Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Changement lié"
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Hoummani, Mounia. "Souffrance psychique au travail en milieu universitaire au Maroc et en France : impact du changement organisationnel". Amiens, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AMIE0023.
Texto completo da fonteThe issue of mental suffering is ubiquitous at work as evidenced by the recent controversies related to suicides int the workplace. Physical suffering is moving towards a psychological suffering. In this thesis we ask the question: how is mental suffering, and how does it appear ? Our hypothesis is: Organizational changes generate mental suffering manifested by particular reactions in Morocco and France. There are many difference in how to experiment that, according to the personality and its impact on the self-image. Our research focuses on the administrative staff of two universities in France and Morroco. Analysis of the data to a questionnaire, interviews and NEO PI-R shows that suffering is little expressed at work in Morocco, also there is individual and personal problems related to intimate situation of each one next to the dissatisfaction, whereas mental suffering is manifested by the devaluation of the self-image in France
Payre, Sébastien. "Analyse du stress dysfonctionnel au travers de la dégradation de la performance socio-économique des moyennes entreprises". Lyon 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO33047.
Texto completo da fonteThe sharp increase in the number of illnesses could be attributed in part to the problems of stress that medical studies have increasingly forward, and which particularly concerns as we demonstrate the medium-sized enterprises. Through the analysis of this phenomenon, we try to overcome the traditional approaches to health and safety at work for a comprehensive approach that integrates ail of the socio-economic performance of enterprises. Ln the first part, we are positioning research on SMEs before define Medium Enterprises and describe the structural characteristics of their environment that will enhance the development of stress in their midst. Then we look at the theoretical approaches of this phenomenon before construct a dysfunctional definition. We based on a content analysis of sentences collected during interviews conducted in thirty enterprises and organizations. We characterize in the second part, the deterioration of the social performance and economic performance through three cases of medium enterprises. This deterioration leads to a lack of professionalism of the actors through the low quality of industrial relations and monitoring activities and men. We show that this situation generates conflicts that cause dysfunctional stress. Finally, we present a process of change tailored to the problem of dysfunctional stress to improve the functioning of the medium¬sized enterprises
Mokaddem, Sarah. "La rupture du contrat psychologique : ses effets sur les attitudes et les comportements des salariés au travail : Cas d’un Grand Groupe Français". Paris 13, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA131025.
Texto completo da fonteCouarraze, Sébastien. "La simulation en santé, un outil pédagogique vecteur de changement dans la qualité de vie au travail chez les professionnels de l'anesthésie-réanimation". Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2019. http://dante.univ-tlse2.fr/id/eprint/8694.
Texto completo da fonteProfessional in healthcare are particularly affected by the problems related to stress. Those who perform in anesthesia and intensive care unit have an increased risk. The health sector and the health of individuals are at the heart of change (Rhéaume, 2002; Bedin, 2013; Marcel, 2014). The training of practitioners has evolved to a competency-based approach and integrates simulation as method of developing these skills. In this context, we have tried to highlight the impact of full-scale simulation of critical situation (Pastré, 2010) on stress, anxiety, burnout and ultimately on the quality of working life of the participants. For this purpose, we conducted, as part of a quasi-experimental approach, an exploratory phase 1, with 50 students in nursing to test three scales relating to anxiety and burnout. During phase 2, we attended simulation sessions with caregivers practicing anesthesia for one year and we tested 209 professionals. They filled in the scales before and after the simulation session. Finally, in phase 3, we sought to highlight the effect of simulation on clinical stress of 215 nursing students. We show the positive effects that simulation seems to have on participants’ stress,burnout, anxiety and anxious personality traits. On the other hand, it seems that the simulation can reduce the clinical stress of nursing students and that this effect is stable four months after simulation. The simulation would thus have a preventive effect on the stress. These results make it possible to support proposals for the development of this pedagogical method in initial and in-service training
Cruchet, Jean. "Le système des pronoms personnels français : perspective diachronique, typologique et anthropologique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUL025.
Texto completo da fonteThis work is motivated by three objectives: (i) describing and explaining the important transformation of the French personal pronoun system, (ii) conceiving the insertion of this local evolution in a global evolutional dynamic of medieval French, and (iii) thinking the possible relations between this linguistic evolution and the anthropological changes that affected the Western Middle Ages. According to previous researches, and grounding on a corpus study, I show that the French personal pronoun system has evolved by following a categorical specialization dynamic. The whole process can be divided in three interconnected phenomena: grammaticalization of subject pronouns, extension of the uses of strong object pronouns (moi, toi, lui, eux) and further grammaticalization of weak object pronouns (loss of the post-position possibility). As a result, the modern system opposes pronouns which are independent of the verb and don't have nominal declension to pronouns which are inseparable of the verb and mark syntactical functions, while the old system opposes subject pronouns to object pronouns. This evolution is then compared to that of two other deictic systems: demonstratives and possessives. This tends to show that in French diachrony, the categorical specialization goes along with the transfer of modal and evaluative markers from grammatical systems to lexicon. In the last part of this work, a parallel between the previous linguistic observations and anthropological changes that affected the Western Middle Ages is proposed. This is achieved by mainly relying on the following publications and ideas: La mesure du monde (Paul Zumthor, 1993) and La mesure de la réalité (Alfred Crosby, 2003), Gustave Guillaume's grammatical number theory, and thoughts by Henri Bergson regarding multiplicity, space and time. Whereas, in the Middle Ages, multiplicity, space and time were inseparable from the concrete and personal experience of subjectivity, these notions progressively became more objective and abstract. At the same time, the French language evolved following a tendency to exclude personal experience from its grammatical structures
Djabi, Mélia. "Le processus de socialisation organisationnelle des "établis" face au changement de leur rôle prescrit : le cas des agents de la filière Transport-Mouvement de la SNCF". Thesis, Paris 9, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA090070.
Texto completo da fonteThe literature on organizational socialization in management has mainly focused on newcomers’ adjustment into stable organizations. Conversely, this study attempts to understand the socialization process of insiders in a context of organizational change. Built from managerial and sociological approaches of socialization at work and complementary concepts of role theory, the conceptual framework highlights the key dimensions of the process: contrast, role tension, organizational tactics/practices, proactive tactics/behaviors, socialization states. Conducted in the national French railway company (SNCF), a qualitative longitudinal study enriches the understanding of each dimension and their articulation through social mechanisms. From this research, six typical processes are identified leading to three behaviors of absorption, exploration or role determination. From a meta-level analysis, four collective trajectories are suggested, based on the continuity/discontinuity perceived of identity in a diachronic perspective. Managerial implications are proposed to the company and organizations experiencing similar socialization issues
Leclere, David. "Offre agricole Européenne et changement climatique : une exploration régionale des enjeux liés aux changements d’échelle par la modélisation intégrée". Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AGPT0048/document.
Texto completo da fonteAgriculture, and the climate system are closely linked: agricultural systems are driven by changes in mean climate and its variability, while their expansion and intensification contribute to the anthropogenic perturbation of the climate system. The evolution of the climate-agriculture system relies on numerous processes, which extend over a wide large range of temporal and spatial scale, and are intertwined. It is necessary to integrate these processes across scales in order to both reduce the uncertainty that overshadow the evolution of the system, and help clever decision making. In this work, I focused on that integration goal in the specific case of Europe for short-term time scales in a future horizon. I focused on typical spatial scales of decision making: from the smallest decision unit in agriculture (farm scale) to the one of policy making regarding agriculture-climate interactions (Europe). I continued the development of a modelling framework relying on the coupling of a microeconomic model of European agricultural supply (AROPAj) to a generic crop model (STICS), which account for adequate processes at farm scale, and for the factors that drive the heterogeneity in their net effects over Europe. This tool allowed me to highlight the specific role of farm-scale adaptations in the response of European agricultural supply to climate change. In particular, accounting for these processes alters the usual picture of climate change impacts over Europe. I further developed analytical methods building on agronomic and statistic knowledge to explore the heterogeneity in the response of major European crops, among geographical locations, species, and climate change scenarios. Finally, first results showed that at the farm scale, little interaction is expected between the adaptation to climate change and the implementation of a greenhouse gas mitigation policy targeting the agricultural sector
Belot, Malik. "Stockage de la chaleur dans un lit de particules à changement de phase". Thesis, Perpignan, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PERP0065.
Texto completo da fonteThis work intends to characterize heat transfer in fluid-particle flows, specifically when phase change occurs inside the particles. The proposed model takes into account the external heat resistance (heat transfer at the particle-fluid interface) and the internal heat resistance (conduction inside and at the wall of the particle, natural convection in the liquid phase of the particle, phase change). External transfer with the surrounding fluid is described by correlations linking an external Nusselt number to Reynolds and Prandtl numbers related to the surrounding fluid. Internal conduction is calculated thanks to analytical solutions. The influence of natural convection was studied on an isolated sphere for different combinations of Rayleigh and Prandtl numbers. A correlation between an internal Nusselt number, and particle Rayleigh and Prandtl numbers was established using these simulations. This correlation allows calculating the transient evolution of the average temperature of the particle when natural convection occurs. Phase change is taken into account by a Phase Field model averaged over the particle and validated by comparison with experimental and numerical studies from the literature. Finally, the whole model and the effects of the different phenomena it describes are tested on a fixed bed of particles at mesoscopic scale using a Discrete Element Method–Computional Fluids Dynamics (DEM-CFD) model. Internal conduction and natural convection gives similar quantities of total energy stored for the same Biot number, however heat transfer distribution is modified. Phase change greatly reduces the volume of storage. Increasing the Biot number leads to a greater amount of energy stored. Finally, heat transfer greatly depends on porosity distribution
Zid, Rim. "Le harcèlement moral au travail dans un contexte de changements organisationnels". Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05D011.
Texto completo da fonteThe phenomenon of workplace bullying has been attracting increasing interest since 1990 from researchers in different domains. A variety of factors has been presented as precursors of workplace bullying. In the present research, we are interested in organizational factors as antecedent of bullying, more specifically organizational changes (as a precursor of bullying). The objective of this study is to investigate the link between organizational changes and workplace bullying. The second focus of this research involves the link between organisational changes and emotions. Furthermore, cultural are hypothesized to moderate changes, and emotions on bullying. In this research, the workplace bullying was measured by using two complementary strategies: Negative Acts Questionnaire or NAQ (Einarsen & Raknes, 1997) and the definition of the bullying (Hirigoyen, 1998) follow-up questions of bullying experience. Those instruments used in our questionnaire are the most used instruments in the area of workplace bullying. Emotions were measured by using the Job-related Affective Well-being Scale (JAWS) of Katwyk et al. (2000). A survey of 237 persons provided clear support to four of our hypothesis (1, 2, 4 and 5). Results revealed evidence links between some types of changes and workplace bullying (hypothesis 1). Results show link between organizational changes and emotions (hypothesis 4), and it support earlier finding that culture moderates the link between organisational changes and workplace bullying (hypothesis 2), and between organizational changes and emotions (hypothesis 5). However, only five sub hypotheses 3 are supported. The results of the statistical analysis revealed evidence links between fives types of changes and workplace bullying
Bigaignon, Laurent. "Etude de l'impact de la variabilité climatique et de la pression anthropique liée à l'agriculture sur les émissions de N2O". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30269.
Texto completo da fonteNitrous oxide (N2O) is a powerful greenhouse gas which contributes to stratospheric ozone depletion. The increase of anthropogenic pressure on ecosystems, with the intensification of the use of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers in agriculture, disrupts the natural nitrogen cycle and leads to additional N2O emissions from soils. Many factors influence the production and emission processes of N2O from soils such as climate and its variability, soil type and land use, livestock or agricultural activities and their intensity. In order to mitigate climate change by reducing N2O emissions, it is necessary to understand, assess and quantify the effect of these different factors at different scales (plot/land/region). From that context, my thesis project aims to analyse and model N2O emissions under contrasted degrees of anthropogenic and climatic pressure. I pursued this dual objective through the study of several sites with contrasted functioning in terms of climate and level of human activity: two sites in the South-West of France, a site in the Senegalese savanna and an agricultural site near Lake Victoria in Kenya. Using data from the two South-West of France sites, I developed a new methodology to gap-fill missing N2O daily emission time series from these sites that combines both the traditional method of linear interpolation with the neuronal networks' method. The very good results obtained show that this methodology could serve as a reference in the future since general gap-filling methodology is still lacking for N2O emissions time series. Analysis of the complete datasets shows that irrigated maize crops have a high N2O emission potential. Tillage, spring mineralization and nitrogen fertilization, combined with rain and irrigation have a strong N2O emissions potential which intensity varies with vegetation cover. The quantification of the impact of these different factors has led to develop a new empirical model to estimate N2O emissions more efficiently than the traditional IPCC's Tier 1 method. In the African region, I studied N2O emissions from the Senegalese savanna site and agricultural sites in Kenya using measurements and results of the STEP-GENDEC-N2O model for the savanna site. Soil water content was found to be the most important influencing factor of N2O emissions at these two sites at the seasonal scale. Extrapolating these results across Africa has shown that emissions from agriculture are potentially larger than those from savannas. At the regional scale, I set up a simulation with the RegCM-CLM model on a domain including all the studied sites. This work showed the complexity of modelling soil biogeochemical processes and the difficulty of using a universal parameterization for temperate and tropical climates. This thesis work highlighted the existence of complex interactions between the main factors influencing N2O emissions on the regions studied. However, these interactions vary in function of the pedoclimatic context and the level of human pressure. Given the range of N2O budgets observed in this study, with the highest budget calculated on the site with the largest anthropogenic pressure in the South-West of France, the most explanatory factors are in order of priority the soil water content (modulated by rainfall and irrigation), the anthropogenic pressure gradient associated with livestock and agricultural activities (pastoralism, tillage depth, fertilizations, etc.) and soil texture. [...]
Ladeira, Garbaccio Grace. "Les aspects juridiques et économiques liés aux changements climatiques : l' étude de cas de la sidérurgie". Limoges, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIMO1004.
Texto completo da fonteGaston-Breton, Charlotte. "Biais de jugement liés au prix : application au cas du changement d'unité monétaire des francs aux euros". Paris 9, 2003. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2003PA090019.
Texto completo da fonteNajnudel, Joseph. "Sur certains objets universels liés à des changements de probabilité et des modèles de matrices aléatoires". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00649552.
Texto completo da fonteNguyen, Thanh Nguyen. "Politique de santé et système de santé au Vietnam : évolution liée aux changements économiques 1975-2000". Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077087.
Texto completo da fonteRobin, Tiphaine. "Engagement comportemental et personnalité : etudes de l'influence modulatrice des cinq facteurs sur les effets de l'engagement dans le contexte des changements liés à l'alimentation". Nantes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NANT3031.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis intends to evaluate the influence exerted by the five personality dimensions of the five factors model (McCrae et Costa, 1985; 1987) on the attitudinal and behavioral consequences of a behavioral commitment, in the context of student nutrition. A first study has been conducted with 167 students with a view to evaluate the efficacy of a commitment procedure, and notably by the public pattern of this technique, as a function of these five dimensions. This study highlight a weak and limited impact of the five dimensions of personality on the studied changes: notably, it appears that extraversion influences the efficacy of private commitment to induce attitudinal changes in the long term. The second and third studies have been conducted with a population of 186 and 268 students, with a view to put to the test the influence exerted by extraversion in relation to the effects of public commitment procedure. If the second study fails to highlight such an influence, it emerges from the third study that the modulation exerted by extraversion is only found on a behavioral dimension annex to the eating changes. These three studies reveal besides that behavioral commitment fails to induce eating and attitudinal changes upper to those aroused by a non-commitment procedure. These results are discussed from the angle of the difficulty of the eating change and of the possible moderation, due to this difficulty, of the effects exerted by personality on the commitment efficiency
Mayata, Mambueni. "Approche communicationnelle de conduite des changements technologiques dans les organisations : conception et évaluation de la M3CTI : méthode de conception et de conduite des changements technologiques liés à l'informatisation". Paris 13, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA131017.
Texto completo da fonteTechnological change often cause profound disruptions in the working patterns of men and organisations. These changes are reflected in new attitudes, changing organisational structures and new roles for management and staff, but also in new job content. Technological progress. Particulary computerizing, leads men to design ever larger and more complex systems. But these systems also raise numerous and complex problems of assimulation and adaptation. It is therefore necessary to master the integration of new tools into existing structures. In practice this is rarely the case. However, often because current methods are inadequate. A new generation of methods is needed for the new generation of tools. Several methods exist for implementing change, but the inadequacy of current methods led us to propose the dynastic approach, which combines the controlled change approach and the spatial dimension. The spatial dimension involves analysing the organisation, the technical system and the social system from the point of view of contenu and relations. It makes for improved understanding of the organisation and its environment, which is essential to nay controlled change. The controlled change approach also takes into account all the scientific and technical knowledge required to operate the change. It is therefore an approach in which we identify : the different issues at stake, the project design and control aspects for supervising the implentation of the systems concerned. It takes into account the culture of the organisation and bets on work organisation, safety, reliability, ergonomics, quality ans management, communication, participation, selection, training and documentation, which are all essentiel and decisive elements in controlled change. Moreover, beyond these two aspects. The "dynastic" approach makes it possible to define the target situation and enter into negociations for an active commitment of the different parties concerned, at every level in the organisation. As a " meta-methode ", over all. Dynastic is the process to elaborate and manage change in computerizing projects. Dynastic, this pratical method, has a focus in concept of management change caused by computerizing. The application of dynastic in compterizing is "m3cti". Method of conception and management technological change caused by computerizing
Rouat, Sabrina. "Les processus individuels et organisationnels de construction de la santé au travail : prévention de la santé mentale au travail et analyse de dispositifs organisationnels". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20006/document.
Texto completo da fonteWe aim to contribute to the study of intervention process in the organization for mental health prevention in the workplace. We begin by linking the different health-building processes in the workplace. We then take into account the factors that support the success of primary prevention interventions. Our analysis then allows for exploration of possible relationship between these two research fields. Our examination of seven cases studies of prevention interventions brings elements of understanding to the conditions that best favour the decision to change an organization. The intervention process is designed as a way to produce a dynamic organizational maturation on the issue of mental health in the workplace, which is likely to improve cooperation between actors. Finally, by questioning interactions between the individual and the organization, this dissertation analyzes the logic behind the non-take-up strategies used by troubled employees. It allows us to examine why arrangements within an organization are not used and to identify under what conditions they can be efficient and well used
Estrade, Anne. "Calcul stochastique discontinu sur les groupes de lie". Orléans, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ORLE2007.
Texto completo da fonteComby, Jean-Baptiste. "Créer un climat favorable. Les enjeux liés aux changements climatiques : valorisation publique, médiatisation et appropriations au quotidien". Paris 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA020086.
Texto completo da fonteMaalouf, Jean-Paul. "Effets interactifs d’une sècheresse liée au changement climatique et de la gestion sur les pelouses calcaires du sud de l’Europe". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14503/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis PhD aimed at testing the crossed effects of management and extreme droughts linked to climate change on plant biotic interactions, biodiversity, composition and ecosystem functions of extensive grasslands from Southern Europe, at the Western calcareous boundary of the French Central Massif. Extreme spring droughts and a mowing-based management were experimentally applied in a factorial design in the Dordogne department on two communities with contrasted soil conditions: the Mesobromion (null slope) and the Xerobromion (steep convex slope and southern exposure). Our results support theoretical models predicting a collapse of biotic interactions at the severe end of a stress gradient, especially if the system is subject to disturbance. Grassland responses were strongly dependent on local environmental conditions. Drought decreased biodiversity and altered composition in the Xerobromion community. This is explained by the combination of several constraints (experimental drought, water stress due to southern exposition and physical disturbance which induces a collapse of facilitation and an important edaphic stress) in this community. The Mesobromion community was rather affected by mowing, which increased biodiversity through a reduction of competitive graminoids cover. In Southern Europe, and in a climate change context, we recommend maintaining disturbance-based management in the Mesobromion communities and focusing on the conservation of species with a poor tolerance to drought in the Xerobromion communities
Doucet-Généreux, Pierre-Louis. "Simulation des débits d'étiage dans un contexte de changements climatiques : incertitude liée au choix du modèle et au critère de calage". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8057.
Texto completo da fonteN'Ngue, Marie-Andrée. "L'alpha-lactalbumine : susceptibilité à la protéolyse liée aux changements conformationnels induits thermiquement : Recherche de peptides à activité anti-oxydante". Nancy 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN10051.
Texto completo da fonteThe structural modifications of bovine a-lactalbumin, known for its resistance toward proteases, were studied at various temperatures (from 25 to 70°C) by circular dichroism and by proteolytic approach using a thermostable enzyme, thermolysin (EC 3. 4. 24. 27). The various peptides produced during the hydrolyses were identified by mass spectrometry. A-Lactalbumin, resistant toward the hydrolysis at 25°C, becomes sensible from 40°C, because it adopts a molten globule-like state (MG) while preserving its chelated calcium. The MG-like state is the main form at 70°C and the protein is completely hydrolysed for 1 min of incubation at this temperature. The 1-58 amino-terminal and 95-123 carboxy-terminal regions of a-lactalbumin in its MG-like state are quickly hydrolysed by thermolysin, whereas the central region, which includes the binding site of calcium, is more resistant toward the hydrolysis at 70°C. Peptides with antioxidant activity have been identified in thermolysic hydrolysates from bovine and equine a-lactalbumins. Their concentration that decreases by 50% the concentration of the 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation is lower than 10 mM. These antioxydant peptides, that are homologous for the two species, are in general short and contain within their sequences one or two aromatic amino acid residues or a disulphide bridge. To conclude, the hydrolysis of a-lactalbumin at high temperature by a thermostable protease makes it possible to generate peptides with antioxidant activity
Tauc, Patrick. "Étude des changements conformationnels liés aux interactions homotropes et hétérotropes assurant la régulation de l'activité de l'aspartate transcarbamylase d'Escherichia coli". Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112270.
Texto completo da fonteGiraud, Vincent. "Etude des phénomènes électrothermiques liés à l'amorphisation et à la cristallisation d'un matériau à changement de phase pour application aux mémoires non volatiles". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE10155.
Texto completo da fontePC-RAM memories imply a phase-change chalcogenide material, Ge2Sb2Te5, that can reversibly switch between a resistive amorphous state (OFF) and a conductive crystalline state (ON). The objective of the thesis is to study the electrothermal phenomena that may be implicated during the amorphization and crystallization steps. We characterize the thermal and electrical differences between the two phases, by measuring their thermal conductivities (3 ω method), and by drawing the I(V) electrical characteristics. We study in details the mechanisms responsible for the OFF , > ON transition, for the one we point out the formation of an instable conductive amorphous filament. We show the results of the dynamical tests made on our micronic and submicronic cells. Finally, we analyse some models and numerical simulations, showing the experimental difficulty in avoiding the melting during the crystallization step
Carcillo, Magalie. "Etude des phénomènes liés à la propagation de flamme sur câble : instrumentation, formulation et modélisation". Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS132.
Texto completo da fonteAssociated with a significant fire risk, electrical cables are subject to strict regulations in regard to their fire reaction. Standards were established to encourage cable manufacturers to produce fire-resistant cables with low toxic fumes. The electrical cables have to be classified according to the Euroclasses according to their performance in two standard fire tests: IEC 60332-1 (single cable test) and EN 50399 (large scale test on a cable ladder). The aims of the thesis were to analyze the main characteristic parameters of the cables governing their classification in the large scale test and to develop methods to predict this classification without having to carry out the test. Correlations were highlighted between the EN 50399 test and the characteristics of the cables but also between the EN 50399 test and small scale tests (IEC 60332-1 test and calorimeter cone). More than the correlations made between the fire tests, the influences of material parameters such as sheath thickness, the amount of isolation or the structure of the cables, were studied for the fire reaction of the cables during these three tests. As expected, the sheath plays a major role in protecting the internal fuels during the first moments of combustion. However, the non-flame retarded insulation eventually degrades, fueling the flame and intensifying the heat release rate. An analytical model was optimized during the thesis to predict the curve of the heat release rate for cables burning under the calorimeter cône, using the cable structure, test configuration and irradiance parameters. In addition, a numerical simulation of cone calorimeter tests has been proposed using finite element modeling. Complex geometry had to be implemented in order to properly predict the HRR curve of the cone. An analytical method wasn developed to predict the fire classification of electric cables from cone calorimeter results
Baracat, Bruno. "Changements liés à l'âge dans les processus de prise de décision. Application de la théorie de la détection du signal chez l'homme adulte". Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30255.
Texto completo da fonteMariet, Anne-Lise. "Contamination en éléments traces métalliques et changements de végétation liés aux activités minières dans le massif des Vosges : approche diachronique et synchronique des impacts environnementaux". Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA2077.
Texto completo da fonteSince at least the last two millennia, mining and smelting activities have occurred in the Vosges Mountains and conducted to (i) the emission of trace metal (TM) contaminated particles in the atmosphere, (ii) the presence of mining and smelting wastes and (iii) landscape changes. Due to the use of resources from this mountainous area by local populations, it is necessary to measure impacts of these past activities on the forested ecosystem.This PhD thesis proposes a multi-proxy approach coupling geochemistry, palynology and ecotoxicology. Several phases of TM deposits have been recorded and correspond to major phases of TM contamination known in the northern hemisphere and also local periods of mining/smelting activities. The impact of mining activities on the landscape appears to be reduced contrary to historical data that described shortage of wood due to mining activities. The bioavailability and the risk associated to TMs from mining activities have been assessed in a former lead (Pb)-silver mining district by an active bioindication campaign using Cantareus aspersus, considered as indicator of soil quality. Among the eight stations, four of them present an excess of TM transfer conducting to a high ecological risk, particularly in two archaeological mining sites but also in a kitchen garden. Lead fractionation and speciation highlight the use of slags as amendments in the kitchen garden. Trace metal contamination of the soil due to mining activities is still bioavailable for soil organisms and so potentially transferred in food chain
Cadel, Maëlys. "Relations entre production agricole, services écosystémiques et impacts liés au fonctionnement du sol : Quels effets de systèmes de culture plus autonomes en azote en contexte de changement climatique ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ORLE1076.
Texto completo da fonteAgricultural soils provide many ecosystem services (ES) to farmers and Society such as green and blue water provision, nutrient provision to crops, water quality regulation, carbon sequestration etc. However, most cropping systems are still intensively managed, based on chemical inputs, with little to no consideration of the possible effects of such practices on the environment and the ability of soils to provide these ES. One issue of agroecological transition is to design more sustainable production systems, with limited use of chemical inputs, that provide and benefit from biodiversity and the ES support of agricultural production. We thus need to improve our knowledge on the spatio-temporal relationships that may exist between management practices, agricultural production, ES and environmental impacts. This manuscript synthesizes the results of a three years INRAE-ANDRA collaboration that aimed at providing key information on soil-crop functioning while facing this challenge. This work was structured into two parts. We first conducted a systematic literature review of the relationships between agricultural production, the ES and the impacts linked to soil functioning, within temperate annual production systems. In order to be able to compare the results of the 40 studies selected, we developed a new ontology of soil-based ES and impacts. This review evidenced mainly non-significant relationships between Biomass production and the ES and impacts investigated suggesting that there is no systematic trade-off between agricultural production and regulating ES. We also identified key relationships that have never been investigated in the studies selected as those between C sequestration and Physical soil quality regulation or Soil biodiversity. Also, an analysis of the effects of drivers of these ES revealed that the three pillars of conservation agriculture, as well as organic fertilization, seem promising practices to provide balanced bundles of ES. We then performed simulation analyses of actual and agroecological cropping systems of the French long-term Environmental Observatory of ANDRA. The objectives were to assess the effects of more N self-sufficient cropping systems, with a climate change mitigation purpose, on the temporal relationships between agricultural production, 5 ES and 3 impacts linked to soil functioning. These cropping systems were designed by implementing three agroecological management practices: a) long cover crops with legume (crimson clover), b) grain legumes (pea) and c) fodder legumes (alfalfa). To assess the performances of these systems, we used the STICS model, that simulates the functioning of the soil-crop system at a daily time-step. Simulations were run over two 20-years time periods: a first one for recent past climate (2000-2021) and a second one for future climate projection using RCP 8.5 (2036-2057). If most of the temporal relationships analysed were non-significant, results highlighted that the use of long cover crops in the rotation provided the highest values of N provision to crops and C sequestration and the lowest values of NO3 lixiviation
Mghirbi, Oussama. "Résilience des exploitations agricoles face au changement des pratiques phytosanitaires : Conception d’outils de gestion des risques liés aux pesticides – cas du bassin versant de l’étang de l’or en France". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MON30011/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe excessive use of plant protection products has caused public health and environmental issues dueto their toxicity. As part of this interdisciplinary research work between geography and agronomy, theobjective is to analyse the resilience of farms and their capacity to deal with the change of plantprotection practices. In order to answer this objective, our work is based on the design of a method forassessing plant protection practices at different spatial scales and on a technical-economic model foroptimising plant protection treatment and managing risks related to pesticides. This work consists inproviding territorial actors with decision-support tools for an integrated management of pesticide useat the “Etang de l’Or” catchment area in the South of France. This study is based on the use of severalmultidisciplinary tools: mathematical programming techniques, statistical analysis and GeographicInformation Systems (GIS), by introducing agri-environmental indicators for plant protection pressure(TFI) and risks of toxicity on the applicator’s health and on environment (IRSA, IRTE), and economicindicators. The combination of these indicators defines the different categories of farms resilience andcapacity of their production systems to deal with the change of plant protection practices. The conceptof resilience, combined with spatial analysis of agri-environmental and economic indicators usingGIS, allows implementing generic decision-support tools to find a compromise between the differentactors to deal with problems of spatial inequality and socioeconomic in term of phytosanitary diffusepollution. The results of multi-scale analysis allow implementing management strategies of risksrelated to plant protection practice based on the vulnerability of the natural environment on a territoryand ensuring suitable economic outcomes to farms
Tessier, Jocelyne. "L'insécurité liée à l'emploi et la perception de la situation de changement au travail, la perception de contrôle, la tolérance à l'ambiguïté, la dépendance à l'emploi et le stress". Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1996. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/4824/1/000628951.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteLe, Provost Gaëtane. "Effets des changements d'utilisation des terres sur la biodiversité fonctionnelle des prairies en paysage agricole". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LAROS033.
Texto completo da fonteUnderstanding how grassland biodiversity responds to land use intensification is crucial for both biodiversity conservation and the management of key ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes. My PhD aims at (i) identifying and generalising the effects of land use intensification operating at different spatial and temporal scales across multiple taxonomic groups and trophic levels (plants, herbivores, pollinators, predators and top-predators) ; (ii) investigating the underlying mechanisms of biodiversity response, and particularly the role of trophic interactions. We used multiple functional traits related to resource acquisition, the size of the organisms and their mobility. We tested how multitrophic functional trait diversity responded to landscape history, composition and heterogeneity. Considering multiple taxonomic groups simultaneously, our study brings out a clear response of overall biodiversity to land use intensification. We found that legacy effects of land use intensification operating at the landscape scale are major drivers of present-day multitrophic functional trait diversity in agricultural landscapes. By considering a core set of organismal traits reflecting similar functions across trophic levels, our approach reveals multiple dimensions by which land use intensification filters out biodiversity over time and allows us to generalise its effect across multiple trophic levels and trait-spectrum. Finally, trait-based approach allowed us to assess the importance of trophic interactions and their contribution in shaping animal communities in agricultural landscapes
Pillet, Valentin. "Détection et attribution des changements morphologiques côtiers récents en milieu insulaire tropical (Polynésie française, Caraïbe)". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LAROS019.
Texto completo da fonteLow-lying reef islands and coastal areas of tropical mountainous islands are highly vulnerable to the impacts of tropical cyclones and the expected effects of climate change. However, while the French metropolitan coasts have benefited from a significant effort to assess their long-term changes, French overseas islands are the least documented areas in French Territory. Based on this observation, this thesis examines the respective contribution of natural and anthropogenic drivers in the past evolution of reef islands (French Polynesia) and mountainous island beaches (Northern Lesser Antilles). This study relies on a combined approach between geomatic and fieldwork. From a multi-scalar (spatial and temporal) analysis, we detect and attribute the planimetric changes experienced by the sedimentary systems of the studied islands. Results on reef islands are comparable to those of previous studies which established that most of the islands have been stable or in expansion over the last decades. They allow to suggest conceptual models of long-term trajectories and examine the respective contribution of the drivers considered in this study. On mountainous island beaches, this study shows that local settings explain the high longitudinal variability detected in various climatic situations. In addition, this study contributes to the global samples of studied islands and to move forward on the understanding of past coastal changes in French overseas islands
Cariolet, Jean-Marie. "Inondation des côtes basses et risques associés en Bretagne : vers une redéfinition des processus hydrodynamiques liés aux conditions météo-océaniques et des paramètres morpho-sédimentaires". Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00596426.
Texto completo da fonteCariolet, Jean-Marie. "Inondation des côtes basses et risque associés en Bretagne : vers une redéfinition des processus hydrodynamiques liés aux conditions météo-océaniques et des paramètres morpho-sédimentaires". Brest, 2011. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00596426.
Texto completo da fonteFrom the study cf past coastal floociing events and in situ measurements realised during this work, the main objective cf this thesis was to better understand the atmospheric, marine and hydro-sedimentary processes that take place during coastal flooding along the coasts of Brittany
Brondeel, Ruben. "La pertinence du transport pour promouvoir l'activité physique : une prise en compte des défis liés à la mesure, à l'analyse empirique et à la simulation des changements de modes de transport". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066634/document.
Texto completo da fonteBackground Physical activity has an important impact on various health outcomes, and transport accounts for a substantial part of total physical activity. This PhD work aimed to improve measures of transport-related physical activity and to report empirical findings on the transport-related physical activity of adults aged 35 to 83 years living in Ile-de-France. Methods The RECORD GPS Study collected GPS and accelerometer data for 236 participants over a 7-day period, resulting in the observation of 7425 trips. The Enquête Globale Transport) collected data over one day, resulting in the observation of 82084 trips for 21332 participants. The methods used include random forest prediction models, geographical information systems, and negative binomial regressions. Results Shorter epochs (time units) resulted in considerably larger estimates of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity MVPA. This finding supports calls from the literature for further harmonization of accelerometer-based indicators of physical activity. We observed an average 18.9 minutes of daily T-MVPA (95% confidence interval: 18.6; 19.2 minutes). Participants with a higher level of education did more T-MVPA than their less educated counterparts. In contrast, people with a higher household income did less T-MVPA per day. Conclusion This PhD work was the first study to combine a very detailed dataset - including GPS, accelerometer, and mobility behaviour data - and a large-scale transport survey. Transport interventions could have an important impact on physical activity for this population
Hémery, Charles-Victor. "Etudes des phénomènes thermiques dans les batteries Li-ion". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00968666.
Texto completo da fonteJouniaux, Laurence. "Les effets électriques liés aux circulations d'eau dans les roches". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00137155.
Texto completo da fonteMes thèmes de recherche concernent donc principalement les effets électriques liés aux circulations d'eau dans les roches. Les signaux électriques induits par les circulations d'eau sont appelés effets d'électrofiltration ou électrocinétiques et sont dus à la présence d'ions dans l'eau pouvant créer un courant électrique. Ce courant électrique engendre lui-même un champ magnétique. Ces effets reflètent principalement l'interaction électrique entre la roche et l'eau (appelée double- ou triple-couche électrique). En présence d'eau, des réactions chimiques et physiques se produisent à l'interface entre la roche et l'eau, dont il résulte un excédent d'ions négatifs liés à la roche, et par suite, un excédent d'ions positifs sur une couche de faible épaisseur au voisinage de l'interface, le reste du fluide restant neutre [voir Fig. B1 de Guichet et al., GJI, 2006]. Lorsque le fluide est en mouvement, ces ions positifs sont entraînés et engendrent ainsi un courant électrique, dit courant électrique de convection. Ce courant est contre-balancé par un courant de conduction (loi d'Ohm), et il en résulte une différence de potentiel électrique, on parle de potentiel d'électrofiltration ou potentiel électrocinétique.
La différence de potentiel électrique ainsi générée est proportionnelle au gradient de pression d'eau, ce qui en fait une méthode de choix pour la détection des circulations d'eau en subsurface. Les mesures en laboratoire sont effectuées de l'échelle centimétrique à l'échelle métrique et sont nécessaires pour contraindre les modèles de calcul des champs électriques et magnétiques induits par les circulations de fluides dans la croûte. Il est à noter que sur le terrain, les Potentiels Spontanés (PS), c'est-à-dire les potentiels électriques mesurés passivement entre deux électrodes, dont les mesures se sont largement développées ces dix dernières années, peuvent être induits par une circulation d'eau (soumise à une force liée à un gradient de pression), mais aussi par un flux de chaleur (soumis à une force liée à un gradient de température), ou encore par un gradient de concentration chimique. Ceci peut se voir dans les relations des flux couplés [Onsager, 1931 ; Sill, 1983] où chaque flux Ji (flux électrique, flux hydrique, flux de chaleur, flux de matière) est lié aux forces Xj (gradient de potentiel électrique, de pression hydrique, de température, de concentration) à travers les coefficients de couplage Lij. Pour ma part, j'ai concentré mes recherches sur une meilleure quantification du champ électrique lié aux circulations d'eau dans les roches. Le coefficient de couplage électrocinétique ou d'électrofiltration, , peut-être mesuré en laboratoire. Il est à noter que le coefficient d'électrofiltration ne dépend pas en principe de propriétés telles que porosité ou perméabilité, ce qui amène le gradient de pression hydrique à jouer le premier rôle dans la génération des potentiels d'électrofiltration [pour plus de détails on peut consulter le paragraphe " Electrokinetic Phenomena " de Jouniaux and Pozzi, JGR, 1997, et l'appendice B de Guichet et al., GJI, 2006].
Cette thématique de recherche a donc un intérêt potentiel, et déjà en partie éprouvé, pour la détection à distance et la caractérisation des fluides dans le sous-sol. La communauté scientifique essaie de développer son potentiel en tant qu'outil d'imagerie, d'une part dans le domaine des ressources en eau : profondeur de nappe aquifère, suivi de transferts hydrauliques, caractérisation des flux contaminés, et d'autre part dans le domaine de la géophysique des réservoirs : détection d'hydrocarbones grâce aux conversions sismo-électromagnétiques.
Chesnel, Anne-Lise. "Quantification de dégâts sur le bâti liés aux catastrophes majeures par images satellite multimodales très haute résolution". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004211.
Texto completo da fonteTran, Thanh-Ha. "Études thermiques du stockeur d'énergie électrique automobile". Thesis, Valenciennes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VALE0009/document.
Texto completo da fonteLithium-ion batteries, characterized by their high energy and power density, are highly recommended as power sources for electrified vehicles (HEV/PHEV/EV). However, lithium-ion batteries are very sensitive to their environment and are prone to thermal runaway at high temperature. The goals of this thesis are to develop an accurate lithium-ion cell heat loss calculation method and to investigate the thermal performance of several cooling solutions for HEV/PHEV/EV batteries. The first part presents a global heat calculation procedure for lithium-ion cell which takes into account both the polarization heat and the entropic heat. This heat generation model was coupled with a cell two-dimensional thermal model in order to predict the cell’s temperature. Temperature estimations obtained by simulation for a 22 Ah LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2/graphite cell showed a very good agreement with experimental results. In the second part, thermal performances of several cooling solutions for HEV/PHEV/EV batteries (air, phase change material (PCM) and heat pipe) were evaluated experimentally under several heat rates and cooling conditions. Heat pipe cooling was found to be a promising cooling solution which works efficiently even under low rate ventilation cooling condition. The experimented PCM cooling system had very poor thermal performance, mainly due to the low thermal conductivity of the used PCM formulation. However, simulations showed that significant improvement could be achieved by using another alternative PCM formulation
Cuny-Guirriec, Kristan. "Le rapport élémentaire Li/Mg dans les coraux scléractiniaires : un nouveau et puissant traceur des paléo-températures de l’océan ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASV009.
Texto completo da fonteThe Li/Mg paleothermometer was here updated in a calibration including 15 species of coral from culture or various environmental context, from tropical areas to deep Antarctic waters. This work showed that this new proxy well defines the whole ocean temperature range from -1 to 29°C, with a precision of ± 1.0°C. However, presence of organic matter or diagenetic calcite in the skeleton can bias the reconstructed temperatures. A specific chemical cleaning and micro analysis can overcome these effects. Yet, uncertainties of reconstructed temperatures are higher for tropical corals from shallow waters, largely subjected to seasonal variation of environmental factors (e.g. SST, light, precipitations). Calcification and growth processes of these zooxanthellate species, controlled by their localisation in the lagoon and by seasonal variation, seem to alter the precision of the Li/Mg proxy. By combining Li/Mg and Sr/Ca ratios in a multi-proxy approach, these uncertainties can be considerably reduced, with a precision reaching ± 0.6°C. In a first application, general and local calibrations were compared in order to reconstruct the historical evolution of temperatures from analysis on a Siderastrea siderea, sampled alive in Martinique. The resulting temporal series covers the last two centuries and clearly shows the global warming affecting the Caribbean, in agreement with existing data. A second application was conducted on fossil deep-water corals from Mediterranean Sea, providing the first reconstruction of the temperature evolution of intermediate waters since 55.000 years, with a particularly cold signal during LGM, in response of the last glacial/interglacial cycle
Garnier, Frédéric. "Contribution à l'évaluation biogéochimique des impacts liés à l'exploitation géothermique des aquifères superficiels : Expérimentations et simulations à l'échelle d'un pilote et d'installations réelles". Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00910204.
Texto completo da fonteRoussel, Erwan. "Réponses des glaciers et des sandurs sud-islandais au réchauffement climatique post-petit âge glaciaire : Modalités et rythmes d’ajustement du continuum glacio-fluvial". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CLF20004/document.
Texto completo da fonteBased on a systemic approach, this study intends to characterize the patterns and the temporal rhythms of the glacio-fluvial continuum adjustment to the post-Little Ice Age climate change. According to lichenometric dating and quantification of the glacial and fluvioglacial responses of fifteen glaciers tongues and sandurs in south-Iceland, the range of observed adjustments scenarios is explored. The heterogeneous and asynchronous nature of responses are tested and the variables controlling the observed adjustment variability are identified. Based on the collected and analyzed data sets: (i) we highlight the asynchronous LIA maximum extent of south-Icelandic glaciers and the significant heterogeneity in glacier fronts retreat intensity which both reflect the complex nature of glacier response to climate change; (ii) we suggest the existence of marginal processes akin to self-organized criticality which control sediment transport efficiency and water discharges; (iii) we identify a prevailing pattern for the post-LIA fluvial adjustment of sandur type I and the independent response of jökulhlaup sandur (type III) to glacier front fluctuations
Benoist, Jean Pierre. "Analyse spectrale de signaux glaciologiques : étude des glaces sédimentaires déposées à Dôme C, morphologie du lit d'un glacier : [thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux]". Grenoble 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE10112.
Texto completo da fonteOsipian, Remy. "Etude dynamique d'un système de stockage par chaleur latente liquide-solide : application au véhicule électrique". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC052/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis study focuses on the development of a heat storage system used to ensure passenger compartment thermal comfort in an electric vehicle. This device, called a thermal battery, is a packed bed latent heat tank filled with phase change materials (PCM). This type of material has the property of storing large amounts of latent heat in small volumes, allowing a very compact system. At the material scale, an investigation on heat transfer dynamics within several PCM was studied. A phenomenological expression which depicts the temporal evolution of the PCM temperature for a solidification phase was suggested. This allows the estimation of the material solidification duration in terms of geometric and thermal characteristics. At the system scale, a thermal battery prototype was set up and the thermal transfer dynamics during the charging and discharging phases were studied. The charging and discharging durations are fitted by power laws in terms of the flow rate; the pressure drops are insignificant. Simultaneously, a numerical model which simulates the dynamic and thermal behavior of a PCM particle fixed bed was developed and validated with the experimental data. It can be used for future prototype sizing and will also serve as a tool to optimize the performance of the battery by setting the control parameters
Borgiel, Katarzyna. "Proposition d’une approche centrée usage pour l’accompagnement de l’innovation organisationnelle liée à l’introduction d’un outil numérique collaboratif dans un système d’information : application au contexte du « home care »". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0932/document.
Texto completo da fonteInformation system tools provide support for the activities of actors in an organization. Companies replace their tools by new ones in search of performance or quality improvements, etc. However, the implementation of a new digital tool is a process of mutual adaptation between the organization and the technology, which involves changes on several dimensions and on different levels of granularity. The aim of our work is to contribute to manage these changes in order to encourage organizational innovation. We propose to grasp the diversity of evolutions in the organization and of adaptations in the tool through the diversity of ―potential‖ and ―effective‖ transformations in usages. In order to identify diversity of ―potential‖ usages, we propose to compare the diversity of ―effective‖ usages of the tool ―to replace‖ and of ―potential‖ usages of the tool ―to introduce‖. Once identified, the ―potential‖ transformations can be managed through decision making on usages to abandon, to keep, to adopt, to the emergence of new usages. It‘s the implementation of these ―effective‖ transformations that involves evolutions in the organization and adaptations of the tool. We set a usage model to consider the diversity of usages. From this model, we define methods for gradual exploration of the diversity of usages and of usage transformations, organization- and tool-oriented. We illustrate the application of methods proposed through the case study of computerization of the patient care record in a home care structure
Lafaille, Marie. "Conséquences émotionnelles et sociales du vieillissement : étude comportementale chez un rongeur monogame de type sauvage, Mus spicilegus". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD014/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe idea that standard laboratory rodents may not be an ideal model for aging research is not new. Nonetheless, the researcher's attitude toward using wild-type species remains cautious although these animals would make a suitable solution to study a process as complex and multifaceted as aging, and would allow to incorporate the life history traits of individuals to reflect appropriately age-related changes. In the mound-building mouse, the delay of the age of first reproduction of over wintering juvenile animals leads to the establishment of two cohorts. These two groups of animals have to, at more or less advanced ages, explore anxiogenic environnements and face competitors during dispersal, reproduce and raise their offspring wich will in turn disperse. The aim of this thesis is to study the emotional and social consequences of aging that could influence the behavioral strategies in this wild-type rodent focusing on current issues in the biogerontogical field. Our study shows that, like in humans, the anxiety level of an individual can be determined by its own age but also by the age of its parents at conception. For its part, the age at pairing influences reproduction-related strategies as the latency of first reproduction or parental effort provided by mothers and fathers and affects the appearence of the first signs of reproductive senescence. Finally, this work reveals that the duration of pairing could strengthen the social bond between a male and its partner in a monogamous species
CHAUPRÉ-BERKI, CHARLÈNE MALORIE. "Il roiasco in Francia : un dialetto ligure alpino? Origini, classificazione, rappresentazioni e realtà sociolinguistica alla frontiera franco-italiana". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1061781.
Texto completo da fonteToday, the situation of regional languages raises many questions, particularly with regard to the hinge and transition linguistic zones, such as the Alpes Maritimes department. A language contact zone between French, Italian, and more precisely Ligurian - present as far as Menton, where it is in transition with Provençal - the Roya valley is a complex plurilingual and pluricultural territory: beyond the conflicts of identities and the urgency of safeguarding languages through their transmission in associations, one of the thorniest problems remains the linguistic classification of local languages. Although the territory of the valley is officially considered to be an Occitan area, linguists firmly oppose Ligurian-Alpine membership. From a sociolinguistic point of view, our aim will be to go beyond purely linguistic considerations to bring out the speakers' representations of their culture and of speaking to them.
Aujourd'hui, la situation des langues régionales soulève de nombreuses questions, notamment en ce qui concerne les zones linguistiques charnières et de transition, comme le département des Alpes Maritimes. Zone de contact de langue entre le français, l’italien, et plus précisément le ligure – présent jusqu’à Menton, où il est en transition avec le provençal – la vallée de la Roya est un territoire plurilinguistique et pluriculturel complexe : au-delà des conflits d’identités et de l’urgence de sauvegarder les langues par leur transmission dans les associations, l’un des problèmes les plus épineux reste la classification linguistique des parlers locaux. En effet, si le territoire de la vallée est officiellement considéré zone occitane, les linguistes y opposent fermement une appartenance ligure-alpine. Dans une orientation sociolinguistique, notre propos sera de dépasser les considérations purement linguistiques pour faire émerger les représentations des locuteurs quant à leur culture et à leur parler.
Loi, Zedda Maude. "Résistance au changement des directeurs d'établissement d'enseignement : relations avec leur sentiment d'efficacité personnelle lié au travail et leur leadership transformatif". Thèse, 2020. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/id/eprint/9309/1/eprint9309.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteLéné, Paul. "Changement des patrons de mouvements oculaires en présence d’un scotome artificiel central". Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23825.
Texto completo da fonteAge Macular Degeneration (AMD) currently affects one million Canadians, making it the leading cause of vision loss in Canada. AMD causes the appearance of a blind spot on the macula – the central area of vision. This blind spot affects the central vision making visual perceptions blurry or distorted. The impact of this condition is considerable since it impedes driving as well as reading and ultimately leads to total blindness. AMD has also been shown to be a risk factor for depression and social isolation, further compromising quality of life for patients. One of the avenues of rehabilitation for patients is to improve their use of their residual visual function, in particular their peripheral vision. The purpose of the present research is to investigate the rehabilitative potential of training requiring the use of peripheral vision in healthy participants in the presence of a simulated central vision loss. An understanding of changes in eye movement patterns in the presence of a central artificial scotoma will help develop rehabilitation protocols for people with AMD and more broadly people with central visual loss. Results demonstrate an adaptation of visual strategies among participants, resulting in increased performance, reduced response times and better discrimination, suggesting that training is likely to contribute to the rehabilitation of people with central vision loss.
Masson, Steve. "Étude des mécanismes cérébraux liés à l'expertise scientifique en électricité à l'aide de l'imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle". Thèse, 2012. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4876/1/D2287.pdf.
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