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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Chambres à projection temporelle (physique)"
Antilogus, Pierre. "Calibration de la TPC de DELPHI pour la mesure du dE/dx : étude des oscillations des mésons beaux dans DELPHI". Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077003.
Texto completo da fonteThe TPC (Time Projection Chamber) of DELPHI which gives 16 tridimensional space-points for each charged track, is fondamental in the reconstruction of L. E. P. Events with complex topology. This detector with its measurement of the energy lost by particles in the Ar/CH4 mixture, permits also separation between electron and pion at 3 standard deviations below 7. 5 GeV. In this thesis we develop the control of systematic errors in the energy lost measurement. More precisely, we present results on the 12 TPC proportional chambers calibration. With these measurements we can use the identification power of the TPC in the best condition. In the second part of this thesis, we develop different methods on the beauty meson oscillation measurement. We estimate the possibility for the DELPHI detector in this sector. Particularly, we introduce the differential measurement of the oscillation which seems to be the only method to have access to the maximal mixing of the B⁰s √ B⁰s mesons
Macaire, Michael. "Etude des oscillations de neutrinos muoniques en neutrinos électroniques auprès de l'expérience T2K". Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077251.
Texto completo da fonteT2K is a long baseline neutrino experiment currently running in Japan, which aims at measuring the mixing angle 013. The experiment uses a high intensity beam of muon neutrinos, and observes the oscillations into electron neutrinos, ve, at the Super-Kamiokande detector, 295 km away from the neutrino source. This thesis presents a measurement of the intrinsic beam contamination in electron neutrinos, which is the dominant background when looking for this kind of oscillations. As an introduction to the analysis, the T2K experimental setup is presented, as well as the first published T2K oscillation results. The beam contamination measurement is made from a data set taken in 2010 and 2011 by the near detector of the experiment, located at 280 m from the beam source. Selection criteria are defined to create two samples of charged current electron neutrino interactions and charged current vii interactions, in order to calculate the ratio of the number of interactions and estimate the beam contamination. The result is in agreement with the beam simulation and shows a contamination in ve of the order of 1%. This thesis also contains a study of the alignment of the MicroMegas modules on the near detector TPCs. It is shown that misalignments between modules can introduce a bias in the momentum mea-surement of the charged particles crossing the TPCs. Cosmic ray data is used to determine the relative misalignments between modules and correct the related effects in the event reconstruction
Ascher, Pauline. "Étude de la radioactivité deux protons de 54Zn avec une chambre à projection temporelle". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14376/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe study of nuclei at the proton drip-line is a recent and efficient tool to prove the nuclearstructure far from stability. In particular, the two proton radioactivity phenomenonpredicted in 1960 has been discovered in 2002. This PhD thesis concerns an experiment realisedat GANIL, in order to study the 2p radioactivity of 54Zn with a time projection chamber,developed for the individual detection of each proton and the reconstruction of their tracksin three dimensions. The data analysis allowed to determine the correlations in energy andangle between the two protons. They have been compared to a theoretical model, which takesinto account the dynamics of the emission, giving information about the structure of theemitter. However, due to the very low statistics, the interpretation of the results is limitedbut these results open very interesting prospects for further studies of nuclei at the limits ofthe existence
Pibernat, Jérôme. "Conception d'une électronique de traitement de signaux de forte dynamique issus d'une chambre à projection temporelle". Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13600.
Texto completo da fonteThe emphasis on many-particles radioactive decays requires a tracking detector like a Time Projection Chamber (TPC), which operating point can be set in accordance with the nucleides analyzed. The electrical model of such a detector reveals that, depending on its operating conditions and the nature of elements under study, the signals dynamic range can be up to more than five orders of magnitude. Consequently, an application specific processing system has to be designed. To meet the requirements of the experimental equipment, this system muste be integrated and its functional architecture muste be similar to the one of the prototype presented. The topology of the input stage of the protoype narrows the dynamics of the processing. The solution suffested to solve this problem consists in substituting this stage by a second generation current conveyor (CCII) with multiple outputs. The study of its linearity leads to predict the highest signal amplitude that it's able to process. A dynamic range greater than 1. 10(5) obtained in simulation with adapted filters. Optimization of this conveyor and filters coukd lead to extend even more this dynamic range
Wang, Wenxin. "Etude d’un grand détecteur TPC Micromegas pour l’ILC". Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112099/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe study of the fundamental building blocks of matter necessitates always more powerful accelerators. New particles are produced in high energy collisions of protons or electrons. The by-Products of these collisions are detected in large apparatus surrounding the interaction point. The 125 GeV Higgs particle discovered at LHC will be studied in detail in the next e⁺e⁻ collider. The leading project for this is called ILC. The team that I joined is working on the R&D for a Time Projection Chamber (TPC) to detect the charged tracks by the ionization they leave in a gas volume, optimised for use at ILC. This primary ionization is amplified by the so-Called Micromegas device, with a charge-Sharing anode made of a resistive-Capacitive coating. After a presentation of the physics motivation for the ILC and ILD detector, I will review the principle of operation of a TPC (Chapter 2) and underline the advantages of the Micromegas readout with charge sharing. The main part of this PhD work concerns the detailed study of up to 12 prototypes of various kinds. The modules and their readout electronics are described in Chapter 3. A test-Bench setup has been assembled at CERN (Chapter 4) to study the response to a ⁵⁵Fe source, allowing an energy calibration and a uniformity study. In Chapter 5, the ion backflow is studied using a bulk Micromegas and the gas gain is measured using a calibrated electronics chain. With the same setup, the electron transparency is measured as a function of the field ratio (drift/amplification). Also, several beam tests have been carried out at DESY with a 5 GeV electron beam in a 1 T superconducting magnet. These beam tests allowed the detailed study of the spatial resolution. In the final test, the endplate was equipped with seven modules, bringing sensitivity to misalignment and distortions. Such a study required software developments (Chapter 6) to make optimal use of the charge sharing and to reconstruct multiple tracks through several modules with a Kalman filter algorithm. The results of these studies are given in Chapter 7. The TPC technique has been applied to neutron imaging in collaboration with the University of Lanzhou. A test using a neutron source has been carried out in China. The results are reported in Chapter 8
Lázaro, Roche Ignacio. "Design, réalisation et test in situ d’une caméra muon pour des applications en sciences de la terre et en génie civil". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4074/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis is dedicated towards the creation of a new direction-sensitive tool for muon flux measurement based on a thin time projection chamber with a Micromegas readout, to achieve a compact detector with an angular resolution compatible with civil engineering and geophysics imagery and monitoring applications. The main motivation is to develop a detector capable to fill the technological gap for applications with compactness and transportability constraints. The dissertation provides a review of the different existing muon detection technologies and their diverse fields of application. Two muon imaging techniques are introduced: transmission and scattering muography. Transmission muography, more suitable for big targets, is based on the attenuation of the natural-occurring cosmic-muon flux due to the opacity of the material they traverse. This non-destructive, passive technique provides original information that can be used for imaging purposes. The work covers the methodology used towards the characterization of the incidental muon flux both on the surface and in underground conditions. A detailed description of the physical processes triggered by the passage of a muon through the detector is provided. Results of the simulations of the signal formation processes are presented and discussed to justify the design choices of the key components so as to meet performance requirements in term of temporal, spatial and angular resolution. The influence of operational or external parameters such as the gain, temperature or presence of contaminants is covered as well. The thesis describes in detail the principal phases of design and assembly of the MUST2 detector, including: (i) the design of the Micromegas readout layout, (ii) the choice of gas, (iii) the conception of an electric field homogenizer, (iv) the choice of the electronics instrumentation and its trigger signal, and (v) the creation of an auxiliary system to manage the gas. The versatility of MUST2 has been proved with the successful use of different trigger options and electronics. The data is acquired by means of software developed for the CERN’s Scalable Readout System electronics and subsequently analyzed with a muon trajectory reconstruction algorithm, which retrieves the: time of passage, 2D position, zenith and azimuth angles of the muons traversing the detector. The characteristics, performance and limitations of the data acquisition chain are presented and evaluated, a series of guidelines towards the improvement of its efficiency of are provided. A series of characterization tests has been carried out in different environments: controlled muon beam, open sky, at the bottom of a valley and in underground conditions. These tests have enabled a better understanding of the performance of the detector and allowed to tune up its operational parameters. Despite the weak statistics of the test runs, the measured muon flux has shown a good correlation with the surrounding target volumes. A campaign of measurements in real field conditions has been carried out at the Saint-Saturnin-les-Apt (Vaucluse, France) dam. The experimental results obtained are in consonance with the values anticipated by the digital model, the field transportability and the capability to perform long-term out-of-lab measurements have been demonstrated. On the downside, the impact of the external temperature on the data acquisition should be balanced out to get a steady acquisition and monitor the temporal evolution of the muon flux. In conclusion, the successful proof-of-concept trial allows to validate the MUST2 camera for transmission muography purposes
Goigoux, Thomas. "Etude de la radioactivité deux-protons de 67Kr et développement d’une chambre à projection temporelle". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0706/document.
Texto completo da fonteTwo-proton radioactivity is a decay mode of proton-rich nuclei located beyond the proton nuclear existence limit (drip line). Predicted in the 1960s, this process was observed for the first time in 2002 in the 45Fe decay study. Only four two-proton emitters were known so far: 45Fe, 48Ni, 54Zn and 19Mg. A search for new emitters was performed with the EURICA- WAS3ABi setup at the RIKEN Nishina center in 2015. The decay of 59Ge, 63Se, 67Kr and 68Kr was observed for the first time. Two-proton radioactivity of 67Kr together with the beta and delayed proton decay of exotic nuclei in the region were studied. A time projection chamber (TPC) developed at the CENBG (2004-2011) enabled the study of the correlations between the protons for 45Fe and 54Zn. A second generation of TPC is under construction within the ACTAR TPC (ACtive TARget for TPC) collaboration. This detector enables a reconstruction in three dimensions of the energy deposited in the active volume which allows a more efficient reconstruction of the tracks as compared to the previous TPC. The generic electronics GET (General Electronics for TPCs) manages the processing and acquisition of the signals. The characterisation of the GET electronics and the TPC demonstrator at CENBG is devoted to the second aspect of this PhD work
Caiulo, Davide. "Charge readout analysis in Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers for neutrino and astro-particle physics". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1065/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis is an important period for High Energy Physics: many recent results, including the Higgs discovery and its characterization, confirm the Standard Model. A crucial point for the future of Particle Physics is the study of neutrino masses and mixing representing the first established evidence of physics beyond the SM. Since 2011, the large value of the ?13 mixing angle opened the way to the investigation of CP violation in the neutrino sector. A next generation long baseline neutrino experiment (DUNE) has unprecedented potential to precisely measure the neutrino oscillation parameters, determine the neutrino mass hierarchy and has a very good chance to discover evidence for CP violation in the leptonic sector. The large underground neutrino detectors needed for this task will also address the search for proton decay and the observation of supernovae neutrinos. Giant Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers (LAr TPCs) will be employed as neutrino targets and detectors. They provide bubble-chamber quality imaging coupled to excellent energy resolution and particles identification capabilities. Neutrino interactions produce secondary particles, which ionize the liquid argon. The ionization electrons drift for long distances along a uniform electric field until they reach finely segmented and instrumented anodes, producing electrical signals that are used for 3D imaging and analysis of the primary interactions. The dual-phase readout technique foresees the amplification of the ionization signal in avalanches occurring in the gas phase above the liquid argon level. This technique further enhances the performance of the LAr TPC by increasing its signal to noise ratio. The subject of thesis is the ionization charge reconstruction and analysis in the dual-phase LAr TPC: the ionization charges measurement provides information about the kinetic energy of secondary charged particles produced in neutrino interactions. In this way, it is possible to reconstruct the incoming neutrino energy, identify and reject electromagnetic shower generated by photons from pi0 decay and perform particles identification from the measurement of the specific ionization losses.The measurement of the ionization implies a detailed knowledge of the detector response and of the reconstruction algorithm. In order to achieve this knowledge a detailed analysis of the simulated energy losses has been performed by studying the differences between the theoretical knowledge and the simulation
Navrer-Agasson, Anyssa. "Direct dark matter search with the DarkSide Experiment". Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/NAVRER-AGASSON_Anyssa_va2.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteThe existence of dark matter is known because of its gravitational effects, and although its nature remains undisclosed, one of the leading candidate is the weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) with mass of the order of 100 GeV/c2 and coupling with ordinary matter at or below the weak scale. In this context, DarkSide-50 aims to direct observe WIMP-nucleon collisions in a liquid argon dual phase time-projection chamber located deep underground at Gran Sasso National Laboratory, in Italy. This work first details the argon calibration realised by the ARIS experiment. ARIS characterised the argon response to low energy nuclear and electronic recoils, down to unprecedented energies. The nuclear quenching was measured with the best precision to this date, and the recombination probability extracted was compared to different models describing the behaviour of argon in presence of an electric field. A search for low mass WIMPs performed with DarkSide-50 data is also presented. This search focuses on the ionisation signal from the TPC, leading much to much lower detection threshold. The achieved exclusion limits are amongst the leading ones, and the most stringent for a liquid argon target. Finally a preliminary search for axions is presented. Axions are an alternative candidate to dark matter, proposed as a solution to the strong CP problem. They are detectable in DarkSide via their coupling to electrons. This search required the improvement of the modelling of the background sources, by taking into account atomic effects in beta emission spectra, as well as a redefinition of the energy scale converting the energy deposited into a number of extracted electrons. The results presented show an encouraging sensitivity to both solar and galactic axions
Audirac, Laurent. "Etude de la radioactivité 2-protons de 45Fe avec une chambre à projection temporelle". Phd thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00659079.
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