Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Caractérisation du cycle circadien"
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Burckard, Odile. "Analyse mathématique de la dynamique du cycle et de la synchronisation des horloges circadiennes périphériques des mammifères". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ4046.
Texto completo da fonteCircadian clocks, present in the cells of virtually all living beings, are essential for the rhythmic regulation of many biological processes. The healthy functioning of organisms depends on the phase coherence of these genetic oscillators. However, in mammals, the mechanisms underlying the synchronization of peripheral clocks remain poorly understood. This thesis focuses on the study of the synchronization of mammalian peripheral circadian clocks and on the analysis of circadian cycle dynamics.First, we hypothesize that peripheral clocks can achieve synchronization through coupling mechanisms, comparable to those observed between central clock cells. We investigate this hypothesis numerically, using a model of a network of coupled peripheral clocks, constructed with ordinary differential equations. Our simulations lead to the identification of factors promoting the synchronization of circadian oscillators. Secondly, we focus on the dynamics of a single circadian cycle, which we characterize theoretically through the construction of a piecewise affine model approximating a continuous model including mass action terms. Our approach is based on the identification of a sequence of periodic transitions between regions of the discretized phase space of the continuous model, and on the development of an algorithm generating real threshold values that guarantee a periodic trajectory for the oscillators of the piecewise affine model and the reproduction of the main qualitative properties of circadian cycles. We then propose a general and automated method for characterizing the behaviour of any circadian cycle whose time series of CLOCK:BMAL1, REV-ERB and PER:CRY protein (complexes) are known. Our method provides a benchmark for testing and comparing the dynamics of different circadian cycles, while highlighting properties they share. Finally, these methods allow us to better understand the influence of coupling on the cycle dynamics of a network of peripheral clocks
Barbot, Willy. "Variation circadienne et induction avec l'âge de l'expression d'un rétrotransposon IAP de souris : caractérisation du site d'insertion proviral et "effet de position"". Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066022.
Texto completo da fonteAmdaoud, Malika. "Stabilité du rythme circadien des cyanobactéries : investigation d’un couplage entre oscillateurs". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10051.
Texto completo da fonteThe circadian clock is a self-sustained biological clock that can be found in many organisms such as mammals, insects, plants, and even cyanobacteria. This rhythm allows living organisms to coordinate their metabolic and behavioural activities with the Earth’s daily rotation. The free-running period of this clock is close to 24h h. The cyanobacteria Synechococcus elongatus sp. PCC7942 is the simplest organism that has this circadian clock. And in spite of cellular division (up to 3 divisions per 24 h), the oscillations persist among a population of bacteria. Moreover, single-cell experiments showed that the oscillations were persisting with a correlation time of several months. We thus raised the question of the origin of such a robust oscillator. Indeed, the cyanobacteria are submitted to various sources of noise, and in spite of these fluctuations, the oscillations remain robust. We therefore investigate the potential coupling between oscillators, which could reinforce the stability of oscillations. By using strains carrying a luciferase reporter, we access to the circadian clock of cyanobacteria. We also used a theoretical model of week interaction between oscillators, this model taking into account the phase diffusion of oscillations. By confronting experimental measures with numerical simulations, we managed to estimate an upper limit to the potential coupling strength between oscillators. By comparing the phase diffusion constant with the coupling strength, we showed that the robustness of the circadian clock of cyanobacteria is a built-in property
Sénécal, Pierre. "Caractérisation du cycle régénération – réjuvénation de catalyseurs d’hydrotraitement additivés". Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10098.
Texto completo da fonteThe regeneration (mild calcination) of used hydrodesulfurization catalysts is an economically and ecologically interesting procedure as it permits the re-use of these catalysts in the industrial plant instead of recycling them. But these regenerated catalysts are usually less active than the original materials. To overcome this problem, these regenerated catalysts can be treated with various organic agents, this process being called “rejuvenation”. To improve this rejuvenation procedure it is necessary to understand firstly, why the regenerated catalysts are less active and secondly, what is the role of the organic agents. With these aims, this work was performed on CoMoP/Al2O3 hydrodesulfurization catalysts. The regeneration step is responsible for the formation of weakly sulfidable species such as CoMoO4 and CoAl2O4 which can explain the decrease in performance of these catalysts. The study of model catalysts and catalysts which were regenerated in the laboratory or industrially show that some organic compounds permit the redispersion of all or part of these undesirable species depending on the solvent used for their impregnation. This redispersion seems to be due to metal complexation with the organic agents. The role of these agents on the Co and Mo sulfidation is also discussed. Due to the metals redispersion and the effect on the Co and Mo sulfidation, the rejuvenation step leads to an increase in the number of active sites and thus to an enhancement of the straight run gas oil HDS catalytic performance (which has been evaluated using a pilot unit)
Touron-Riflart, Nathalie. "Rythme circadien de temperature corporelle au cours du cycle veille-sommeil chez l'homme : influence de l'heure et des stades de sommeil". Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066571.
Texto completo da fonteTouron-Riflart, Nathalie. "Rythme circadien de température corporelle au cours du cycle veille-sommeil chez l'homme influence de l'heure et des stades de sommeil /". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376189360.
Texto completo da fonteBeloin-Saint-Pierre, Didier. "Vers une caractérisation spatiotemporelle pour l'analyse du cycle de vie". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00857936.
Texto completo da fonteSadani, Zouaoui. "Conception de microsystemes pour la manipulation et la caractérisation d'un ovocyte". Besançon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BESA2016.
Texto completo da fonteFaussillon, Marine. "Caractérisation du rôle du chromosome 12 dans l'étiologie du néphroblastome". Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112068.
Texto completo da fonteNephroblastoma, or Wilms' tumor (WT), is one of the most frequent pediatric solid tumors, but little is known about the genetic events involved. By differential gene expression analyses between tumors and normal kidneys, I demonstrated that alteration at the G1/S cell cycle control point, via a specific overexpression of the CCND2 and CDK4 genes, is of biological significance in WTs. These genes map on chromosome 12, at 12p13 and 12q13 respectively. Although trisomy 12 is one of the most frequent alterations in WTs (20% of cases), the underlying mechanisms remained unstudied in this tumor. To investigate the molecular mechanisms responsible for CCND2 and CDK4 overexpression, I quantified CCND2 and CDK4 copy numbers. Overrepresentation of these sequences was shown in 61% of the tumors, either by chromosome 12 duplication, or by clonal amplification of both 12p and 12q regions. This is the first evidence of such a mechanism in WT. CCND2 and CDK4 overexpression and genomic abnormalities were not associated, indicating that these genes are not the targets of the amplification process. Interestingly, statistical analyses highlighted a significant correlation between amplification of both the 12p13 and 12q13 regions and fatal outcome (p=0. 02). These results strongly suggest that chromosome 12 is a relevant actor in nephroblastoma. Identification of the genes associated with an increased risk of death and establishment of molecular profiles with a prognostic value will allow, at end, a customized treatment
Débarges, Béatrice. "L'axe hypothalamo-hypophyso-surrénalien dans la fibromyalgie". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6665.
Texto completo da fonteManzanedo, Lopez Ana. "Élaboration et caractérisation de peptides inhibiteurs de l'interaction cycline B-cdc25C". Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20196.
Texto completo da fonteBehaegel, Jonathan. "Modèles hybrides de réseaux de régulation : étude du couplage des cycles cellulaire et circadien". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4071/document.
Texto completo da fonteModelling biological systems has become instrumental to understand complex and emerging phenomena resulting from partially known influences, and to consider controlling an altered system in order to restore a physiological behaviour. Any model, independent of the underlying paradigm, involves parameters governing its dynamics. However, experimental measurements generally do not allow their identification and this remains one of the major problems of modelling. This PhD proposes an automatic method for identifying the dynamic parameters of biological systems in a hybrid modelling framework. The chosen hybrid framework splits the phase space according to the activity of the biological entities, and associates to each of these subspaces a celerity for each of the components. We introduce a continuous time Hoare logic as well as its weakest precondition calculus which, from qualitative and chronometrical experimental observations, constructs the minimum constraints on the model parameters making it compatible with the observations. This calculus leads to a Constraint Satisfaction Problem on real numbers and we show that it can be solved by the AbSolute solver.The Holmes BioNet prototype developed during this PhD can not only automate the parameter identification process from experimental data, but also simulate the evolution of the obtained model in order to compare it with experimental traces. We use this prototype to model the coupling of the cellular and circadian cycles
Veiga, Fernandez Henrique. "Caractérisation des propriétés des cellules T CD8 mémoires". Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05N127.
Texto completo da fonteWe showed that on a per cell basis memory T cells are more efficient in dealing with the antigenin vivo than their counter partners, the naive T cells. This different capacity is due to qualitative differences of memory T cells related to division and differentiation into effector functions. Compared to na^ive T cells, memory cells divide after a shorter lag time, have an increased division rate and a lower loss rate. Altogether, these parameters justify the efficient expansion of memory T cells upon in vivo stimulation. To assess the mechanisms underlying these unusual proliferative capacities, we studied the cell cycle arrest and progression of nai͏̈ve and memory T cells ex vivo. Despite the high levels of D cyclins and CDKs, memory T cells
Millan, Laurine. "Caractérisation d’inhibiteurs de complexes CDK‐cycline chez Arabidopsis thaliana". Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112149.
Texto completo da fonteAs in all multicellular organisms, growth and development in plants require the coordination of cell production by division and cell differentiation. Progression through cell cycle is controlled by the kinase activity of CDK/cyclin complexes. Inhibitors of these complexes, CKIs, represent excellent candidates to regulate the balance between proliferation and differentiation processes during development. To get insight in the potential integrator role of CKIs, floral development was chosen as a developmental model. Using a real time quantitative PCR approach, we bring to light that during floral development of Arabidopsis thaliana, a restricted subset of CKIs was preferentially expressed. It was decided to focus our work on the two major expressed CKIs, KRP6 and KRP7. A better characterization of their expression patterns of during development was undertaken using complementary approaches such as promoter activity analysis, mRNA dynamics, protein expression and post-translational regulation analysis. Because until now ‘gain of function’ approaches have been largely applied to unravel the role of plant CKIs, our challenge was to detect a floral phenotype for KRP6 and KRP7 loss of function mutants, either using knock-out mutants or RNAi lines. We generated krp6-krp7, krp3-krp6, krp3-krp7 double mutants and krp3-krp6-krp7 triple mutant and also several RNAi lines with specifics promoters. Despite the study of these numerous lines, we were not able to highlight phenotypic effects associated with the absence of CKI function during floral development. All these results emphasis functional redundancy which appears to exist between all KRPs, thus quadruple mutant might be needed to provoke some developmental modification.In order to better understand the integrative function of KRPs during floral development, partners of KRP6 and KRP7 were assessed. Two-hybrid screens were performed to identify cDNAs from a “floral-buds-development” library encoding proteins that are able to interact with KRP6 and KRP7. Interestingly, apart from D-type cyclins, we brought to light a new type of interaction. Indeed, a sub-class of the remorin protein family was able to interact with KRP6 or KRP7 in yeast two-hybrid. Remorins are plant specific plasma membrane associated proteins with unknown function. A BiFC approach in BY-2 protoplasts allowed us to confirm remorins/KRP6-7 interactions. Furthermore, the influence of the presence of remorin proteins on KRP6/7 localisation was assessed. KRP7 is able to adopt a nucleo-cytoplasmic localisation in presence of its new partners.Finally, recent results have shown that AMPK is phosphorylating p27KIP1, KRPs functional counterpart in mammals. These phosphorylation events lead to changes in its cellular localisation and its inhibitory activity toward CDK-cyclin complexes. After in silico analysis aiming to predict potential AMPK Arabidopsis homologue SnRK1 phosphorylation sites within some KRPs protein sequences, recombinant KRP6 was used in order to perform in vitro kinase assays. Phosphorylation occurs efficiently on KRP6 when activated SnRK1 catalytic subunit is present. Furthermore, unlike in mammals, this phosphorylation event leads to an alteration of KRP6 inhibitory activity without modification of its cellular localisation. This abolition of KRP6 activity was confirmed by in planta analysis. Indeed, KRP6 overexpression phenotype can be attenuated by simultaneous SnRK1 catalytic subunit overexpression. The existence of this link between KRP6 and SnRK1 underscores a direct relationship between energy homeostasis and cell proliferation
Leniau, Baptiste. "Caractérisation des sources radioactives du cycle du combustible. Applications au cycle du thorium : synthèse de l'232U en combustibles solides". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00907058.
Texto completo da fonteCougot, Nicolas. "Identification et caractérisation des facteurs impliqués dans la dégradation des ARNm eucaryotes". Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112230.
Texto completo da fonteIn eukaryotic cells, gene expression involve three main steps. First DNA is transcribed in RNA. This RNA, after maturation is exported to the cytoplasm where it will be translated into protein. MRNA decay has been shown to be a key step in gene expression regulation. Our study was on mRNA decapping, a step involved in two decay pathways. We show that in human cells, hDcp1 and hDcp2, form the decapping complex, and co-localize in cytoplasmic foci. Other studies show that other factors, involved in mRNA decay are also located in these cytoplasmic foci. We show that these foci are not related to already described stress granules. By using RNA interference, we show that these structures are active mRNA decay centers. All the factors involved in mRNA decapping form a network of interactions ensuring the transition between translation and degradation. Our second project was to map the domains of interaction between these different factors. Using the two-hybrid method, we initiate the mapping of the different domains involved in these interactions. These studies would allow better comprehension of the formation of the decay center in human cells by using the results obtained with S. Cerevisiae as a starting point
Kisseleva-Romanova, Elena. "Identification et caractérisation du complexe PCC chez la levure S. Cerevisiae". Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112229.
Texto completo da fonteTo identify new splicing factors in yeast S. Cerevisiae, we searched for high-copy number suppressors of the cryosensitive phenotype associated to the U5A mutation in the U1 snRNA (U1-5A). We isolated plasmids containing an intergenic region bearing a cryptic, small ORF(that we named PCC1) containing an intron with a non-canonical 5' splice site. We showed that Pcc1p is not a new splicing factor, but that impaired splicing of its intron is the main limiting factor for growth in the presence of the U1-5A mutation. As PCC1 is a quasi-essential gene, we generated and studied the thermosensitive pcc1-4 mutant. Our analysis of this mutant revealed cell cycle progression defects and a defect in the response to pheromone. Our data suggest that Pcc1p is directly involved in transcription and affects the expression of several genes, which underlies the pcc1 mutant phenotypes. The PCC complex contains three additional proteins: Kaelp, a putative metalloprotease, Bud32p, a kinase and Pcc2p. Multiple genetic, additional physical interactions among these proteins and the phenotype of the mutants suggest that the PCC complex function as a unit in the cell. We show that the function of the complex is conserved in metazoans. The presence of a putative endopeptidase and a kinase are the most intriguing features of the PCC complex. We suggest that the endopeptidase activity of Kaelp and the kinase activity of Bud32p are the molecular functions that underlie the role of the PCC complex in transcription. We report genetic interactions between PCC1 and chromatin modifying factors, which suggest that the PCC complex might impact transcription through a chromatin modifying function
Siméoni, Fédérica. "Caractérisation structurale et fonctionnelle d'une nouvelle protéine Dim2". Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20181.
Texto completo da fonteFois-Andreoletti, Nathalie. "Caractérisation de protéines identifiées comme interagissant avec l'inhibiteur du cycle cellulaire p21 [Waf1/Cip1]". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10238.
Texto completo da fonteBernis, Cyril. "Caractérisation de nouveaux mécanismes de régulation de la kinase mitotique Cdk1-cycline B". Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20246.
Texto completo da fonteBabar, Sandly. "Cross-talk between cell-cycle control and the environment". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00998938.
Texto completo da fonteMteyrek, Ali. "Rôle de l’horloge circadienne dans la cancérisation hépatique expérimentale et sa prévention". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA114801/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) concluded that “shift-work that involves circadian disruption is probably carcinogenic to humans”. Severe disruption alteration accelerated tumor progression and enhanced carcinogenesis. During my PhD, I demonstrated that circadian disruption resulting from mutation of Per and Cry clock genes accelerated liver carcinogenesis induced by diethylnitrosamine through promoting genomic instability, cellular proliferation, and inflammation. I showed that meal timing or dexamethasone altered circadian regulation of these three characteristics of cancer, suggesting a therapeutic intervention targeting the circadian system could prevent carcinogenesis. I have thus demonstrated the circadian control of three molecular mechanisms of early carcinogenesis and proposed two interventions targeting the circadian clock for liver carcinogenesis prevention
Jung-Romeo, Sabrina. "Caractérisation de MSI2 et MSI3 : deux sous-unités du CRL4 et potentiels régulateurs chromatiniens chez Arabidopsis thaliana". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ020/document.
Texto completo da fonteSelective protein degradation by the UPS (Ubiquitin Proteasome System) is highly conserved in all eukaryotes. The E3 ubiquitin ligases are the last actors in the ubiquitylation pathway and target specifically the proteins for degradation. CRL4 E3 ligases form multiprotein complexes where the substrate receptors are called DCAFs for DDB1-CUL4 Associated Factor. Studies made in mammals and yeast allowed to highlight a characteristic signature for the DCAFs: the WDxR motif at the end of a WD40 domain. Bioinformatic studies could identify around 85 potential DCAFs in Arabidopsis thaliana. Among those receptors, we were interested in a small multigenic family called MSIs (Multicopy Suppressor of IRA1). Previous studies showed that MSI1 and MSI4 belong to different CRL4 complexes functionally connected to a PRC2 complex (Polycomb Repressive Complex 2). The results obtained and described in this manuscript highlight a physical interaction between MSI (2 or 3) and DDB1a suggesting the existence of a multimeric complex including CUL4. Furthermore, bioinformatic as well as experimental data, allowed us to establish that MSI2 and MSI3 gene expression are cell cycle regulated. Moreover, phenotypic analysis of an msi3 loss of function mutant showed a delayed growth implying a function as cell cycle regulator. On the other hand, the ability of MSI3 to interact with chromatin regulators points to an epigenetic regulatory pathway. However, the exact function of these proteins remains to be determined
Deslandes, Willy. "Structure et dispersion de l'aérodynamique interne des moteurs diesel : caractérisation par diagnostic optique". Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPT060H.
Texto completo da fonteIn order to comply with the environmental european laws, cars manufacturer have to reduce polluant emissions by introducing exhaust fumes traitement system. Due to their cost, it is necessary to reduce to a minimum the pollutant emissions during the combustion by improving the combustion quality. One of the best way is to control internal aerodynamic motion. This work comes within this scope, and puts forward by an experimental approach, to investigate Diesel internal aerodynamic flow. The originality lies in the development of optical accesses engines, which have the sames characteristics of real engine, and in the adjustment of the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) to strong thermodynamic conditions. The innovative solutions allow to realize numerous measurements, whatever the crank angle degree and plane location are. [. . . ]
Azizi, Samir Lalla Amina. "Identification et caractérisation de nouveaux gènes de réponse au stress induit par la pancréatite aiguë". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003GRE18002.
Texto completo da fonteMatkovic, Roy. "Caractérisation de l'implication de l'hélicase DHX9 (RHA) dans le cycle de multiplication du virus Chikungunya". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT007.
Texto completo da fonteViruses are obligate intracellular parasites recruiting cellular cofactors to divert different biological processes enabling them to replicate their genome and to form other viral particles. If cellular cofactors of Semliki Forest virus replication have recently been identified, very few studies have revealed the replication partners of the very close Alphavirus Chikungunya (CHIKV). During this study, We have discovered recruitments of several DExD/H Box Helicases at the CHIKV replication sites. Among them, DHX9 or RNA Helicase A (RHA) through its RNA binding properties and in modulating RNA secondary structures or Ribonucleoproteins complexes, is involved in various functions from transcription, translation, replication of genomes and up to production of infectious particles of many viruses. In the case of Chikungunya virus, we have characterized a proviral function in the translation of non-structural proteins and an antiviral function in the genome replication. These opposite functions are manipulated by CHIKV to ensure production nonstructural proteins, components of the CHIKV replication complex while maintaining its replication. These works reveal a new translation regulation mechanism of CHIKV genomic RNA and bring some knowledge on the passage from the translation stage to the replication step of CHIKV genome
Sadou, Yaye Hassane. "Etude du cycle de vie du Ticagrelor par une approche combinée prédictive et caractérisation structurale". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS024/document.
Texto completo da fonteTragedies caused by the misuse of pharmaceuticals have put the drug safety at the core of the concerns of healthcare providers. Throughout its life cycle, a drug may be subjected to environmental stresses, which can lead to its degradation. Thorough understanding about the susceptibility of a drug to degrade is an essential step to avoid it. This problem is in particular relevant in a hospital setting, where commercial drugs are usually applied to specific cases without a clear understanding of its limitations. As part of this PhD project, a life cycle study strategy for a commercial drug has been implemented in order to increase its safety in use. Given the prominence of solid forms in the therapeutic arsenal, ticagrelor, a recent antiplatelet agent (APA) in tablet form, was chosen for this study. The first step was devoted to the evaluation of the intrinsic stability and the structural elucidation of the degradation products making use of LC-HR-MSn, providing access to the elemental composition. Degradation pathways have been proposed and the safety of the products has been evaluated via an in silico toxicological approach. Furthermore because antiplatelet agents are often used in combination therapy, in the second part, a preformulation strategy with aspirin in the solid state has been studied using the complementary techniques LC-HR-MSn, DSC, PXRD, and TGA. The mixture of the two active pharmaceutical ingredients gave rise to a simple eutectic. We have demonstrated that the degradation of ticagrelor in these mixtures is closely related to the stability of aspirin, which is modulated by environmental conditions. The ticagrelor study provides a model for the safety management of other drugs and can contribute to their appropriate recycling
Braun, Nils. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle de la protéine de liaison d'auxine ABP1 au cours du développement chez Arabidopsis thaliana". Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112333.
Texto completo da fonteIn order to study the part played by ABP1 protein during plant development, conditional mutants have been generated. A cellular immunization approach was chosen. It consists in expressing a scFv (a kind of mini antibody) directed against the protein with an antagonist action. Some results had already been achived in the lab through this method, showing that BY2 cells expressing this scFv are not able to perform cell cycle anymore. The scFv expression and an antisens RNA for ABP1 have been placed under the control of an ethanol inducible promoter in Arabidopsis thaliana. Several independant lines have been generated for each construction and show the same phenotype. Whenever the scFv or antisens are expressed it causes severe growth defect in the plant and leads to alteration of gravitropism, phototropism, primary root growth, lateral root formation, aerial organs growth and sterility. Comparison of those phenotypes with already known auxin mutants and apparition kinetics of auxin induced genes expression in those plants have led to the identification of modifications in key auxin-related genes expression. A strong link has also been demonstrated between ABP1 and cell cycle in root tip, lateral root primordia and aerial organs. This link has been confirmed by cell cycle-related transcript quantification. Those results highlight the strong link between ABP1, cell cycle control and plant development. The conditional mutant lines for ABP1 thus generated are a unique material for a better understanding of ABP1’s role in auxin signaling in plant
Mansour, Mariam. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle de l'oncoprotéine E7 de papillomavirus humains de types cutanés et muqueux". Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10290.
Texto completo da fonteCervical cancer is associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The oncogenic activities of HPV are related by their ability to inhibit two cellular tumor suppressor genes p53 and pRB, using their oncoproteins E6 and E7, respectively. As a consequence, certain HPV types are able to induce cell proliferation in vivo and in vitro. In this study, we characterized the functionality of the oncoprotein E7 from a cutaneous HPV type 77, and from three mucosal HPV types 26, 53 and 66 classified as ‘probable high-risk’. Our data showed that HPV77 E7 is able to associate with pRB, and does not efficiently deregulate the cell cycle control. In contrast, HPV26, 53 and 66 E7 bound to pRb and induced the expression of cell cycle regulators such as cyclin A and cyclin E. They are able to promote proliferation of primary human keratinocytes and circumvent G1 arrest imposed by over expression of p16INK4a , although to a lesser extent than the high risk type HPV16 E7
Sondaz, Delphine. "Caractérisation de Boi2 au cours du cycle cellulaire : une protéine impliquée dans la morphogenèse chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Aix-Marseille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX22065.
Texto completo da fonteSoundasse, Munir. "Caractérisation et rôle de l'ADN non intégré du VIH-1 dans le cycle de réplication virale". Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA077252.
Texto completo da fonteThe HIV-1 DNA is present in different forms, integrated into the cellular genome, or unintegrated: linear (DNAL) or circular (I-LTR or 2-LTR circle). The aim of this work is to characterize and identify the role of the different unintegrated molecules in HIV-1 replication cycle and more particularly 2-LTR circles. By establishing new technologies to quantify DNAL (unprocessed and processed forms) and 1-LTR circles, we described, in an exhaustive manner, the dynamics of all viral DNA forms during viral infection in different conditions. Firstly, we have demonstrated the strong efficiency of DNAL 3'-processing reaction, which takes place very early in the viral cycle, and the modulation of this reaction by various compounds that inhibit integration. In addition, we have shown that the 1-LTR circles formation implies, non-exclusively, the homologous recombination pathway and the viral reverse transcription. Secondly, we highlighted the reversibility of anti-integrase molecules such as Raltegravir (RAL), The RAL reversibility ailowed us to show, in vitro and ex vivo, that 2-LTR circies, described yet as moiecuies having no significant role in the replication cycle, are an efficient substrate involved in the integration reaction mediated by the integrase. Therefore, our results demonstrate that 2-LTR circles are not a "dead-end" molecule but cari be considered like a backup molecule for the viral information
Jomaa, Fatima. "Précipitations sur le sud de la France : caractérisation, source et impacts sur le cycle hydrologique régional". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALU025.
Texto completo da fonteThe Mediterranean region stands out as a potential ’hotspot’ in climate science which signifies a region where the impacts of climate change are expected to be particularly significant. In Mediterranean region there is intricate interplay between the ocean atmosphere and land, coupled with distinct morphological features. This strong coupling refers to the interactions among the Mediterranean Sea, the atmosphere, and the surrounding land, influencing specific local climate dynamics. In our study, we focused on the Southern part of France located in the northwestern Mediterranean region. Due to these special geographical features and the complex interactions between ocean and atmospheric processes at different spatial and temporal scales, the climate and especially the hydroclimate of the Southern part of France exhibits intricate spatial and temporal characteristics and their variability. There is a lack of understanding of local hydrological processes, which requires a high-resolution comprehensive analysis of all hydrological cycle components in this region. In our work, we will focus on the atmospheric branch of the hydrological cycle in the Gulf of Lion and we will consider precipitation, moisture transport, and surface hydrological processes such as runoff and soil moisture.The aim of this PhD research can be summarized in three main questions addressing the complexities of the hydrological cycle over southern France:1. What are the strengths and weaknesses of various type of datasets in capturing the precipitation variability and its extremes over southern France ?To answer this question, we investigated the accuracy and reliability of all available data sources for this region in representing the actual climatic conditions, providing insights into their applicability for hydrological studies in the Mediterranean region. Results of this analysis are presenting in Chapter 2.2. What are the sources of moisture transport contributing to precipitation and extreme weather events in southern France ?To answer this question, we analyzed the moisture transport in this region. Additionally, we investigated the moisture transport for the conditions of extreme precipitation events. To explores the mechanisms driving of moisture transport we performed clustering analysis of corresponding weather patterns. Results are presenting in Chapter 3.3. How do variability and trends in precipitation impact soil moisture and continental runoff in southern France ?To answer this question, we analyzed the interactions between precipitation patterns and terrestrial components of the hydrological cycle, such as soil moisture and runoff. Reasulate are presenting in Chapter 4.The structure of this thesis is organized as follows: Chapter 1 introduces the data sources utilized in this study, discussing their respective limitations. It also details the methodologies employed to evaluate these datasets and to investigate the sources of moisture affecting this region. Chapter 2 focuses on the examination of precipitation characteristics within the region. It assesses various precipitation datasets to understand their reliability and accuracy in capturing the area’s precipitation dynamics. Chapter 3 is dedicated to analyzing long-term moisture transport patterns. This chapter aims to elucidate the mechanisms behind moisture movement into the region. Chapter 4 delves into the analysis of runoff and soil moisture, exploring their relationship with precipitation. It examines how precipitation influences soil moisture and runoff, contributing to the broader understanding of the regional hydrological cycle
Gérus, Marie. "Caractérisation de facteurs requis pour la synthèse des ribosomes et étude des connexions entre synthèse des ribosomes et cycle cellulaire chez les Eucaryotes". Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1180/.
Texto completo da fonteRibosome biogenesis in eukaryotic cells begins with transcription of repeated units of ribosomal DNA by the RNA polymerase I generating the primary transcript precursor of matures rRNA 18S, 5. 8S and 25S. This transcript associates co-transcriptionally with some ribosomal proteins, the precursor of the fourth rRNA (5S) and a large number of assembly factors and small ribonucleoprotein particles to generate an early pre-ribosomal particle of 90S also called SSU processome. This particle undergoes a complex maturation process leading to production of the two matures ribosomal subunits to provide protein synthesis. Literature data suggest that in Eukaryotes ribosome biogenesis is coordinated with other essentials cellular processes, especially with cell cycle progression. During my thesis I have worked on three projects. The characterization of Rrp36p, a new essential factor for ribosome biogenesis in yeast and human cells. Study of the human protein HCA66, involved in centrosome duplication and in chromosome segregation during mitosis. Our results show that HCA66 is also required for biogenesis of the small ribosomal subunit in HeLa cells. The study of yeast Rpf2p protein, required for the synthesis of the large ribosomal subunit. Our results show that Rpf2p could be involved in mechanisms of chromatin modification in relation to the regulation of transcription
Versteege, Isabella. "Caractérisation d'un nouveau gène suppresseur de tumeur hSNF5/INI1 impliqué dans les tumeurs rhabdoi͏̈des malignes". Paris 7, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA077192.
Texto completo da fonteEsnault, Catherine. "Pharmacologie cellulaire du ditercalinium, un agent antitumoral bis-intercalant de l'ADN : mécanisme d'action dans les cellules eucaryotes et caractérisation d'une lignée tumorale resistante". Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066128.
Texto completo da fonteHorn, Virginie. "Mise en évidence et caractérisation d'une interaction fonctionnelle entre la kinase Aurora-A et la phosphatase PP2A". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005GRE10046.
Texto completo da fonteMitosis progression is tightly controlled by a succession of enzymatic reactions, including those catalyzed by numerous protein kinases and phosphatases. More specifically, the mitotic serine/threonine kinase Aurora-A is required in these processes as it is involved in the regulation of the G2/M transition, centrosome cycle, mitotic spindle and chromosomes segregation. Aurora-A is activated by interacting with other proteins such as TPX2 or AJUBA and its kinase activity is modulated by the phosphorylation at specific sites. Besides, it has been recently shown in vitro that Aurora-A degradation by the proteasome pathway is induced by the dephosphorylation of a highly conserved residue: serine 51. In this study, we have shown that the phosphatase PP2A and the kinase Aurora-A are co-localized in centrosomes and are interacting within the same complex. Moreover, the pharmacological inhibition of PP2A activity or the inhibition of its expression both led to Aurora-A stabilization in vivo. These results indicate that PP2A controls Aurora-A degradation in vivo. Finally, we confirmed in vivo in mammalian cells that phosphorylation of the S51 residue prevents the degradation of Aurora-A
Courtois-Cox, Stéphanie. "DeltaNp53, une isoforme du suppresseur de tumeur p53 : découverte, caractérisation et fonctions biologiques". Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077207.
Texto completo da fonteRaynaud, Cécile. "Relations entre cycle cellulaire et division des plastes : caractérisation des gènes AtSulA, AtCDT1a/b et ATXR5/6". Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA112087.
Texto completo da fontePlastids are indispensable to plant cell survival because a large number of metabolic pathways take place in them. These organelles originated from an endosymbiosis between a host cell and a cyanobacteria. Therefore, plants do not synthetise plastids de novo : they proliferate by binary fission. The mechanism of plastid division is closely related to that of bacterial cell division but its regulation is poorly understood. Mitosis results in a two-fold decrease in plastid number. Moreover, plastid number in mesophyll cells correlates with cell size and cell ploidy. Plastid division and cell cycle are thus likely to be coordinated. To investigate this, and to analyse the underlying molecular mechanism, we caracterised the function of three Arabidopsis genes. The first was chosen on the basis of its sequence similarity with a bacterial cell division inhibitor. The others were analysed because they are known to play a role in cell cycle regulation, and harbour plastid targeting sequences. The first approach allowed us to identify a new plastid division protein. The second led us to the conclusion that cell cycle and plastid division are indeed coordinated, and that the link between the two processes could occur at the G1/S transition. This hypothesis accounts both for the maintain of plastid number in proliferating cells, and for the increase in plastid number in endoreduplicating cells
Fougani, Malika. "Analyse du cycle de vie des boues de forage pétrolier : caractérisation des émissions toxiques en milieu aride". Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6122.
Texto completo da fonteLebreton, Morgane. "Caractérisation des effets d'un anxiolytique (oxazépam) sur le cycle de vie d'un gastéropode d'eau douce, Radix balthica". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30291.
Texto completo da fonteFreshwater contamination by pharmaceuticals is becoming a major concern over the last decades. Antibiotics and hormonal treatments have been the focus of attention but some pharmaceutical families are not subject to many studies yet. This is especially true for psychoactive drugs, and particularly anxiolytics. Among anxiolytics, oxazepam is one of the most frequently detected psychotropic in surface waters in connection with its high consumption but also to its status of metabolite of many benzodiazepines. This molecule has been subject to some ecotoxicological studies mainly focused on behavioural disturbance in fish. However, very few studies are interested in its effects on aquatic invertebrates. Thus, this thesis aims to assess the impact of environmental relevant oxazepam concentrations on the life cycle of a freshwater gastropod widespread in Europe, Radix balthica. We asked if and how oxazepam affected three important steps of the life of this organism: reproduction, embryonic development and growth, coupling physiological, behavioural and molecular approaches. This work consists into three parts, corresponding to the three steps previously described (reproduction, embryonic development and growth). For each of these stages, organisms have been exposed to relevant oxazepam concentrations: 10 µg/L corresponding to the maximal concentration found in STEP effluents and 0.8 µg/L corresponding to the maximal concentration found in river. Numerous physiological (e.g. reproductive apparatus state, fertility, hatching rate, growth, feeding rate) and behavioral parameters (e.g. social interactions, locomotion) have been tested to answer the question raised. Studies on embryogenesis and growth have been completed by a transcriptomic analysis to bring information on potential toxicity mechanisms at molecular level. Results showed that, at the adult stage (reproduction), oxazepam increased spermatozoa density at high concentration (10 µg/L) and decreased the number of eggs per eggmass at low concentration (0.8 µg/L). A decrease of the locomotor activity has also been observed for both oxazepam concentrations. Studies led on the embryonic stage showed a high inter-population variability which did not allow conclusions on potential effects of oxazepam. Finally, concerning the juvenile stage, results showed a significant effect of oxazepam on feeding rate with an activator effect at low concentration and an inhibitory effect at high dose. A reduction of mortality after exposure has also been demonstrated at the lowest concentration. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a global under-expression of genes involved in neural transmission linked to many functions, such as feeding behavior, growth, locomotion or chemoreception. Taken together, these results enhance the ecotoxicological knowledge of oxazepam impact on an aquatic invertebrate
Froehlich, Jeanne. "Caractérisation de Fam65b, un nouvel effecteur de FoxO1 dans la régulation de la quiescence". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB075/document.
Texto completo da fonteT cell fate is conditioned by the integration of many soluble and cellular signals. When T cells are not stimulated, FoxO transcription factors orchestrate an important molecular network involved in maintaining the quiescent state and migratory ability of the cells. Considered as a "default" state, it is now known that maintenance of T cell quiescence is a process highly regulated by a set of signals including IL7 signaling and sustained contact with MHC molecules presenting self-peptides. Surprisingly, these same signals are required to induce entry of cells into the cell cycle. Inhibition of T cell proliferation is an active mechanism that can be lifted by external signals. The molecular mechanism maintaining this quiescent state is poorly described. My thesis project was studying the functional consequences of Fam65b expression, a new transcriptional target of FoxO, on proliferation. I showed that, in transformed cells, that have lost the ability to regulate their proliferation, forced expression of Fam65b disrupts the establishment of the mitotic spindle, inducing an arrest in G 2 /M phase and cell death. During this process, Fam65b acts with two partners, known to be involved in the cell cycle process, the histone deacetylase HDAC6 and the 14-3-3 protein scaffold. I have also been able to establish that in human primary T cell, Fam65b is a quiescence factor. Indeed, the TCR stimulation induces a reduction of Fam65b expression and maintaining its expression blocks the proliferation of T cells, suggesting that inhibition of Fam65b expression is a prerequisite for proliferation. Conversely, inhibition of Fam65b expression in naive T cells reduces their activation threshold. Altogether these results show that Fam65b is a new target for the control of the proliferation of primary and transformed cells. We have also developed, in the laboratory, a mouse model invalidated for Fam65b in T cell lineage. I initiated the phenotype analysis of these mice in the absence of any stimulation. This work, in addition to the previous results obtained in the laboratory, reveal that Fam65b is a new effector of FoxO factors, able to interact with various partners to jointly control major cellular functions
Nafati, Mehdi. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle des inhibiteurs de Cyclin-Dependent Kinase (CDK) dans le fruit de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum)". Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21712/document.
Texto completo da fonteWithin the Joint Research Unit 619 of the National Institute of Agronomic Research (INRA), the group "Organogenesis of the Fruit and endoreduplication" examines the molecular players involved in cell cycle control in tomato fruit. The purpose of this thesis is the study of the cell cycle inhibitor Kip-Related Protein and its role during fruit development. Identification of protein motifs in the functional inhibitor of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase in Solanum lycopersicum SlKRP1: Their role in interactions with partners in the cell cycle The Kip-related proteins (KRPs) play a major role in the regulation of cell cycle. It has been shown to inhibit the CDK / Cyclin and thus block cell cycle progression. Despite their lack of homology with their counterparts in animals beyond their binding motif CDK / Cyclin, located at the C-terminal protein sequences in the plant, previous studies have shown the presence of conserved motifs plant specific in some KRPs, but there is little information about their function. We show here that the KRPs are distributed into two phylogenetic groups, and that each subgroup has specific short conserved motifs. The KRPs from subgroup 1 have six conserved motifs. Using SlKRP1, which belongs to subgroup 1, we have identified the motifs responsible for the localization of the protein and protein-protein interactions. We demonstrate that the pattern 2 is responsible for the interaction with CSN5, a subunit of the signalosome complex, and that the motif 5 is redundant with motif 3 with respect to the sub-cellular localization of the protein. We also show that SlKRP1 is capable of guiding SlCDKA1 and SlCycD3; 1 to the nucleus, even in the absence of CDK / cyclin binding motif previously referenced. This new site of interaction is probably located in the central part of the sequence of SlKRP1. These results provide new clues about the role of the little-known part of this protein. Overexpression of SlKRP1 in tomato mesocarp disrupts the proportionality between endoreduplication and cell size The fruit is a specialized organ which results from the ovary after pollination and fertilization, and provides a suitable environment for seed maturation and dispersal. Because of their importance in human nutrition and economic importance, fleshy fruit species have been the subject of study mainly focused on the developmental formation of the ovary, fruit set and fruit ripening. The stage of fruit growth has been much less studied, although cell division and cell growth taking place during this period are crucial to determining the final size of the fruit, as well as its mass and shape. The development of tomato fruit mesocarp occurs by the estate of a phase of cell division followed by a phase of cell expansion associated with endoreduplication, leading to the formation of giant cells (up to 0.5 mm) with ploidy levels of up to 256C. Although a clear relationship between endoreduplication and cell growth has been shown by many examples in plants, the exact role of endoreduplication has still not been elucidated, since most of the experiments leading to a change in the level of endoreduplication in plants also affected cell division. We studied the kinetics of the development of tomato mesocarp morphologically and cytologically and studied the effect of the reduced level of endoreduplication in the development of the fruit over-expressing the cell cycle inhibitor Kip-Related Protein 1 (SlKRP1) specifically in the growing cells of the tomato mesocarp. We show a direct proportionality between endoreduplication and cell size during normal development of the fruit, which allowed us to build a model for development of mesocarp defining the thickness of the pericarp by taking into account the number of cell divisions and the number of rounds of endoreduplication. Surprisingly, the tomato mesocarps affected in their level of endoreduplication by over-expression of SlKRP1 are not affected in terms of cell size and fruit, or on their metabolic content. Our results demonstrate for the first time that while the level of ploidy is closely linked with cell size and fruit, endoreduplication is not responsible for the cell growth of tomato mesocarp
Perreau-Morillon, Pauline. "Identification et caractérisation d'une protéine comme inhibiteur général de la transcription réalisée par l’ARN Polymérase III humaine". Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR21664.
Texto completo da fonteDoucet, Sandrine. "Etude fonctionnelle de RhoG, une petite GTPase apparentée a Rac et Cdc42. Localisation sub-cellulaire et caractérisation de partenaires et effecteurs". Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON1T030.
Texto completo da fonteForand, Anne. "Caractérisation de la réponse des cellules germinales mâles néonatales à un stress génotoxique". Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077123.
Texto completo da fonteThe fertility of an individual and the integrity of the genome of its progeny depend partly on the number and the quality of the germ cells, which are set up during foetal and neonatal life. We were particularly interested in the neonatal gonocytes, which are the precursors of the spermatogonia stem cells. We studied their short and long-term in vivo response to genotoxic stress (y-rays) by comparing it with that of neonatal spermatogonia. We showed that gonocytes are more sensitive to the induction of DMA double strand breaks (DSBs) than spermatogonia. After irradiation in phase S of their cell cycle, gonocytes are blocked in the following G1 phase whereas spermatogonia are blocked preferentially in G2/M. In addition, the repair of DSBs is faster in gonocytes than ir spermatogonia. Even if a dose of 2 Gy does not alter the fertility of the irradiated animals, it induces a significant reduction in sperm counts. This suggests an impairment of the spermatogonial stem pool due to a strong apoptosis of gonocytes after activation of the intrinsic pathway. We showed that PUMA is an essential regulator of this pathway in gonocytes. Irradiatior of spermatogonia with the same dose induces cellular death, however compensatory mechanisms probably related to the presence of more radio-resistant stem cells, are activated. Thus, in the adult, neither the testicular histology, nor the sperm counts were affected. Altogether, these date suggest the existence of particularly sensitive mechanisms in germ cells, permitting to direct these cells towards death in response to genotoxic stress, rather than to risk the transmission o-mutations resulting from DMA lesion misrepair
Tissot, Catherine. "Clonage et caractérisation de nouveaux gènes modulables par les interférons Alpha et Bêta". Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20041.
Texto completo da fonteRanc, Pierre. "Contribution au développement d'un Moteur à Apport de Chaleur Externe à soufflets métalliques. Étude théorique, conception, réalisation et caractérisation expérimentale". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCD045.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis covers the theoretical and experimental study of the Ericsson Externally Heated Valve Engine (E.H.V.E.).Specifically, it focuses on the development of a dedicated dynamic model in order to predict a wide range of the engine's capabilities.This mathematical model is made up of thermodynamical and mechanical equations. The flow which passes through the compressor valves and expander valves is modelled on the Barré-de-Saint-Venant equation. A parametric analysis of the compressor ratio, mechanical load, temperature or polytropic coefficient is done in order to assess their effects on the engine's kinematics. Furthermore, the conception and the build of a test bench is made. It consists of metal bellows that aim to replace the traditional cylinder and piston. The compressor is linked to the expander from a lever which allows the reduction of the pressure force during the expansion stroke. It also gives the possibility to alter the working volume. Pressure, force, flow and temperature sensors are placed on the engine at strategic points in order to study it. A microthermocouple is used to monitor the temperature signal in the compression and expansion phase. Initially, the engine is tested at ambient temperature to give a point of reference. Electrical heaters are used to increase the expansion temperature starting point above 450°C. It appears that a heat flow in the cylinder head, cools down the warm airflow coming from the heater to 160°C in the best case scenario. The experimental results show a really good agreement with the model, particularly if we consider the engine dynamic in terms of pressure, displacement or volume. A compression cooling system is also added to the test bench in order to reduce energy needs. In all cases, the temperature during the compression is always lower with the injection of water mist. And finally, intake expander pipes and discharge compressor pipes are connected to measure the pressure loose and temperature fluctuations of the airflow between the bellows. The studied technology is promising particularly thanks to the use of bellows that allow a superior exchange of heat, as well as avoiding leaks and friction
Lachaud, Cédric. "Etude du cycle sismique sur une expérience analogique de zone de faille : caractérisation de la déformation par suivi micro-sismique". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAU002/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe deformation observed along a seismic fault can be described as the succession of phases for which the fault accumulate stress imposed by the steady deformation of the surrounding regions, and phases of sudden sliding during which the stress is relaxed: the earthquakes. After the rupture, strengthening mechanisms are required to make possible the new accumulation of elastic stress. Therefore, the seismic cycle results in the steady competition between strengthening and damage. The aim of this study is to explore the role of cohesion-healing on the fault deformation dynamic, as well as to characterize the effect of slip rate on the seismicity. The experimental set-up designed by Weiss et al (2016) has been extended in this study to carry out a micro-seismic monitoring of the deformation. This experiment consists in the shear deformation of a fault created in a thin ice plate overlying a water column. Cohesion-healing mechanisms are achieved through freezing of the water along the fault. The damage mechanisms and the spatial and temporal distribution of the deformation can be characterized thanks to the detectable elastic waves emitted by the fracturing. Because of the plate geometry and underlying water column, we observed guided waves similar to the Lambs symmetric and antisymmetric modes.The largest fractures distribute according to a power law of the form $10^{-bm}$ that is similar to the one observed in seismology. At a constant sliding rate, we observe a large $b$ value, $simeq 3$, which is much larger than the value observed in the Earth's crust ($b=1$). This large $b$ value indicates that the deformation is mainly accommodated aseismically or by small, undetected, fractures. During Slide-Hold-Slide experiment that corresponds to a case for which the cohesion-healing is enhanced compared to the damage, we observe a decrease in the $b$-value likely due to a decrease in fault heterogeneity and an increase of the fault ability to store more elastic stress before the rupture, allowing the fractures to grow larger. An important part of the fractures are multiplets, swarms of fractures, which seem to be passive by-products of the imposed deformation. This behaviour is similar to the one observed for swarm seismicity triggered by slip transient: high $b$-value, no identified mainshock, and very little triggering. For small driving rate $Omega$, we observe an increase in torque drop amplitude with magnitude, $Delta Gamma sim M_0 sim 10^{1.2m}$, similar to the relation observed in seismology, $M_0 sim 10^{1.5m}$. Thus, the latter could be extended to small magnitudes observed in this study. A decrease of the seismic coupling is observed through the decrease in the number of fractures per unit of slip, and because in average a fracture behaves similarly at the different $Omega$ tested. Finally, for a given magnitude interval, we observe a decrease in torque drop amplitude with the increase in $Omega$. This could be explained by the observed decrease in seismic coupling or by a decrease in strengthening rate with $Omega$ that is not observed
Varela, Chavez Carolina. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle d’une cyclomoduline pro-apoptotique nommée Cif (Cycle Inhibiting Factor) chez les bactéries entomopathogènes du genre Photorhabdus". Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20183.
Texto completo da fontePontier, Garance. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle de TCTP et CSN4 dans la régulation de la progression du cycle cellulaire et de la croissance mitotique chez Arabidopsis thaliana". Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEN065.
Texto completo da fonteIn plants as in animals, organ size is a crucial characteristic achieved by cell proliferation, growth, differentiation and death Those processes are precisely monitored and many of their key regulators are conserved in all eukaryotes. Among them, TRANSLATIONNALY CONSERVED TUMOR PROTEIN (TCTP) is known to play an essential role in organ development. My thesis aims at specifying the pathway leading TCTP to control cell cycle progression in Arabidopsis thaliana. CSN4, a sub-unit of the CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENESIS 9 SIGNALOSOME (CSN) , was identified as a TCTP interactor. CSN regulates the activity, the assembling and the stability of CULLIN-RING UBIQUITIN LIGASES (CRLs), a major class of E3-ubiquitine ligases. Hence, CRLs are implicated in protein degradation through the ubiquitin/proteasome system and more notably in the degradation of key cell cycle regulators. Firstly, I characterized the physical interaction between TCTP and CSN4. I demonstrated that this interaction takes place outside of the CSN holocomplex. Then, I showed that csn4 mutants are delayed during embryogenesis in similar way to tctp mutants, even if the delay remains less important. Finally, I highlighted defaults in the expression levels of several key cell cycle regulators in those mutants. The defects are limited to regulators of the G1/S transition in tctp mutants whereas they are much more diverse in csn4 mutants. I also led a global proteomic study showing an enrichment in proteins linked to translation in both proteins upregulated in tctp mutants and down-regulated in csn4 mutants. My PhD work enriches the current level of knowledge on how TCTP regulates the cell cycle's G1/S transition in association with CSN4 . It opens new questions and perspectives on the implication of key cell cycle regulators such as CYCD6;1, CYCD7;1 and KRP6 and on the link between this pathway and the regulation of protein translation