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Artigos de revistas sobre o tema "Central Bank of Ceylon"

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Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 26 de julho de 2024

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1

Warnabarana, T. D., e P. A. D. D. Randika. "Influencing Factors of Employee Engagement on Financial Wellbeing: Special Reference to Bank of Ceylon, Matara District, Sri Lanka". European Journal of Business and Management Research 7, n.º 1 (28 de fevereiro de 2022): 333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2022.7.1.1274.

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This study "Influencing Factors of Employee Engagement on Financial Wellbeing: Special Reference to Bank of Ceylon, Matara District, Sri Lanka" mainly address the impact of employee engagement on financial wellbeing based on the banking industry in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka’s banking industry plays a crucial role towards the entire economy as it is contributing to about 60% of GDP and among the employed population 40% belongs to this particular industry. Hence, researcher prioritizes to determine the relationship of employee engagement and financial wellbeing and the relationship between influencing factors of employee engagement and financial wellbeing of Bank of Ceylon Matara District. One of the Sri Lankan governments owned systematically important bank was selected through purposive sampling. Structured questionnaire is the primary data collection method and questionnaire was distributed through 350 banking employees who work for Bank of Ceylon in Matara district as respondents. Statistical software naming SPSS used to analyze the data. In the case of data analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis has used as the data analysis techniques to measure variables in different perspectives. Organizational support, Job stress, Information technology in the organization, Family and social support, Individual issues and organizational society are occupied to measure the employee engagement. When summarizing Regression analysis' results, Organizational Society and Job Stress have a positive significant impact on Financial Wellbeing and Individual Issues has negative significant impact on Financial Wellbeing. On the other hand, Organizational Support, Family Support, and ICT have no significant impact on Financial Wellbeing of workers who are working for BOC in Matara district.

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2

Senasinghe, Ranjana Devamitra. "The geography of Nicholas Roerich’s travels in Ceylon (on the basis of the artist’s writings and paintings)". RUDN Journal of Russian History 18, n.º 3 (15 de dezembro de 2019): 642–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8674-2019-18-3-642-660.

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This article discusses Nicholas Roerich´s travel to Ceylon as part of his Central Asian expedition of 1923 -1928, which is a less-known episode in the biography of the artist and thinker. Roerich’s stays in India, Bhutan, Manchuria, China and other countries are already well known, but his visit to Ceylon has not yet been subject to research. One important question pertains to chronology: while Roerich´s diaries establish that he was on the island in 1923, his letters from December 1923 indicate that at the time of writing he was in India. Solving this issue is one purpose of this article. On Roerich’s map of his Central Asian Expedition, Ceylon is marked as a point of stay, yet without specifying the particular places of his visit. This article reconstructs the route of Nicholas Roerich’s trip to Ceylon during which he established contacts and spiritual ties with representatives of religious and secular circles of this island. The present study is based on Roerich´s documents of personal origin, as well as on visual materials from the cycle ‘Ashram’ that the artist created during his visit to Ceylon.

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3

de Haan, Jakob, Sylvester C. W. Eijffinger e Krzysztof Rybiński. "Central bank transparency and central bank communication: Editorial introduction". European Journal of Political Economy 23, n.º 1 (março de 2007): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2006.09.010.

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4

Bech, Morten L., James T. E. Chapman e Rodney J. Garratt. "Which bank is the “central” bank?" Journal of Monetary Economics 57, n.º 3 (abril de 2010): 352–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2010.01.002.

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5

Geraats, Petra M. "Central Bank Transparency". Economic Journal 112, n.º 483 (1 de novembro de 2002): F532—F565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0297.00082.

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6

Reis, Ricardo. "Central Bank Design". Journal of Economic Perspectives 27, n.º 4 (1 de novembro de 2013): 17–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.27.4.17.

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Starting with a blank slate, how could one design the institutions of a central bank for the United States? This paper explores the question of how to design a central bank, drawing on the relevant economic literature and historical experiences while staying free from concerns about how the Fed got to be what it is today or the short-term political constraints it has faced at various times. The goal is to provide an opinionated overview that puts forward the trade-offs associated with different choices and identifies areas where there are clear messages about optimal central bank design.

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7

Baillie, Richard T. "Central bank intervention". Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money 10, n.º 3-4 (dezembro de 2000): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1042-4431(00)00039-1.

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8

Sivanenthira, Sivapragasam, e Sabina Dinesh Kumar. "A study of performance appraisal of people'S bank & Bank of Ceylon in Vavuniya in Sri Lanka". Asian Journal of Multidimensional Research (AJMR) 9, n.º 4 (2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2278-4853.2020.00088.9.

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9

Attanayake, A. M. C. H., e N. Liyanage. "TREND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF THE BANK OF CEYLON, SRI LANKA". Advances and Applications in Statistics 70, n.º 2 (20 de outubro de 2021): 235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17654/as070020235.

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10

Ismail, M. B. M. "Customer Satisfaction of Selected Branches of Bank of Ceylon in Batticaloa District". Journal of Business Studies 3, n.º 2 (1 de dezembro de 2016): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jbs.v3i2.2.

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11

Radovic, Milivoje, Milena Radonjic e Jovan Djuraskovic. "Central Bank Independence – The Case of the Central Bank of Montenegro". Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice 7, n.º 3 (1 de setembro de 2018): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jcbtp-2018-0021.

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Abstract In recent decades, there has been a trend in increasing the level of independence of central banks. The key factor that has contributed to a growing interest in this concept is grounded in economic theory that confirms the link between a lower inflation rate and a greater level of central bank independence. For this reason, in many countries, the existing regulations relating to central bank have been modified to protect its position from the absolute influence of the executive power of the state. This trend was particularly prevalent in transition countries, which was conditioned primarily by the EU accession criteria. The aim of this paper is to analyse independence of the Central Bank of Montenegro through the prism of functional, institutional, financial, and personal independence, and to assess the level of its legal independence by using appropriate indices.

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12

Goldberg, Linda S., e Michael W. Klein. "Evolving Perceptions of Central Bank Credibility: The European Central Bank Experience". NBER International Seminar on Macroeconomics 7, n.º 1 (maio de 2011): 153–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/658305.

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13

PAKSOY, H. Mustafa. "RELATION BETWEEN ISLAMIC BANK AND CENTRAL BANK". International Journal of Social Humanities Sciences Research (JSHSR) 2, n.º 3 (1 de janeiro de 2015): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26450/jshsr.9.

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14

Ize, Alain, Arto Kovanen e Timo Henckel. "Central Banking without Central Bank Money". IMF Working Papers 99, n.º 92 (1999): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451851571.001.

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15

Beblavy, Miroslav. "Central Bankers and Central Bank Independence". Scottish Journal of Political Economy 50, n.º 1 (fevereiro de 2003): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9485.00254.

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16

Upananda, W. A., e U. E. S. Kumara. "Influence of Governing Mechanism on Financial Performance: A Study on Royal Bank of Bhutan and Bank of Ceylon". Wayamba Journal of Management 4, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 2016): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/wjm.v4i2.7458.

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17

Winterbottom, Anna. "Ornithology, Anthropology, and the History of Medicine: Casey Wood's Asian and Pacific Travels and Collections, c1920-36". Papers of The Bibliographical Society of Canada 59 (5 de julho de 2023): 19–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/pbsc.v59i1.37869.

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Casey Wood's retirement allowed him time to expand his horizons, both in terms of his travel and the scope of his intellectual enquiries. His ornithological interests in Fiji in the South Pacific and Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) in South Asia led him to fund the production of two large-scale collections of paintings illustrating the birds of these two islands. Both original collections were reserved for the Blacker-Wood library, but in Ceylon, these paintings also formed the basis of The Coloured Plates of the Birds of Ceylon, published between 1927 and 1935. In Ceylon and Kashmir, Wood collected manuscripts and lithographs, mainly relating to the history of medicine. His collection of palm-leaf manuscripts (olas) from Ceylon was particularly extensive, with over 220 remaining in the Osler and Rare Books and Special Collections branches of the McGill libraries. Wood also collected physical objects, beginning with bird skins, nests, and eggs in Fiji and branching out to include objects associated with healing in Ceylon. The object from Ceylon, numbering around 200, were originally collected for the Medical Museum and are now housed in the Redpath Museum at McGill. They represent a unique resource for the material culture of medicine. Wood's travels brought him into contact with a wide range of people, from the American plant prospector David Fairchild to Rabindranath Tagore, a central figure in the Bengali renaissance. Wood's reflections on his journeys provide some interesting insights into practices of natural history and collecting in late colonial societies on the brink of the second world war.

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18

Martin, Vesna. "Central Bank digital currencies". Bankarstvo 50, n.º 3 (2021): 109–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bankarstvo2103109m.

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Central Bank digital currencies are a digital challenge to the international monetary and financial system. Since the development of cryptocurrency, such as bitcoin, the modern world has faced the possibility of digital technological transformation and providing a digital form of payment for the economy and the household. In addition, the announcement of a digital currency that would have a global reach, such as the Libre issued by the social network Facebook, raised questions about legal and regulatory safeguards, financial stability, and the role of the digital currency in society. All this influenced the leading central banks to recognize the need to conduct a detailed analysis of the possibilities of issuing digital currency of the central bank, which would be a supplement to the cash and non-cash form of payment. These analyzes include considering the advantages and disadvantages of that currency, determining its design and technological solution, as well as the necessary regulatory adjustments. In the coming period, we will witness a technological transformation in the operations of central banks, which, as before, should take care of preserving price and financial stability as its main goals, but also respond to new challenges of digital business.

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19

Jones, Erik, e Matthias Matthijs. "Rethinking Central-Bank Independence". Journal of Democracy 30, n.º 2 (2019): 127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jod.2019.0030.

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20

Plosser, Charles I. "A Limited Central Bank". Journal of Applied Corporate Finance 31, n.º 4 (21 de novembro de 2019): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jacf.12372.

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21

Chatterjee, Charles. "The European Central Bank". Journal of Banking Regulation 4, n.º 3 (março de 2003): 225–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jbr.2340142.

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22

Walsh, Carl E. "Central Bank Independence Revisited". Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy 30, n.º 1 (março de 2011): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-3441.2011.00106.x.

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23

GOMEZ-BARRERO, SEBASTIAN, e JULIAN A. PARRA-POLANIA. "CENTRAL BANK STRATEGIC FORECASTING". Contemporary Economic Policy 32, n.º 4 (11 de março de 2014): 802–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/coep.12049.

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24

van der Cruijsen, Carin A. B., Sylvester C. W. Eijffinger e Lex H. Hoogduin. "Optimal central bank transparency". Journal of International Money and Finance 29, n.º 8 (dezembro de 2010): 1482–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2010.06.003.

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25

Chapman, James T. E., Jonathan Chiu e Miguel Molico. "Central bank haircut policy". Annals of Finance 7, n.º 3 (19 de novembro de 2010): 319–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10436-010-0171-5.

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26

Hayo, Bernd, e Carsten Hefeker. "Reconsidering central bank independence". European Journal of Political Economy 18, n.º 4 (novembro de 2002): 653–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0176-2680(02)00113-1.

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27

OLDANI, CHIARA. "EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK-ECB". BANKPEDIA REVIEW 2, n.º 2 (dezembro de 2012): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14612/oldani_2_2012.

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28

Marshall, Wesley C., e Louis-Philippe Rochon. "Understanding Central Bank Independence". International Journal of Political Economy 51, n.º 4 (2 de outubro de 2022): 346–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08911916.2022.2137352.

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29

Schabert, Andreas. "Optimal central bank lending". Journal of Economic Theory 157 (maio de 2015): 485–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jet.2015.01.016.

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30

Giannone, Domenico, George Kapetanios e Michael W. McCracken. "Editorial: Central bank forecasting". International Journal of Forecasting 35, n.º 4 (outubro de 2019): 1561–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijforecast.2019.08.001.

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31

Mersch, Yves. "Central Bank independence revisited". ERA Forum 18, n.º 4 (23 de janeiro de 2018): 627–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12027-018-0491-x.

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32

Nyborg, Kjell G. "Central bank collateral frameworks". Journal of Banking & Finance 76 (março de 2017): 198–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2016.12.010.

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33

Scharrer, Hans-Eckart. "A European central bank?" Intereconomics 23, n.º 2 (março de 1988): 53–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02927022.

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34

Montes, G. C., e A. Scarpari. "Does central bank communication affect bank risk-taking?" Applied Economics Letters 22, n.º 9 (12 de novembro de 2014): 751–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2014.975325.

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35

Goswami, Rishabh, Farah Hussain e Manish Kumar. "Banking Efficiency Determinants in India: A Two-stage Analysis". Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research 13, n.º 4 (novembro de 2019): 361–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301574219868373.

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This study aims at measuring the technical efficiency of banks in India and examining its determinants. Efficiency is said to be achieved if a bank is able to maximise its output subject to limited inputs. To obtain technical efficiency score, input-oriented Malmquist Data Envelopment Analysis is applied on two outputs and three input variables, based on a VRS (variable returns to scale) assumption. Three foreign banks—namely, A B Bank Ltd, Bank of Ceylon, and Citibank N A—and two Indian banks—namely, HDFC Bank and State Bank of India—are found to be most efficient during the study period. The efficiency scores when subsequently used as the dependent variable along with independent variables—bank size, capitalisation, liquidity risk, returns on assets, interest rate, credit risk, market concentration and gross domestic product (GDP)—in a panel regression analysis found the fixed effect model to be more appropriate in explaining the determinants. The results reveal that liquidity risk, returns on assets, credit risk, market concentration and GDP have a significant effect on the technical efficiency, while banks size, interest rate and level of capitalisation are found to be insignificant variables. JEL Classification: G21, C13, C60

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36

Peek, J., E. S. Rosengren e G. M. B. Tootell. "Is Bank Supervision Central to Central Banking?" Quarterly Journal of Economics 114, n.º 2 (1 de maio de 1999): 629–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/003355399556098.

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37

Blinder, Alan S. "How Central Should the Central Bank Be?" Journal of Economic Literature 48, n.º 1 (1 de março de 2010): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.48.1.123.

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The nature and scope of the Federal Reserve's authority and the structure of its decision making are now “on the table” to an extent that has not been seen since 1935, and the Fed's vaunted independence is under some attack. This essay asks what the Federal Reserve should—and shouldn't—do, leaning heavily on the concept of economies of scope. In particular, I conclude that the central bank should monitor and regulate systemic risk because preserving financial stability is (a) closely aligned with the standard objectives of monetary policy and (b) likely to require lender of last resort powers. I also conclude that the Fed should supervise large financial institutions because that function is so closely to regulating systemic risk. However, several other functions now performed by the Fed could easily be done elsewhere. (JEL E52, E58, G21, G28)

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38

Bodea, Cristina, e Masaaki Higashijima. "Central Bank Independence and Fiscal Policy: Can the Central Bank Restrain Deficit Spending?" British Journal of Political Science 47, n.º 1 (15 de julho de 2015): 47–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123415000058.

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Independent central banks prefer balanced budgets due to the long-run connection between deficits and inflation, and can enforce their preference through interest rate increases and denial of credit to the government. This article argues that legal central bank independence (CBI) deters fiscal deficits predominantly in countries with rule of law and impartial contract enforcement, a free press and constraints on executive power. It further suggests that CBI may not affect fiscal deficits in a counter-cyclical fashion, but instead depending on the electoral calendar and government partisanship. The article also tests the novel hypotheses using new yearly data on legal CBI for seventy-eight countries from 1970 to 2007. The results show that CBI restrains deficits only in democracies, during non-election years and under left government tenures.

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39

Saparamadu, Thilini. "Substitutability of automated teller machines for tellers: with special reference to Bank of Ceylon". Sri Lanka Journal of Economic Research 2, n.º 1 (28 de junho de 2014): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljer.v2i1.98.

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40

Andaya, Leonard Y., J. Noorduyn, Ben Arps, Philip Yampolsky, Victoria M. Clara van Groenendael, Ward Keeler, Jean Gelman Taylor et al. "Book Reviews". Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 144, n.º 2 (1988): 353–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003303.

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- Leonard Y. Andaya, J. Noorduyn, Bima en Sumbawa; Bijdragen tot de geschiedenis van de Sultanaten Bima en Sumbawa door A. Ligtvoet en G.P. Rouffaer, Dordrecht-Holland/Providence-U.S.A.: Foris publications, ix, 187 pp, maps, indexes. - Ben Arps, Philip Yampolsky, Lokananta; A discography of the national recording company of Indonesia 1957-1985, Madison, Wisconsin: Center for Southeast Asian studies, University of Wisconsin, Bibliographical series No. 10, 1987. XIII + 433 pp. - Victoria M. Clara van Groenendael, Ward Keeler, Javanese shadow plays, Javanese selves, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1987. xvii + 282 pages. Illustrations, photographs, bibliography, glossary, index. - Jean Gelman Taylor, Leonard Blussé, Strange company. Chinese settlers. Mestizo women and the Dutch in VOC Batavia. Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, Dordrecht: Foris publications, 1986. - V.J.H. Houben, R.B. van de Weijer, Tussen traditie en wetenschap; Geschiedbeoefening in niet-westerse culturen, Nijmegen 1987., P.G.B. Thissen, R. Schönberger (eds.) - V.J.H. Houben, J. van Goor, Indië/Indonesië; Van kolonie tot natie, HES, Utrecht 1987. - F.G.P. Jaquet, Th. van den End, Gereformeerde zending op Sumba (1859-1972), een bronenpublicatie, bewerkt door Th. van den End. Alphen aan den Rijn: Aska, 1987. XIV, 743 pp. Uitgave van de Raad voor de Zending der Nederlands Hervormde Kerk, de Zending der Gereformeerde Kerken in Nederland en de Gereformeerde Zendingsbond in de Nederlandse Hervormde Kerk. - R.E. Jordaan, Roland Werner, Bomoh/Dukun; The practices and philosophies of the traditional Malay healer, Berne; Institute of Ethnology (Studia ethnologica Bernensia 3), 1986. 106 pp., illustrations and photographs. - P.E. de Josselin de Jong, Werner Kraus, Zwischen reform und rebellion: Über die Entwicklung des Islams in Minangkabau (Westsumatra) zwischen den beiden Reformsbewegungen der Padri (1837) und der Modernisten (1908), Beiträge zur Südasien-Forschung, Südasien-Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Band 8S, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1984. 236 pp. - Wolfgang Marschall, Pietro Scarduelli, L’isola degli antenati di pietra; Strutture sociali e simboliche dei Nias dell’Indonesia, Laterza, Roma-Bari, 1986. IX + 232 pp., 22 pl., 28 figs. - Nigel Phillips, C. Skinner, The battle for Junk Ceylon; The syair Sultan Maulana, Dordrecht: Foris, 1985. viii + 325 pp. - Harry A. Poeze, Mavis Rose, Indonesia free; A political biography of Mohammad Hatta. Ithaca, New York: Cornell Modern Indonesia Project, viii + 245 pp. - D.J. Prentice, Elisabeth Tooker, Naming systems: The 1980 proceedings of the American Ethnological society, The American Ethnological society, 1984. vii + 107 pp., Harold C. Conklin (eds.) - Patricia D. Rueb, Christine Dobbin, Islamic revivalism in a changing peasant economy; Central Sumatra, 1784-1847, London/Malmö; Scandinavian Institute of Asian studies, Monograph series no. 47, 1987, 300 pages, illustrated. - P.C. Verton, Ank Klomp, Politics on Bonaire; An anthropological study. Assen/Maastricht: Van Gorcum, 1986.' [Translated by Dirk H. van der Elst] - Leontine E. Visser, Elisabeth Traube, Cosmology and social life; Ritual exchange among the Mambai of East Timor, Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1986. xxiii + 298 pp., figs., photos, index.

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41

Gopinath, Gita, e Jeremy C. Stein. "Trade Invoicing, Bank Funding, and Central Bank Reserve Holdings". AEA Papers and Proceedings 108 (1 de maio de 2018): 542–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20181065.

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We develop a model that shows how the currency denomination of a country's imports influences the funding structure of its banking system, and in turn, the currency composition of its central bank's reserve holdings. The link between the dollar's role in bank funding and its role as a central bank reserve currency is stronger when the country's fiscal capacity is limited, and when exchange rates are volatile. In the data, there is a pronounced cross-country relationship between the fraction of imports that are dollar invoiced, and the fraction of central-bank foreign-exchange reserves that are held in dollars.

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42

Panico, Carlo, e Marco Piccioni. "Keynes on Central Bank Independence". STUDI ECONOMICI, n.º 118 (agosto de 2017): 190–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ste2016-118012.

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43

Oikonomou, Georgios, e Eleftherios Spyromitros. "Trends in Central Bank Transparency". Theoretical Economics Letters 07, n.º 07 (2017): 2089–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/tel.2017.77142.

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Krivoruchko, Svetlana, Vladislav Ponamorenko e Anatoly Nebera. "Central Bank Policy and Cryptocurrencies". Journal of Reviews on Global Economics 7 (12 de novembro de 2018): 549–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1929-7092.2018.07.51.

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45

Sholopak, Vladyslav. "Central Bank Communication: Forward Guidance". Modern Economics 25, n.º 1 (23 de fevereiro de 2021): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31521/modecon.v25(2021)-25.

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Abstract. Introduction. Incomprehension and misinterpretation of central bank actions by the markets lead to uncertainty. As a result, the volatility of inflation, prices, and assets increases. The low-interest-rate in today’s macroeconomic environment is a common thing. In such circumstances, the economy is so difficult to adapt to internal and external shocks, so inefficiencies caused by incorrect or untimely statements by the regulator can exacerbate the problem and provoke unjustified risks. These new conditions have led to changes in the way information is covered and create a new communication approach. Purpose. Thus, the article aims to systematize the main patterns of forwarding guidance mechanism as a communication tool in monetary policy. Its use in such developed economies as Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the European Union. Identification of major trends in the use of forwarding guidance form during the crises of 2008 and 2020. Determination of why targets are 2% inflation with the description of monetary and communication tools, research of information coverage approaches. Results. The central bank statements affect to decisions of various market participants and can be divided into economic forecasts and forward guidance. According to the forwarding guidance classification, the analysis was made of 2020 statements and compared with the 2008 statements, for each of the studied countries. The finding shows that there has been a shift from economic forecasts to forward guidance. A model consisting of four elements has been identified for the four central banks: target, monetary instruments, statement approach, and information tools. Conclusions. In general, new types such as state-contingent and calendar-based statements began to be used during the last crisis. The most common monetary instrument that appears in statements being the interest rate. The common goals for all central banks are to focus on price stability, which is expressed in inflation of 2%. This target must be long-term and in numerical terms to effectively management inflation expectations and bring down volatility. All banks strive for simplicity and clarity in their statements, and they use a wide range of information tools. Keywords: central bank communicatioт; forward guidance; non-traditional monetary policy instrument.

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Butorina, Olga. "European Central Bank in 2017". Scientific and Analytical Herald of IE RAS 1, n.º 2 (1 de março de 2018): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/vestnikieran2201816.

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Becić, Ivan, e Dejan Antić. "The Central bank of Vranje". Godisnjak Pedagoskog fakulteta u Vranju 9, n.º 2 (2018): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/gufv1802109b.

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Tokic, Damir. "Central Bank Independence and Deflation". Public Administration Review 78, n.º 5 (11 de fevereiro de 2018): 803–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/puar.12919.

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Coombs, Nathan. "Central bank power without central bank autonomy?" Finance and Society, 5 de março de 2024, 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/fas.2023.8.

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Abstract Leon Wansleben’s new book, The Rise of Central Banks, explains how central banks have emerged as powerful monetary governors over the past half-century. Yet the book’s recognition that central banks cannot extricate themselves from quantitative easing and market bailouts begs the question: what does it mean for central banks to be dominant but captive? In this commentary, I identify the book’s ambiguities with the concept of infrastructural power the book draws from Michael Mann. Unless the dynamics of state-market interdependence are well specified, giving due attention to the sources of both public and private power, it is unclear what kind of agency central bankers are exercising if they lack sufficient autonomy to act in the public interest.

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Gupta, Salil. "European Central Bank: Central Bank Repo to Hungary, 2008". SSRN Electronic Journal, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4509152.

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