地口語情況，彌補了傳統韻書只記音類不標實際發音的缺陷，是考察19世紀音系、研究語音歷時演變的重要資源。本文旨在考察11本粤東潮汕地區傳教士語料，構建19世紀潮汕地區方言音系的同時，運用歷時比較的方法，分析一百多年來方言語音演變現象，探索其中的機制和規律，並以歷時音變研究成果為基礎，考察與傳教士語料年代相近的方言韻書及與其相關的研究。
本文首先通過考察傳教士語料的編寫說明、音值符號和記音地點，用窮盡式語料檢索方法，描寫、比較各語料音系，構建19世紀潮汕地區方言音系，確定19世紀傳教士語料音系，是以潮州府城（今天潮州市區）方言為主，夾雜汕頭、澄海音系特點的事實。之後，論文通過考察潮州方言輔音韻尾在一百多年來的演變，明確了輔音韻尾演變的兩種類型，並為這種演變找到起始音類，同時為聲化韻ŋ找到了演變路徑。研究又以文白異讀現象及其歷時演變為考察對象，總結了文白異讀的演變趨勢和規律，並釐清了同一音值不同層次分屬、「去鼻化音變」作用下的層次性差異、遇攝字ou韻母存古屬性、潮州方言陽聲韻攝vN類韻母白讀層特徵、陽聲韻鼻化元音來自鼻音尾等問題，並藉-m/-p韻尾演變模式，豐富、拓展了「鼻音、塞音韻尾演變階段」理論。最後，藉上述研究成果，我們檢驗以往學者對《韓江聞見錄》、《潮聲十五音》、《潮語十五音》和《擊木知音》的研究情況，梳理了這些材料的音類分合和歸屬特徵。
採用歷時比較、邏輯推理與文獻互證相結合的研究方法，並藉科學的量化統計模式，我們從多角度考量傳教士語料，對一百多年來潮州方言語音演變現象作有效的探索和考究。
In the 19th Century, in order to assist the missionary work, many Anglo-American Christian missionaries published dialect records of Chaoshan area. These records are Romanized dialect records reflecting colloquial pronunciations of Chaoshan dialects in the 19th Century, which were neglected by the traditional Chinese rhyme dictionaries. They are very important resources for studying the diachronic change of language. This dissertation attempts to construct the phonological systems of Chaoshan dialects, analyze the patterns and rules of the diachronic change phenomena, and evaluate the research results of traditional Chinese rhyme dictionaries by investigating 11 kinds of dialect records published by missionaries..
By comparing the differences of symbols in these dialect records, this dissertation constructs the phonological system of Chaoshan Dialects of the 19th Century and ascertains that it is a phonological system based on Chaozhou City dialect and mixed with some features of Shantou, Chenghai Dialects. And then the dissertation analyzes 2 patterns of coda change of Chaozhou Dialect, finding out the change trigger and the evolutionary process from “ŋ to “ŋ. Literary pronunciations and colloquial pronunciations (文白異讀) are also different between now and the 19th Century. The dissertation proposes the trends and patterns of these pronunciations, discusses the topics of “same sound, different stratums, “denasalization, and “the origin of ‘ou’, ’vN’, and ‘v’, and then examines the theory of coda changes with the “-m/-p evolution pattern. Based on the study, the dissertation evaluates the validity of the research of 4 documents of traditional Chinese rhyme dictionaries.
This dissertation synthesizes methods of diachronic comparison, logical judgment and textual studies, and scientific quantitative statistics. In so doing, it explores the dialect records in various aspects and summarizes patterns and rules of the phonological diachronic change of Chaozhou Dialect from Mid-19th to Early 21st Century.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
徐宇航.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 305-322)
Abstracts in Chinese and English.
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Xu Yuhang.
論文提要 --- p.I
Chapter 第一章 --- 引言 --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- 潮汕地區方言研究綜述 --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- 潮汕地區傳教士語料研究概況 --- p.4
Chapter 1.3 --- 其他地區傳教士語料研究概況 --- p.5
Chapter 1.4 --- 本文的研究材料、內容、方法與目的 --- p.9
Chapter 1.4.1 --- 研究材料與內容 --- p.9
Chapter 1.4.2 --- 研究方法 --- p.12
Chapter 1.4.3 --- 研究意義 --- p.14
Chapter 1.4.4 --- 研究目的 --- p.15
Chapter 1.5 --- 總結 --- p.15
Chapter 第二章 --- 傳教士語料概況 --- p.17
Chapter 2.1 --- 語料及語料作者的簡介 --- p.17
Chapter 2.2 --- 語料與語言點的對應關係 --- p.21
Chapter 2.2.1 --- 語料編寫者對語料代表音系的介紹 --- p.22
Chapter 2.2.2 --- 現代潮州、汕頭方言的語音差異 --- p.23
Chapter 2.2.3 --- 潮州、汕頭地名的演變關係 --- p.26
Chapter 2.3 --- 傳教士集中討論的語言學問題 --- p.28
Chapter 2.3.1 --- 傳教士談廣東的方言及潮汕地區方言的內部差異 --- p.28
Chapter 2.3.2 --- 潮汕地區方言在境外的使用情況 --- p.31
Chapter 2.3.3 --- 傳教士談習得潮汕地區方言的方法 --- p.32
Chapter 2.3.4 --- 潮汕地區方言之有音無字現象 --- p.33
Chapter 2.3.5 --- 潮汕地區方言的異讀現象 --- p.34
Chapter 2.3.6 --- 傳教士談潮汕地區方言詞彙的分類 --- p.40
Chapter 2.4 --- 總結 --- p.44
Chapter 第三章 --- 傳教士語料的符號與音系 --- p.45
Chapter 3.1 --- 語料對潮汕地區方言音值與符號的討論 --- p.45
Chapter 3.1.1 --- Dean1841的音值說明 --- p.45
Chapter 3.1.2 --- Giles1877的音值說明 --- p.46
Chapter 3.1.3 --- Fielde1878的音值說明 --- p.47
Chapter 3.1.4 --- Fielde1883的音值說明 --- p.51
Chapter 3.1.5 --- Duffus1883的音值說明 --- p.52
Chapter 3.1.6 --- Ashmore1884的音值說明 --- p.55
Chapter 3.1.7 --- Lim1886的音值說明 --- p.60
Chapter 3.1.8 --- Gibson1886的音值說明 --- p.61
Chapter 3.1.9 --- Steele1924的音值說明 --- p.66
Chapter 3.2 --- 語料的符號與音系 --- p.68
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Dean1841的音系 --- p.68
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Giles1877的音系 --- p.74
Chapter 3.2.3 --- Fielde1878的音系 --- p.79
Chapter 3.2.4 --- Fielde1883的音系 --- p.84
Chapter 3.2.5 --- Duffus1883的音系 --- p.87
Chapter 3.2.6 --- Ashmore1884的音系 --- p.90
Chapter 3.2.7 --- Lim1886的音系 --- p.93
Chapter 3.2.8 --- Gibson1886的音系 --- p.96
Chapter 3.2.9 --- Matthew 1889、Genesis 1896的音系 --- p.99
Chapter 3.2.10 --- Steele 1924的音系 --- p.104
Chapter 3.3 --- 19世紀潮汕地區方言音系的構建 --- p.107
Chapter 3.3.1 --- 聲母的符號與音值 --- p.108
Chapter 3.3.2 --- 韻母的符號與音值 --- p.114
Chapter 3.3.3 --- 聲調的符號與調值 --- p.124
Chapter 3.3.4 --- 潮汕地區方言音系的構建 --- p.126
Chapter 3.4 --- 總結 --- p.128
Chapter 第四章 --- 潮州方言輔音韻尾演變類型分析 --- p.130
Chapter 4.1 --- 潮州方言輔音韻尾研究概況 --- p.130
Chapter 4.2 --- 輔音韻尾類型A的演變特點 --- p.132
Chapter 4.2.1 --- 山、臻攝字的-n-ŋ/-t-k演變 --- p.133
Chapter 4.2.2 --- 非山、臻攝字的-n-ŋ/-t-k演變 --- p.137
Chapter 4.3 --- 類型B的演變特點 --- p.141
Chapter 4.3.1 --- 19世紀uan/uat類韻母與今天潮州方言uaŋ/uak類韻母的關係 --- p.141
Chapter 4.3.2 --- uan/uat類韻母的演變次序與模式 --- p.144
Chapter 4.4 --- 類型C的演變特點 --- p.145
Chapter 4.4.1 --- ŋ類韻母在19世紀和今天的分佈 --- p.145
Chapter 4.4.2 --- ŋ類韻母的來源與演變 --- p.150
Chapter 4.4.3 --- 19世紀語料ŋ類讀音記錄的異同 --- p.153
Chapter 4.5 --- 潮州方言一百多年來輔音韻尾演變類型的關係 --- p.155
Chapter 4.6 --- 總結 --- p.157
Chapter 第五章 --- 潮州方言文白異讀現象及其演變分析 --- p.158
Chapter 5.1 --- 潮州（潮汕）方言異讀現象的研究概況 --- p.158
Chapter 5.2. --- 概念的釐清與研究方法的確定 --- p.160
Chapter 5.2.1 --- 概念的釐清 --- p.160
Chapter 5.2.2 --- 研究方式的確定 --- p.162
Chapter 5.2.3 --- 文白異讀判斷原則的確定 --- p.163
Chapter 5.3 --- 潮州方言聲調的文白異讀現象與變化 --- p.164
Chapter 5.3.1 --- 全清、次清聲母字聲調文白異讀變化分析 --- p.167
Chapter 5.3.2 --- 次濁聲母字聲調文白異讀變化分析 --- p.168
Chapter 5.3.3 --- 全濁聲母字聲調文白異讀變化分析 --- p.171
Chapter 5.3.4 --- 潮州方言聲調文白異讀一百多年來的演變趨勢 --- p.173
Chapter 5.4 --- 潮州方言聲母的文白異讀現象與變化 --- p.173
Chapter 5.4.1 --- 全清聲母字的文白異讀情況 --- p.180
Chapter 5.4.2 --- 次清聲母字的文白異讀情況 --- p.180
Chapter 5.4.3 --- 全濁聲母字的文白異讀情況 --- p.181
Chapter 5.4.4 --- 次濁聲母字的文白異讀情況 --- p.182
Chapter 5.4.5 --- 潮州方言聲母文白異讀一百多年來的演變趨勢 --- p.195
Chapter 5.5 --- 潮州方言韻母的文白異讀現象與變化 --- p.195
Chapter 5.5.1 --- 各攝韻母的異讀特點及其演變 --- p.195
Chapter 5.5.2 --- 潮州方言韻母文白異讀一百多年來的演變趨勢 --- p.247
Chapter 5.6 --- 潮州方言一百多年來異讀現象的演變趨勢與規律 --- p.248
Chapter 5.6.1 --- 演變趨勢分析 --- p.248
Chapter 5.6.2 --- 演變規律分析 --- p.250
Chapter 5.7 --- 對Gibson 1886「正音」、「白音」之詮釋 --- p.251
Chapter 5.8 --- 總結 --- p.254
Chapter 第六章 --- 潮州方言非鼻音聲母陰聲韻字「鼻化元音增生」現象的思考 --- p.255
Chapter 6.1 --- 「鼻化元音」現象研究概述 --- p.255
Chapter 6.2 --- 傳教士語料中的非鼻音聲母陰聲韻字「鼻化元音增生」現象 --- p.256
Chapter 6.3 --- 解釋非鼻音聲母陰聲韻字「鼻化元音增生」現象的三種觀點 --- p.257
Chapter 6.3.1 --- 「音變條件」說 --- p.258
Chapter 6.3.2 --- 「擴散演變」說 --- p.259
Chapter 6.3.3 --- 「小稱作用」說 --- p.260
Chapter 6.4 --- 總結 --- p.261
Chapter 第七章 --- 與傳教士語料年代相近的方言韻書及其研究情況考察 --- p.262
Chapter 7.1 --- 方言韻書及其研究概況 --- p.263
Chapter 7.1.1 --- 潮汕地區方言韻書及相關資料 --- p.264
Chapter 7.1.2 --- 韻書、方言材料的研究現狀 --- p.265
Chapter 7.2 --- 《韓江聞見錄》語音記錄之討論 --- p.266
Chapter 7.2.1 --- 李新魁據《韓江聞見錄》總結的清代潮州方言特點 --- p.267
Chapter 7.2.2 --- 李新魁「二百年前潮州音特點」與傳教士語料研究結果之比較 --- p.268
Chapter 7.3 --- 《潮聲十五音》、《潮語十五音》音系討論 --- p.269
Chapter 7.3.1 --- 《潮聲十五音》、《潮語十五音》的音系 --- p.270
Chapter 7.3.2 --- 兩本韻書音系的討論 --- p.271
Chapter 7.4 --- 《擊木知音》音系討論 --- p.272
Chapter 7.4.1 --- 三種《擊木知音》聲母、聲調構擬的比較 --- p.273
Chapter 7.4.2 --- 三種《擊木知音》韻母構擬的比較 --- p.274
Chapter 7.4.3 --- 《擊木知音》音系歸屬的討論 --- p.275
Chapter 7.5 --- 總結 --- p.276
Chapter 第八章 --- 結語 --- p.277
Chapter 8.1 --- 內容與貢獻 --- p.278
Chapter 8.2 --- 展望與期待 --- p.279
參考文獻 --- p.305

鍾佳華.
論文(哲學碩士) -- 香港中文大學硏究院歷史學部, 1997.
參考文獻: leaves 315-324.
英文摘要.
Zhong Jiahua.
緖論 --- p.1
Chapter 第一章： --- 地方管理組織的延續與變遷 --- p.12
Chapter 一、 --- 輔官而治的保安局
Chapter 1. --- 保安局的由來
Chapter 2. --- 保安局在咸同以後的發展
Chapter 3. --- 淸末保安局日常職能
Chapter 4. --- 保安局權重的由來
Chapter 5. --- 挑戰與回應
Chapter 二、 --- 城市商業組織
Chapter 1. --- 由行會到商會--汕頭萬年豐會館的變遷
Chapter 2. --- 海陽商會的成立
Chapter 3. --- 商人資本家的興起---幾位行會/商會會董背景的介紹
小結
Chapter 第二章： --- 制度的更新與創立 --- p.66
Chapter 一、 --- 淸末潮嘉地區治安形勢與官紳對策
Chapter 1. --- 警察制度的推行
Chapter a. --- 警察機構的建置及發展
Chapter b. --- 機構的運作及管理、編制
Chapter c. --- 經費的籌措與來源
Chapter d. --- 運作問題(紀律與濫權）
Chapter e. --- 警察的活動及其權責
Chapter 2. --- 團練的復興與更新
Chapter 二、 --- 由文仕公所到勸學所一新式教育組織的設立
Chapter 1. --- 民間教育組織及勸學所的成立
Chapter 2. --- 教育組織的經費籌措
Chapter 3. --- 地方教育組織之活動及其職權
Chapter 4. --- 勸學所推動教育的阻礙
Chapter 三、 --- 自治組織的興起
Chapter 1. --- 家族自治
Chapter 2. --- 戒煙會
小結
Chapter 第三章： --- 紳商與城市管理 --- p.163
Chapter 一、 --- 紳商在城市自治中的角色及作用
Chapter 1 . --- 紳商與市政管理
Chapter 2. --- 走向文明之路一紳商對推動地方現在化的貢獻
Chapter 3. --- 紳商與慈善救濟
Chapter 4. --- 潮汕紳商對水利的整治一以北堤爲例
Chapter 二、 --- 公共空間的擴張與官、商關係的轉變
Chapter 1. --- 從三件事看淸末官商的角力
Chapter 2. --- 潮商頑抗的文化透視
Chapter 3. --- 合作與對抗一官、商關係的變數
小結
Chapter 第四章： --- 士紳與地方自治 --- p.209
Chapter 一、 --- 士紳與ˇёإ村管理--嘉應州西陽堡個案硏究
Chapter 二、 --- 振興實業
Chapter 三、 --- 倡導新式教育
Chapter 1. --- 官紳對引進新學的試驗--同文學堂
Chapter 2. --- 黃遵憲與新式教育
Chapter 3. --- 尋求普及教育的努力
Chapter 4. --- 推行新式教育的困境及官紳之應對
Chapter a. --- 保守勢力的阻撓
Chapter b. --- 辦學經費的籌措：來源及方法
Chapter c. --- 宗族、華僑與地方教育
Chapter 5. --- 教育政策的流弊及其後遺症
Chapter 6. --- 官、紳推動教育之成效及評價
小結
Chapter 第五章： --- 紳商與淸末民初地方政情 --- p.269
Chapter 一、 --- 從嘉應黨獄案透視淸末潮嘉地方政情
Chapter 1. --- 猜疑與防範
Chapter 2. --- 派系紛爭
Chapter 3. --- 保守與專制
Chapter 4. --- 新、舊勢力的傾軋
Chapter 5. --- 黨獄案的迴響
Chapter 二、 --- 從諮議局選舉看士紳的政治參與及社會權力的再調整
Chapter 三、 --- 新聞界與社會運動
Chapter 四、 --- 紳商與民初潮嘉政局
Chapter 1. --- 地方自治的實現
Chapter 2. --- 商人與辛亥革命
Chapter a. --- 潮汕地區
Chapter b. --- 嘉應州
小結
結論 --- p.312
徵引書目 --- p.315
後記 --- p.325
附圖表目錄
Chapter 表1.1 ： --- 潮州保安局紳辦理地方事務舉隅表 --- p.61
Chapter 表1.2 ： --- 淸末潮嘉地區團練保安局舉隅表 --- p.61-62
Chapter 表1.3.： --- 淸末民初潮嘉商會一覽表 --- p.63-64
Chapter 表1.4 ： --- 高氏家族企業商號及其事業(1853-1933) --- p.65
Chapter 表1.5 ： --- 陳黌利(陳煥榮子)家族企業商號及其事業(1932年) --- p.65
Chapter 表2.1 ： --- 淸末潮嘉各屬地區的治安狀況統計表 --- p.150
Chapter 表2.2 ： --- 淸末興寧三點會匪活動表 --- p.151
Chapter 表2.3 ： --- 淸末嘉應州匪黨一覽表 --- p.152
Chapter 表2.4 ： --- 淸末揭陽河婆三點會匪活動表 --- p.153
Chapter 表2.5 ： --- 淸末潮屬主要匪黨一覽表 --- p.154-155
Chapter 表2.6 ： --- 光緒二十九年揭陽縣團甲保正人員一覽表 --- p.156
Chapter 表2.7 ： --- 淸末潮嘉教育/啓蒙組織一覽表 --- p.157-159
Chapter 表2.8 ： --- 1915年西陽堡群化墾牧公司創辦成員 --- p.159
Chapter 表2.9 ： --- 梅縣第十一區(西陽)警衛事務委員會(治安會)核心成員名單(1929- 1930s) --- p.160
Chapter 表2.10 ： --- 黃族議事會(1915)成員名單 --- p.160
Chapter 表2.11 ： --- 抗日戰爭時期西陽黃坊村將校官名單 --- p.161
Chapter 表2.12 ： --- 淸末潮嘉地區戒煙會 --- p.161-162
Chapter 表2.13 ： --- 淸末澄海同善管理層人員 --- p.162
Chapter 表3.1 ： --- 1908年省城水災汕頭助賑會成員 --- p.205
Chapter 表3.2 ： --- 辛亥年潮嘉水災救災團體 --- p.205-206
Chapter 表3.3 ： --- 宣統元年潮州路權硏究會成員名單 --- p.206
Chapter 表3.4 ： --- 光緒/宣統朝歷任惠潮嘉道及潮州知府名單 --- p.207-208
Chapter 表4.1 ： --- 新西陽堡學會(1904)會員名單 --- p.250
Chapter 表4.2 ： --- 淸末民初潮嘉地區工商實業發展表 --- p.251-256
Chapter 表4.3 ： --- 淸末潮嘉新式學堂一覽表 --- p.257-266
Chapter 表4.4 ： --- 1904年潮、嘉籍省垣學堂管理員練習所練習員 --- p.267
Chapter 表4.5 ： --- 淸末嘉應州專門學校舉隅表 --- p.268
Chapter 表5.1 ： --- 宣統元年嘉應知州鄒增祜處理黨獄案經過表 --- p.303
Chapter 表5.2 ： --- 光緒三十一年興寧縣訟訴收費一覽表 --- p.304
Chapter 表5.3 ： --- 淸末潮嘉地區自治組組織舉隅表 --- p.304-305
Chapter 表5.4 ： --- 嘉應州諮議局選舉複選負責人名單 --- p.306
Chapter 表5.5 ： --- 諮議局選舉嘉應州初選當選名單 --- p.306
Chapter 表5.6 ： --- 諮議局選舉興寧縣初選當選名單 --- p.306-07
Chapter 表5.7 ： --- 潮屬各縣複選候選人名單 --- p.307-08
Chapter 表5.8 ： --- 廣東諮議局潮嘉兩屬議員名單 --- p.308
Chapter 表5.9 ： --- 淸末民初潮嘉地區主要報刊一覽表 --- p.309
Chapter 表5.10 ： --- 淸末潮嘉士紳升遷流動舉例表 --- p.310-311
Chapter 圖1. --- 潮梅地區簡圖 --- p.10
Chapter 圖2. --- 淸末汕頭港簡圖 --- p.10
Chapter 圖3. --- 淸末澄海縣地圖 --- p.11
Chapter 圖4. --- 嘉應州署及保安局位置圖 --- p.149
Chapter 圖5. --- 淸末海陽縣城圖 --- p.208
Chapter 圖6. --- 嘉應州西陽堡簡圖 --- p.244
Chapter 圖7. --- 二十年代汕頭市地圖 --- p.x

Abstract When, in the middle of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, Ophelia steps into Dinah’s kitchen, she enters the “Chaos and Old Night” of the plantation household, evidenced in the famous catalogue of Dinah’s accumulations. “The more drawers and closets there were” in the St. Clare pantry, “the more hiding holes Dinah could make for the accommodation of old rags, hair combs, ribbons, cast-off artificial flowers, and other articles of vertu wherein her soul delighted” (I. 298-299). The revelation of the cook’s pomade stored in a gilded china dish further alarms the guest from Vermont, for whom such an unpalatable mix as Dinah’s “har grease” in her “mistress’s best saucers” be speaks only the jumble of the savage mind (I. 300). Ophelia determines that Old Dinah is hopelessly “shif’less” and that Dinah’s mistress, the indolent aristocrat Marie St. Clare, is criminally helpless, and here the New England spinster’s “reformatory tour” begins in earnest (I. 298).