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1
Bengtsson, Sebastian, e Kristoffer Nilsson. "EBH - Easy Battery Handling". Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Business and Engineering (SET), 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-1689.
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The project Easy Battery Handling - EBH has been carried out in our auspicial and completed
for Devantini Corporation, a development company in Halmstad with its main concern in
environmental friendly innovations.
EBH has solved one of many technical challenges in one of Devantini corporation’s larger
projects. This main project involves the development of an electric powered formula racing
car. The part of this car that involved EBH was the battery handling to guarantee safe and
quick battery exchanges during pit-stops.
The solution became an entire battery module, hanging on the side of the car on two spears
pointing out from the car. The batteries are exchanged by a specially designed trolley that is
inserted under the battery module. To secure the batteries whilst driving they are also secured
with a locking device that is quick and simple to unlock when it is time to exchange the
batteries.
The project resulted in a battery handling system that in comparison to already existing
solutions reduce the burden on the mechanics and performs an exchange of batteries in less
than half the time.
2
Reineman, Samuel (Samuel Thomas). "Design and analysis of a battery for a formula electric car". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83741.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 41).
The purpose of this paper is to present the philosophy and methodology behind the design of the battery pack for MITs 2013 Formula SAE Electric racecar. Functional requirements are established for the pack. An overview of cell chemistry, pack size and configuration selection process to meet these requirements is given. Next, the mechanical and electrical design and analysis of the major pack components is discussed. Finally, a transient thermal model of the pack is established to guide design choices about cooling.
by Samuel Reineman.
S.B.
3
Falcomer, Carlo <1993>. "Big data analytics for proactive and predictive maintenance in electric car battery packs". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/10183/1/TesiDottorato.pdf.
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The idea behind the project is to develop a methodology for analyzing and developing techniques for the diagnosis and the prediction of the state of charge and health of lithium-ion batteries for automotive applications.
For lithium-ion batteries, residual functionality is measured in terms of state of health; however, this value cannot be directly associated with a measurable value, so it must be estimated. The development of the algorithms is based on the identification of the causes of battery degradation, in order to model and predict the trend. Therefore, models have been developed that are able to predict the electrical, thermal and aging behavior.
In addition to the model, it was necessary to develop algorithms capable of monitoring the state of the battery, online and offline. This was possible with the use of algorithms based on Kalman filters, which allow the estimation of the system status in real time. Through machine learning algorithms, which allow offline analysis of battery deterioration using a statistical approach, it is possible to analyze information from the entire fleet of vehicles. Both systems work in synergy in order to achieve the best performance.
Validation was performed with laboratory tests on different batteries and under different conditions. The development of the model allowed to reduce the time of the experimental tests. Some specific phenomena were tested in the laboratory, and the other cases were artificially generated.L'idea alla base del progetto è stata quella di sviluppare una metodologia di analisi e di sviluppo di tecniche per la diagnosi e la previsione dello stato di carica e di salute delle batterie agli ioni di litio per applicazioni automobilistiche. Per le batterie agli ioni di litio, la funzionalità residua è misurata in termini di stato di salute, tuttavia questo valore non può essere direttamente associato ad un valore misurabile, di conseguenza è necessario stimarlo. Lo sviluppo degli algoritmi è basato sull'identificazione delle cause di degrado delle batterie, al fine di modellarne e prevederne il comportamento. Sono stati dunque sviluppati modelli in grado di prevedere il comportamento elettrico e termico, e di invecchiamento della batteria. Oltre al modello, è stato necessario sviluppare algoritmi in grado di monitorare lo stato della batteria, online e offline, questo è stato possibile con l'utilizzo di algoritmi basati su filtri di Kalman, che permettono la stima dello stato del sistema in tempo reale. Attraverso algoritmi di machine learning, che consentono di analizzare offline il deterioramento della batteria con un approccio statistico, è possibile analizzare le informazioni dell'intera flotta di veicoli. Entrambi i sistemi lavorano in sinergia al fine di ottenere le migliori prestazioni. La validazione è stata eseguita con test di laboratorio su diverse batterie e in diverse condizioni. Lo sviluppo del modello ha permesso di ridurre il tempo delle prove sperimentali. Alcuni fenomeni specifici sono stati testati in laboratorio, e gli altri casi sono stati generati artificialmente.
4
Kloeblen, Arne. "Construction and integration of a battery pack and management system into a solar car". Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018654.
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In today’s world, we have reached the point where conventional energy forms are inevitably running out. At the same time, the technology for alternative energy harnessing is improving with big steps, especially with society rethinking their high consumption of finite energy and material. This opens the opportunity und increases acceptance for projects and research to prove its actual implementation and to push the boundaries of current technology further.One particular area of application is the automotive sector showcasing raise of costs due to depleting fuel. Solar powered cars are raising interest as it could be a way to complete independence of any resource that has to be produced, mined or in any way transported to the place of consumption. Involvement with the view to enhance their research in this field has become interesting for universities.With solar powered cars, new problems emerge, amongst others the amount of harnessed sun power and the storage to have it available at the point of use. Due to the low energy available, energy storage as light and as efficient as possible is needed. A system is required that allows to be operated independently of its surrounding in a way it is controllable.Lithium-ion based batteries were seen as the most applicable way to execute this, as they give the highest energy density with lower losses than stable, commercially available energy storage mediums.It was decided to design, build and integrate a battery system with its safety circuit into a solar car. After material selection suppliers were searched and contacted. With the successful manufacturing of this system combining different processing methods, partially at university and partially in the industry, the project included a monitoring and management system and protective measures. It was implemented so that neither the limitations of the chemistry and the physical cells nor the vibration occurring while driving the car prevents its proper use. Besides this, communication and dimensions to operate within the car followed, allowing the driver and convoy to access information and control the system.This battery system proved to be practical in street use comparable with that of regular cars and posed as a safe and effective energy supply for an electrically driven car, meeting the given demands.
5
Giunchedi, Matteo. "Prediction of remaining battery discharge time for an autonomous electrical vehicle". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
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The project that is going to be presented by this thesis has been developed at LHP Data
Analytics Solutions, a US company with headquarters in Columbus, Indiana. The work
hereby presented has been carried out at that place and has been concerned with the study
of an NiMH battery, supplying power to an autonomous vehicle. During the first phase,
various monitoring systems have been implemented in order to gather data about battery's
temperature, current and voltage and also the car's acceleration. Next, these data have been
employed to develop prediction models about the remaining discharge time of the battery.
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BERGVALL, JOHAN, e SEBASTIAN JOHANSSON. "Termisk hantering av litium-jon- batterier i elektriska drivsystem". Thesis, KTH, Maskinkonstruktion (Inst.), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-143651.
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The automotive market is currently undergoing a historical change where stricter emission legislations and ever increasing fuel costs have intensified the search for effective alternatives to the conventional internal combustion engine, which has resulted in a substantial trend towards electrification of powertrains. Storage of electrical energy is the fundamental component in this technology where the lithium-ion batteries are currently considered as the most appropriate solution. Lithium-ion batteries, however, as other types of batteries, can only be used efficiently and durably within a specific temperature range.This Master thesis has been carried out in collaboration with Electroengine in Sweden AB, situated in Uppsala, which has an ongoing project regarding development of a modular battery system for electric powertrains. The project is at a stage where an initial prototype has been developed which provides the foundation for this thesis. The study has addressed the battery system performance from a thermal perspective, in order to validate the ability of the system to create a thermally serviceable environment for the lithium-ion battery cells. The work has therefore been focused on verifying whether the existing structure provides sufficient heating and cooling functions. Based on the validation review, the current prototype's performance is presented and suggestions for improvements are submitted.Knowledge in the relevant area has been acquired through an extensive pre study concerning competing temperature management systems, basic thermodynamics, potential pathways for heat transfer and temperature-related characteristics for battery cells. Further, testing was conducted to obtain cell-generated heat power at varying load, state of charge and temperature. Henceforth the test data was used for the creation of simulation models in (COMSOL, 2012) and numerical analysis in (MATLAB, 2011) regarding the battery system's thermal behavior for various operating conditions in order to verify the system's temperature-regulating sustainability and to design the required cooling and heating functions.The conclusion of the study indicates that the existing design possesses acceptable dimensioning of cooling and heating properties. For further development of the battery system's temperature regulatory functions, a number of system improvement measures are necessary. Prioritized improvements are adaptive cooling which is only activated when needed, and cooling through the connecting plates of the battery cells. Implementation of improvement measures will result in an extended lifespan of the battery cells, and higher overall efficiency of the battery system.Fordonsmarknaden genomgår idag en historisk förändring där striktare utsläppslagstiftningar och ständigt ökande bränslekostander har intensifierat sökandet efter effektiva alternativ till den konventionella förbränningsmotorn, vilket medfört en omfattande trend mot elektrifiering av drivlinor. Lagring av elektrisk energi utgör den fundamentala komponenten inom denna teknologi där litium-jon-batterier idag anses som den mest adekvata lösningen. Litium-jon-batterier är dock, såsom andra typer av batterier, temperatursensibla och kan endast brukas effektivt och durabelt inom ett specifikt temperaturområde.Detta examensarbete har genomförts i samarbete med Electroengine in Sweden AB i Uppsala som har ett pågående projekt där ett modulärt batterisystem för elektriska drivlinor utvecklas. Projektet befinner sig i ett stadie där en initial prototyp framtagits vilken utgör fundamentet för ifrågavarande examensarbete. Genomförd studie har behandlat batterisystemets prestanda ur ett termiskt perspektiv med syfte att validera systemets förmåga att skapa en termiskt tjänlig miljö för ingående litium-jon-battericeller. Arbetet har följaktligen fokuserats på att verifiera huruvida den befintliga konstruktionen tillgodoser satisfierande värmnings- och kylningsfunktioner. Utifrån valideringsgranskningen har den befintliga prototypens prestanda presenterats och förbättringsförslag framlagts.Via en omfattande förstudie berörande konkurrerande temperaturhanteringsystem, grundläggande termodynamik, potentiella vägar för värmetransport och battericellernas temperaturrelaterade egenskaper inhämtades en solid kunskapsbas inom berört område. Vidare genomfördes tester för erhållande av cellgenererad värmeeffekt vid varierande last, laddningsstatus och temperatur. Fortsättningsvis brukades testdata för upprättande av simuleringsmodeller i (COMSOL, 2012) och numerisk analys i (MATLAB, 2011) gällande batterisystemets termiska beteende för olika driftförhållanden för att därigenom verifiera systemets temperaturreglerande bärkraftighet och dimensionera erforderlig kylning och värmning.Slutsaten av genomförd studie är att den befintliga konstruktionen innehar godtagbar dimensionering av kyl- respektive värmningsfunktion för tilltänkt applikation. För vidareutveckling av batterisystemets temperaturreglerande funktion återfinns ett flertal systemförbättrande åtgärder där prioriterade förbättringar utgörs av adaptiv kylning som endast aktiveras vid behov och kylning via battericellernas kontaktbleck. Implementering av förbättringsförslag resulterar i förlängd livslängd för battericellerna samt högre total verkningsgrad för batterisystemet.
7
Karlsson, Sten. "What are the value and implications of two-car households for the electric car?" Elsevier, 2017. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A72812.
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The major barriers to a more widespread introduction of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) beyond early adopters are the limited range, charging limitations, and costly batteries. An important question is therefore where these effects can be most effectively mitigated. An optimization model is developed to estimate the potential for BEVs to replace one of the conventional cars in two-car households and to viably contribute to the households’ driving demand. It uses data from 1 to 3 months of simultaneous GPS logging of the movement patterns for both cars in 64 commuting Swedish two-car households in the Gothenburg region.
The results show that, for home charging only, a flexible vehicle use strategy can considerably increase BEV driving and nearly eliminate the unfulfilled driving in the household due to the range and charging limitations with a small battery. The present value of this flexibility is estimated to be on average $6000–$7000 but varies considerably between households. With possible near-future prices for BEVs based on mass production cost estimates, this flexibility makes the total cost of ownership (TCO) for a BEV advantageous in almost all the investigated households compared to a conventional vehicle or a hybrid electric vehicle. Because of the ubiquity of multi-car households in developed economies, these families could be ideal candidates for the initial efforts to enhance BEV adoptions beyond the early adopters. The results of this research can inform the design and marketing of cheaper BEVs with small but enough range and contribute to increased knowledge and awareness of the suitability of BEVs in such households.
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Hyun, Ji Hoon. "State of Health Estimation System for Lead-Acid Car Batteries Through Cranking Voltage Monitoring". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71796.
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The work in this thesis is focused on the development and validation of an automotive battery monitoring system that estimates the health of a lead-acid battery during engine cranking and provides a low state of health (SOH) warning of potential battery failure. A reliable SOH estimation should assist users in preventing a sudden battery failure and planning for battery replacement in a timely manner.
Most commercial battery health estimation systems use the impedance of a battery to estimate the SOH with battery voltage and current; however, using a current sensor increases the installation cost of a system due to parts and labor. The battery SOH estimation method with the battery terminal voltage during engine cranking was previously proposed. The proposed SOH estimation system intends to improve existing methods. The proposed method requires battery voltages and temperature for a reliable SOH estimation. Without the need for a costly current sensor, the proposed SOH monitoring system is cost-effective and useful for automotive applications.
Measurement results presented in this thesis show that the proposed SOH monitoring system is more effective in evaluating the health of a lead-acid battery than existing methods. A low power microcontroller equipped prototype implements the proposed SOH algorithm on a high performance ARM Cortex-M4F based MCU, TM4C123GH6PM. The power dissipation of the final prototype is approximately 144 mW during an active state and 36 mW during a sleep state. With the reliability of the proposed method and low power dissipation of the prototype, the proposed system is suitable for an on-board battery monitoring as there is no on-board warning that estimates the health of a battery in modern cars.Master of Science
9
Spataru, Mihai. "Battery aging diagnosis and prognosis for Hybrid Electrical Vehicles Applications". The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366364019.
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Jakobsson, Niklas, Till Gnann, Patrick Plötz, Frances Sprei e Sten Karlsson. "Are multi-car households better suited for battery electric vehicles? – Driving patterns and economics in Sweden and Germany". Elsevier, 2016. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A73225.
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Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) could reduce CO2 emissions from the transport sector but their limited electric driving range diminishes their utility to users. The effect of the limited driving range can be reduced in multi-car households where users could choose between a BEV and a conventional car for long-distance travel. However, to what extent the driving patterns of different cars in a multi-car household’s suit the characteristics of a BEV needs further analysis. In this paper we analyse the probability of daily driving above a fixed threshold for conventional cars in current Swedish and German car driving data. We find second cars in multi-car households to require less adaptation and to be better suited for BEV adoption compared to first cars in multi-car households as well as to cars in single-car households. Specifically, the share of second cars that could fulfil all their driving is 20 percentage points higher compared to first cars and cars from single-car households. This result is stable against variation of driving range and of the tolerated number of days requiring adaptation. Furthermore, the range needed to cover all driving needs for about 70% of the vehicles is only 220 km for second cars compared to 390 km for the average car. We can further confirm that second cars have higher market viability from a total cost of ownership perspective. Here, the second cars achieve a 10 percentage points higher market share compared to first cars, and to cars in single-car households for Swedish economic conditions, while for Germany the corresponding figure is 2 percentage points. Our results are important for understanding the market viability of current and near-future BEVs.
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Magnusson, Alexander Erik. "Modelling of battery cooling for Formula Student application : 3D Simulation of air cooled lithium-ion battery with COMSOL Multiphysics®, applied on 2016 years KTH Formula Student car “EV12e”". Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-192556.
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Electric and hybrid cars is one of the technologies to reduce the uses of fossil fuel. What is common with an electric car and a hybrid car is the use of battery to store electrical energy. To sustain high performance, long lifetime and to keep high safety in an electric vehicle it’s very important to control the temperature of the battery cells. Therefore it’s important to have a sufficient and well-designed cooling system that can keep the battery cells within recommended temperature range when the car is driving. In this thesis, battery cooling and battery heat generation in the KTH formula student car “EV12e” are simulated and analyzed. The first part is to modulate the heat production that can occur when driving the car at the formula student competition. The second part is analyzing predesigned air-cooling. The “Thévenin Equivalent circuit” was used as battery model with a fixed value of cells internal resistance, the heat was approximated with Joule heating and the internal chemical heating was neglected. By using logged data from last year’s car “EV11e” on Silverstone 2015, a drive cycle could be estimated for EV12e with driving time and by using a parametric study of driving behavior. To simulate the airflow and heat transfer in cooling channels the software “COMSOL Multiphysics®”. Simplified geometric structure of the battery and cooling channels were imported to the software together with parameters specified from the car “EV12e”. This data was then used to simulate the temperature changes in the battery. The result showed that the battery generates 0.8-1.4MJ heating at 500-900W, for driving time of 25 minutes and a specific driving behavior. When driving at 500W output power under outdoor temperature of 30 o C, the maximum temperature of the battery reaches 49 o C at the end of the race. If the driver uses the maximum theoretical power output, the internal heating can come up to 950W after 25 min driving and reaches temperature of 64 o C with the initial and outdoor temperature of 25 o C. The pre-designed air cooling can manage to keep the battery temperature under the maximum allowable battery cell temperature with the outdoor temperature at 25 o C or lower. If the outdoor temperature is higher than 25 o C the driver will have to consider the battery temperature when driving and should avoid quick accelerations.Eldrivna bilar och elhybridbilar är en av de tekniska lösningarna för att minska användandet av fossila bränslen. Gemensamt för el och hybridbilar är att båda använder sig av batterier för att lagra elektrisk energi. För att erhålla bra prestanda, livslängd och säkerhet i ett eldrivet fordon är batteriernas temperatur en mycket avgörande faktor. För att undvika att temperaturen blir allt för hög i battericellerna behövs ett väldesignat kylsystem för att ta hand om värmeutvecklingen som uppstår inuti cellerna när bilen körs. I den här rapporten analyseras luftkylningen och värmeutvecklingen av högspänningsbatteriet i KTH Formulastudent bilen ”EV12e”. Arbetet är uppdelat i två delar: Första delen handlar om att göra en modell för värmeutvecklingen som uppstår i battericellerna vid tävling, andra delen utgörs av CFD med värmeöverföring och analysera om den redan designade luftkylningen är tillräcklig för att undvika överhettning under körning. I modell uppställningen för spillvärme användes Thévenin Equivalent ciruct som batterimodell och majoriteten av spillvärmen antogs komma från Ohm:isk uppvärmning. Genom att utgå från kör data med KTH Formula student bil ”EV11e” som tävlade 2015 på Silverstone kunde en modifierad körcykel för EV12e tas fram utifrån antagande om körtid och förarbeteende. För att simulera luftflöde i kylkanaler, värmeöverföring och batteriets temperatur användes simuleringar med FEM i programmet COMSOL Multiphysics®. I programmet importerades en geometrisk förenklad modell av batteriet till ”EV12e” samt in parametrar med bland annat den beräknade värmeutvecklingen. Resultatet var att batteriet genererar 0,8-1,4M Joule resistiv värme, vilket ger en genomsnittlig uppvärmning av 500-900W om körtiden antas vara 25minuter. Vid en körstill där batteriet genererar 500W spillvärme och en utomhus temperatur av 30o C blir den högsta uppmäta temperaturen 49o C efter körning. Om föraren istället använder maximala kapaciteten av batteriet kan den interna uppvärmningen bli som mest 950W vilket ger en högsta temperatur på 64o C om utomhus temperaturen är 25o C. Slutsatsen är att batteriets kylsystem klarar av att hantera värmeutveckling i batteriet för en utomhus temperaturen är som mest 25o C, om utomhustemperaturen är högre behöver förare anpassa sin körstill för att inte riskera att batterierna blir varmare än den maximala temperaturen på 65o C.
12
List, Jaroslav. "Bateriový box pro elektromobil". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-417532.
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Thesis deals with the design of a battery box with lithium-ion technology, for the largest possible driving range of the BUT SuperEL II electric car. Based on the analysis of the electric vehicle available space and the parameters of the electronic system, the maximum size of the entire set of 84s130p batteries was designed. 18650 cells with NMC technology were selected due to the very high gravimetric and volumetric density, which reaches 274 Wh/kg and 564 kWh/m3. The total nominal capacity of the designed battery boxes in the electric car is 138 kWh. The total gravimetric energy density of the designed box is 215.6 Wh/kg. It allows the electric car to reach the theoretical range with a consumption of 14 kWh/100 km of almost 1000 km. The individual battery modules of the battery box are controlled for optimal operating conditions by means of a BMS. The whole set is divided into 5 battery boxes. These boxes are manufactured using the technology of bent welded sheets from aluminum alloy EN AW 1050A and steel 1.4301. FEM analyzes were performed to verify the mechanical strength of the designed structure. The work also deals with the design of battery modules and their connection.
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Prayaga, Krishna Venkatesh. "ANALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS IN A SOLAR CAR WITH APPLICATIONS TO GATO DEL SOL III-IV". UKnowledge, 2010. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/29.
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Gato del Sol III, was powered by a solar array of 480 Silicon mono-crystalline photovoltaic cells. Maximum Power Point trackers efficiently made use of these cells and tracked the optimal load. The cells were mounted on a fiber glass and foam core composite shell. The shell rides on a lightweight aluminum space frame chassis, which is powered by a 95% efficient brushless DC motor. Gato del Sol IV was the University of Kentucky Solar Car Team’s (UKSCT) entry into the American Solar Car Challenge (ASC) 2010 event. The car makes use of 310 high density lithium-polymer batteries to account for a 5 kWh pack, enough to travel over 75 miles at 40 mph without power generated by the array. An in-house battery protection system and charge balancing system ensure safe and efficient use of the batteries. Various electrical sub-systems on the car communicate among each other via Controller Area Network (CAN). This real time data is then transmitted to an external computer via RF communication for data collection.
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de, Fluiter Travis. "Design of lightweigh electric vehicles". The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2438.
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The design and manufacture of lightweight electric vehicles is becoming increasingly important with the rising cost of petrol, and the effects emissions from petrol powered vehicles are having on our environment. The University of Waikato and HybridAuto's Ultracommuter electric vehicle was designed, manufactured, and tested. The vehicle has been driven over 1800km with only a small reliability issue, indicating that the Ultracommuter was well designed and could potentially be manufactured as a solution to ongoing transportation issues. The use of titanium aluminide components in the automotive industry was researched. While it only has half the density of alloy steel, titanium aluminides have the same strength and stiffness as steel, along with good corrosion resistance, making them suitable as a lightweight replacement for steel components. Automotive applications identified that could benefit from the use of TiAl include brake callipers, brake rotors and electric motor components.
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Матвієнко, В. О., Анатолій Іванович Новгородцев, Анатолий Иванович Новгородцев e Anatolii Ivanovych Novhorodtsev. "Система заряду електромобіля". Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/65539.
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Для вирішення задачі заряду літій-іонної акумуляторної батареї (АКБ), котра установлена у більшості сучасних електромобілів, виникає необхідність побудови конвертора для зміни напруги до необхідного рівня. При низькому заряді АКБ, коли напруга батареї може бути менше, ніж на вході конвертора, схема буде працювати у понижуючому режимі, одночасно з регулятором скважності для підтримки постійної напруги живлення. Як тільки заряд АКБ збільшується, напруга стає вище рівня напруги на вході, застосовується перетворювач у режимі підвищення напруги.
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Liang, Xusheng, Elvis Tanyi e Xin Zou. "Charging electric cars from solar energy". Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för tillämpad signalbehandling, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-11919.
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Before vehicles were heavily relied on coal, fossil fuels and wind for power. Now, they are rapidly being replaced by electric vehicles and or plug-in hybrid electric cars. But these electric cars are still faced with the problem of energy availability because they rely on energy from biomass, hydro power and wind turbines for power generation. The abundance of solar radiation and its use as solar energy as a power source in driving these rapidly increasing electric cars is not only an important decision but also a necessary condition for eradication of environmental pollution. This study presents a model for charging electric cars from solar energy. Little focus on detailed technologies involved from solar energy capture to battery charging but our main focus is how to provide a modified charging parking lot in Karlskrona city-Sweden. With a surface area of 2850m2, we were able to choose 1STH-350-WH as the right PV modules. Based on the latitude of our design area, a computed 71 degrees angle positioning between solar panel and roof so as to maximise the surface area and optimise the solar irradiance gathering. Based on the power output of approximately116kW these PV modules generated, we further analysed and selected SDP 30KW inverter and Monocrystalline Silicon (1SolTech 1STH-350-WH (350W) solar modules. Also we provide different car charging method by choosing the SAE J1772 standard as one of specifications for dedicated vehicle charging and Clipper Creek HSC-40 as our option of charger. With the data of the generating solar energy every day, charging time, consuming power, we can estimate how many cars the system can handle to charge. Moreover, our system provides AC power from AC power network by general socket type F. We finally concluded that, our model for charging of electric car batteries was not only supportive but efficient in terms of extracting solar energy from sunlight to charge electric cars, thus making the region an eco-friendly place.
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Asmar, Christian, e Rade Nikolic. "Barriers and Driving Forces that Affect Potential Adopters of BECs in Sweden : How the Transition to Battery Electric Cars can be Accelerated". Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-296511.
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The transport industry makes up a significant portion of the carbon dioxide emissions and theg reenhouse effect. Although the transition to electric cars is already happening, the transition is not happening fast enough to meet the EU targets. Because of this, our study has the aim to investigate how the transition to electric cars can be accelerated in Sweden. The study has the goal to identify driving forces and barriers to the adoption of electric cars. Our study starts with a literature review used to gather insight into the research area and construct the data collection, which is done using a survey and interviews. Based on the empirical data, identified aspects are presented. The data from the survey and interviews are combined to label each aspect as a driving force or barrier. Multiple driving forces for electric cars were identified. One of them was the driving experience. Another was the low operational cost, which the potential adopters expected to remain low in the future. It was also found that the potential adopters have good faith in the future development of the charging infrastructure. Lastly, the visibility of electric cars in information channels and media was found to be prominent. With these aspects already being considered relatively good for potential adopters in Sweden, the focus should instead be put on the barriers. However, multiple barriers of significance were found. Most of these stem from limited range, slow recharging, and insufficient infrastructure. It was found that the slow charging and low density of fast charging stations made electric cars impractical except for shorter distances. Also, these factors create range anxiety for the drivers. To solve these issues, the government should incentivize the expansion of the fast-charging network. The purchase cost and total cost of the electric car were also found to be barriers. This is mainly due to the cost of the battery, which is significant. One suggestion is to remove the VAT for electric cars, such economic incentives have proven efficient in other places globally and will also be efficient in Sweden.Transportbranschen utgör en betydande del av koldioxidutsläppen och växthuseffekten. Även om övergången till elbilar redan sker, sker inte övergången tillräckligt snabbt för att uppfylla EU:s emissionsmål. På grund av detta syftar vår studie till att undersöka hur övergången till elbilar kan påskyndas i Sverige. Studien har som mål att identifiera drivkrafter och hinder för införandet av elbilar. Vår studie börjar med en litteraturöversikt som används för att samla inblick i forskningsområdet och konstruera datainsamlingen, vilket görs med hjälp av en enkät och intervjuer. Baserat på empiriska data presenteras identifierade aspekter. Uppgifterna från undersökningen och intervjuerna kombineras för att märka varje aspekt som en drivkraft eller barriär. Flera drivkrafter för elbilar identifierades. En av dem var körupplevelsen. En annan var de låga driftskostnaderna, som de potentiella användare antog skulle förbli låga i framtiden. Det konstaterades också att de potentiella användare har god tro på den framtida utvecklingen av laddningsinfrastrukturen. Slutligen visade sig elbilarnas synlighet i informationskanaler och media vara framträdande. Eftersom dessa aspekter redan betraktas som relativt bra för potentiella adopterare i Sverige, bör fokuset istället läggas på hindren. Emellertid hittades flera hinder av betydelse. De flesta av dessa härrör från begränsat räckvidd, långsam laddning och otillräcklig infrastruktur. Det visade sig att den långsamma laddningen och den låga densiteten hos snabbladdningsstationer gjorde elbilar opraktiska förutom vid kortare sträckor. Dessa faktorer skapar också räckviddsångest för förarna. För att lösa dessa frågor bör regeringen uppmuntra utbyggnaden av snabbladdningsnätverket. Elbilens inköpskostnad och totalkostnad visade sig också vara hinder. Detta beror främst på kostnaden för batteriet, vilket är betydande. Ett förslag är att ta bort mervärdesskatten för elbilar, sådana ekonomiska incitament har visat sig vara effektiva på andra globala lägen, vilket kommer också att vara effektiva i Sverige.
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Doucette, Reed. "The Oxford Vehicle Model : a tool for modeling and simulating the powertrains of electric and hybrid electric vehicles". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:cfff8f27-f4a4-4c77-953e-09253aba3aa0.
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This dissertation addresses the challenges of scoping and sizing components and modeling the tank to wheel energy flows in new and rapidly evolving classes of automotive vehicles. It introduces a system of computer models, known as the Oxford Vehicle Model (OVEM), which provide for the novel simulation of the powertrains of electric (EV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). OVEM has a three-level structure that makes a unique contribution to the field of vehicle analysis by enabling a user to proceed from performing scoping and sizing exercises through to accurately simulating the energy flows in powertrains of EVs and HEVs utilizing existing and emerging technologies based on real world data. Level 1 uses simplified models to support initial component scoping and sizing exercises in an analysis environment where uncertainty regarding component specifications is high. Level 2 builds on Level 1 by obtaining more refined component scoping and sizing estimates via the use of component models based on well-understood scientific principles that are product-independent – a crucial feature for obtaining unbiased scoping and sizing estimates. Level 3 employs a high degree of fidelity in that its models impose actual physical limits and are based on data from real technologies. This dissertation concludes with two chapters based on studies published as journal articles that used OVEM to address key issues facing the development of EVs and HEVs. The first study used OVEM to make the novel comparison between high-speed flywheels, batteries, and ultracapacitors on the bases of cost and fuel consumption while functioning as the energy storage systems in an HEV. The second study applied OVEM towards a novel examination of the CO2 emissions from plug-in HEVs (PHEVs) and compares their CO2 emissions to those from similar EVs and ICE-based vehicles.
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Merveillaut, Mathieu. "Modélisation non entière et non linéaire d'un accumulateur lithium-ion en vue de la mise en oeuvre d'observateur pour l'observation de variable interne". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14218/document.
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Avec l’apparition du véhicule électrique, le besoin électrique est en progression constante. La taille des batteries étant contrainte et leurs performances étant limitées, il est devenu indispensable de disposer d’une Gestion de l’Energie Electrique (GEE) performante. Il est donc nécessaire de maitriser l’énergie et la puissance disponibles de l’accumulateur grâce à des estimateurs d’états internes. Ce travail de thèse présente une étude détaillée de la modélisation des accumulateurs lithium-ion à partir de la théorie des électrodes poreuses ainsi que des méthodes de paramétrisation de ces modèles. Sur la base de cette étude, des structures d’observation de l’état de charge d’un accumulateur lithium-ion ont été créées. Ces structures permettent d’estimer l’état de charge de manière fiable tout en prenant en compte des erreurs de mesures des courants et tensions mises en jeuIn electric cars, electrical need increases continuously. Since, the battery size is limited and its performances do not improve any more, it is essential to have a high-performance electrical energy management. It is thus necessary to control the battery resources, in terms of available energy and power, thanks to an ageing-integrated state estimator. This thesis work presents a detailed study of the modeling of the lithium-ion battery thanks to the porous electrodes theory and parameterization methods of these models. Following this study, structures of observation of the SOC of lithium-ion batteries has been made. Those structures allow us to estimate the Soc in a reliable way taking into account of currents and voltages errors involved
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Zdvyhal, Milan. "Design elektrického sportovního automobilu". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229076.
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This diploma thesis deals with the actual problems of sports car. This project solves the basic question of the future ecological cars drive and deals with problems related to ergonomics adherent to this type of car. The work includes a detailed retrieval study of the issue followed by the procedure of designing the car. The conclusion of the thesis deals with the detailed description and an analysis of the concept from several points of view. This thesis is also supplemented by preview of po-sters and multimedia presentation for 3D virtual reality.
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Örvill, Andreas. "Concept for battery change : Mining vehicles". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Industriell teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353983.
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Epiroc Rock Drills AB in Örebro manufactures and develops machinery for the infrastructure required to maintain a fully operational mining industry, such as ventilation, drilling rigs, trucks and loaders etc. In these environmentally conscious times, a large market focus forzero emission machines has begun to emerge. By replacing today'sinternal combustion engines, mining companies can save large sums of money in ventilation costs and fuel while creating a more pleasant working environment in the mines. Due to these rapidly changing needs, Epiroc's machines must also change in design and performance. Epiroc has thus chosen to use interchangeable batteries in their new generation of mining machines. When the battery is discharged, it must be easy to replace with a fullycharged one. From an economic point of view, it is also important that the machine is always in production without any stops, making fast and efficient battery switches desirable. At present, the battery change is usually done with a mono-rail crane down the mine. This has proved to be very difficult and ineffective as the battery is too often jammed into the machine due to the fact that the machine is poorly positioned against the crane. Ceiling heightis also a problem, preferably one should have about 6-7 meters to accomplish a safe lift with the crane, which is not always possible down in a mine. In order to find a more long-term solution to this problem, this degree project took its start. During the course of the process, a number of methods in product development and concept generation have been used to develop different concepts and screen them based on the needs identified at the beginning of the work. The main problem was divided into four sub problems to facilitate conceptgeneration, the most promising sub concepts were visualized using CAD and then put together in different combinations. These combinations were then evaluated against today's solution to easily see what concept should be further developed. This resulted in a concept that consists of a separate platform,which can either be placed on a vehicle or as a stand-alone station. On this platform there are two telescopic arms, one on each side. These arms lifts the three ton heavy battery from the mining machine in an arcuate motion over a charged battery on the platform, placing it in a designated location and then lifts the charged battery into the machine. With this concept, it is also possible to accomplish a safe change with a limited ceiling height of approximately 3.5-4 meters, which is an improvement compared to today's solution.
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Skarin, Johannes, e Anders Nygren. "Omkonstruktion av bockverktyg : Från hydraulisk till elektrisk drivning". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Industriell teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447272.
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A hydraulic bending tool is used in the manufacturing of transformer windings at Hitachi ABB Power Grids. This tool is used to create a pitch between the turns in the winding, a process which demands very strict tolerances during bending. Hitachi/ABB believes that the current tool is quite inconvenient and, in some cases, dangerous to use. This is due to the tool's hydraulic hoses which causes potential risks of tripping and a risk of leaking pressurized hydraulic fluid. A potential solution to this problem was identified to be a redesign of the tool where the hydraulic system is replaced by an electrical system with batteries as the power source. Using interviews, experiments and literature reviews, user and product requirements specifications were formulated. These laid the foundation for the concept generation that followed where concepts were developed for different parts of the tool. These concepts were evaluated and then passed on to a concept combination matrix where different configurations were developed. The configurations were scored in a Pugh matrix which ultimately led to a final concept choice. This concept was then further developed with appropriate calculations and investigations, as well as a complete 3D-CAD modeling. The result was a complete solution that was equipped with batteries, an electro-hydraulic actuator as well as a control system for the stroke of the actuator. Evaluation of the tool’s performance and weight as well as cost calculations were made to compare the new design with the old one. The battery-powered bending tool proved to be a good replacement for the hydraulic bending tool. The weight and price increased slightly compared to the old one, but it was considered that the new tool generally fulfilled the needs and requirements that were presented in the beginning of the study.Vid tillverkning av transformatorlindningar på Hitachi/ABB används ett hydrauliskt bockverktyg. Detta verktyg används för att skapa en stigning mellan varven i lindningen, denna process ställer mycket höga krav på toleransen vid bockningen. Hitachi/ABB anser att verktyget i dagsläget är otympligt och i vissa fall farligt att använda, detta beror på verktygets hydraulslangar som både utgör en snubbelrisk samt en risk för läckande hydraulolja. En potentiell lösning på detta problem identifierades att vara en omkonstruktion av verktyget där hydraulsystemet byts ut mot ett elektriskt system med batterier som kraftkälla. Med hjälp av intervjuer, experiment och litteraturstudier formulerades användar- och produktkravspecifikationer. Dessa lade grunden till den konceptgenerering som följde där koncept togs fram för olika delar i verktyget. Dessa koncept utvärderades och fördes sedan vidare till en konceptkombinationstabell där olika konfigureringar togs fram. Konfigureringarna poängsattes i en Pughmatris vilket slutligen ledde till ett slutgiltigt konceptval. Detta koncept vidareutvecklades sedan med lämpliga beräkningar och undersökningar, samt en komplett 3D-CAD modellering.Resultatet blev en komplett lösning som bestyckades med batterier, ett elektrohydrauliskt ställdon samt ett styrsystem för verktygets slaglängd. Utvärdering av prestanda samt vikt- och kostnadsberäkningar gjordes för att jämföra den nya konstruktionen med den gamla. Det batteridrivna bockverktyget visade sig vara en god ersättare till det hydrauliska bockverktyget. Vikten och priset steg något men det ansågs att verktyget över lag uppfyllde de krav och önskemål som ställts under arbetet.
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Gautam, Himanshu. "The Impact of Customer Battery Storage on the Smart Grids and how Power Tariffs can increase Battery Storages’ penetration percentage". Thesis, KTH, Elektroteknisk teori och konstruktion, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-217829.
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The batterystoragewillplayanimportantroleinfuturesmartdistributiongrids.Atthesame time,thereshouldbeavailabilityofvaryingtariffstructures,fromwhichcustomerscan chooseaccordingtotheirrequirement.Thisresearchthesisfocusesonthestudyofimpact ofbatterystorageinthedistributiongridandhowpowertariffscanhelpincreasethebattery storage’spenetrationpercentage.The researchisdonetoassesstheimpactofbothhomebatteriesandEVsonthedistributiongrid, andhowmuchcantheyincreaseordecreasethedemandintheregion.Alsoapartofthesis isdedicatedtocreatenewpowertariffstructuresforStockholmregionofEllevio,andthenelectricity billsoftheconsumersarecomparedwithexistingtariffsandnewsuggestedtariffs.ForthethesisaresidentialareaofStockholmRoyalSeaport/NorraDjurgårdenstadenischosen.Ellevio iselectricitydistributionresponsibleforthearea.HomebatteriesofPowervaultU.KandTeslaPowerwall2arechosenandforEV,TeslaModelSwith60KWhbatterysizeisselected.One ofthemostinterestingfindingsisthatagroupof480customerswithhomebatterycanbring thepowerdemandduringpeakhoursdownbyupto11%,butontheotherhanda50%penetration ofEVintheareacanincreasedemandatcertainhoursbymorethan250%.Oneofother findingwasthatifcustomersshifttheirchargingpatternofEVbycoupleofhourstheycan increasethedemandinthegrid,emphasizingontheroleofcustomersinfuturedistributionsystems.SuggestedPowertariffsshowanincreaseinmonetaryamountsavedbycustomerifthey optforhomebatteries.Themostamountsavedbythecustomerisincaseofthestrictestpower tariffsuggested,i.e.Powertariffwithcriticaltimecomponentandtimeofusecomponent.This thesiswillbecomeafoundationforfuturestudyofimpactofbatteriesonalargerregionand impactofbatteriesownedbyDSOinthegrid.Italsoopensnewpathwaystostudyvaryingretail contractsforthecustomersandhowcombinationofvaryingretailcontractandpowertariffs canresultinbetterdemandflexibility.Batterilager kommerattspelaenviktigrolliframtidasmartaeldistributionsnät.Sam-tidigt bördetfinnasmöjlighettillvarierandeeltariffstrukturerförelkonsumenter.Dettaexamensarbete fokuserarpåstudieraveffektenavbatterilagringieldistributionsnätetochhureltarifferkanbidratillattökagenomslagetavbatterilager.Studierharävengjortsföratt bedömaeffektenpåeldistributionsnätetavhembatterierochelfordonmedstudieravhurefterfrågan påelinverkas.Specifiktföreslåsnyaeltarifferförettområdedärelräkningarförelkunder jämförsmedexisterandeochföreslagnanyaeltariffer.Arbetet harutförtsisamarbetemellanEllevio,denlokalaeldistributöreniStockholm,ochKTH. FallstudierharutförtsförbostadsområdetNorraDjurgårdsstaden.Vidarehartvåolikatyper avhembatteriervaltsförstudienvilkaärPowervaultrespektiveTeslaPowerwall2.Förstudie avelfordonharTeslaModelSvaltsmed60kWhbatteristorlek.Resultat frånfallstudiernavisarattengruppom480hushållskundermedhembatteri,kanminska totalaefterfråganpåelvidtopplastmedupptill11%.Resultatenvisarattom50%avpersonbilsparkenisammaområdevarelfordonskulleefterfråganavelvidtopplastökamed merän250%.Studiernavisarhurolikaladdningsmönsterförelbilarinverkarpåtotalabelastningen ielnätet.Därmedgesexempelpådencentralarollenelkonsumentenfåridetframtida eldistributionsnätet.Föreslagnaenergitarrifferförelvisarpåmöjlighetentillekonomiskvinst förelkonsumentervilkaanvänderhembatterier.Arbetet liggertillgrundförframtidastudieravinverkanavbatterieristörreområdenochbatteriersomägsaveldistributören.Ettannatområdeförframtidastudierärhurelkon-sumenternas efterfrågeflexibilitetkanökaserhållasgenomvarierandelösningarförelavtalochenergitariffer.
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Singh, Rajput Shivaram. "Increasing efficiency in ECU function development for Battery Management Systems". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-206088.
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In the context of automotive industries today, the focus of ECU function development is always on finding the best possible combinations of control algorithms and parameter. The complex algorithms with broad implementation range requires optimal calibration of ECU parameters to achieve the desired behaviour during the drive cycle of the vehicle. With the growing function complexity of automotive E/E Systems, the traditional approaches of designing the automotive embedded systems are not suitable. In order to overcome the challenge of complexity, many of the leading automotive companies have formed a partnership in order to develop and establish an open industry standard for automotive E/E architecture called AUTOSAR. In this thesis, toolchain for ECU function development following AUTOSAR standard and an efficient measurement and calibration mechanism using XCP on CAN will be investigated and implemented. Two toolchains will be proposed in this thesis, describing their usage in different stages of ECU function development and in calibration. Both these toolchains will be tested to prove its working.I området utveckling av funktionalitet på elektroniska styrsystem inom bilindustrin idag, ligger fokus på att finna den bästa kombinationen av reglermetoder och styrparametrar. Dessa avancerade system, med breda användningsområden, kräver bästa möjliga injustering av dess kalibrerbara parametrar, för att nå önskat beteende vid användning av fordonet. Det ökande omfånget av funktionskraven på styrsystemen, innebär att sedvanlig metodik för utveckling av dessa system inte är lämplig. För att kunna lösa dessa svårigheter, har de stora inom bilindustrin ingått ett samarbete, där de tillsammans skapat och utvecklar en industristandard för funktionsoch systemutveckling av styrsystem. Standarden kallas AUTOSAR. Denna rapport beskriver hur en kedja av utvecklingsverktyg som följer AUTOSAR-standarden kan användas, för att undersöka och använda en metod för systemövervakning och parameterkalibrering, genom användning av XCP över CAN.
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Choi, Seungdon. "Soft chemistry synthesis and structure-property relationships of lithium-ion battery cathodes". Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3025204.
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Diehr, Michael C. "Clinical applications of the Cambridge neuropsychological test automated battery (CANTAB) in HIV disease /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9935472.
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Cai, Zhuang [Verfasser], Dirk Uwe [Akademischer Betreuer] Sauer e Albert [Akademischer Betreuer] Moser. "Optimization of dimension and operation strategy for a wind-battery energy system in German electricity market under consideration of battery ageing process / Zhuang Cai ; Dirk Uwe Sauer, Albert Moser". Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1216508666/34.
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Cai, Zhuang Verfasser], Dirk Uwe [Akademischer Betreuer] [Sauer e Albert [Akademischer Betreuer] Moser. "Optimization of dimension and operation strategy for a wind-battery energy system in German electricity market under consideration of battery ageing process / Zhuang Cai ; Dirk Uwe Sauer, Albert Moser". Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1216508666/34.
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Chebiam, Ramanan Venkata. "Lithium-ion battery cathodes : structural and chemical stabilities of layered cobalt and nickel oxides /". Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008298.
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Miller, Angela Nicole Roberts. "The CaReS Battery: Measuring Stages of Change in Cardiac Rehabilitation through the Development of a Targeted Instrument". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1279478756.
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Balakrishnan, Radhakrishnan, e Shijith Kunneth Kesavan. "CAD TOOLS FOR HYBRID INTEGRATION". Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för tillämpad signalbehandling, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-4800.
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In this thesis, we present a graphical computer-aided design (CAD) environment for the design, analysis and layout of printed electronic batteries in the first phase and the parasitic extraction of the connecting wires in the second phase. The primary motivation of our work is that this prototyping software tool so far does not exist. Our tool has been integrated within the existing CAD tool which allows quick prototyping and simplifies the interface between the system designer and the device manufacturer. This tools supports the schematic and layout entry, rule checking and netlist generation. The first phase of the device synthesis modelling is based on Enfucell printed batteries, by which using the CAD tool, the shape of the battery is optimized and designed to fit the product and is able to simulate the performance during the optimization, whereas the second phase is the parasitic extraction using an extracting tool named fasthenry, which is integrated to our CAD tool to extract unwanted resistance and inductance within the shared wires between the battery and other devices. We believe that the availability of this tool is useful to the CAD community for novel ideas in the circuit design for flexible hybrid electronics.+46764354255, +46722694942
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MASSETTI, GEMMA. "A DIGITAL BATTERY FOR UNILATERAL SPATIAL NEGLECT: HOW NEW TECHNOLOGIES CAN MAKE THE NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL EVALUATION MORE ACCURATE AND SENSITIVE". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/374741.
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La negligenza spaziale unilaterale (NSU) è un disturbo neuropsicologico dovuto a eventi cerebrovascolari (CVA), tumori cerebrali e lesioni cerebrali acquisite. I pazienti con NSU falliscono nell’orientarsi verso, rispondere e riportare eventi sensoriali che si verificano nel lato dello spazio e del corpo controlaterale al lato della lesione (tipicamente, il lato sinistro in pazienti con danno cerebrale destro), e nell’esplorare queste porzioni di spazio. La valutazione della NSU si basa soprattutto sulla valutazione delle prestazioni dei pazienti a test carta-e-matita. Tuttavia, sono ora disponibili evidenze emergenti che le tecnologie che si basano sui computer possano migliorare le procedure diagnostiche. I test computerizzati possono offrire più sensibilità e flessibilità, registrando molte più informazioni (ad es., l’accuratezza e i tempi di reazione simultaneamente). Queste caratteristiche riducono le possibilità di errore umano e permettono misurazioni quantitative e continue nei singoli pazienti, includendo un monitoraggio individuale e sensibile dei cambiamenti prestazionali lungo il corso di ripetute valutazioni.
L’obiettivo principale della presente tesi di dottorato era quello di validare preliminarmente dei test digitali appositamente creati, comparandoli a test carta-e-matita tradizionalmente usati nella pratica clinica per la diagnosi di NSU. Tutti questi test sono stati creati in un ambiente digitale facile da usare e basato sull’utilizzo di uno schermo touch e di una penna digitale, così da simulare il tradizionale atto di scrittura.
All’interno di tre studi, i partecipanti sani e i pazienti con danno cerebrale destro, con e senza NSU, sono stati sottoposti sia ai testi digitali che ai test carta-e-matita. Le analisi dei dati hanno mostrato risultati promettenti, suggerendo che i test digitali potrebbero condurre a una valutazione neuropsicologica più sensibile e precisa, smascherando inoltre casi di neglect residuale.
Infine, i risultati presenti incoraggiano la raccolta di dati normativi per poter adottare i test digitali nella pratica clinica.Unilateral Spatial Neglect (USN) is a neuropsychological disorder due to cerebrovascular accidents (CVA), cerebral tumours and brain injuries. USN patients fail to orient towards, respond to and report sensory events occurring in the side of space and the body contralateral to the side of the lesion (typically the left side in the right-brain-damaged patients), and to explore these portions of space. The assessment of USN has relied mainly on evaluating patients’ performances at paper-and-pencil tests. Nevertheless, emerging evidence that computer-based technologies may improve the assessment procedure is now available. More sensitivity and flexibility may indeed be offered by computerised tests, which typically record much more information (i.e., accuracy and reaction time measures simultaneously). These features reduce the chances of human error and allow for quantitative, continuous measures and even significance levels in single patients, including sensitive individual monitoring of performance changes through repeated assessments. The main aim of the present PhD thesis was to preliminarily validate purposely created digital tests, compared to similar classic paper-and-pencil tests traditionally used in the clinical setting for USN assessment. All these tasks were built up in a user-friendly digital environment based on touch screens and digital pens, simulating the act of filling in a paper-and-pencil set-up with the advantages of the touch system. Within three studies, healthy participants and right-brain-damaged patients with and without USN performed both the digital and the paper-and-pencil versions of tests. Data analyses showed promising results, suggesting that digital tests could lead to a more sensitive and precise neuropsychological evaluation, also unmasking cases of covert USN. Lastly, the present findings encourage the collection of normative data in order to adopt digital tests in clinical practice.
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Mancuso, Martin. "Grid-connected micro-grid operational strategy evaluation : Investigation of how microgrid load configurations, battery energy storage system type and control can support system specification". Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-40019.
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Operational performance of grid-connected microgrid with integrated solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity production and battery energy storage (BES) is investigated. These distributed energy resources (DERs) have the potential to reduce conventionally produced electrical power and contribute to reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. This investigation is based upon the DER’s techno-economic specifications and theoretical performance, consumer load data and electrical utility retail and distribution data. Available literature provides the basis for DER specification and performance. Actual consumer load profile data is available for residential and commercial consumer sector customers. The electrical utility data is obtained from Mälarenergi, AB. The aim is to investigate how to use simulations to specify a grid connected microgrid with DERs (PV production and a BES system) for two consumer sectors considering a range of objectives. An open-source, MATLAB-based simulation tool called Opti-CE has successfully been utilized. This package employs a genetic algorithm for multi-objective optimization. To support attainment of one of the objectives, peak shaving of the consumer load, a battery operational strategy algorithm has been developed for the simulation. With respect to balancing peak shaving and self-consumption one of the simulations supports specification of a commercial sector application with 117 kWp PV power rating paired with a lithium ion battery with 41.1 kWh capacity. The simulation of this system predicts the possibility to shave the customer load profile peaks for the month of April by 20%. The corresponding self-consumption ratio is 88%. Differences in the relationship between the load profiles and the system performance have been qualitatively noted. Furthermore, simulation results for lead-acid, lithium-ion and vanadium-redox flow battery systems are compared to reveal that lithium ion delivers the best balance between total annualized cost and peak shaving performance for both residential and commercial applications.
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Slaběňák, Patrik. "Analýza elektrických a hybridních vozidel". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219171.
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Nowadays, oil resources start to decrease, therefore it is necessary to think about alternative sources of energy. The result of this semester project is a basic overview of the current development of electric and hybrid cars, with potential application in normal operation and the proximity of their main characteristics, such as mileage, price and service when traveling. The energy required to operate the electric stored in batteries are recharged using the power stations, which is also devoted part of the work. The thesis focuses on the design and calculation of power consumption for a defined route of four-wheel electric wheelchair. The conclusion of the thesis deals with the future development of hybrid and electric vehicles, and with the expected trends in the field of power electronics and motors and with the propagation of hybrid vehicles to the customers.
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Moos, Anbrenthia. "A qualitative feasability study to evaluate the use of a screening tool to detect neurocognitive deficits among perinatally HIV-infected children by primary health care workers". University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8069.
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Magister Public Health - MPHDespite the effectiveness and scale-up of antiretroviral treatment (ART), HIV-Associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) still persist. Currently no gold standard tool exists to detect all forms of HAND, including major and minor cognitive impairments. In light of this, a newly developed screening tool was conceptualised, namely the Quick Paediatric Neurocognitive Screening tool (QPNST). The QPNST has been developed to detect HAND in perinatally HIV-infected children aged 5-10 years.
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Iorio, Cristina. "Detecting and referring battered women : an emergency department case study". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0024/MQ50699.pdf.
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Kistenmacher, Barbara Rachel. "Motivational interviewing as a mechanism for change in men who batter : a randomized controlled trial /". view abstract or download file of text, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p9987427.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2000.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-88). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Bell, Holly. "The impact of counseling battered women on the mental health of counselors /". Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Franklin, Linda L. "Eligibility for learning disabilities : a comparison of the Woodcock-Johnson revised achievement test and the Wechsler individual achievement test /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9988659.
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Burzio, Giorgia. "Rocks in Vogue : on material flows within electronic devices". Thesis, Konstfack, Institutionen för design, inredningsarkitektur och visuell kommunikation (DIV), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-7833.
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Landscapes have been exploited and polluted by humans in order to obtain metals. Materials are treated as commodities: extracted, used inside our devices and appliances, then discarded as useless matter. The timespan of efficiency is shortened more and more due to obsolescence, material desire and constant innovation. That’s a paradoxical perspective compared to the deep time those metals embody, born in the outer space from star collision and arriving to Earth as meteors, 4 billion years ago. Rocks in vogue is an exploration on the material flows within the electronic devices production and their disposal. Very often the connection between consumers and source is invisible and well-masked behind the slick surfaces of our laptops and smartphones. Through the disassembling of old broken devices, the metals found inside represent values, stories and resistance. The material’s agency is expressed through low-power ceramic batteries; the elementary reaction moving from copper to iron represents a narrative of slow processes, material exhaustion and care. The batteries move from being something that supports our technological desires to statement objects that make things speak.
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Edwards, Valerie Joan. "The risk of sexual assault and mental health problems in adult daughters of battered women /". Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Cutshaw, Laura M. (Laura Marie). "Assessment of Functional Communication Skills in Institutionalized and Non-Institutionalized Elderly Subjects Using the Spontaneous Speech and Auditory Comprehension Subtests of the Western Aphasia Battery". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1990. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500560/.
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The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a difference in functional communication skills between elderly persons in nursing homes and those living independently in the community. Thirty non-institutionalized elderly subjects were given the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) screening tool. These scores were compared to WAB screening scores obtained from 20 institutionalized subjects. The difference between these scores was statistically significant. The institutionalized subjects' scores were also correlated with a Facilitators Evaluation of Communication Skills (FECS) inventory. Results showed a moderate correlation between the institutionalized subjects' WAB screening score and their FECS rating. The benefits of a screening tool for elderly populations are discussed.
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Svoboda, Luboš. "Vývoj ostrovního fotovoltaického systému". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219281.
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The project considers realization system, which will allow us to test six different operation modes on lifetime accumulators. The system will link to computer, which will execute measurement current and tension and switch betwencharging and discharging modes. The measured values will record in someone time intervals in to computer memory. After someone time will analise these measured valuer and will provide optional operation mode.
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Lahmani, Fatine. "Conception et optimisation de circuits électroniques communicants pour une intégration au format carte bancaire : application à une serrure de vélo à assistance électrique". Phd thesis, Université de Cergy Pontoise, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01023711.
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Depuis son apparition dans les années 70, les cartes à puce ont envahi le marché mondial, leur utilisation n'a cessé d'augmenter et de se diversifier. Sans forcément nous en rendre compte, chacun de nous en a plusieurs dans son portefeuille, son sac, son attaché-case... Toutes ces cartes ont pour point commun le fait de contenir des informations sur son titulaire qui servent à son identification dans les différentes actions qu'il souhaite effectuer. Ces informations sont présentes sur la piste magnétique et/ou la puce embarquée dans la carte. Avec les progrès technologiques actuels et plus précisément la miniaturisation des composants électroniques, nous sommes de plus en plus amenés à voir des composants complexes embarqués dans des cartes à puce pour satisfaire des besoins en ressources plus grands pour des applications de plus en plus sophistiquées. L'utilisation croissante du nombre des systèmes embarqués sur une carte à puce amène à prendre en compte différentes contraintes lors de la conception. Tout d'abord, il y a celles liées aux systèmes embarqués standards, telles que la surface, la consommation et la rapidité d'exécution. Ensuite viennent celles liées à la carte à puce en elle-même, des spécificités liées à l'épaisseur et aux contraintes mécaniques. On retrouve également des contraintes de consommation et de surface. L'apparition du sans-contact a révolutionné le domaine de la carte à puce. Plus besoin d'introduire la carte dans un lecteur pour lire les informations. Les données ne transitent plus par la puce mais via l'air grâce à une antenne intégrée. Il suffit de se trouver à proximité du lecteur sans forcément sortir la carte de poche ou du sac. Elles sont connues sous le nom de cartes RFID pour Radio Frequency Identification ou identifiction par radio fréquence. D'autres contraintes de conception sont alors apparues : choix de la fréquence à laquelle va se faire la communication et l'échange des données, la géométrie de l'antenne, le choix du tag... Tous les composants ont besoin d'une source d'alimentation. Les circuits RFID basiques dits passifs puisent leur énergie dans le champ magnétique produit à proximité du lecteur mais la complexité de certains circuits nécessite la présence d'une source d'alimentation intégrée dans la carte, dans ce cas les circuits sont désignés par actifs. En général, ce sont des batteries fines et flexibles qui sont utilisées. Là aussi, la technologie a fait d'immenses progrès et des batteries plus fines et avec de plus grandes capacités voient le jour. Ce sont ces batteries qui viennent alimenter les composants de la carte. Tous ces éléments constituent un véritable circuit électronique.Cette thèse industrielle a pour but dans un premier temps de concevoir un circuit électronique embarqué dans une carte au format bancaire en répondant à un cahier des charges bien défini tout en prenant en compte les différentes contraintes imposées par ce format. Ce circuit se devra d'être flexible, autonome et consommant le moins d'énergie possible. Dans un deuxième temps, une fois le produit réalisé et validé le but est de l'optimiser en proposant des solutions afin de faire gagner du temps en amont de la conception par exemple ou en proposant des modèles simples mais qui prennent en compte toutes les contraintes liées à ce type d'applications.
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Szabó, Michal. "Vývojový prostředek pro lokalizaci". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-442522.
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This document describes a device capable to determine geographical position thanks to its GNSS module and measure the change of movement with the help of an accelerometer and gyroscope. Outputs of these integrated circuits are combined, data are processed and fused thanks to a numerical integration and mathematical filters. Results are stored on a memory card. The whole development is described from a concept, through the making of the device and software algorithms to the testing of its functions.
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Grupp, Elizabeth A. "Violence against women : effects on health status and inquiry preferences /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1996. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1383587.
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Aureala, Willow. "Battered women in shelters a comparative analysis of the expectations and experiences of African American, Mexican American and non-Hispanic white women /". Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3035935.
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Fors, Nicole, e Sofia Hall. "Våldsutsatta kvinnors upplevelser av vad som kännetecknar en god vårdrelation : En litteraturstudie". Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för Hälsa och Samhälle, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-8357.
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Bakgrund: Cirka 70 % av alla kvinnor i världen har någon gång blivit utsatta för våld. Forskning visade att det fanns en rädsla hos vårdpersonalen för att ta upp problemet med kvinnorna. Vårdpersonal har ett ansvar när det gäller att upptäcka och identifiera våldet som kvinnan upplevt. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa fysiskt våldsutsatta kvinnors upplevelser av vad som kännetecknar en god vårdrelation. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en allmän litteraturstudie, detta med hjälp av 11 vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultat: Huvudfynden var en bekräftande dialog, en förtroende och tillitskapande relation och ett professionellt bemötande. Slutsats: Vårdpersonal bör visa respekt för de våldsutsatta kvinnorna och även vara goda lyssnare. Kroppsspråket kan visa om en person verkligen tycker det den säger. Som vårdpersonal är det därför viktigt att tänka ut vart man själv står i frågan om våldsproblemet, så att man kan lägga det åt sidan och ge sin patient den optimala vård som behövs. Varje möte med en patient ger möjlighet att lära känna denne bättre, på så vis kan individuell omvårdnad ges.Background: About 70% of all women in the world have sometimes been the victims of violence. Research has shown that health professionals are afraid of asking about the violence. Health professionals have a responsibility when it comes to detecting and identifying violence against the women. Aim: The aim of this study was to illustrate physically battered women's experiences of what characterizes a good health care relationship. Method: The study was conducted as a general literature review, this with the help of 11 scientific articles. Result: The main findings were a confirmation dialog, a confidence and trust-building relationship and a professional approach. Conclusion: Clinicians should show respect for battered women and also be good listeners. Body language can show if a person really mean what he/she says. As health professionals, it is important to figure out where you self stands on the issue of violence, so you can put it aside and give the patient the optimal care that is needed. Every meeting with a patient creates an opportunity to get to know her better. In this way an individual care can be given.
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Sylle, Therese. "Sjuksköterskors strategier i mötet med brottsoffer : den misshandlade kvinnan inom psykiatrin". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för medicin och hälsa, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-129082.
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Bakgrund: En av tre kvinnor i europeiska Unionen (EU) har upplevt psykisk misshandel av en partner. sjuksköterskan kan ställas inför flera olika etiska dilemman om våld-i-nära relations-problematik kommer fram i mötet med en misshandlad patient. Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskors strategier och handlingsberedskap i mötet med den misshandlade kvinnan i den psykiatriska vården. Metod: En kvalitativ studie med semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes och analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys med en manifest ansats. Resultat: Åtta sjuksköterskor inom psykiatrin mellan 26-67 år deltog i studien. Självutveckling, tillit, och debriefing var viktiga strategier i mötet med den våld-i-nära-relationsutsatta kvinnan. Självutveckling handlade om behovet av temadagar och vikten av självinsikt. Tillit handlade om att vara närvarande, miljöns och timingens betydelse, samt att våga fråga om våld-i-nära-relation. Debriefing handlade om hur sjuksköterskan hanterade och gick vidare med svaren, och om betydelsen av kollegialt samarbete och egenterapi. Konklusion: Sjuksköterskor använder sig av flera strategier i mötet med den våldsutsatta kvinnan inom psykiatrin, men uttrycker ett behov av vidareutbildning, alltifrån temadagar till längre utbildningar.
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Erwall, Astrid, e Johanna Ferm. "Omhändertagande av våldsutsatta kvinnor och deras erfarenheter av bemötande från vårdpersonal : En litteraturstudie". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-444118.
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Bakgrund: Runt 30 procent av alla kvinnor som någon gång varit i en relation har utsatts för våld. Våld är ett samhällsproblem som växer globalt sett och kan bidra till bristande hälsa och minskat välmående hos kvinnan. Syfte: Få en djupare förståelse kring hur omhändertagandet av våldsutsatta kvinnor ser ut inom vården samt kvinnors upplevelser av vårdpersonalens bemötande efter att ha berättat om våldet. Metod: En litteraturstudie med systematisk sökning och innehållsanalys av kvalitativa studier. Resultat: Två huvudkategorier identifierades: Omhändertagande och Kvinnors erfarenheter med två respektive tre underkategorier. Åtgärder består till största del av att remittera kvinnan vidare till andra instanser. Det finns en stor brist på utbildning och kunskap hos vårdpersonal i att bemöta och ge ett adekvat omhändertagande av våldsutsatta kvinnor. Kvinnors erfarenheter av bemötande varierar stort. En del uppger att de blivit bemötta med empati, blivit tagna på allvar och tilläts prata om våldet medan andra blivit skuldbelagda, dömda och förminskade. Barriärer som motsätter att kvinnorna berättar om våld kan vara brist på tillit, rädsla för att bli skuldbelagda och dömd, att våldsutövaren ständigt närvarar samt ekonomiska hinder. Slutsats: Det finns behov av ytterligare forskning kring omvårdnadspersonalens befintliga utbildning samt kvinnors behov vid bemötande.Background: About 30 percent of all women who have ever been in a relationship have been subjected to violence. Violence is a societal problem that is growing globally and can contribute to poor health and reduced well-being in women. Aim: The aim of this literature review was to gain a deeper understanding of how women are treated in the health care services, and the experiences women have with health care personnel after the disclosure of violence. Method: A literature search was conducted alongside content analysis of qualitative research. Results: Two main themes were found: Care and Women’s experiences’, two respectively three subcategories. Action mainly consists of referring the women on to other agencies. There is a great lack of training and knowledge among healthcare professionals in responding to and providing adequate care for abused women. Women’s experiences of treatment vary highly. Some state that they’ve been treated with empathy, been taken seriously and allowed to talk about the violence, whilst others have been blamed, judged and reduced. Barriers that prevent women from disclosing about violence can be lack of trust, fear of being blamed and judged, the perpetrator may be constantly present or financial obstacles. Conclusion: There is a need for further research on the existing training of nursing staff and the needs of women in treatment.