Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Cartes de masse"

Le lentillage gravitationnelle, qui génère un effet de déformation des images de galaxies lointaines à travers l'influence de densités de matières massives dans la ligne de visée, est très prometteur pour répondre aux questions relatives à la matière noire et à l'énergie sombre. Cet effet permet de sonder directement la distribution de matière noire dans l'Univers, qui est invisible autrement. Dans le régime où ces déformations sont faibles, il est possible de cartographier la distribution de matières projetées dans la ligne de visée, appelée carte de masse, à partir de la mesure de la déformation d'un grand nombre de galaxies. Cependant, la reconstruction de ces cartes de masse est un problème inverse qui est mal posé, à cause de données manquantes et de bruits dans le signal mesuré, et nécessite donc de l'information à priori pour être résolu. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est d'utiliser les récentes avancées sur les modèles génératifs qui permettent de modéliser des distributions complexes dans des espaces de très haute dimension. Nous proposons en particulier une nouvelle méthode pour résoudre les problème inverses de hautes dimensions et mal posés en en caractérisant la distribution a posteriori complète. En apprenant la distribution a priori à partir de de simulations cosmologiques, nous pouvons reconstruire des cartes de masses de très hautes résolution, y compris aux petites échelles, tout en en quantifiant les incertitudes associées. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est d'utiliser les récentes avancées sur les modèles génératifs qui permettent de modéliser des distributions complexes dans des espaces de très haute dimension. Nous proposons en particulier une nouvelle méthode pour résoudre les problèmes inverses de haute dimension et mal posés en en caractérisant la distribution a posteriori complète. En apprenant la distribution a priori à partir de simulations cosmologiques, nous pouvons reconstruire des cartes de masse de très haute résolution, y compris aux petites échelles, tout en en quantifiant les incertitudes associées. De plus, nous présentons une nouvelle méthode de mesure du cisaillement gravitationnel en créant un modèle décrivant les données observées au niveau des pixels. Contrairement aux méthodes standards, cette méthode ne repose pas sur la mesure d'ellipticité des galaxies et introduit donc un nouveau paradigme pour la mesure du cisaillement gravitationnel. Nous proposons en particulier un modèle hiérarchique Bayésien, avec des composantes génératives apprises et des composantes analytiques physiques. Nous montrons que cela permet de résoudre le biais de modèles dans l'estimation du cisaillement gravitationnel<br>Gravitational lensing, which is the effect of the distortion of distant galaxy images through the influence of massive matter densities in the line of sight, holds significant promise in addressing questions about dark matter and dark energy. It reflects the distribution of total matter of the Universe and is therefore a promising probe for cosmological models. In the case where these distortions are small, we call it the weak gravitational lensing regime and a straightforward mapping exists between the matter distribution projected in the line of sight, called mass-map, and the measured lensing effect. However, when attempting to reconstruct matter mass-maps under conditions involving missing data and high noise corruption, this linear inverse problem becomes ill-posed and may lack a meaningful solution without additional prior knowledge. The main objective of this thesis is to employ recent breakthroughs in the generative modeling literature that enable the modeling of complex distribution in high-dimensional spaces. We propose in particular a novel methodology to solve high-dimensional ill-posed inverse problems, characterizing the full posterior distribution of the problem. By learning the high dimensional prior from cosmological simulations, we demonstrate that we are able to reconstruct high-resolution 2D mass-maps alongside uncertainty quantification. Additionally, we present a new method for cosmic shear estimation based on forward modeling of the observation at the pixel level. This represents a new paradigm for weak lensing measurement as it does not rely on galaxy ellipticities anymore. In particular, we propose to build a hybrid generative and physical hierarchical Bayesian model and demonstrate that we can remove the source of model bias in the estimation of the cosmic shear

L'effet de lentille gravitationnelle, qui se traduit par une deformation des images nous parvenant de galaxies lointaines, constitue l'une des techniques les plus prometteuse pour répondre aux nombreuses questions portant sur la nature de l'énergie sombre et de la matière noire. Cet effet de lentille étant sensible à la masse totale, il permet de sonder directement la distribution de matière noire, qui resterait autrement invisible. En mesurant la forme d'un grand nombre de galaxies lointaines, il est possible d'estimer statistiquement les déformations causées par l'effet de lentille gravitationnelles puis d'en inférer la distribution de masse à l'origine de ces deformations. La reconstruction de ces cartes de masses constitue un problème inverse qui se trouve être mal posé dans un certain nombre de situations d'interêt, en particulier lors de la reconstruction de la carte de masse aux petites échelles ou en trois dimensions. Dans ces situations, il devient impossible de reconstruire une carte sans l'ajout d'information a priori.Une classe particulière de méthodes, basées sur un a priori de parcimonie, s'est révélé remarquablement efficace pour résoudre des problèmes inverses similaires pour un large champ d'applications tels que la géophysique et l'imagerie médicale. Le but principal de cette these est donc d'adapter ces techniques de régularisation parcimonieuses au problème de la cartographie de la matière noire afin de developper une nouvelle generation de méthodes. Nous développons en particulier de nouveaux algorithmes permettant la reconstruction de carte masses bi-dimensionnelles de haute resolution ainsi que de cartes de masses tri-dimensionnelles. Nous appliquons de plus les mêmes méthodes de régularisation parcimonieuse au problème de la reconstruction du spectre de puissance des fluctuations primordiales de densités à partir de mesures du fond diffus cosmologique, ce qui constitue un problème inverse particulièrement difficile a résoudre. Nous développons un nouvel algorithme pour résoudre ce problème, que nous appliquons aux données du satellite Planck.Enfin, nous investiguons de nouvelles méthodes pour l'analyse de relevés cosmologiques exprimés en coordonnées sphériques. Nous développons une nouvelle transformée en ondelettes pour champs scalaires exprimés sur la boulle 3D et nous comparons différentes méthodes pour l'analyse cosmologique de relevés de galaxies spectroscopiques<br>Gravitational lensing, that is the distortion of the images of distant galaxies by intervening massive objects, has been identified as one of the most promising probes to help answer questions relative to the nature of dark matter and dark energy. As the lensing effect is caused by the total matter content, it can directly probe the distribution of the otherwise invisible dark matter. By measuring the shapes of distant galaxies and statistically estimating the deformations caused by gravitational lensing, it is possible to reconstruct the distribution of the intervening mass. This mass-mapping process can be seen as an instance of a linear inverse problem, which can be ill-posed in many situations of interest, especially when mapping the dark matter on small angular scales or in three dimensions. As a result, recovering a meaningful mass-map in these situations is not possible without prior information. In recent years, a class of methods based on a so-called sparse prior has proven remarkably successful at solving similar linear inverse problems in a wide range of fields such as medical imaging or geophysics. The primary goal of this thesis is to apply these sparse regularisation techniques to the gravitational lensing problem in order to build next-generation dark matter mass-mapping tools. We propose in particular new algorithms for the reconstruction of high-resolution 2D mass-maps and 3D mass-maps and demonstrate in both cases the effectiveness of the sparse prior. We also apply the same sparse methodologies to the reconstruction the primordial density fluctuation power spectrum from measurements of the Cosmic Microwave Background which constitutes another notoriously difficult inverse problem. We apply the resulting algorithm to reconstruct the primordial power spectrum using data from the Planck satellite. Finally, we investigate new methodologies for the analysis of cosmological surveys in spherical coordinates. We develop a new wavelet transform for the analysis of scalar fields on the 3D ball. We also conduct a comparison of methods for the 3D analysis of spectroscopic galaxy survey

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenahria de Alimentos.<br>Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-21T16:18:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 201821.pdf: 670587 bytes, checksum: acf57885db4760765506c7da7ee74c28 (MD5)<br>O resfriamento a vácuo é considerado um método de resfriamento rápido, sendo largamente aplicado em vegetais folhosos, além de ser também empregado para o pré-resfriamento de flores após a colheita. O resfriamento é obtido pela evaporação da água do próprio produto, quando este é submetido a uma baixa pressão em uma câmara hermética. Um dispositivo experimental foi montado para a realização deste trabalho e a aplicação da técnica de resfriamento a vácuo foi avaliada através da realização de três estudos. A influência da taxa de redução de pressão durante o resfriamento a vácuo de cortes de frango cozidos foi investigada no primeiro estudo. Através do controle da taxa de evacuação da câmara de vácuo, por um dispositivo de vazamentos calibrados, a perda de massa foi reduzida em 1,11%. Quando comparado com outros processos de resfriamento a vácuo, onde o controle da taxa de evacuação foi efetuado, o resfriamento a vácuo de cortes de frango cozidos mostrou ser a aplicação mais eficiente quanto à relação decréscimo de temperatura por perda percentual de massa. No segundo estudo foram realizados experimentos com diferentes cortes de carne pré-cozidos, obtendo-se dados que foram utilizados para determinar correlações empíricas entre o produto do coeficiente de transferência de massa e da área total de transferência de massa (kS) com o volume das amostras avaliadas. Os resultados indicaram que a evaporação da água pode ocorrer em todo o volume das amostras, o que é fundamental para a obtenção de resfriamentos homogêneos. A aplicabilidade da técnica para o resfriamento de mexilhões após a etapa de cozimento foi avaliada no terceiro estudo. Os experimentos foram realizados em três diferentes sistemas de resfriamento. Os mexilhões pré-cozidos puderam ser resfriados de 90 a 40ºC em menos de dois minutos. Além disso, os processos de cozimento e de resfriamento podem ser realizados em uma mesma câmara, reduzindo a manipulação do produto. Assim, o resfriamento a vácuo de cortes de carnes cozidos é uma alternativa viável de aplicação industrial, mas que deve ser acompanhada de análises sensoriais do produto resfriado, pois modificações de textura e suculência das carnes foram evidenciadas.

Previous research in social psychology has suggested that ostracism has a negative impact on SE, and also can affect how much food individuals will consume. Moreover, research in the eating disorders literature shows a negative relationship between self-esteem and eating. As such, the present experiment was designed to merge these two lines of research to examine what causal role, if any, self-esteem plays in men\'s and women\'s food consumption. It was proposed that some individuals should show a lack of self regulation in terms of the type and amount of food eaten following ostracism. It was also predicted that this effect would have some possible moderators. To test this prediction, participants were randomly assigned to either an ostracism or inclusion condition within the computer game Cyberball. Results indicated that the ostracism manipulation did not result in the anticipated decrease in SE status nor did it cause any significant changes in eating behavior. Nevertheless, significant correlations between SE and body dissatisfaction (BD) were observed, as well as between BD and appearance based rejection sensitivity. There were also significant correlations between body mass index (BMI) and BD, as well as between SE and ARS in both genders. There was also a significant correlation between SE and BMI, but only for male participants. Exploratory analyses revealed that there may have been an unforeseen impact of experimenter gender on eating behavior post ostracism such that self presentation may have impacted the manner in which individuals responded to ostracism.

O presente estudo teve por objetivo comparar a composição da saliva de adolescentes com lesões de cárie ativas com a de jovens livres de lesões de cárie. Doze adolescentes com idade média de 15,2 (desvio padrão = 1,6) anos foram divididos em três grupos de acordo com acometimento pela cárie dentária: Grupo CA - participantes com o mínimo de quatro lesões cariosas cavitadas ativas (n=4), classificadas com os escores 5 e/ou 6 pelo Sistema Internacional de Detecção e Avaliação de Cárie (ICDAS, do inglês International Caries Detection and Assessment System); Grupo MB - adolescentes (n = 4) com pelo menos quatro lesões cariosas iniciais ativas (ICDAS 1 e/ou 2); e grupo CO - composto de participantes sem lesões de cárie ativas (n = 4). Proteínas provenientes de saliva estimulada (20 ?g) foram submetidas a espectrometria de massa e eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida contendo dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS-PAGE) em três experimentos independentes. Valores densitométricos de quinze bandas de diferentes pesos moleculares dos géis SDS-PAGE foram mensurados e analisados por análise de variância ( p<0,05). Espectrometria de massa foi realizada para identificar e caracterizar o proteoma das bandas que mostraram diferenças em três diferentes géis. A quantificação relativa consistiu na realização de eletroforese SDS-PAGE contendo proteínas salivares dos grupos MB e CO pareadas lado a lado de acordo com a concentração de proteínas total. As bandas foram analisadas densitometricamente e as proteínas nelas contidas foram também quantificadas por espectrometria de massa. Resultados encontrados na análise com SDS-PAGE revelaram que quatro bandas de alto e baixo peso molecular do grupo MB se mostraram estatisticamente quando comparadas ao grupo CO. As amostras do grupo CA não mostraram diferenças na comparação ao grupo CO. A análise por espectrometria de massa revelou o conteúdo proteico das amostras de saliva e das bandas eletroforéticas dos géis SDS-PAGE que demonstraram diferenças. A análise quantitativa relativa mostrou as diferenças entre os grupos nas bandas de alto, médio e baixo pesos moleculares, bem como das proteínas nelas presentes. Este estudo concluiu que existem diferenças na composição proteômica da saliva de adolescentes acometidos por cárie quando comparados a jovens sem lesões ativas, principalmente quando se considerou lesões de cárie iniciais.<br>This study aimed to compare the salivary protein content of adolescents presenting active caries lesions with caries-free persons. Twelve adolescents with average age of 15.2 (standard deviation=1.6) years old were divided into three groups according to the caries occurrence: Group CA - participants with at least four active cavitated caries lesions (n = 4), classified as scores 5 and/or 6 according to the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS); Group MB - adolescents (n = 4) in which subjects showed at least four cavitated active lesions (ICDAS 5 and 6), group MB (n=4) with at least four active initial caries lesions (scores 1 and/or 2 of ICDAS); and group CO - with subjects with no active caries lesions (n = 4). Proteins from stimulated saliva (20 ?g) were submitted to sodium-dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) in three independent experiments. Densitometric values from fifteen bands of different molecular weights were measured and analyzed with analysis of variance (p<0.05). Mass spectrometry was used to identify and characterize the proteome from electrophoretic bands. Relative quantification consisted in submit to SDS-PAGE salivary protein samples paired by total protein concentration from groups MB and CO. Electrophoretic bands were densitometrically analyzed, and their protein content were quantified with mass spectrometry. Results from SDS-PAGE revealed that four bands of high and low molecular weight from group MB were statistically higher when compared to group CO. Samples from group CA did not show differences when compared to group CO. Mass spectrometry showed the protein content from SDS-PAGE electrophoretic bands. Relative quantitative analysis showed differences among groups in bands of high, middle and low molecular weights, as well in their proteins. This study concludes that there are differences in the proteomic composition of saliva from adolescents with active caries lesions when compared to persons with no active caries lesions, mainly considering initial active caries lesions.

Orientador: Marines Nobre dos Santos Uchoa<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T07:50:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Monteiro-Oliveira_MarcelaPinto_D.pdf: 1338284 bytes, checksum: ffd883f94e84a177b8c0612ef47d0772 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015<br>Resumo: Este estudo transversal objetivou investigar a relação entre o estado nutricional, cárie dental, exposição diária ao açúcar e fatores sociais, assim como a presença de biofilme visível em 303 pré-escolares de 3 a 5 anos da cidade de Teresina-PI. A cárie dental foi determinada por meio do critério da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) incluindo lesões iniciais de mancha branca (LMB). O peso e altura corporais foram mensurados e o Índice de massa corporal (IMC) obtido foi plotado em diagrama segundo gênero e faixa etária para obter-se o ranking do percentil segundo o Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Os dados de exposição diária ao açúcar (líquido, sólido e total) foram obtidos pelo diário de dieta, usando-se a média de exposição diária de 72 horas. A presença de biofilme dental clinicamente visível nos incisivos superiores foi também registrada. Os fatores comportamentais e socioeconômicos foram coletados por meio de uma entrevista com as mães ou responsáveis pelas crianças. Os dados foram analisados por meio do teste qui quadrado seguido de regressão logística múltipla (? = 0,05, intervalo de confiança = 95%). Os resultados mostraram que 10,6% das crianças eram malnutridas, 17,2% tinham baixo peso, 44,9% apresentaram peso normal, 15,5% tinham sobrepeso e 11,9% eram obesos; 24,8% estavam livres de cárie e 75,2% apresentavam cárie precoce da infância (CPI). A média do ceo-s + LMB foi 10,8 (+ 11,2). Crianças com experiência de cárie apresentaram 0,3 mais chance de serem obesas do que aquelas livres de cárie (p = 0,0049). Da mesma forma, aquelas que consumiam líquidos açucarados mais de 2 vezes por dia apresentaram 2,7 mais chance de serem obesas (p = 0,0339). Nenhuma associação foi encontrada ente cárie e sobrepeso (p = 0,3640) e a presença de biofilme dental (p= 0,3190). Crianças que apresentaram o hábito de dormir com a mamadeira mostraram 2,3 vezes mais chance de terem baixo peso do que aquelas sem esse hábito (p = 0,0174). O gênero feminino apresentou a probabilidade 0,3 vezes maior de serem malnutridas do que o masculino (p = 0,00797). Além disso, pré-escolares com a presença de biofilme dental tiveram 3,1 vezes mais chance de serem malnutridas do que aquelas sem biofilme visível (p = 0,0247). Este estudo mostrou que houve relação entre experiência de cárie, consumo de líquidos açucarados e obesidade. Também mostrou relação entre o uso da mamadeira noturna e baixo peso na infância. Fatores socioeconômicos não foram relacionados ao estado nutricional da criança<br>Abstract: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship among body mass index (BMI), dental caries, sugar exposure and social factors, as well as the presence of visible biofilm in 303 three-to-five-year-old preschoolers in the city of Teresina-PI, Brazil. Dental caries was recorded according to the World Health Organization criteria (WHO) + early caries lesions (ECL). Body weight/height was determined and BMI was calculated. Data regarding the sugar exposure was recorded using the mean exposure of 72-hour recall diet frequency chart. The presence of clinically visible dental biofilm on maxillary incisors was also recorded. Behavioral and social economic status of the study subjects were assessed using an interview applied to the mother. Data were analyzed by chi-square test followed by multiple logistic regression analysis (? = 0.05, confidence interval = 95%). The results showed that 10.6% of the children were malnourished, 17.2% were underweight, 44.9% had health weight, 15.5% were at risk of overweight, and 11.9% were obese; 24.8% were caries free and 75.2% had early childhood caries (ECC). The mean dmfs score was 10.8 (± 11.2). Preschool children with ECC were 0.3 times more likely to be obese than caries free children (p = 0.0049). In the same way, those who consumed liquid sugar more than 2 times a day, were 2.7 times more likely to be obese (p = 0.0339). No association was found between overweight and caries (p=0.3640) and dental biofilm (p= 0.3190). Preschool children who slept with a bottle were 2.3 times more likely to have underweight than children who did not sleep with a bottle (p = 0.0174). Female preschool children were 0.3 times more likely to be malnourished than boys (p = 0.00797). Moreover, preschool children with presence of dental biofilm were 3.1 times more likely to be malnourished than children with absent biofilm (p = 0.0247). In conclusion, our results suggest that preschool children having early childhood caries and a high liquid sugar consumption were more likely to be obese and those who were bottle fed during the night showed a higher chance of having underweight<br>Doutorado<br>Odontopediatria<br>Doutora em Odontologia

Introduction: Childhood obesity and dental caries (DC) have increased worldwide and are continuing to pose challenges to public health. The increasing risk of obesity for children is of particular concern because research has suggested that childhood obesity predicts adult obesity. Children experiencing DC early in their lives have a much greater probability of subsequent caries in their permanent dentitions and adulthood. Studies have reported a strong association between the nutritional intake and DC and reported a direct link between DC, sugar consumption and obesity. Objectives: to assess the association between dental caries (DC), the Body Mass Index (BMI) and diet among grade six learners at selected primary schools in Tshwane West District. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study of grade six learners was carried out in Tshwane. The data collection consisted of a questionnaire, clinical oral examination and anthropometric measurements. All clinical data was collected by a single calibrated examiner. A validated questionnaire was used to collect the demographic data and the type of diet consumed. The SPSS version 23 software was used for analysis. Descriptive statistics, Chi-Square test to test for significance for categorical data and logistic regression analysis were used to determine statistical significance. Results: The response rate was 83% (440) and of these 53% were male. The mean age of the participants was 11.8yrs. The majority of the participant’s fathers (71%) and 50% of mothers were employed. The DC prevalence was 43% with a mean DMFT score of 1.19 (SD= ±1.79). The PUFA score was zero. Less than half (47%) of the participants reported to brush their teeth twice daily. The majority (71%) claimed to drink between one and one and a half glasses of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) with 67% eating between one and three sweets per day. While most of the participants reported having a balanced meal at supper, a third reported eating junk food. The majority (71%) of participants had a BMI score that was within the normal range with 19% being overweight. There were no significant associations between the mean DMFT, BMI scores and the SES of the participants. Conclusion: The DMFT was low, but the decayed component was relatively high. The PUFA score was zero. Most participants were classified as having a “normal” BMI with almost a quarter being classified “overweight”. There were no significant associations between the DMFT and the mean BMI scores and SES of the learners. More than half of the participants were from a medium SES and had a slightly high DMFT score than their counterparts. Less than half reported to brush their teeth daily, most of them had a balanced diet at supper.<br>Dissertation (MChD)--University of Pretoria, 2017.<br>Community Dentistry<br>MChD<br>Unrestricted

Les régions polaires représentent actuellement les régions mondiales où les changements liés au réchauffement climatique se manifestent de manière particulière et souvent spectaculaire. Notre capacité actuelle à comprendre les modes naturels de la variabilité climatique dans ces zones, ainsi que les impacts directs ou indirects de l'activité anthropique sur ces modes, reste encore relativement limitée. Ainsi, la nappe glaciaire Antarctique et ses composantes (atmosphère, océan, glace de mer) restent encore mal représentées dans les modèles climatiques actuels, contribuant notamment à de fortes incertitudes sur les projections climatiques futures et l'évolution associée du niveau des océans. La poursuite des études sur l'équilibre ou non (et l'évolution future) du bilan de masse (surface et total) des différents secteurs du continent Antarctique, par rapport au réchauffement climatique actuel, s'avère donc primordiale. Dans le cadre de ce manuscrit, je propose de contribuer à réduire les incertitudes du Bilan de Masse de Surface (BMS) Antarctique, permettant d'aborder une optimisation de la cartographie actuelle de ce dernier que ce soit avec les modèles climatiques ou les cartes d'interpolation de BMS.

Les régions polaires représentent actuellement les régions mondiales où les changements liés au réchauffement climatique se manifestent de manière particulière et souvent spectaculaire. Notre capacité actuelle à comprendre les modes naturels de la variabilité climatique dans ces zones, ainsi que les impacts directs ou indirects de l'activité anthropique sur ces modes, reste encore relativement limitée. Ainsi, la nappe glaciaire Antarctique et ses composantes (atmosphère, océan, glace de mer) restent encore mal représentées dans les modèles climatiques actuels, contribuant notamment à de fortes incertitudes sur les projections climatiques futures et l'évolution associée du niveau des océans. La poursuite des études sur l'équilibre ou non (et l'évolution future) du bilan de masse (surface et total) des différents secteurs du continent Antarctique, par rapport au réchauffement climatique actuel, s'avère donc primordiale. Dans le cadre de ce manuscrit, je propose de contribuer à réduire les incertitudes du Bilan de Masse de Surface (BMS) Antarctique, permettant d'aborder une optimisation de la cartographie actuelle de ce dernier que ce soit avec les modèles climatiques ou les cartes d'interpolation de BMS<br>The study of the cryosphere, which is one of the main active component in the global climate system, including global sea level, represents a major interest in the understanding of the current climatic changes. The polar zones are, at the moment, the world areas where the climatic changes appear in a spectacular way, and this reinforces the necessity of a better understanding of the total and surface mass balance of the ice sheets. Indeed, the Antarctic mass balance (surface and total), is not well known yet and is not correctly represented in current climatic models; this matter of fact contributes to strong uncertainties about future climate projection as well as associated potential contribution on sea level change. As a consequence, the continuation of studies on total and surface mass balance (and future change) in the different Antarctic regions, in response to the actual (and future climate), appears essential. In the framework of the present manuscript, I propose to reduce uncertainties in the Antarctic surface mass balance (SMB) estimates, inducing the possibility to optimize the reconstruction of the accumulation parameter over the continent with atmospheric general circulation (climatic) models and interpolation maps of in situ observations

En biologie, la spectrométrie de masse est devenue l'outil incontournable pour l'identification des protéines. Associée à des techniques de séparation, elle est aussi utilisée pour mesurer la variation d'abondance des protéines entre plusieurs échantillons. Cependant, la très grande quantité et complexité des données liées à ce type d'analyse requièrent des programmes informatiques sophistiqués et adaptés. Mon travail de doctorat a consisté à répondre aux différentes problématiques liées à l'exploitation des données nanoLC-MS/MS, à savoir la validation des résultats d'identification ainsi que la quantification relative des protéines pour des approches mettant en œuvre ou non un marquage isotopique. Le logiciel MFPaQ, dont deux versions sont présentées dans ce document, en est le principal résultat. La version 3 intègre des fonctionnalités telle que la validation des données Mascot, la génération de listes non-redondantes de protéines et la quantification d'analyses ICAT. La version 4, évolution majeure du logiciel, incorpore des algorithmes adaptés à l'analyse quantitative de données MS sans marquage, ainsi que la gestion des stratégies de marquage SILAC et 14N/15N. Son utilisation a facilité la réalisation d'études protéomiques, dont certaines, auxquelles j'ai plus particulièrement participé, sont présentées. Afin de répondre aux futurs enjeux informatiques de la protéomique, j'ai entrepris dans un second temps le développement du logiciel Prosper, qui dispose d'une architecture d'organisation des données permettant de réaliser des requêtes croisées sur l'ensemble des échantillons analysés. Il constitue aussi un outil prototype pour l'élaboration de nouveaux algorithmes<br>In biology, mass spectrometry has become an indispensable tool for protein identification. Associated with separation techniques, it can also be used to measure the variation of protein abundance between different samples. However, due to the huge quantity and complexity of the data produced by this kind of analysis, sophisticated and suitable computer programs are needed. My PhD work was to address the different issues related to the processing of nanoLC-MS/MS data, namely the validation of the identification results, and the relative quantification of proteins using approaches based or not on isotopic labeling. The MFPaQ program, two versions of which are presented here, is the main result of this work. Version 3 includes features such as Mascot data validation, generation of non-redundant protein lists and quantification of ICAT analyses. Version 4, which represents a major upgrade of the software, incorporates additional algorithms for quantitative analysis of label-free MS data, as well as for the handling of the 14N/15N and SILAC labeling strategies. This bioinformatic tool has been used for various proteomic studies, some of which are discussed here. In order to meet future IT challenges in proteomics, I undertook later the development of the Prosper software, which is based on an optimized architecture for organizing data, and allows performing cross-queries on all analysed samples. It also constitutes a prototype tool for the development and evaluation of new algorithms

Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this assignment is to examine two investigative journalism programmes in South Africa, namely Carte Blanche and SpecialAssignment in order to ascertain whether two South African policing organisations have been subjected to racist stereotyping on these two programmes. Both these programmes are held in high esteem within South African and international media circles. Carte Blanche has won many awards, such as the prestigious eNN African Journalist of the Year Award in 2002. Special Assignment won the equivalent award in 2001. The approaches and styles in revealing the truth by using investigative forms of journalism are however slightly different. Both Carte Blanche and Special Assignment have produced stories from August 2003 to September 2004 that have exposed corruption within the South African policing organisations. Many of the perpetrators within the police force were identified as people of colour. This assignment therefore aims to discover whether racist stereotyping exists in this niche of investigative journalism television programmes. This opens up the possibility for these portrayals to be seen as stereotypical, since the dominant press codes in South Africa stipulates that reference to 'race' in news reporting should only be done where it will contribute significantly to understanding the subject matter or if the reference to the race of the person is particularly applicable. This assignment aims to discover whether racist stereotyping exists in this niche of investigative journalism television programmes. The research method comprised analysing programmes on Carte Blanche and Special Assignment that dealt with the South African policing organisations from August 2003 to September 2004. The original transcripts of the programmes were retrieved from the relevant websites of Carte Blanche and Special Assignment and have also been studied. Sources on media ethics as well as newspaper and magazine articles dealing with the South African policing organisations, crime and corruption were scrutinized in order to provide background information for the study. The analyses of the programmes was complemented by interviews conducted with the investigative journalists at the helm of the two programmes, namely, Ruda Landman from Carte Blanche and Jessica Pitchford from Special Assignment.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie is om twee ondersoekende joernalistiekprogramme in Suid-Afrika, naamlik Carte Blanche en Special Assignment, te ondersoek ten einde vas te stelof die Suid- Afrikaanse polisiëringsorganisasies in dié twee programme aan rassestereotipering onderhewig is. Albei dié programme word hoog geag in Suid-Afrikaanse en internasionale mediakringe. Carte Blanche het reeds verskeie toekennings gewen, soos die toonaangewende eNN Afrikajoernalis van die Jaar Toekenning in 2002. Special Assignment het hierdie toekenning in 2001 gewen. Die benaderings en styl wat tydens die bekendmaking van die waarheid gevolg word deur die toepassing van ondersoekende vorme van joernalistiek verskil egter effe. Sowel Carte Blanche as Special Assignment het van Augustus 2003 tot September 2004 stories opgelewer wat korrupsie in die Suid-Afrikaanse polisiëringsorganisasies aan die kaak gestel het. Baie van die skuldiges in die polisiemag is geïdentifiseer as gekleurde mense. Hierdie studie beoog dus om vas te stel of daar rassestereotipering in hierdie afdeling van televisieprogramme met betrekking tot ondersoekende joernalistiek bestaan. Ondersoekende joernalistiek is ongetwyfeld een van die stimulerendste afdelings van die joernalistiek. Dit is 'n uitgesproke vorm van joernalistiek wat die vermoë het om die samelewing te beïnvloed. Ondersoekende joernalistiek maak gewoonlik misdrywe aan die publiek bekend. Die konsekwente uitbeelding van gekleurde mense op 'n negatiewe wyse sou kon lei tot die inboet van etiese waardes en dus tot rassestereotipering. Die navorsingsmetode het behels dat daar van Augustus 2003 tot September 2004 na programme oor die Suid-Afrikaanse polisiëringsorganisasies op Carte Blanche en Special Assignment gekyk is en dat dit op band opgeneem is. Die oorspronklike transkripsies van die programme is van Carte Blanche en Special Assignment se onderskeie webtuistes verkry en word as bylaes by hierdie studie aangeheg. Bronne oor media-etiek asook koerant- en tydskrifartikels wat oor die Suid-Afrikaanse polisiëringsorganisasies, misdaad en korrupsie handel, is noukeurig nagegaan. 'n Persoonlike onderhoud is met Ruda Landman van Carte Blanche gevoer, en met Jessica Pitchford van Special Assignment is 'n onderhoud per e-pos gevoer. Landman en Pitchford was albei betrokke by die samestelling van die betrokke

Fetma är en av världens snabbast växande sjukdomar och karies är fortfarande en vanlig sjukdom hos barn och ungdomar. Syftet med denna licentiatavhandling har varit att: beskriva frekvensen av övervikt och fetma från födseln till tjugo års ålder. analysera vikt och viktutvecklingen från födseln till vuxen ålder. undersöka prevalens av approximal karies hos femtonåringar i förhållande till deras åldersspecifika BMI (isoBMI). undersöka tidiga mellanmålsvanor och karies vid femton års ålder. I studien ingick 671 barn följda från 1 till 20 års ålder. Studien har en populationsbaserad longitudinell design och analyserna baserar sig på uppgifter från barnhälsovårds (BHV) -, skolhälsovårds (SHV)- och folktandvårdsjournaler (FTV) från fyra distrikt i Jönköpings kommun. Längd, vikt och födelsediagnoser är inhämtade från BHV- journaler. Från SHV journaler inhämtades längd och viktuppgifter vid 15 år och från FTV journaler inhämtades uppgifter om kariesförekomst vid 15 och 20 års ålder. Dessutom inhämtades data från intervjuer och frågeformulär, som samlats in då barnen var 1 och 3 år gamla. Studien visade att det finns ett samband mellan övervikt/fetma vid 20 års ålder och övervikt/fetma vid 5½ och 15 års ålder. Emellertid var 70 % av dem som hade övervikt/fetma vid 20 år normalviktiga vid 5½ år och 47 % av dem med övervikt/fetma var normalviktiga vid 15 års ålder. Studien visade också att tonåringar med övervikt och fetma hade en signifikant högre prevalens av approximal karies än de som var normalviktiga. Vidare påvisades ett samband mellan förtäring av kariesriskprodukter vid 1 och 3 år och kariesförekomst vid 15 år. Det framkom inget samband mellan födelsevikt och senare övervikt/fetma vid 20 års ålder. Studien visade inte heller något tydligt mönster av viktutvecklingen från tidig barndom till ung vuxen. Ett barn kunde t ex ha övervikt vid ett mättillfälle för att vid nästa mättillfälle vara normalviktig och sedan överviktig igen. Framtida preventionsprogram för att förebygga både fetma och karies bör samordnas mellan de olika hälsoprofessionerna. Med tanke på att minst hälften av individer som utvecklar övervikt/ fetma till 20 års ålder rekryterades efter 15 års ålder bör denna tonårsgrupp ges särskild uppmärksamhet och nya former för prevention och behandling behöver utvecklas. För barn i förskoleåldern bör primär prevention riktas till hela populationen.<br>Obesity is one of the most rapid growing illnesses and dental caries is still a common illness by children and youth. The aims of this licentiate thesis were: describe frequency of overweight and obesity from birth to twenty years of age. analyze weight and weight development from birth to adult age. examine prevalence of approximal dental caries by teenagers fifteen years of age comparing to their age-specific BMI (isoBMI). examine early snacking habits and dental caries at the age of fifteen. The investigations have a population based longitudinal design and the analyses are based on data from 671 children followed from birth to 20 years of age. Information about weight and height were collected from health records at child health centers and school health care. At 20 years of age, weight and height measurements were performed by one of the authors. Data were also selected from caries examinations, interviews and questionnaires when the children were 1 and 3 years of age and from the children’s bitewing radiographs at 15 years of age. The result showed an association between overweight/obesity at 20 years and overweight/obesity at 5½ and 15 years. However, 70% of those who were overweight/obese at 20 years were of normal weight at 5½ years and 47% at 15 years. The majority of those who were overweight/obese at 20 years of age were recruited after 5.5 years of age and half of them in their late teens. Another finding was that overweight and obese adolescents had more approximal caries than normal-weight adolescents. Furthermore, consumption of snacking products and soft drinks at an early age appears to be associated with caries at 15 years of age. There was no connection found between birth weight and later overweight/obesity at 20 years of age. The study could not demonstrate any distinct patterns of the weight development from early childhood to young adult. A child could, for example, have overweight/obesity at one measurement, have normal weight at the next and then again have overweight/obesity at the third measurement. Because dental caries and overweight/obesity have common determinants further prevention measures should include strategies to prevent and reduce both overweight/obesity and dental caries in the young population. During the preschool period, the entire population should be the target of primary prevention from overweight/obesity, while, in the case of teenagers, prevention strategies should be developed for the whole population and treatment strategies for teenagers with established overweight/obesity.

O objetivo desta tese foi estudar a população adulta e idosa do sul do Brasil em relação: (1) à prevalência, extensão e distribuição intra-bucal de cárie coronária e cárie radicular; (2) à associação do nível educacional com a experiência de cárie coronária e cárie radicular; (3) às estimativas de prevalência e indicadores de risco para cárie coronária e cárie radicular; e (4) à associação do sobrepeso e obesidade com a experiência de cárie coronária e cárie radicular. Um estudo transversal de base-populacional foi conduzido entre junho de 2011 e junho de 2012. Uma estratégia de amostragem em múltiplos estágios foi usada para selecionar uma amostra representativa de 1.023 indivíduos com idade ≥35 anos. Questionários registraram dados sobre características sociodemográficas, hábitos de higiene oral, acesso a serviços odontológicos e tabagismo. Exames clínicos avaliaram sangramento gengival, recessão gengival, cárie coronária e cárie radicular. Medidas antropométricas foram coletadas para o cálculo do índice de massa corporal. Regressão binomial negativa foi utilizada para avaliar a associação do nível educacional, sobrepeso e obesidade com a experiência de cárie coronária e cárie radicular. Regressão de Poisson foi utilizada para avaliar a associação entre as variáveis explanatórias e a atividade de cárie coronária e cárie radicular. A prevalência de cárie coronária e cárie radicular foi de 99,73% (95% IC 99,31-100,00) e 41,14% (95% IC 37,57-44,72), respectivamente. A prevalência de atividade de cárie coronária e cárie radicular foi de 34,26% (95% IC 27,13-41,38) e 14,73% (95% IC 11,16-18,30), respectivamente. A média do CPOD coronário e COD radicular foi de 18,73 (95% IC 18,29-19,17) e 1,15 (95% IC 0,95-1,34), respectivamente. A média do CPOS coronário e COS radicular foi de 66,56 (95% IC 63,30-69,83) e 1,49 (95% IC 1,25-1,73), respectivamente. A média do CPOD coronário foi significativamente maior nos grupos mais velhos comparados aos indivíduos com idade entre 35-44 anos. A média do CS coronário diminuiu significativamente entre indivíduos com idade entre 35-44 anos e aqueles com idade entre 45-59 e ≥60 anos. A média do PS coronário aumentou significativamente com o aumento da idade. As estimativas para cárie radicular foram significativamente maiores em indivíduos com idade entre 45-59 e ≥60 anos comparados àqueles com idade entre 35-44 anos. Molares e pré-molares foram os dentes mais afetados por cárie coronária e cárie radicular, respectivamente. A probabilidade de cárie coronária diminuiu significativamente com um alto nível educacional. A probabilidade de cárie radicular aumentou significativamente com um alto nível educacional. Sobrepeso e obesidade não foram significativamente associados com a experiência de cárie coronária e cárie radicular. A probabilidade de atividade de cárie coronária aumentou significativamente com idade ≥60 anos, uma maior frequência de escovação dentária, uma maior limpeza dentária interproximal, visita regular ao dentista e um maior número de dentes retidos, e aumentou significativamente com ≥60% de sítios sangrantes. A probabilidade de atividade de cárie radicular diminuiu significativamente com um maior número de dentes retidos, e aumentou significativamente com um intermediário-alto nível educacional e um maior número de dentes com recessão. A atividade de cárie coronária aumentou significativamente a probabilidade de atividade de cárie radicular em 394%. Assim, foi possível concluir que: (1) a cárie coronária e cárie radicular foram altamente prevalentes nesta população brasileira, e molares e pré-molares foram os dentes mais acometidos por cárie coronária e cárie radicular, respectivamente; (2) o nível educacional foi um indicador de risco para ambas cárie coronária e cárie radicular, mas indivíduos com um alto nível educacional devem ser somente considerados em alto risco para cárie radicular; (3) a atividade de cárie foi altamente prevalente em adultos e idosos, e aqueles com atividade de cárie coronária devem ser considerados em alto risco para atividade de cárie radicular; (4) os indivíduos com sobrepeso e obesos não devem ser considerados em alto risco para ambas cárie coronária e cárie radicular.<br>The aim of this thesis was to study adults and the elderly from South Brazil in regards to: (1) the prevalence, extent, and intra-oral distribution of coronal and root caries; (2) the relationship of educational status with coronal and root caries experience; (3) the prevalence estimates and risk indicators for coronal and root caries activity; and (4) the relationship of overweight and obesity with coronal and root caries experience. A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted between June 2011 and June 2012. A multistage sampling strategy was used to draw a representative sample of 1,023 individuals aged ≥35 years. Questionnaires recorded data on socio-demographic characteristics, oral hygiene habits, dental care, and smoking. Oral examination assessed gingival bleeding, gingival recession, and coronal and root caries. Anthropometric measures were collected to calculate the body mass index. Survey negative binomial models were used to assess the relationship of educational status, overweight and obesity with coronal and root caries experience. Survey Poisson regression models were used to assess the relationship of explanatory variables with coronal and root caries activity. The coronal and root caries prevalence was 99.73% (95% CI 99.31-100.00) and 41.14% (95% CI 37.57-44.72), respectively. The prevalence of coronal and root caries activity was 34.26% (95% CI 27.13-41.38) and 14.73% (95% CI 11.16-18.30), respectively. The mean coronal DMFT and root DFT scores was 18.73 (95% CI 18.29-19.17) and 1.15 (95% CI 0.95-1.34), respectively. The mean coronal DMFS and root DFS scores was 66.56 (95% CI 63.30-69.83) and 1.49 (95% CI 1.25-1.73), respectively. The mean coronal DMFS score was significantly higher in the older age groups compared to individuals aged 35-44 years. The mean coronal DS score significantly decreased between individuals aged 35-44 years and those aged 45-59 and ≥60 years. The mean coronal DS score significantly decreased between individuals aged 35-44 years and those aged 45-59 and ≥60 years. The mean coronal MS score significantly increased with age. The root caries estimates were significantly higher in individuals aged 45-59 and ≥60 years compared to those aged 35-44 years. Molars and premolars were the teeth most affected by coronal and root caries, respectively. The likelihood of coronal caries significantly decreased with a high educational status. The probability of root caries significantly increased with a high educational status. Overweight and obesity were not significantly associated with coronal and root caries experience. The likelihood of coronal caries activity significantly decreased with age ≥60 years, a higher tooth brushing frequency, a higher proximal tooth cleaning frequency, regular dental care, and a larger number of retained teeth, and significantly increased with ≥60% of bleeding sites. The likelihood of root caries activity significantly decreased with a larger number of retained teeth, and significantly increased with an intermediate-high educational status and a larger number of teeth with recession. Coronal caries activity significantly increased the probability of root caries activity by 394%. Thus, it was possible conclude that: (1) coronal and root caries were highly prevalent in this Brazilian population, and molars and premolars were the teeth most attacked by coronal and root caries, respectively; (2) educational status was a risk indicator for both coronal and root caries, but individuals with a high educational status should only be considered at high risk for root caries; (3) caries activity was highly prevalent in adults and the elderly, and those with coronal caries activity should be considered at high risk for root caries activity; and (4) overweight and obese individuals should not be considered at high risk for both coronal and root caries.

Les travaux réalisés pendant mon doctorat répondent à la problématique de la simulation physique, en temps interactif, du comportement d'objets déformables soumis à des changements topologiques. Mes travaux ont abouti à la définition d'un nouveau modèle unifié couplant un modèle topologique complet et un modèle physique, pour la simulation physique d'objets déformables décomposés en éléments surfaciques comme volumiques, tout en réalisant pendant cette simulation des changements topologiques comme la découpe ou la subdivision locale d'un élément du maillage. Cette dernière opération a permis de proposer une méthode adaptative où les éléments du maillage sont raffinés selon un critère géométrique au cours de la simulation. Nous avons fait le choix des cartes combinatoires et plus particulièrement celui des complexes cellulaires linéaires, comme modèle topologique de notre modèle unifié. Ils ont l'avantage d'être génériques par rapport à la dimension de l'objet représenté mais également par rapport à la topologie des cellules en lesquelles l'objet est décomposé. Le système masses-ressort a, quant à lui, été choisi comme modèle physique de notre modèle unifié. L'avantage de ce dernier réside dans la simplicité de ses équations, son implémentation intuitive, son interactivité et sa facilité à gérer les changements topologiques. Enfin, la définition d'un modèle unifié nous a permis de proposer un modèle évitant la redondance d'informations et facilitant la mise à jour de ces dernières suite à des changements topologiques<br>The work made during my PhD, respond to the problematic of physical simulation of the behavior of deformable objects subject to topological changes in interactive time. My work resulted in the definition of a new unified model coupling a complete topological model and a physical model for physical simulation of deformable objects decomposed in surface as volume elements, while performing during this simulation topological changes such as cutting or subdivision local of a mesh element. This operation allowed us to propose an adaptive method where mesh elements are refined during the simulation according to a geometric criterion. For the topological model of our unified model, we made the choice of combinatorial maps and more particularly linear cellular complexes. Their main advantage of the latter is the simplicity of its equations, its intuitive implementation, its interactivity and its ease to handle topological changes. Finally, the definition of a unified model allowed us to propose a model avoiding duplication of information and facilitate the update after topological changes

Apparu vers le milieu du XIXe siècle comme jargon dans les cercles artistiques munichois désignant une image de piètre qualité, bon marché, le mot kitsch s’utilise aujourd’hui non seulement dans le monde de l’art mais aussi dans la vie quotidienne toujours avec un sens fortement péjoratif. Considéré en général comme « mauvais goût », « art sans valeur », « camelote artistique », ou « art vulgaire », le kitsch n’est pourtant pas un concept qui demeure seulement dans une dimension esthétique ou artistique. Les divers phénomènes historiques du kitsch, émergés dans le contexte de la modernité, comme « la bib[e]lotomanie », « le roman-feuilleton », « l’art pompier » en France au XIXe siècle, ou encore « la peinture de salon de coiffure » en Corée au XXe siècle, trahissent tous que le kitsch est en effet une attitude que l’homme adopte vis-à-vis de son existence et du monde dans la réalité. L’essentiel de ce concept réside donc dans sa négation ou mieux dans sa fuite de la réalité. Voilà pourquoi la photographie se présente comme un médium qui mérite d’être étudié en rapport avec le kitsch. Médium qui a un lien spécifique par excellence avec le réel, elle ne cesse de faire ontologiquement le va-et-vient entre le présent et le passé, l’instantanéité et l’éternel, l’ici et l’ailleurs, le sujet et l’objet, la vie et la mort, etc. C’est en effet à cause de cette ontologie paradoxale que la photo peut devenir, selon « l’acte photographique », non seulement de l’art mais aussi du kitsch. Ainsi, l’attitude envers ce dernier que les artistes laissent apercevoir à travers leur œuvre photographique s’avère extrêmement variée, et ambiguë, voire même contradictoire tout comme chez Pierre et Gilles, Vik Muniz, Sebastião Salgado et Oliviero Toscani<br>Appeared in the mid-nineteenth century as a jargon in the artistic circles of Munich designating a cheap image of poor quality, the term “kitsch” is used today not only in the art world, but also in everyday life, always with strongly pejorative sense. Generally considered as “bad taste”, “worthless art”, “artistic junk” or “vulgar art”, kitsch, however, is not a concept that remains only in aesthetic or artistic field ?. Various historical phenomena of kitsch which had been all emerged in the context of modernity, such as “bib[e]lotomanie”, “serialized novel”, “academic art” in France in the nineteenth century, or “barbershop’s painting” in Korea in the twentieth century, show that kitsch is indeed an attitude of human being toward his own existence and the world. The essence of this concept lies therefore in his negation of reality, or better in his escape from reality. That’s why photography deserves to be studied in relation with the kitsch. Having a specific link with the reality, the medium oscillate ontologically between the present and the past, the instant and the eternity, the here and the elsewhere, the subject and the object, the life and the death, etc. It is indeed because of this paradoxical ontology that the photography can become, according to the “acte photographique” not just art but also kitsch. Thus, the attitude to the latter the artists let reveal through their photographic work turn out extremely varied and ambiguous, even contradictory such as it does in the work of Pierre et Gilles, Vik Muniz, Sebastião Salgado and Oliviero Toscani

This thesis analyses the experiences, memories, and events of the World War II mass incarceration of Japanese Americans to determine what changes this traumatic event engendered in the gender roles of Issei and Nisei women. The events of incarceration separated families and broke down traditional societal norms leaving a deeply emotional and psychological scar upon the Japanese American community. Ironically, new opportunities arose for Issei and Nisei women as both a result of the effects of the mass incarceration upon the Japanese American community and because of governmental pressures such as labor shortages and the cost of housing over one hundred thousand prisoners. Issei women stepped into authority roles after the arrests of Japanese American community leaders and, in some cases, asserted their authority as mothers to stay in the United States against their husbands wishes. Nisei women were offered more opportunities in higher education and careers which allowed them to choose if they wanted to pursue an education or a career. These opportunities also allowed women more choices for marriage. While the decision of when to marry during the war years seems split between immediately before, during, and then in the years following the war, there is also a consistent pattern of women waiting to marry until after they had finished their education or worked for a few years. These patterns differ from both Issei and older Nisei women who often married early. World War II and mass incarceration is an extremely painful event that left deep wounds upon the Japanese American community, however it also gave Issei and Nisei women opportunities to choose what roles to fill and when.

This study considered migrants’ career outcomes as the result of their adjustments in terms of culture and career adaptation along with other positive attributes they brought on their arrival as well as developing in their new country. It considered that career is the property of individuals and managing it successfully is the responsibility of individuals themselves. Prior research into migrants’ issues and careers was used as the basis of this study and a model for analysis was developed using such issues. The resultant model included the wider life of migrants. A questionnaire including reliable measures of key variables was developed based on the literature. Two hundred and twenty-one Sri Lankan migrants completed the pilot tested survey. The results were analysed using factor analysis, tests of association and multiple regression analysis at the first stage to formulate a less complex model. Structural equation modelling was then used to confirm the relationships assumed between different variables. Although some of the relationships and/or variables assumed initially were removed from the model, the final model explained strong links between the variables that remained. Qualification gained before migration and career self-efficacy were found to be the most significant variables in explaining job satisfaction before migration. Usefulness of prior knowledge, skills and habits, efforts made towards career, education in New Zealand, information seeking, length of time in New Zealand and overseas experience had the greatest influence on current job level. Current job level, length of time in New Zealand and overseas experience were found to be the most significant variables explaining subjective career success after migration. Adapting to New Zealand culture was found to be significant in explaining only the career satisfaction after migration. It was also found that migrants’ career outcomes (success and satisfaction) after migration were significant variables in explaining overall career satisfaction of this migrant group: however, with the exception of job satisfaction, career outcomes before migration did not play a significant role in determining overall career satisfaction. The implications of the present study were considered, from both migrants’ perspective and that of New Zealand as the host society. A number of possible practical strategies relevant to migrants, community organisations and policy makers and authorities were suggested. Several potential avenues for future researches were identified and discussed. Thus, it is expected that this study will contribute to better career outcomes of migrants in New Zealand.

The purpose of this study is to explore the life history of Fred Francis Bosworth (1877-1958) and critically analyze the influential factors that may have contributed to his success as a famous healing evangelist. It seeks to answer the question, “How did he develop from a small-town farm boy into a famous healing evangelist and Pentecostal pioneer?” Using the historical case study method as the research design, the study employs a variant of Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT), which suggests that a person's career choice can be determined by his or her self-efficacy beliefs and expected outcomes. Self-efficacy comes from past performances, various learning, social support and one's reaction to barriers. The aim of the study is to determine how Bosworth's childhood and adolescent experiences, as well as his secular experiences in the business world, may have prepared him for his career as a healing evangelist. By showing how a person's early years can impact his or her future, this research will allow the church to know more about the role of early, natural experiences (including skills and environment), in determining God's will for a person's life and ministry. Although Bosworth, author of Christ the Healer (1948), is widely known for his teachings on divine healing, there is little known about his life history. This study is the first to offer a critical analysis of his entire life and ministry; it is also the first study to use the concepts of SCCT to show how his adulthood success may have been influenced by the experiences of his childhood and youth. This study argues that several factors played a critical role in Bosworth’s development. In addition to music and his secular work as a businessman, these factors include his crises, strong Christian women, healings in answer to prayer, and his work in foreign missions. Although Bosworth and others have attributed his success primarily to his Pentecostal experience, this study contends that his childhood, secular and business experiences played a more important role than has been reported in the literature. Furthermore, this study shows that Bosworth’s path to success can be understood through the elements of SCCT. Through SCCT, one can see how Bosworth developed an interest in the healing ministry, how he chose to pursue the ministry as a career, and how he performed and set goals as an evangelist.<br>Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2009.<br>Church History and Church Policy<br>unrestricted

Eleven male and 10 female freelance production workers were interviewed about their experiences of life within the New Zealand film industry. Respondents’ accounts contrast sharply with glamorous images of the industry portrayed in the media. Respondents enjoyed the creative challenges, camaraderie, excitement, and intensity of their working lives and identified strongly with their work. However, they also experienced continual financial insecurity, unpredictable and demoralising periods of unemployment, and recurrent problems maintaining a reasonable work-life balance. Many of the older respondents cited these factors as their main reason for attempting to find work outside the industry. Female production workers appeared to pay a particularly high price for their involvement in the industry and often sacrificed other areas of their lives for their careers. Women frequently compensated for this imbalance by becoming even more career focussed, thus compounding the problems in non-work areas of their lives. Respondents’ accounts are interpreted in relation to current structural conditions, working practices, and power imbalances within the New Zealand film industry. It is argued that freelance production workers’ complex psychological relationship with their work is simultaneously a product of their work environment and helps to perpetuate industry conditions which disadvantage the workforce.

Tik XX a. viduryje pradėtos kelti idėjos apie moterų ir vyrų lygias galimybes darbo rinkoje, todėl moterų vadovavimas yra naujas reiškinys visuomenėje ir ekonomikoje. Nors sukurta pakankama teisinė bazė, garantuojanti de jure lygias moterų ir vyrų galimybes darbo rinkoje, tačiau de facto moterys siekdamos karjeros vis dar susiduria su daugybe kliūčių (vyraujantys stereotipai, šeimos ir darbo derinimo klausimai, realus lygių galimybių neužtikrinimas ir pan.). Tokiu atveju svarbų vaidmenį atlieka žiniasklaida, kaip tarpininkė tarp vadovų ir visuomenės, daranti įtaką tam tikro moters-vadovės įvaizdžio formavimui. Magistro baigiamajame darbe analizuojamas ir lyginamas realus (faktais, tyrimais, statistiniais duomenimis pagrįstas) ir žiniasklaidos formuojamas moters vadovės įvaizdis Lietuvoje, pateikiamos minėtos analizės išvados. Darbo dėstomoji dalis susideda iš trijų pagrindinių skyrių. Pirmajame aptariamas statistinis moters vadovės portretas, galimybės užimti vadovaujančias pareigas, visuomenėje vyraujantys stereotipai, nelygių galimybių darbo rinkoje klausimai, šeimos ir darbo derinimo sunkumai bei moterų ir vyrų kaip vadovų palyginimas. Antrasis darbo dalies skyrius yra skirtas dviejuose skirtingo pobūdžio spausdintinės žiniasklaidos leidiniuose pateikiamo moters vadovės įvaizdžio analizei ir palyginimui. Trečiajame skyriuje siekiama apibūdinti žiniasklaidos įtaką visuomenės nuomonės formavimui, taip pat, atsakyti į klausimą – ar žiniasklaidos formuojamas moters vadovės... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]<br>The ideas of men and women having equal opportunities on labour market emerged only in the middle of the 20th century, therefore, female leadership is a new social and economical phenomenon. Although a sufficient legal base securing equal de jure opportunities for women and men in the labour market has been developed, in reality (de facto) career women still encounter many barriers (prevailing stereotypes, family and work combination issues, real insecurity of equal opportunities, etc.). In this case the mass media assumes the main role as a medium between leaders and society, influencing formation of a certain female leader image. The Master’s final paper analyzes and compares the real female leader image (based on the facts, research and statistics) and the one created by the mass media in Lithuania, including the conclusions of the aforesaid analysis. The main part of the paper consists of three main chapters. The first chapter includes the discussion on the statistic female leader portrait, opportunities of taking the leader position, prevailing social stereotypes, issues on unequal opportunities on labour market, family and work combination difficulties and the comparison of men and women in the role of the leader. The second chapter of the paper concentrates on the analysis and comparison of the female leader image provided by two different printed publications. The purpose of the third chapter is to describe the influence of the mass media upon the formation of... [to full text]

Abstract This national cross-sectional study aimed to measure the oral health status, and oral health related-quality of life (OHRQoL) among Nepalese schoolchildren. Another aim was to investigate the association of dental caries and its consequences with OHRQoL, sociodemographic factors, oral health-related behaviours, anthropometrics, and school attendance and performance. The study was conducted in 18 out of total 75 randomly selected districts of Nepal representing 5 developmental, and concurrently 3 simultaneously ecological regions. Altogether 1137 of the invited 1157 schoolchildren from 27 conveniently selected schools participated both in the survey and clinical examination. Information on sociodemographic factors and oral health-related behaviours was collected using a structured questionnaire. Validated Nepali Child-OIDP was used for assessing children’s OHRQoL. Clinical oral examinations were conducted as per the WHO guidelines and assessed dental caries, its consequences (pufa/PUFA) and periodontal status. BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio were computed from anthropometric measurements. School-related information included data on school absenteeism was collected from school registry and school performance (percentage of the sum of scores in three core subjects). Gingival bleeding was highly prevalent among all participants. The youngest ones had most often need for dental caries treatment; 79% vs. 64% among the oldest ones. Dental caries and its consequences were most prevalent among those living in the Kathmandu Valley or in the rural areas or in mountain or hilly ecological regions, as well as those consuming sweets or candy, or tea with sugar, and brushing teeth infrequently. Most of the participants had problem with eating, cleaning the mouth, and sleeping. Dental caries and its consequences were associated with poor OHRQoL. They were also associated with both high and low BMI and central obesity (high waist-to-hip and waist-to-height ratios) as well as high school absenteeism (&gt;13% of total schooldays missed) and poor school performance. Both low and high BMI, and poor OHRQoL, as well as high school absenteeism were all inversely associated with school performance. In conclusion, dental caries and gingival bleeding are common among Nepalese schoolchildren. Dental caries and its consequences are associated with poor OHRQoL. These conditions are also associated with sociodemographic factors, poor oral health-related behaviours, and anthropometrics (BMI and central obesity) as well as high school absenteeism and poor school performance<br>Tiivistelmä Tämän poikkileikkaustutkimuksen tavoitteena oli tutkia nepalilaisten koululaisten suunterveyttä ja siihen liittyvää elämänlaatua (OHRQoL). Toiseksi tavoitteena oli tutkia karieksen ja sen seurausten mm. oireet ja tulehdus, yhteyttä suunterveyteen liittyvään elämänlaatuun, sosiodemografisiin ja antropometrisiin tekijöihin, suunterveyskäyttäytymiseen, koulupoissaoloihin sekä -menestykseen. Tutkimus toteutettiin 18/75 satunnaisesti valitussa Nepalin piirikunnassa, jotka edustivat sekä viittä kehitysaluetta että kolmea ekologista aluetta. Mukaan kutsutuista 1157 koululaisesta (27 koulua, mukavuusotos), 1137 osallistui sekä kysely- että kliiniseen tutkimukseen. Sosiodemografiset taustatiedot sekä tiedot suunterveyskäyttäytymisestä kerättiin strukturoidulla kyselylomakkeella. Suunterveyteen liittyvää elämänlaatua arvioitiin käyttäen validoitua nepalin kielistä Child-OIDP –lomaketta. Kliinisessä tutkimuksessa tutkittiin kariestilanne, sen kliiniset seuraukset (pufa/PUFA) sekä kiinnityskudosten tila WHOn ohjeiden mukaan. BMI, vyötärön ja lantion ympärysmitan suhde sekä vyötärön ympärysmitan ja pituuden suhde laskettiin mittaustulosten perusteella. Kouluista saatiin tiedot poissaoloista viimeisen kouluvuoden aikana sekä koulumenestys kolmessa keskeisimmässä oppiaineessa viimeisimmässä todistuksessa. Lähes kaikilla todettiin ienverenvuotoa. Nuorimmassa ikäryhmässä oli muita useammin korjaavan karieshoidon tarvetta (79% vs. 64%). Kariesta sekä sen seurauksia esiintyi eniten niiden keskuudessa, jotka asuivat Kathmandun laaksossa tai vuoristossa. Karieksen esiintyvyys oli myös yhteydessä mm. sokerin, makeisten ja sokeriteen kulutukseen sekä epäsäännölliseen hampaiden harjaukseen. Karies seurauksineen oli yhteydessä huonoon suunterveyteen liittyvään elämänlaatuun (OHRQoL), erityisesti syömiseen, suun puhdistamiseen sekä nukkumiseen. Sillä oli myös yhteys sekä matalaan että korkeaan BMIhin, lisääntyneisiin koulupoissaoloihin sekä huonoon koulumenestykseen. Matala ja korkea BMI, huono suunterveyteen liittyvä elämänlaatu sekä poissaolot olivat käänteisesti yhteydessä koulumenestykseen. Karies ja ienverenvuoto ovat yleisiä nepalilaisten koululaisten keskuudessa. Karies seurauksineen on yhteydessä huonoon suunterveyteen liittyvään elämänlaatuun (OHRQoL), haitalliseen suunterveyskäyttäytymiseen, sosiodemografisiin ja antropometrisiin tekijöihin (BMI, keskivartalolihavuus) sekä lisääntyneisiin koulupoissaoloihin ja huonoon koulumenestykseen

Le système climatique terrestre est forme de plusieurs composantes qui interagissent étroitement (océans, atmosphère, calottes de glace, biosphère et lithosphère). La modélisation numérique permet d' étudier ces interactions. Dans ce travail, nous avons modélisé l' évolution de la calotte de glace Antarctique, le plus grand réservoir d'eau douce sur Terre. Nous avons utilisé le modèle 3D développé au LGGE. Il tient compte du couplage thermomécanique entre les vitesses et les températures dans la glace et de l' écoulement spécifique de la glace flottante. Le modèle a été amélioré sur plusieurs points : la loi de déformation de la glace, la loi de frottement sous les fleuves de glace, le calcul de la chaleur de déformation et la paramétrisation de la fusion sous les plates-formes de glace flottante. De plus, des modifications numériques ont été apportées. Différentes expériences ont montré une grande asymétrie de comportement de la calotte en englacement et déglacement. Une simulation des quatre derniers cycles glaciaires-interglaciaires a permis de valider les modifications effectuées sur le modèle. Les résultats indiquent que, dans le futur, la contribution de l'Antarctique à l'augmentation du niveau des mers pour les prochains siècles devrait être négligeable, puis s'accentuer ensuite. Nous avons aussi montré la forte sensibilité des résultats à la carte de socle utilisée en entrée du modèle. Enfin, la résolution du modèle a été augment ée en passant d'une maille de 40 km à 20 km, ce qui permet de mieux prendre en compte les structures fines de la topographie.

Cette thèse est le fruit de l’interaction de deux disciplines qui sont la détection de changements dans des images multitemporelles et le raisonnement évidentiel à l’aide de la théorie de Dempster-Shafer (DST). Aborder le problème de détection et d’analyse de changements par la DST nécessite la détermination d’un cadre de discernement exhaustif et exclusif. Ce problème s’avère complexe en l’absence des informations a priori sur les images. Nous proposons dans ce travail de recherche un nouvel algorithme de clustering basé sur l’algorithme Fuzzy-C-Means (FCM) afin de définir les classes sémantiques existantes. L’idée de cet algorithme est la représentation de chaque classe par un nombre varié de centroïdes afin de garantir une meilleure caractérisation de classes. Afin d’assurer l’exhaustivité du cadre de discernement, un nouvel indice de validité de clustering permettant de déterminer le nombre optimal de classes sémantiques est proposé. La troisième contribution consiste à exploiter la position du pixel par rapport aux centroïdes des classes et les degrés d’appartenance afin de définir la distribution de masse qui représente les informations. La particularité de la distribution proposée est la génération d’un nombre réduit des éléments focaux et le respect des axiomes mathématiques en effectuant la transformation flou-masse. Nous avons souligné la capacité du conflit évidentiel à indiquer les transformations multi-temporelles. Nous avons porté notre raisonnement sur la décomposition du conflit global et l’estimation des conflits partiels entre les couples des éléments focaux pour mesurer le conflit causé par le changement. Cette stratégie permet d’identifier le couple de classes qui participent dans le changement. Pour quantifier ce conflit, nous avons proposé une nouvelle mesure de changement notée CM. Finalement, nous avons proposé un algorithme permettant de déduire la carte binaire de changements à partir de la carte de conflits partiels<br>This thesis is the interaction result of two disciplines that are the change detection in multitemporal images and the evidential reasoning using the Dempster-Shafer theory (DST). Addressing the problem of change detection and analyzing by the DST, requires the determination of an exhaustive and exclusive frame of discernment. This issue is complex when images lake prior information. In this research work, we propose a new clustering algorithm based on the Fuzzy-C-Means (FCM) algorithm in order to define existing semantic classes. The idea of this algorithm is the representation of each class by a varied number of centroids in order to guarantee a better characterization of classes. To ensure the frame of discernment exhaustiveness, we proposed a new cluster validity index able to identify the optimal number of semantic classes. The third contribution is to exploit the position of the pixel in relation to class centroids and its membership distribution in order to define the mass distribution that represents information. The particularity of the proposed distribution, is the generation of a reduced set of focal elements and the respect of mathematical axioms when performing the fuzzy-mass transformation. We have emphasized the capacity of evidential conflict to indicate multi-temporal transformations. We reasoned on the decomposition of the global conflict and the estimation of the partial conflicts between the couples of focal elements to measure the conflict caused by the change. This strategy allows to identify the couple of classes that participate in the change. To quantify this conflict, we proposed a new measure of change noted CM. Finally, we proposed an algorithm to deduce the binary map of changes from the partial conflicts map

L’aléa géologique constitue un axe de recherche en développement constant, les zones habitées étant de plus en plus envahissantes et les exigences pour la maîtrise des aléas étant de plus en plus fortes. Les zones de montagne sont des régions très concernées par différents types d’aléas. Cette étude s’est attachée à l’évaluation de l’aléa Mouvements de terrain (MT) qui constituent l’aléa le plus important dans le Rif Nord — Ouest, Maroc. Ce travail présente une procédure en trois étapes pour l’évaluation de l’aléa mouvements de terrains (AMT). Neuf paramètres disponibles de prédisposition et de déclenchement du milieu géologique (lithologie, fracturation, sismicité, gradient de pente, hypsométrie, exposition des versants, réseau hydrographique, précipitations, et occupation des sols) ont été cartographiés et hiérarchisés dans le but de mieux comprendre leurs interrelations et leurs effets respectifs dans la genèse des MT. Ensuite, la classification, l’inventaire, la description et l’analyse des MT ont été réalisés par interprétation d’images satellitaires THR associée à un travail de terrain. Enfin, l’AMT a été évalué par l’utilisation d’une approche multi-échelle (petite = 1/100 000em, et moyenne = 1/50 000°”j. A petite échelle, cette évaluation a été effectuée par la combinaison de cartes d’index (CCI) où les poids et les pondérations pour chaque paramètre ont été introduits en se basant sur les données statistiques réelles afin de réduire l’aspect subjectif de la méthode. A une échelle moyenne, cette évaluation a été effectuée par l’application et la comparaison de deux approches probabilistes. Il s’agit - de l’approche bivariée de la théorie de l’évidence, et, - de l’approche multivariée des régressions logistiques la première approche s’est avérée plus performante à prédire l’aléa glissements de terrain, alors que la seconde est plus performante pour modéliser l’aléa écroulements et coulées de débris à cette échelle, dans un environnement montagneux maghrébin. Les différentes cartes réalisées constituent un puissant outil d’aide à la décision pour présenter, comparer et discuter des scénarios d’aménagement du territoire : aménagements urbains, ouvrages ou tracés routiers. Ces résultats s’inscrivent dans le cadre du développement durable et permettront d’atténuer les impacts socioéconomiques habituellementconstatés, lors de déclenchement des MT<br>Geological hazards represent a research topic that is in constant development. Populated areas are ever expanding and the requirements for the control of the hazards they represent are becoming increasingly significant. Orogenic zones are among the areas affected by different types of hazards. This study focuses on the evaluation of mass movement (MM) hazard which is the most common hazard in the Northwest part of the Rifain belt in Morocco. It introduces a three-step procedure to assess mas movement hazard (MMH). Nine contextual variables that characterize the geological environment (lithology, fracturing, seismicity, slope gradient, elevation, aspect, stream’s net, precipitation and land-use) were mapped and classified in order to better understand their interrelationships and their respective effects in the onest of MM. Following this, the classification, inventory, description and the analysis of the MM were carried out by interpretation of high remote sensing data associated to the field study. Finally, MMS was assessed using a multi-scale approach (small = 1/100,000 ; mean = 1/50,000). At the small scale, this assessment was carried out using an index-based approach where the rating nd weighting of each parameter was introduced based on real statistical data to reduce the subjectivity of the method. At the meso-scale, this evaluation was performed by applying and comparing two probabilistic approaches. These are: (i) the bivariate weights of evidence approach (WOEA), and (ii) the multivariate logistic regression approach (LRA). WOEA proved most successful in predicting landslides hazard and LR proved most successfull in modeling rockfalls and debris flow at the meso-scale in a North African mountain environment. The various maps produced constitute a powerful decision-making tool to present, compare and discuss scenarios of town and land-use planning, i. E. Urban planning, works or road plans. These results are part of a sustainable development framework winch allows mitigating the socioeconomic impacts that are usually noticed during the release of MM

Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальнісю 21.06.01 - “Екологічна безпека”. – Державний ВНЗ «Національний гірничий університет», Дніпропетровськ, 2012.<br>Диссертация на соискание учёной степени кандидата технических наук по специальности 21.06.01 - “Экологическая безопасность”. – Государственное ВУЗ «Национальный горный университет», Днепропетровск, 2012.<br>Dissertation on gaining of scientific degree of candidate of engineering sciences after specialty 21.06.01 is "Ecological safety". - the State VNZ «National mountain university», Dnepropetrovsk, 2012.<br>У дисертації вирішена актуальна наукова задача, що полягає у встановлені закономірностей розповсюдження пилової хмари після масових вибухів в залізорудних кар’єрах та рівнем її екологічної небезпеки і розробці на цій основі екологічно ефективних способів та засобів зменшення викидів пилу у довкілля. Розроблені методичні засади визначення висоти підйому пилових частинок залізорудного пилу під дією теплових чинників як при наявності вітру, так і при його відсутності. Розроблено спосіб та засіб зменшення висоти підйому пилової хмари дальності її розповсюдження, які передбачають проведення робіт з оптимізації параметрів свердловинних зарядів, а також використання в якості набійки свердловинних зарядів гумової пробки з анкерним пристроєм. Удосконалено спосіб захисту довкілля від викидів пилу шляхом зрошування пилової хмари в цілому, обґрунтовано необхідний діаметр капель води для забезпечення максимальної ефективності пилопригнічення, а також об’єм води для цого. Для транспортуваня та розбризкування води над пиловою хмарою обґрунтовано використання спеціальним чином обладнаних вертольотів. Ступінь екологічної небезпеки при впровадженні запропонованих способів та засобів знепилення досягає рівня “безпечний”.<br>В диссертации решена актуальная научная задача, которая заключається в установлении закономерностей рассеивания пылевого облака после массовых взрывов в железорудных карьерах и уровня изменения его экологической опасности, а также разработке на их основе экологически эффективных способов и средств снижения выбросов пыли в окружающую среду. На основании результатов анализа рассеивания пылевого облака, образовавшегося после массового взрыва, выполнена оценка опасности загрязнения прилегающих территорий по пылевому фактору. Показано, что уровень экологической опасности от загрязнения воздуха пылью в радиусе 10 км представляется как “очень опасный”, а степень загрязнения – “недопустимая”. Уровень загрязнения пылью атмосферного воздуха и прилегающих территорий зависит от высоты подъёма пылевого облака, объёмов выброса пыли, метеорологических условий и эффективности способов и средств пылеподавления. В результате анализа существующих способов и средств подавления пылевого облака сделан вывод о необходимости их совершенствования. Для оценки экологической опасности рассеивания пылевого облака разработана методика расчёта высоты его подъёма с учётом дисперсности пылевых частиц и других влияющих факторов, что позволило выполнить расчёты рассеивания пыли в атмосфере для оценки эффективности технических мероприятий, направленных на снижение или локализацию выбросов пыли и её рассеивания. Расчёты рассеивания пылевого облака при мощности взрыва 500 т “украинита”, скорости ветра 5 м/с и нормальных метеорологических условиях показали, что дальность выноса грубодисперсной железорудной пыли составляет от 0,14 до 4,4 км, а тонкодисперсной – от 40 до, примерно, 740 км. При этом удельные выбросы пыли при общей площади рассеивания до 28770 км2 достигают 1,302 кг/км2. Разработан способ снижения высоты выброса пылегазового облака при массовом взрыве на основе оптимизации параметров скважинных зарядов (удельного заряда ВВ, диаметра скважин и соотношения длины забойки и взрывчатки в скважине). Предложена также усовершенствованная конструкция забойки скважинных зарядов, которая предусматривает использование в составе забойки резиновой пробки с анкерным устройством. Расчёты показали, что при применении этих разработок высота выброса пылегазового облака при массовом взрыве может быть снижена на величину до 30%. В работе выполнены исследования параметров подавления пылевого облака путём его орошения. Получено аналитическое выражение для оценки эффективности пылеулавливания от диаметра пылевых частиц и капель воды, скорости их движения, количества орошаемой жидкости, высоты орошения облака, а также суммарного коэффициента захвата пылевых частиц каплями жидкости. Установлено, что суммарный коэффициент захвата для тонкодисперсной пыли имеет максимальное значение 0,488 при диаметре капель воды 1 – 1,5 мм. Для грубодисперсной пыли при этих диаметрах капель воды коэффициент захвата изменяется от 0,815 до 0,996. При этом удельный расход воды для подавления тонкодисперсной фракции пыли составляет 3,195 л/кг. В качестве технического средства транспортирования орошающей жидкости и разбрызгивания её над пылевым облаком предложено использование специально оборудованных вертолётов. Оценка снижения экологической нагрузки на прилегающие территории при этом показала, что общий выброс пыли из карьера при массовом взрыве может быть снижен на 90 %. Степень экологической опасности при внедрении предложенных способов и средств пылеподавления достигает уровня “безопасный”.<br>In dissertation an actual scientific task, that consists in set conformities to the law of distribution of dust cloud after the mass explosions in iron ore quarry and level of its ecological danger and development on this basis ecologically effective methods and facilities of reduction of influencing of the troop landing of dust on the state of environment, is decided. The methodical bases of determination of height of getting up of iron ore dust particles under action of thermal factors both at presence of wind are developed, and at his absence. Methods and facilities of reduction of height of getting up of dust cloud and distance of its distribution, which foresee conducting of works after optimization of parameters of borehole charges, and also use, are developed as the printed fabric of rubber cork with the anchor device. The method of defence of environment is improved from the troop landing of dust by irrigation of dust cloud on the whole, substantiated necessary diameter of drops of water for providing of maximal efficiency of dust suppression, and also necessary volume of water for this. For transportation and splashing of water above the dust cloud of the substantiated use by the special appearance of the equipped helicopters. The degree of ecological danger at introduction of the offered methods and facilities of dedustinq measures up "safe".

This thesis provides the first rigorous history of the concept of midlife crisis. It highlights the close connections between understandings of the life course and social change. It reverses accounts of popularization by showing how an idea moved from the public sphere into academia. Above all, it uncovers the feminist origins of the concept and places this in a historically little-studied tradition of writing about middle age that rejected the gendered "double standard of aging." Constructions of middle age and life-planning were not always oppressive, but often used for feminist purposes. The idea of midlife crisis became popular in the United States with journalist Gail Sheehy's Passages (1976), a critique of Erik Erikson's male-centered model of ego development and psychoanalytic constructions of gender and identity more generally. Drawing on mid-century notions of middle life as the time of a woman's entry into the public sphere, Sheehy's midlife crisis defined the onset of middle age, for men and women, as the end of traditional gender roles. As dual-earner families replaced the male breadwinner model, Passages circulated widely, read by women and men of different generations, including social scientists. Three psychoanalytic experts-Daniel Levinson, George Vaillant, and Roger Gould-rebutted Sheehy by putting forward a male-only concept of midlife as the end of a man's family obligations; they banned women from reimagining their lives. Though this became the dominant meaning of midlife crisis, it was not universally accepted. Feminist scholars, most famously the psychologist and ethicist Carol Gilligan, drew on women's experiences to challenge the midlife crisis, turning it into a sign of emotional instability, immaturity, and egotism. Resonating with widespread understandings of mental health and social responsibility, and confirmed by large-scale surveys in the late 1990s, this relegated the midlife crisis to a chauvinist cliché. It has remained a contested concept for negotiating the balances between work and life, production and reproduction into the present day.

Objetivo: Rever a literatura científica atual sobre a relação entre o índice de massa corporal e a prevalência da cárie dentária em crianças de idade escolar. Métodos: Pesquisa bibliográfica de artigos científicos publicados nas bases de dados eletrónicas: PubMed, Web of Science e B-On. Foram utilizados termos de pesquisa em combinação: dental caries, BMI, children, pediatric patient, obesity, e saliva. A seleção dos artigos foi realizada através da aplicação de critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Foram selecionados 64 artigos para a elaboração desta revisão. Tópico abordado: Não existindo uma relação direta e indubitável entre a cárie dentária e a obesidade nas crianças, os Médicos Dentistas que fazem o atendimento destes pacientes devem de agir como agentes de Saúde Pública alertando as crianças e os seus responsáveis para os riscos e implicações que o sobrepeso e a obesidade infantis representam para a qualidade de vida, a saúde oral e geral das crianças.<br>Objectives: To review the current scientific literature on the relationship between the body mass index and the prevalence of dental caries in school-aged children. Methods: Bibliographic research of scientific articles in the electronic database PubMed, Web of Science and B-On. Combined search terms were used: dental caries, BMI, children, pediatric patient, obesity and saliva. The selection of articles was made by applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sixty four articles were selected for the development of this narrative review. Topic covered: Since there is no direct and incontestable relationship between dental caries and obesity in children, the dentists who treat these patients must act as public health agents, alerting children and their guardians about risks and implications that overweight and obesity in children pose to children's oral and general health.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar a influência da ingestão de alimentos e do tipo de alimentos ingeridos na saúde oral e a sua relação com dados antropométricos como o índice de massa corporal (IMC), peso corporal, estatura, composição corporal. Foi efetuada uma revisão sistemática de artigos de investigação científica, realizada em diversos países de todos os continentes, procurando especificar essa relação em crianças dos 2 aos 18 anos, frequentadores de escolas públicas e privadas, oriundas de famílias com diferentes inserções socioeconómicas e regionais. Verifica-se que, de um modo geral, há pior saúde oral em crianças com menor índice de massa corporal e obesidade, bem como de famílias em meios menos favorecidos, com maior consumo de açúcar e alimentação menos rica em nutrientes saudáveis. Todos estes fatores afetam a saúde oral, causando patologias nomeadamente a cárie dentária. Aponta-se para a necessidade de promover melhor educação para a saúde oral, bem como para hábitos nutricionais saudáveis, através de professores e profissionais de saúde, com relevo para o médico de família.<br>This work checked the way food taking and its kind are related to the oral health and to body mass index (BMI), body weight, height and body composition. A systematic revision was done, including several articles of scientific investigation developed in several countries from all the continents, searching to specify that relationship in children aged 2 to 18, in public and private schools, coming from families showing different social, economic and regional origin. A weaker global oral health is observed in children presenting lower body mass index and obesity and also in those belonging to less favoured social and economic environments, with habits of bigger sugar ingestion and poorer nourishment regarding to healthy nutrients. This causes pathologies such as dental caries. There is a major focus on the need of promoting a wider education for oral health in schools and near families, by means of teachers and health authorities, stressing the family´s doctor role.

Introdução: O excesso de peso e a obesidade são definidos como uma acumulação anormal ou excessiva de gordura. Esta patologia leva a repercussões nos diferentes sistemas de órgãos e a cavidade oral não é exceção. A cárie dentária e a doença periodontal têm vindo a ser relacionadas com o sobrepeso, porém, a comunidade científica não se encontra ainda em unanimidade em relação à temática. O objetivo geral deste estudo foi avaliar a forma como o excesso de peso e a obesidade se repercutem no estilo de vida, hábitos de higiene oral e presença de patologias orais, tendo em conta o estatuto social, as patologias sistémicas presentes e o tipo de alimentação apresentada. Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal em que foi aplicado um questionário a 140 indivíduos, dos quais 70 apresentavam IMC normal e 70 apresentavam IMC acima do recomendado, nas cidades de Lisboa e Viseu. Realizou-se ainda uma avaliação intra-oral a cada indivíduo para registo dos índices CPOD, IPC e avaliação do estado de higienização oral. Resultados: Da amostra final, verificámos que 30% dos indivíduos com peso em excesso escovam os dentes 1 vez por dia ou menos, enquanto que a maioria (62,9%) do grupo controlo escova 2 vezes por dia. A nível da avaliação intra-oral, 70% apresentavam cálculos dentários, em contraste com o grupo controlo em que a minoria (22,5%) apresentava placa calcificada. Também o índice CPOD foi progressivamente superior nos grupos controlo, com pré-obesidade e obesidade, respetivamente. A nível periodontal, a prevalência de indivíduos em que é necessária a intervenção médica é bastante superior nos indivíduos com peso excessivo (81,4%) em oposição ao grupo controlo (14%). Conclusões: A grande maioria dos indivíduos com sobrepeso apresentam hábitos de higiene oral precários, maiores incidências de cárie dentária e piores estados de saúde periodontal, não se encontrando sensibilizados para as repercussões entre a associação da sua alimentação cariogénica, saúde oral e excesso de peso.<br>Introduction: Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation. That pathology leads to different problems in various body systems and in oral cavity, too. Dental caries and periodontal disease have been related with overweight but the scientific community is not yet unanimous regarding the subject. The aim of this study was to evaluate how overweight and obesity have impact on lifestyle, oral habits and oral pathologies, having in concern social state, systemic pathologies and nutritional lifestyle. Methods: We conducted an observational, cross-sectional study where we applied a questionnaire to 140 individuals, those 70 had a normal BMI and 70 had an excessive BMI, in Lisbon and Viseu. We also realized an oral inspection in each individual to record the indexes DMFT, CPI and the hygiene oral state. Results: From the final sample, 30% of the subjects with overweight brush their teeth once a day or less, while the majority (62,9%) of the control group brush twice daily. In oral examination, 70% had calculus, while control group only had 22,5% of the population with calcified plaque. Also DMFT increased since group control to obesity group. Regarding periodontal disease, people with overweight are the ones that need more medical intervention (81,4%) in contrast with group control (14%). Conclusions: Most overweight individuals present precarious oral hygiene habits, higher incidences of dental caries, and worse periods of periodontal health. They are not sensitized to the repercussions of association of their cariogenic diet, oral health and overweight.

Introdução e objectivos: A saúde oral em atletas é parte essencial para a saúde geral, sendo um factor determinante para a qualidade de vida e desempenho desportivo. Logo, um bom estado de saúde só existirá se a cavidade oral se encontrar ausente de patologias. Os desequilíbrios nutricionais possuem efeitos sobre a cavidade oral, condicionando assim a qualidade de vida e desempenho do atleta. Desta forma, o excesso de ingestão de alguns alimentos podem ser factores de risco para a saúde, tendo conta em que, a etiologia da cárie dentária está relacionada com a ação de microorganismos orais que produzem ácidos orgânicos, a partir do metabolismo dos hidratos de carbono. O objectivo deste estudo foi avaliar a saúde oral bem como os hábitos alimentares e o uso de protetores bucais durante a prática desportiva. Participantes e Métodos: Foram observados 55 atletas de voleibol entre os 15 e 18 anos de ambos os géneros, do clube de voleibol Academia José Moreira e Leixões. Tratou-se de um estudo transversal, no qual foi realizado exame clínico intraoral (índice de cárie CPOd, indice de erosão dentária BEWE) e preenchimento de questinário, em que os indivíduos foram caracterizados em 5 componentes: dados sociodemográficos (idade, peso e estatura), dados sobre perceção de saúde, dados sobre comportamentos de saúde oral, dados sobre prática desportiva e dados sobre comportamentos alimentares (questionário semi-quantitativo de frequência alimentar). A análise estatística descritiva e inferencial dos dados recolhidos foi realizada com o auxílio do programa informático SPSS, versão 23.0. Resultados: Os hábitos de saúde oral não são os mais adequados e a percentagem de atletas que visita o médico dentista é elevada para “só quando tem dores” ou “ocasionalmente”. A média do CPOD geral foi de 4,22 ± 4,55. Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p>0,05) entre o CPOD geral e o IMC. Nenhum dos atletas usa protetor bucal durante a prática desportiva. Os alimentos mais consumidos foram a carne, fruta, leite, peixe e, biscoitos, bolos e bolachas; e os menos consumidos foram as bebidas alcoólicas, mel ou compotas e café. Conclusão: Os hábitos de higiene oral são um melhor indicador do que o IMC para a presença de cárie. Não há relação direta entre índice CPOD e IMC. Seria importante prestar mais informação sobre vantagens do uso de protetores bucais junto dos atletas e de treinadores bem como, esclarecer que a consistência e as propriedades sensoriais ligadas à textura e à consistência dos alimentos na superfície dentária interferem com a cárie.<br>Introduction and objectives: The oral health in athletes is essential part of general health, being a determining factor in the quality of life and sports performance. Soon a good health only exist if the oral cavity is absent pathologies. The nutritional imbalances have effects on the oral cavity, thus conditioning the quality of life and athletic performance. Thus, excessive intake of certain foods can be risk factors for health, with regard to the etiology of dental caries is associated with the action of oral micro-organisms produce organic acids from the metabolism of carbohydrates. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral health and eating habits and the use of mouthguards during sports. Participants and Methods: There were 55 volleyball athletes between 15 and 18 years of both sexes, Volleyball Club Academy José Moreira and Leixões. This was a cross- sectional study, which was conducted intraoral clinical examination (caries DMFT index, dental erosion index BEWE) and fill questionnaire, in which individuals were characterized in five components: socio-demographic data (age, weight and height), data on health perception, behaviour data on oral health data on sport and data on eating behaviours (semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire). Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis of the data collected was performed with the SPSS software package, version 23.0. Results: Oral helth habits are not the most appropriate and the percentage of athletes who visit the dentist is high to “only when have hain” or “occasionally”. The overall average DMFT was 4.22 ± 4.55. There were no statistically significant differences (p> 0.05) between the general DMFT and BMI. None of the athletes use mouthguards during sports. The most consumed foods were meat, fruit, milk, fish and biscuits, cakes and biscuits; and the least consumed were alcohol, honey or jam and coffee. Conclusion: Oral hygiene habits are a better indicators than BMI for the presence of caries. There is no direct relationship between DMFT and BMI index. It would be important to provide more information about the use of mouthguards advantages among athletes and coaches as well as to clarify that the consistency and sensory properties linked to the texture and consistency of the food on the tooth surface interfere with caries.

The primary aim of this study was to identify the motives for self-initiated mobility of highly educated New Zealanders across national boundaries. It further seeks to identify the relative importance of these motives and to explore relationships between motivation and mobiity behaviour.  This study on self-initiated mobility is opportune as an increasingly globalised market place and a demand for the skills of the highly educated rsult in competition for workers.       Most literature concerning mobility focuses on expatriate assignment.  By comparison, self-initiated movers remain an under-researched group.  Moreover, of the limited research on self-initiated mobility, most have used interviewing and narrative methods, so that the available information is detailed but restricted to individual experiences.  This study used a self-report survey via the internet to collect both quantitative and qualitative data and yielded 2,608 useable responses from New Zalanders living and working throughout the world.  It was highly exploratory, using the analytical marketing tool CHAID to show linkages between subjective attitudinal motives and objective measures of moility behaviours.     The desire for cultural and travel opportunities was the dominant subjective motive, being the best predictor for the objective mobility behaviours of establishment, current spatiality and return propensity and being a secondary predictor for restlessness.  Other associations were evident between the quality of life motive and the behaviour of restlessness, the career motive and cultural globalism and the relationships motive and the behaviour of latent transience.  Economics and the political environment motives were not found to be significant predictors of any behaviour.     The subjective data reinforced the importance of the cultural and travel opportunities and career motives, ranking these the most important motives in a decision to be mobile.  Within these motives, opportunities for travel and adventure and for career development were central.  Economics was ranked as the third most important motive, contrary to extant literature, followed by relationships, quality of life and the political environment.  The priority accorded to each of these six motives varies according to gender, location and life stage, creating different equations of motivation.

In the 300 years since the magazine originated, this mass medium has become synonymous with women and their worlds. Today, publications for, by and about women still dominate the global magazine market, and the selection and circulation of women’s magazines increase annually – indicative of the popularity of this mixed medium of information, instruction and entertainment. Since the 1980s, academics from different human sciences branches, such as Joke Hermes and Marloes Hülsken in the Netherlands and Angela Gough-Yates, Margaret Beetham, Ros Ballaster and Marjorie Ferguson in the United Kingdom, have proven the academic worth of women’s magazines, by using them as information sources about women’s social knowledge, positions and roles, their relationships and consumer behaviour in (amongst others) historical, sociological, psychological, mass media and women’s studies research. In South Africa, however, academic research on women’s magazines is still largely unexploited: apart from a few dissertations, information is mostly limited to single paragraphs in larger mass media studies. Magazines for black women have, for example, not been researched yet. In this study, South African and Dutch magazines from 2006 are studied as sociocultural journals: accounts or collections of the major trains of thought representative of a specific context and time frame. When magazine content is viewed as the textual distillation of the shared consciousness or culture of a particular audience, and discourse as ways of acting and thinking underlying this shared consciousness, magazines, by drawing on different discourses, report on the norms, values and habits particular to a specific era – yielding information that can be applied in reconstructing images of reality. This study aimed to research, within the context of current women’s magazines, the way in which women’s presence in the career world is accepted and legitimised as standard practice, and to explore the influence of the pursuit of a career on other female roles. It was assumed that the range of ‘superwoman’ roles (career woman, mother, wife, homemaker, lover, friend …) resonates in the ‘work discourse’ – and that all women experience similar frustrations, fears, dreams and expectations, irrespective of linguistic, cultural and socio-economic factors. A selection of sixteen magazines – two issues each of four South African and four Dutch magazine titles, aimed at diverse readerships – were singled out as primary research material. Magazine content was subsequently submitted to close reading, in order to examine as closely as possible the approaches towards women’s deployment in the career world, as made evident in the text. Theoretical concepts from mass media studies, cultural studies, discourse analysis and feminist criticism underpinned the identification of textual patterns, leading to the establishment of links between text and reality and meaningful interpretations of eventual findings. The results indicated that the work discourse in all the examined magazines is informed by three interpretative repertoires – that ultimately determine the way in which this discourse is developed and maintained, both in the magazine content and in everyday life. When the findings resulting from the textual analysis of the work discourse represented in these magazines were compared with actual statistics on the career world, it became obvious, however, that magazine content does not necessarily reflect reality – but that internalising the ambitious, larger-than-life dream aspects contained between a magazine’s covers is precisely the aspect from which readers derive pleasure and satisfaction.<br>Dissertation (MA (Afrikaans))--University of Pretoria, 2007.<br>Afrikaans<br>unrestricted

La recherche porte sur les patrons de distribution longitudinale (amont-aval) et transversale (rive nord - rive sud) des communautés de crustacés planctoniques qui ont été analysés le long du fleuve Saint-Laurent entre le lac Saint-François et la zone de transition estuarienne, à deux hydropériodes en mai (crue) et en août (étiage). Les données zooplanctoniques et environnementales ont été récoltées à 52 stations réparties sur 16 transects transversaux en 2006. Au chapitre 1, nous présentons les principaux modèles écosystémiques en rivière, une synthèse des facteurs influençant le zooplancton en rivières et les objectifs et hypothèses de recherche. Au chapitre 2, nous décrivons la structure des communautés de zooplancton dans trois zones biogéographiques du fleuve et 6 habitats longitudinaux, ainsi que les relations entre la structure du zooplancton et la distribution spatiale des masses d’eau et les variables environnementales. Au chapitre 3, nous réalisons une partition de la variation des variables spatiales AEM (basées sur la distribution des masses d’eau) et des variables environnementales pour évaluer quelle part de la variation du zooplancton est expliquée par les processus hydrologiques (variables AEM) et les conditions locales (facteurs environnementaux). Le gradient salinité-conductivité relié à la discontinuité fleuve-estuaire a déterminé la distribution à grande échelle du zooplancton. Dans les zones fluviales, la distribution du zooplancton est davantage influencée par la distribution des masses d’eau que par les facteurs environnementaux locaux. La distribution des masses d’eau explique une plus grande partie de la variation dans la distribution du zooplancton en août qu’en mai.<br>The research aims to determine the distribution patterns of crustacean plankton along the longitudinal (west-east) and transversal (north shore - south shore) axes of the St. Lawrence River between Lake Saint-François and the estuarine transition zone, during two hydroperiods in May (high discharge) and August (low discharge). The zooplankton samples and the environmental data were collected at 52 stations distributed along 16 transversal transects in 2006. In chapter 1, we present the theoretical concepts of river ecosystem models, and a synthesis on the generative processes driving zooplankton spatial patterns in rivers. We also present our research objectives and hypotheses. In chapter 2, we describe spatial patterns of the zooplankton community structure in three biogeographic zones of the St. Lawrence and 6 longitudinal habitats, together with the relationships between zooplankton spatial structure and water masses spatial distribution and environmental characteristics. In chapter 3, we perform a variation partitioning procedure on spatial variables AEM (based on water masses spatial distribution) and environmental variables in order to assess how much of the zooplankton variation is explained by hydrological processes (AEM variables) and local conditions (environmental factors). The salinity-conductivity gradient related to the fluvial-estuary discontinuity determines the large-scale spatial patterns of the crustacean zooplankton. In the fluvial zones, the zooplankton distribution patterns are more influenced by the water masses spatial structure than by local environmental factors. The spatial distribution of the water masses explained more of the spatial structure of zooplankton communities in August than in May.