Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Caractérisation HF"
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Payet, Nicolas. "Caractérisation d'antennes HF par mesures en champ proche". Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066157.
Texto completo da fonteAfter having been neglected in recent decades, the RF frequency band (3-30~MHz) is currently experiencing a revival. Initially reserved for long-distance communication, by reflection of waves on the ionosphere, the HF band is widely used in radar to detect targets beyond the radio horizon. The performances of such systems depend on the precise knowledge of the electromagnetic field radiated by the antenna. Metric dimensions of these transmitters forbid direct in situ measurement of the electric field radiated by the antenna in the far field zone. In addition, modes of propagation, sky wave and surface wave modes, associated with HF antennas are highly dependent on their environment. The objective here is to define a method for characterizing a HF antenna placed above a real ground, based on a near field measurement. We therefore propose two methods to characterize a HF antenna. The first is based on a modal expansion of the near field, for which we take the ground into account by using a reflection coefficient. Then through an asymptotic expansion of the electric field spectrum, we determine the far field of the antenna. The second method uses a method of moments to identify the equivalent sources modelling the antenna under test. Those equivalent sources are elementary vertical and horizontal dipoles, for which radiation has been analytically calculated by Peter Bannister. A regularization method is used to extract, on the one hand, a physical solution, and on the other hand, to make the linear system less sensitive to measurement noise
Piquet, Jérôme. "Caractérisation et modélisation HF de composants passifs MIM intégrés pour circuits avancés". Chambéry, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CHAMS012.
Texto completo da fonteThe work presented here concerns on the study of the advanced integrated passive components and more particularly MIM capacitors (Metal-Insulator-Metal) with damascene architecture. Their compatibility with microelectronics technologies, led us to study this new architecture of capacity integrating Si3N4 in order to prepare the next generations of integrated circuits. We developed several methods of characterization of MIM capacitor on a broad frequency range (40MHz-40GHz). Thus several approaches making it possible to define various equivalent models, were validated. We also defined several quality standards (cut-off frequency, quality factor, criterion of merit C/L) which can quickly :valuate the performances of the component in high frequency range. The main objective of this work was [) be able to quantify and predict the high frequency performances of the MIM capacitors. Thus we brought replies, compared to the performances of MIM capacitors on : The impact of topologies of electrodes (grid or comb) on the quality factor and the cut-off frequency. The influence of the integration of new high permittivity insulators (Ta20s, HfO2) on the capacitors HF performances. The potentiality of integration of new architectures in three dimensions and we showed that they presented very promising HF performances. This work answers a great number of questions put by the technologists. Now we are able to take the better technological orientations for realization of MIM capacitors, and we manage to have the best optimization of the future generations of integrated circuits
Frère, Jeanne. "Caractérisation numérique de l'exposition électromagnétique des personnes en bandes HF et VHF". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S027/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn military environments, especially land field, high frequencies (HF, 3 - 30 MHz), very high frequencies (VHF, 30 - 300 MHz) and ultra high frequencies (UHF, 300 - 3000 MHz) have been used for long range and shortrange communications, for communication interference or for detection. To have all those functions on the same carrier, they require many antennas, therefore they are increasing the operator's electromagnetic overexposure risk. Civilian and military standards were published providing limits on external electromagnetic fields and dosimetric quantities (specific absortion rate SAR, current density and internal electric field) to limit this overexposure risk between 0 and 300 GHz. The PhD thesis project has two main objectives. First, civilian and military standards are studied to understand how they were developed and if they are really suited for HF and VHF frequencies. Second, a new validation method of Thales radio product is proposed and validated. This PhD thesis project have characterized numerically the human body electromagnetic and thermal behavior during electromagnetic exposure in HF and VHF. Then, by studying couplings between external electromagnetic fields, induced current and human body, formulas to calculate both whole-body averaged SAR and local SAR 10 g in homogeneous body are proposed for the first time
Tozza, Jean-René. "Caractérisation de la turbulence atmosphérique par RADAR VHF et premières observations par RADAR HF". Toulon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOUL0021.
Texto completo da fonteA lagrangian approach allows the turbulent diffusion coefficient and the lagrangian correlation time to be estimated from the expression of the VHP radar signal autocorrelation fonction. A measurement technique, using the beam broadening effect, allows the estimation of the correlation length of the refractive-index flutuations. The estimation of the following parameters are presented: turbulent velocity, aspect sensitivity and correlation length. An original beam forming technique is realized with only one antenna. The obtained 2D patterns and wind velocity estimation are successfully compared with those obtained with a classical technic using 16 antennas. A realisation of an HF radar (20MHz), as a sounding system of the lower neutral atmosphere, is presented for the first time. The preliminary resluts are discussed
Nguyen, Thi Quynh. "Caractérisation et simulation de la contamination et de la décontamination moléculaire des containers plastiques (FOUPs) de l'industrie microélectronique". Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENU039/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn the microelectronics industry, the silicon substrates (wafers) are stored in containers, named FOUP (Front Opening Unified Pod) made in polymers (PC, PEEK, COP, PEI). Such materials are able to sorb the volatile molecular contaminants and subsequently outgas these ones in presence of wafers, leading then to defectivity. This thesis aims to provide a better knowledge and comprehension of FOUP molecular contamination and cleaning, in focusing on four areas: - The determination of the nature, sources and levels of FOUP molecular contaminants. The HF and HCl acids, have been detected in ppbv – ppmv range, and appear as some critical contaminants. - The study of the sorption and outgassing mechanisms of HF and HCl gaseous in polymers. They have been characterized by the establishment, for the first time, of the solubility (~10-1 m3(STP).m-3. Pa-1) and diffusion coefficients (~ 10-15 m2/s) in industrial conditions (22°C, 40% RH, 1 atm). - The cleaning efficiency of different FOUP decontamination methods (AUD, APR, DMS) has been experimentally evaluated from intentionally contaminated FOUPs with HF. The vacuum at 70°C enables to partially decontaminate the contaminants trapped in polymer volume whereas the wet cleaning or the vacuum at ambient temperature can remove only contaminants on the near-surface of the FOUP materials. - The implementation of a model of FOUP polymer contamination, based on Fick and Henry laws and using the established solubility and diffusion coefficients. This model has been proposed and implemented on Comsol Multiphysics. For the first time, the dynamic behaviour of contaminant in the atmosphere and in the FOUP's materials during different contamination and decontamination events has been determined by numerical simulation. Thus the diffusion depth of the contaminant in polymeric materials has been evaluated (few tens to hundreds of µm 48 h after one contamination event) and also the decontamination efficiency of cleaning methods has been able to be predicted
Benarabi, Bilal. "Modélisation et caractérisation de nouveaux conducteurs pour la connectique hyperfréquence". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSES001/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis is part of a project FUI ”Plug InNano”. Objective of the project is offering a new composite conductor, instead of Gold used as a coating conductor in microwave and automotive connectors. An analytical model of the microwave signal behavior has been achieved in composite conductive materials according to their microstructure, especially the case of a multilayer structure. A microwave characterization was performed by measuring the quality factors of microwave coplanarresonators (half-wavelength line and ring), made in the laboratory, to determine the effective electrical conductivity of this new conductor. In parallel, 3D finite element simulations were conducted, and analytical models for losses calculation have been developed to compare the theoretical and experimental results. Value of the electrical conductivity is extracted using the following methods: abacus of quality factors, and inverse calculation by losses analytical models. A new fretting structure (crossed cylinder), suitable for microwave, has been implemented for the characterization of conductor coatingsin fretting environment. Several materials were measured and characterized: noble as Gold and Silver, and non-noble as Tin, white Bronze and Brass. Variation of the microwave contact resistance, as a function of fretting cycles, is measured in the same time with the DC resistance. A damage criterion of a contact for RF signal is defined by 0.1 dB of attenuation
Nakkala, Poornakarthik. "Pulsed I-V and RF characterization and modeling of AIGaN HEMTs and Graphene FETs". Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0028/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of this work is to assess the potentialities of Graphene Field Effect Transistors (G-FET) as well as to put in evidence dispersive effects of AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs). The main experimental results of this study have been obtained through the development of an advanced characterization set-up. The main objective for characterization of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs was to develop innovative characterization techniques such as very short pulses and electrical history measurements. Dedicated time-domain pulsed I-V measurements have been performed in order to characterize and model the time dependent trapping phenomena in such devices. The current collapse (Kink effect) and drain lag are directly related to quiescent and instantaneous bias points as well as thermal effects which play a prominent role. This method provides an efficient way to assess the different thermal and trapping time constants for the nonlinear modeling. The second aspect of this research work was the characterization of several graphene-based devices in order to assess the potentialities of such transistors and to derive a nonlinear device model. DC and high frequency characterization were performed. Specific test structures fabricated for accurate de-embedding at high frequencies along with the nonlinear model extraction were detailed in this work. This electrical model consistency has been checked through the comparison of measured and simulated multi-bias S-parameters. For this new material with outstanding electrical properties and promising capabilities, material and technological process are still subject to intensive research activities to improve high frequency graphene FET performances
Chartier, Caroline. "Caractérisation des propriétés mécaniques du tissu cutané par élastographie impulsionnelle haute fréquence : applications en dermatologie et en cosmétique". Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR3304/document.
Texto completo da fonteNowadays, exploration of cutaneous tissue is limited by the few number of available approaches, known as quantitative methods, allowing an objective description of the mechanical properties of skin tissue. Elastography allows a local exploration of a medium and offers the possibility for some strategies to quantitatively estimate the modulus of elasticity (Young’s modulus). A 1-D high-frequency ultrasonic transient elastography method (HF-TE) allowing a micrometric description of the mechanical properties of skin tissue has been designed for cosmetic and dermatological applications. An experimental system of high-frequency transient elastography has been developed : software, hardware and measurement methodology. The HF-TE technique has been validated using simulation and measurements in monolayer and bilayer calibrated phantoms developed in the laboratory. The Young’s modulus values measured in monolayer media were then compared with those measured by two others dynamic techniques
Trudel, Sébastien. "Caractérisation des comportements boursiers des actions privilégiées canadiennes par rapport aux indices obligataires". Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30738/30738.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteEleter, Mohamad. "Synthèse, Caractérisation et évaluation de nouveaux précurseurs azotés pour dépôt de films d'oxydes métalliques MO2 (M = Hf, Zr) par MOCVD à injection liquide". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00376276.
Texto completo da fontePasko, Sergej. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux précurseurs pour MOCVD à injection liquide d'oxydes binaires et multimétalliques de métaux de transition (Hf, Zr et Co)". Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10077.
Texto completo da fonteEl, Eter Mohamad. "Synthèse, caractérisation et évaluation de nouveaux précurseurs azotés pour dépôt de films d'oxydes métalliques MO2 (M = Hf, Zr) par MOCVD à injection liquide". Lyon 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/37/62/76/PDF/Eleter.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteNew precursors for LI-MOCVD (Liquid Injection Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition) of Hf and Zr were synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, NMR multi-nuclei, X-ray diffraction on monocrystal and TGA. The comparison of the thermal behaviours of various synthesized complexes made it possible to study the effect of various groups on their volatility and thermal stability. The mono-amidinates and -guanidinates appeared more volatile and less stable thermically than the di-amidinates and -guanidinates. The films of hafnium oxide deposited were characterized by XRD, XRR, ATR and XPS. The asymmetrical mono-guanidinates such as Hf(NEt2)3(iPr-Et2-tBu-GUA) and the asymmetrical diguanidinates such as Hf(NMe2)2(Et-Me2-tBu-GUA)2 are very promising for the deposit of HfO2 films. They allow the stabilization of a crystalline phase of HfO2 with a symmetry that is superior to the monoclinical phase at 580°C. Moreover, these precursors allow obtain nitrided films of HfO2 in absence of an additional stage of nitriding
Nguyen, Thi quynh. "Caractérisation et simulation de la contamination et de la décontamination moléculaire des containers plastiques (FOUPs) de l'industrie microélectronique". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00859687.
Texto completo da fonteJanin, Myriam. "Le plateau Amsterdam-St. Paul : caractérisation du point chaud éponyme et évolution de son interaction avec la dorsale Sud-est Indienne". Brest, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00592036.
Texto completo da fonteThe Amsterdam-St Paul plateau (ASP) is an oceanic plateau built from the interaction between ASP hotspot and the Southeast Indian ridge. P volcanic chain, called the chain of the dead Poets (CDP), lies to its northward and related to the hotspot intraplate activity. Their study reveals that ASP plume composition comes from oceanic crust and pelagic sediments recycled in the mantle through a 1,5Ga subduction process, ASP plume activity is pulsatile and occurs preferentially on weakness zones. The CDP construction results thus from (1) the plume pulses and (2) the diffuse divergent boundary between the Capricorn and Australian plates. K-Ar datings reveal that this volcanic chain is made of two generations of seamounts: (1) an old one, of about 9Ma and made of large edifices which had probably a sub-aerial period and (2) a young one, younger than 2Ma, and made of small edifices related to some pounded plume pulse material. In addition, ASP plume has an own motion of about 1-2 cm/yr to the south-west. The ASP plateau lavas compositions (major and trace elements and Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopes) show en important variability and reveal that the underlying mantle is heterogeneous. It is made of a depleted mantle with lower continental crust strips in the form of garnet-plagioclase granulites, probably delaminated during the Gondwana breakup. The lower continental crust s one of the hypotheses for DUPAL anomaly origin and our data support this assumption
Janin, Myriam. "Le plateau d'Amsterdam-St Paul : Caractérisation du point chaud éponyme et évolution de son interaction avec la dorsale Sud-est indienne". Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00592036.
Texto completo da fonteTagro, Yoann. "Mise au point d’une méthodologie de caractérisation des 4 paramètres de bruit HF des technologies CMOS et HBT avancées dans la bande 60-110 GHz : développement de système à impédance variable in-situ". Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10123/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe advanced technologies following the gate length scaling in agreement with Moore’s law allow today to get high performances of silicon transistors (ft/fMax > 150 GHz). The knowledge of the silicon transistors’ dynamic and noise performances in millimeter wave range is mandatory but they characterization is difficult due to the limitation of measurement tools. In this thesis we establish in a first step a state of the art of existing impedance tune. This study is followed by the design and the characterization of integrated impedance tuners in order to avoid the insertion losses induced by the passive devices between mechanical tuner and transistors under test in classical setup. We have described the BEOL, the different integrated tuner’s components, and defined a common tuner’s architecture for both technologies (CMOS 65 nm and BiCMOS9MW). The tuner measures presented performances (TOS of 7:1 and 150:1) better than mechanical ones. The noise characterization methods are presented with particular focus on the multi impedance method that we have used in cold-noise source. We conclude by the extraction of the 4 noise parameters of the MOSFET and HBT transistors, using designed integrated tuners. The obtained noise performances in millimeter wave range are respectively around 2 dB (MOSFET) and 3.5 dB (HBT) and are in agreement with the used models. The possibility to address a broad band of applications with these tuners is also presented, such as load-pull applications, G band integrated tuner, variable gain amplifier
Barraud, Elodie. "Synthèse et caractérisation de borures, carbures et nitrures de M (M=Hf ou Zr) à partir de mélanges de poudres à base de HfCl₄ ou MO₂ activés mécaniquement : essais préliminaires de frittage de poudres de HfB₂". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPL049N.
Texto completo da fonteIn this work, we have studied the synthesis ofborides, carbides and nitrides of zirconium and hafnium, from powders of chlorides and oxides by mechanosynthesis or bail milling. The interest is to synthesize by a new way, Jess complicated than those usually applied, useful compounds for nuclear industry and to increase the value of secondary products of this industry. The compounds have been synthesized in three stages : bail milling, thermal treatment and washing. The reactional mechanisms have been investigated for ail mixtures at every stage. The products of mechanosynthesis have been characterized mainly by X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, scanning and transmission electronic microscopy, mass and infra-red spectroscopy. The ball milling conditions (duration and amount of reagents) have been optimized to obtain pure products. After thermal treatrnent under flowing neuter atmosphere, the mixtures have been washed by hydrochloric acid and / or alcohol to extract the secondary products of the reaction. The microstructures of products have been characterized. When the bor ides are synthesized from hafnium tetrachloride, according to the composition of original mixture the morphology of single cristals is either facetted grains or nanorods, the diameter of wich is around 100 nm. We have shown the conditions necessary to obtain the nanorods and we have suggested hypotheses to explain their growth mechanism. In the particular case of hafnium borides, their densification by hot pressing bas been investigated
Djebbi, Roua. "Contribution à la réalisation par technologies additives hybrides de composants microondes 3D multi-matériaux". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LIMO0110.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis focuses on improving the performance of 3D multi-material microwave components produced through hybrid additive manufacturing technologies, utilizing sintering techniques to optimize the electrical conductivity of printed metallic tracks, and the study of various high-frequency (HF) characterization methods to assess these conductors. The bibliographic study led to the selection of direct printing technologies such as aerosol jet printing (AJP) and material micro-extrusion (nScrypt) for metallic layers, as well as 3D printing of PEKK polymer. One of the main contributions of this work lies in the integration of in situ sintering techniques, such as laser sintering, directly integrated into the nScrypt machine, allowing for the sintering of metallic deposits immediately after printing to maximize their conductive properties. Ohmic sintering was also explored as a complementary method, particularly for metal lines printed via micro-extrusion, with promising results for significantly improving conductivity. In parallel, innovative methods for HF conductivity characterization were developed. These approaches rely on specific probes enabling both contactless and direct contact characterizations, allowing for the measurement of HF conductivity over small areas and the mapping of the conductivity of printed metallic surfaces while accounting for surface roughness. This work is part of a broader goal to integrate these innovations into a hybrid additive manufacturing system, thereby optimizing the performance of 3D microwave components (transmission lines, resonators, etc.)
Lamouroux, Julien. "Erreurs de prévision d'un modèle océanique barotrope du Golfe de Gascogne en réponse aux incertitudes sur les forçages atmosphériques : caractérisation et utilisation dans un schéma d'assimilation de données à ordre réduit". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00107174.
Texto completo da fonteBriney, Emmanuel. "Contribution à l'intégration d'un circulateur HF : Caractérisations magnétiques de couches de ferrite". Limoges, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIMO0023.
Texto completo da fonteThe goal of this work is to contribute to the elaboration of a ferrite integrated circulator working in V band (60 - 70 GHz). My first work was to diminish the cracks which appear in barium ferrite films deposited on silicon (100) substrates. For this purpose, i have realized metallic films made of titanium, gold or copper on silicon prior to the ferrite deposition. They permit to adapt the stress between ferrite films and silicon and also constitute the circulator ground plane. We have chosen the magnetron sputtering technique to deposit these metallic films. To evaluate the barium ferrite films quality, i have developed a new characterization method which permits us to determine the gyromagnetic linewidth. It is based upon the ferrite absorption near the gyrotropic frequency in a metal cylindrical cavity at 56. 7 GHz. Tests on oriented bulk strontium hexaferrite have demonstrated its efficiency
Larbi, Youcef. "Caractérisation géochimique (éléments majeurs et éléments en traces), traçage isotopique (Sm-Nd, Lu-Hf) et géochronologie (Pb-Pb, U-Pb) du groupe de Wakeham, N.E. Québec : bassin sédimentaire prétérozoïque dans la province de Grenville". Thèse, 2003. http://constellation.uqac.ca/745/1/17773537.pdf.
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