Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Capteur de déformation"
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Merdassi, Adel. "Développement d'un capteur de déformation MEMS sans fil". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1628.
Texto completo da fonteVilain, Romain. "Conception et essai d'un capteur de déformation dans la glace". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26607/26607.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteGuyard, Romain. "Capteur à fibre optique pour la mesure de déformation au sein des matériaux". Nantes, 2015. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=6e451d89-fed7-4980-a018-fbdae1b0090c.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of this thesis is the design of a new fiber optic sensor for the strain measurement inside materials. Fiber Bragg grating strain sensors are usually glued on the surface of the monitored structure. Their use like embedded strain sensor may be unadapted. Indeed, in these circumstances, a mechanical coupling between the sensor and the host material changes the transverse strain of the fiber. The transverse strain becomes unknown. Consequently, the only measurement of the Bragg wavelength shift is not enough to estimate both axial and transverse strains. In order to decorrelate these strains, we propose a sensor architecture based on the juxtaposition of a Bragg grating (FBG) and of a long period grating (LPG). The thesis work consist in finding the optimal architecture so that the sensor response to strain is linear and the measurement resolution is identical to the resolution of usual fiber optic sensors. During the sensor design, some usual results on LPG have been studied again. Some original optical properties of cladding modes have been revealed. It has been shown that the shape of these modes changes significantly with the cladding radius of the fiber and that there are critical cladding radii for which some modes have the same transverse intensity distribution. A statistical study has been carried out on the strain sensitivities of LPG. General behaviors of LPG strain sensors have been highlighted. Especially, the crosssensitivities can be neglected and the sensitivities are mainly influenced by the period of grating and the cladding radius of the fiber. When the sensor is embedded inside the material, it may be bent. The bending effects on the gratings responses have been studied using the finite element as well as the semi analytical methods. It has been shown that the bending sensitivity of FBG depends on a balance mechanism between the effective refractive index change and the coupling coefficient change of the coupled modes and that the average index variation of the grating plays a key role in the amplitude and the sign of this sensitivity. A similar mechanism has been highlighted for LPG
Mengue, M'Owono Prince Warel. "Capteurs à ondes élastiques de déformation, température et champ magnétique directement intégrés sur pièces métalliques : applications en surveillance de santé des structures". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0085.
Texto completo da fonteStructural integrity research, also called structural health monitoring (SHM), enables the implementation of a damage detection strategy for aerospace, civil, and mechanical infrastructures. These systems typically consist of a network of smart sensors that enable the collection of data across the entire structure. In addition, the increasing use of connected objects (IoT) in the market is making these systems more and more attractive. Therefore, it is important to develop sensors that are responsive to the external environment, have innovative features, and enable continuous monitoring of the structure. Surface acoustic wave devices have a wide range of innovative properties. Their sensitivity to external disturbances allows continuous measurement of the various measurands (temperature, pressure, deformation, etc.). Moreover, these devices can be passive (without battery), remotely interrogatable (wireless) and self-protected (without packaging). The implementation of conventional SAW sensors is usually on piezoelectric materials, which involves the use of adhesive to attach the sensor to the part under test. The adhesive leads to the need to perform a certain number of complex techniques, in addition to a calibration of the structure to be fixed before any type of measurement. This first leads to measurement errors caused by the relaxation of the adhesive in inhospitable and variable environments. In a second step, a delay is caused in the measurement of the deformation stresses, which varies according to the thickness and environment of the measurements. In a third step, sensor lift-off is often very rare. Therefore, the aim of this work is to develop sensors that combine SAW devices with the structural health monitoring system for the measurement of deformation, temperature and magnetic field integrated directly on industrial metal parts
Poussier, Sylvain. "Contribution à la conception d'un capteur intelligent de déformation à base de systèmes programmables sur puce et de jauges de contraintes". Nancy 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NAN10247.
Texto completo da fonteThe thesis is about a universal strain measurement system for embedded application. First chapter provides a general presentation of the extensometry methodologies and the strain gage sensors. Classical thermal compensation limitations are proven and the necessity of self-adaptation of the treatment to the sensor and his environment is set out. The hardware and software architecture is discussed and a study of CODESIGN methodology is exposed. Demonstrator prototype is detailed. Several processes for self-adaptation are enounced and evaluated. Finally, we expound the second version of the prototype and we give our perspective like uses of neural network or blind source separation
Aubert, Sébastien. "Étude d’un résonateur phononique à onde de surface pour des applications de capteurs de température et de déformation". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCD008.
Texto completo da fonteSurface acoustic wave resonators can be used as sensors for temperature and strain monitoring. The idea is to take advantage of the variation in frequency of the resonators that depends on the measured quantity. Currently, the technology used, based on Bragg mirrors, shows its limits in terms of performance at high frequencies (above 1 GHz).The aim of this PhD thesis work was to study the potential and performance of a new technology based on the use of phononic crystals. This technology refers to periodically arranged materials, acting on acoustic waves’ propagation. Phononic crystals represent an alternative to classical Bragg mirror technology, allowing an omnidirectional spatial confinement and an additional degree of freedom for optimization.A square lattice pillar based phononic crystal was theoretically and experimentally investigated. Based on the combination of Bragg scattering and local resonances, we were able to create acoustic band gaps that could be exploited. The operating frequency considered was about 450 MHz, using nickel electroplating to fabricate pillars. In this frequency range, we demonstrated the presence of acoustic band gaps using wide band electrical characterization. A phononic resonator was designed, fabricated and characterized by electrical and optical methods. A quality factor of about 950 was obtained, with total reflection of acoustic wave reached within less than ten periods. Comparison of measurements and simulations allowed us to explain the acoustic phenomena involved
Triollet, Sébastien. "Développement d’un capteur à fibre optique à base de réseaux de Bragg superposés de courtes et de longues périodes : application à la mesure discriminée de température et de déformation". Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STET4018/document.
Texto completo da fonte[Optical Fibre Sensors present some interesting qualities when considering its size and weight relatively light, which lead to a low intrusivity of the sensor in a material (a composite structure). These sensors are insensitive to electromagnetic phenomenon, stable and long lasting with time, but sensitive to several solicitations such as temperature, strain and pressure hence a real need of discrimination. Among these sensors, we may discern the Bragg gratings: the Long Period Grating one (LPG) and the Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) one. This thesis work reports the development of an optical fibre sensor based on two superimposed Bragg gratings: LPG and FBG for measuring and discriminating temperature and strain. Several studies are reported in literature without getting a real condition use. That's why we propose a parameter E, which stand for the discrimination efficiency leading to a possible comparison of the existing techniques and highlight the quite good potential of superimposed Bragg gratings. The settings of such a structure are given in this thesis report and consist in writing LPG first, then FBG over the entire length of the LPG, which also gives multiplexing possibilities. Strain and temperature calibration steps give sensitivities errors of 2% for temperature and 3% for strain, which lead to estimated errors on measured strain and temperature of 0.3°C and 3 microstrain respectively. In an application point of view, the sensor has been used for the instrumentation of a metallic structure subjected to a variation of temperature and strain applied simultaneously. The results exhibit a maximum error of 0.4°C and 3me for temperature and strain respectively, which is a good validation of the sensor for structural control and monitoring purpose. The second studied application is about instrumentation of glass/epoxy composite specimen for monitoring manufacturing processes: VARTM (Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Moulding) and LRI (Liquid Resin Infusion), for which temperature and strain have been monitored with the superimposed Bragg gratings based sensor. Dielectric analyses have also been performed during those processes in order to compare and validate our results]
Pedro, Luc Sèdji. "De l'étude du comportement mécanique de sols hétérogènes modèles à son application au cas des sols naturels". Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001295.
Texto completo da fonteTriollet, Sébastien. "Développement d'un capteur à fibre optique à base de réseaux de Bragg superposés de courtes et de longues périodes : application à la mesure discriminée de température et de déformation". Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00688229.
Texto completo da fonteDupont, James. "Comportements de Capteurs à Fibres Optiques, noyés ou fixés en surface d'ouvrages en béton". Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001971.
Texto completo da fonteKechiche, Mohamed Bouraoui. "Etude et développement de capteurs / effecteurs filamentaires de faibles diamètres intégrables dans des structures textiles". Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00844135.
Texto completo da fonteBoitrelle, Benjamin. "Development of a double-sided ladder for tracking in high-energy physics". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAE033/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe PLUME project develops ultra-light pixelated layers with specifications driven by the design of a vertex detector at the future e+e- International Linear Collider (ILC). The ILC will give access to final states like Hνν, as this work demonstrates for centre-of-mass energy 350GeV and a luminosity of 250 fb-1. PLUME devices exploit the concept of double-sided ladder spaved with thinned CMOS pixel sensors in order to reach a material budget of 0.35 % of radiation length. The present study validated that simultaneous operation of the 12 CMOS sensors integrated on such light ladders do not impact their electrical behaviour. Surface deformations were observed but a specific algorithm during the off- line analysis was proposed and successfully tested to preserve the native sensor spatial resolution. Finally, a measurement of the material budget of a less advanced ladder prototype has been performedat DESY test beam and yield 0.47±0.02 % of radiation length, matching the expected value
Rafael, Rémi. "Étude des propriétés piézorésistives de jonctions tunnel MIM pour la réalisation de jauges de déformations". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI105/document.
Texto completo da fonteNew applications are emerging with de development of flexible electronic like flexible touch panels and wearable movement sensors. The well mastered silicon technologies are ill adapted to these uses (low maximal elongation, high fabrication temperatures). In this context, it is necessary to develop new types of strain gauges. Numerous possibilities have been studied that can be divided in two main categories: nanosomic transducers and composite transducers. In this work, we study the possibility to use a MIM (Metal Insulator Metal) tunnel junction as strain gauge. This kind of structure is very unusual in the literature were the only similar article are based on MIS (Metal Insulator Semiconductor) junctions. The objectives of this thesis are thus the understanding of the piezorisistive properties of MIM structures, the optimisation of their sensitivity, and the realisation of a sensor prototype exploiting plastonic technologies
Demirel, Mustafa. "Contribution à l'optimisation des mesures de température et de déformations par capteur à fibre optique à réseau de Bragg : application au procédé de fabrication des composites par infusion de résine". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440938.
Texto completo da fontePlanes, Isabelle. "Performances des capteurs à fibres optiques basés sur les diffusions Brillouin, Rayleigh et Raman en environnement sévère". Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSES048.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis was carried out in collaboration between Andra (The National Agency for the Management of Radioactive Waste) and the Hubert Curien laboratory (Joint Research Unit CNRS 5516) of the Jean Monnet University of Saint-Étienne.In this work, I evaluated the performance of fiber optic sensors for monitoring the geological disposal site of long-lived radioactive waste (Cigéo project). This application requires regular, remote and distributed monitoring of the evolution of different quantities of interest such as: temperature, deformation and the presence of hydrogen (as well as their combinations) in a severe radiative environment. The proposed solution is based on the follow-up of optical signatures evolution of these wave-guides via backscatter studies: Brillouin, Rayleigh, and Raman.In order to answer this problem, several interrogation systems have been tested (used). According to their specificities, they are differentiated by: their types of analysis, their spatial resolutions, their optical budgets and scopes...The selection of the studied optical fibers is a key element for this type of application as they have to withstand these extreme environments over long periods of time. In this work, I studied the responses of optical fibers containing different dopants, in particular Ge and F. I quantified the effects of gamma radiation, temperature, deformation and the presence of hydrogen on the quality (sensitivitiy) of the distributed measures.My work has identified the optical fiber type to be used for these harsh environments. The interrogators’ responses are driven by these fiber types as well as their lengths and, consequently, make it possible to clearly define the dimensions of the areas to be monitored. The qualities of the measurement are governed by the choice of several parameters and in particular: the pulse duration, the power injected into the fiber, the frequency steps, the measurement duration ... these elements have a direct impact on the final resolutions (spatial and frequency) of measured quantities. Particular attention must be attached to these criteria
Lanticq, Vincent. "Mesure répartie de température et de déformations par diffusion Brillouin : de la fibre optique au capteur pour le génie civil". Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00006220.
Texto completo da fonteKolegain, Komlan. "Correction de trajectoires d'un robot manipulateur utilisé pour le soudage par friction malaxage". Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ENAM0033/document.
Texto completo da fonteFriction Stir Welding (FSW) is a recent process used for welding metallic parts in aerospace, automotive, and railway industries. Serial industrial robots may be used as FSW welding machines, but because of their lack of stiffness, they undergo elastic deformation under the effect of stresses produced by the process. This causes a welding tool path deviation both in position and orientation, which induces defects in the weld seam. In this work, two path correction methods were developed. The first method is based on the prediction of the position and orientation deviations in the cartesian space from robot models and stiffness model of the links and the joints. The knowledge of tool deviations enabled the synthesis of a path programming approach adapted for robotic FSW. Unlike linear interpolation methods often used, this approach is based on approximations of the adapted path by Bézier or B-splines curves. Experimental validations on a Kuka KR500-2MT robot welding complex paths showed an average residual deviation of 0.3 mm and weld seams without defects. The path accuracy achieved makes it possible to consider an industrial exploitation of the developed solution. The second proposed correction method uses position feedback with a 2D laser profile sensor in the feedback loop for real-time measurement of deviations. Two controllers were designed to correct the deviations. In spite of the external disturbances related to the constraints of the process, experimental results obtained on straight and curvilinear welding paths showed the stability of the feedback loop and a mean residual deviation of 0.1 mm was achieved. The interests and difficulties of deploying this second method were also highlighted
Konaté, Yaya. "Etude du comportement de films d'adhésif : application aux capteurs à jauges de déformation". Lille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL10041.
Texto completo da fonteSeat, Han Cheng. "Capteurs à fibres optiques pour la métrologie, la géophysique et les déformations mécaniques". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01068810.
Texto completo da fonteMorvan, Pierre-Antoine. "Mesures de déformations par capteurs à fibres optiques au cœur de matériaux composites". Nantes, 2013. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=ad04d174-7b51-4ba6-ac5d-495f007179ba.
Texto completo da fonteThe use of optical fibers for strain measurements tends to generalize because of its numerous advantages over other sensor technologies. Today strain gauges based on the use of optical fiber are easy and commercially available. However, this can become complex when the fiber is embedded into a material displaying very different mechanical properties from the properties of the silica. The main purpose of this work is to further question the use of fiber optic strain sensors to obtain quantifiable and/or relevant measures inside composite materials. Firstly we present a state of the art of different types of fiber optic sensors by focusing our attention on their use in composite materials. The second part of this work is devoted to optical fibers included in different homogeneous materials. Analytical and numerical models are compared to experimental studies in order to quantify measurement errors eventually made when the sensor is embedded into a material. Then a method is proposed in order to obtain both the longitudinal and the radial strain with only one optical fiber sensor. Finally, the concepts presented in the second part are validated through the study of a specimen made of two materials crossing the sensor’s location. Furthermore we evaluate the use of this sensor in a laminated composite structure under a different configuration than that proposed in the literature : the sensor is inserted across the thickness of the laminate
Clerc, Patrice. "Mesure de champs de déplacements et de déformations par stéréovision et corrélation d'images numériques". Lyon, INSA, 2001. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2001ISAL0066/these.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteTo determine displacement or strain fields from digital images, a classical technique consists of drawing a uniform grid on the surface of an object and measuring the displacement fields of these reference points. In order to get a marking method quicker and less expensive, the grid is replaced is by a random pattern. The numerical images are treated by a correlation method with an accuracy of 1/60th pixels. A method of 3D displacement and deformation fields by stereovision and using gray levels correlation method is proposed. Two CCD cameras on a stereo ring are used. All the steps for the measurement (paring, calibration, 3D reconstruction) use correlation. A proposed calibration method of the stereo ring doesn’t use a calibrating objet with a randomized pattern of which only the surface equation is known. The measurements of displacements and deformations fields shown are obtained from grids on a cube target. Once the calibration performed, the object's topographies before and after deformation are obtained from the calibration parameters and correlation between each pair of images and are compared to determine the displacement and deformation fields
Kétata, Mohamed. "Capteurs à fibres optiques pour la détection et la localisation des contraintes et déformations". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ECAP0094.
Texto completo da fonteIlieva, Maria. "Évaluation d'un capteur de mesure en continu des déformations à la surface du bois en cours de séchage". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ38111.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteLesueur, Guillaume. "Grandes antennes déformables". Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN2068.
Texto completo da fonteMechanical distortions on large active antenna structure entails significant degradations of their radiating pattern and radar performances. In this work, we suggest an innovative two-step method to dynamically cope with distortions. First, optical sensors directly measure the deformation. Then the global radiating pattern is re-shaped using a corrective law applied on the phase of each radiating element. The first part of this work is dedicated to the quantification of the impact of antenna distortions on radar performances. Then, a compensation feedback law is developed to mitigate distortions effect and to recover high quality radiating patterns and consequently preserve radar system performances. The simplicity and lightness of computation allows a true time compensation, even for very large 2D arrays. In the second part, we present the development of distributed optical sensors for real time mechanical distortions measurements in highly electromagnetically perturbed environment. We propose an optimization method based on an accurate mechanical modelling to estimate the minimum number and localization on the structure of sensors, as well as their resolution end range. Two principles of sensor are studied and developed. Both are based on the interception of a laser light plane acting as an absolute flat reference. The first is based on the use of an imaging fibre device, the second on a polarization coding of the light. In both cases, inherent immunity is provided by the use of optical fibres on the radiating surface. Finally, a large deformable antenna structure mock up is built to experiment the sensor on a real mechanical structure
Lasri, Mohamed Amjad. "Utilisation des réseaux de capteurs Géocubes pour la mesure de déformation des volcans en temps réel par GNSS". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEE040/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe Geocube system is a network of wireless GPS sensors designed and developed by the Laboratory of Opto-Electronics, Metrology and Instrumentation (LOEMI) of the National Institute of Geographical and Forest Information (IGN) and maintained by the same laboratory and Ophelia-Sensors, the company responsible for its industrialization. Its purpose is to measure ground deformations with millimetre accuracy. This sensor network has the particularity of being very low in energy consumption, low cost, easy to install and easy to use. It is suited for use in harsh environments, such as volcanoes. This system has already been successfully tested in a previous works on the Argentière glacier and a Super-Sauze landslide in France. The first part of this thesis deals with the optimization of the Geocube system for larger networks, horizontally and vertically, in order to use it in a volcanic context. First, a new strategy to estimate the tropospheric bias has been implemented into the Kalman filter (the heart of the Geocube processing software) in real time and in post-processing. This improvement is then validated using data from some national and international permanent GNSS networks. The second part consists in studying the contribution of a dense Geocubes network to the study of volcanism through an experiment conducted on the southeastern flank of Etna, where five Geocubes were deployed between July, 12th 2016 and July, 10th 2017. The results obtained from this experiment are discussed and analysed. Finally, the results obtained with Geocubes are validated by applying a PSI (Persistent Scatterer InSAR) technique on RADAR interferograms calculated from Sentinel-1A/B satellite data covering the period of deployment of the Geocubes on Etna. These two methods (GPS and RADAR) turned out to be complementary since RADAR provides the spatial density of measurements and the Geocube system provides accuracy and temporal continuity
Sikali, Mamdem Yolande. "Capteurs à fibres optiques répartis par effet Brillouin : séparation de la dépendance à température et à la déformation". Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENST0058/document.
Texto completo da fonteOptical fibers sensors for civil engineering are not a new idea. Their interest is based mainly on the intrinsic properties of optical fibers: electromagnetic neutrality, important capacity of multiplexing and access to long distances of measure. These sensors may cover numerous functions of the traditional sensors: detection, localization and surveillance. Thanks to interactions between the light and the optical fiber, such Brillouin scattering, the optical fiber can be on all its length, a continuously distributed sensor.The phenomenon of Brillouin scattering is well studied due to its big efficiency of scattering, its dependence towards temperature and strain and its pluri-kilometric reach. However, the double sensibility of the Brillouin frequency in temperature and strain is problematic for the simultaneous measurement of these two parameters. We shall present a possibility of discrimination of temperature and strain corresponding to the precisions wished for surveillance health monitoring
Sikali, Mamdem Yolande. "Capteurs à fibres optiques répartis par effet Brillouin : séparation de la dépendance à température et à la déformation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENST0058.
Texto completo da fonteOptical fibers sensors for civil engineering are not a new idea. Their interest is based mainly on the intrinsic properties of optical fibers: electromagnetic neutrality, important capacity of multiplexing and access to long distances of measure. These sensors may cover numerous functions of the traditional sensors: detection, localization and surveillance. Thanks to interactions between the light and the optical fiber, such Brillouin scattering, the optical fiber can be on all its length, a continuously distributed sensor.The phenomenon of Brillouin scattering is well studied due to its big efficiency of scattering, its dependence towards temperature and strain and its pluri-kilometric reach. However, the double sensibility of the Brillouin frequency in temperature and strain is problematic for the simultaneous measurement of these two parameters. We shall present a possibility of discrimination of temperature and strain corresponding to the precisions wished for surveillance health monitoring
Amestoy, Antoine. "Synthèse de nanohélices hybrides par auto-assemblage de type "bottom up" pour la fabrication de capteurs de déformation flexibles". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0041.
Texto completo da fonteFlexible and biocompatible strain sensors based on nanoparticle (NPs) assemblies show great potential for various future applications, such as electronic skin, flexible touch screens, and robotics. The high sensitivity of such strain sensing devices is due to the exponential dependence of the tunnel resistance on the distance between adjacent NPs, which is altered by the strain. However, the sensitivity, reproducibility and stability of these sensors are affected by variations in thickness, morphology and density of the films during manufacture or during their application. The objective of this work is to develop strain sensors based on assemblies of silica nanohelices covered with conductive metallic NPs or semiconducting metal oxide NPs to overcome these critical aspects. In the first part, gold NPs are synthesized and functionalized with different compositions of insulating ligands and are further grafted on the surface of the nanohelices with a covalent bond. In the second part, transparent semiconducting NPs of antimony-doped tin oxide are synthesized, functionalized and assembled on the surface of nanohelices by electrostatic or covalent interactions. Finally, the various assemblies obtained are deposited by dielectrophoresis between interdigitated electrodes on a flexible substrate. The flexibility, sensitivity and stability properties of the sensors are then characterized by electromechanical measurements coupled with scanning electron microscopy observations
Fendeleur-Nilly, Laurence. "Contribution à l'étude et au développement d'un capteur extensométrique et à ses applications dans le cadre des mesures en ligne des déformations de pièces mécaniques". Mulhouse, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MULH0491.
Texto completo da fonteFreire, Raimundo Carlos Silvério. "Conception de procédés de télémesure : application aux capteurs de micro-déplacements et de micro-déformations utilisés dans les secteurs industriels et en génie biomédical". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10361.
Texto completo da fonteDoulazmi, Mustapha. "Etude expérimentale comparative de différentes méthodes de mesure et d'acquisition d'amplitude angulaire : application en rééducation des handicapés moteurs". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991INPL097N.
Texto completo da fonteVittoz, Stéphane. "Modélisation et caractérisation de capteurs mécaniques intégrés à base d'hétérostructures A1GaN/GaN pour les environnements hostiles". Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENT064/document.
Texto completo da fonteSome industrial areas as oil, automotive and aerospace industries, require electromechanical systems working in harsh environments. An elegant solution is to use III–V materials alloys having semiconductor, piezoelectric and pyroelectric properties. These materials, particularly nitrides such as GaN or AlN, enable design of advanced devices suitable for harsh environment. By using free-standing structure coupled with sensing HEMT transistors that are stable at high temperatures, it is possible to obtain mechanical sensors suitable for harsh environments. This PhD thesis focuses on a cantilever-based strain sensor and a drumskin-based pressure sensor. Analytical models of both sensors have been developed and establish the feasibility of the sensing principle as well as its response linearity. The characterization tests of fabricated prototypes validate the possibility of measuring external mechanical load with both sensors. The linearity of the response has also been confirmed by experimental measurements. The experimental sensitivity is smaller than the theoretical one due to several parasitic effects not included in the model such as parasitic resistance and variable piezoresisitive effects
Maraval, Damien. "Mesure dynamique de déformation par rétrodiffusion Brillouin spontanée B-OTDR". Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENST0023/document.
Texto completo da fonteToday, three distinct and complementary technologies are available for distributed temperature, strain or vibration measurements with the analysis of Raman, Brillouin and Rayleigh backscattered light. Current industrial needs are distributed strain measurements for linear infrastructures, such as pipelines, for which linear and real-time strain distribution is required. The research work aims to design a new distributed and dynamic strain measurement system based on the analysis of spontaneous Brillouin backscatter by reflectometry. Slope assisted technique is used to accelerate the measurement acquisition, currently limited to static events because of their actual principle of sweep frequency acquisition of the Brillouin backscattering spectrum. The experimental results are characterized and validated by the simulation of the measurements of the deformation and displacement of a pipe supported between two simple supports. A mechanical model, adapted to this configuration and transposable on real projects, is developed. Through Cementys industrial partner, this model is then used for two monitoring project of pipelines with different installation facilities and purpose
Blanc, Gilles. "Problème inverse multidimensionnel de conduction de la chaleur : optimisation du positionnement des capteurs et utilisation des mesures de thermo-déformations". Lyon, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAL0009.
Texto completo da fonteThis work is devoted to the solution of the inverse multidimensional heat conduction problem. The first part is the determination of a methodology for determining the minimum number of sensors and the best sensor locations. The method is applied to a 2D problem but the extension to 3D problems is quite obvious. This methodology is based on the study of the rate of representation. This new concept allows to determine the quantity and the quality of the information obtained from the various sensors. The rate of representation is a useful tool for experimental design. It can be determined very quickly by the transposed matrix method. This approach was validated with an experimental set-up. The second part is the development of a method that uses thermal strain measurement instead of temperature measurements to estimate the unknown thermal boundary conditions. We showed that this new sensor has two advantages in comparison with the classica1 temperature measurements: higher frequency can be estimated and smaller number of sensors can be used for 2D problems. The main weakness is, presently, the fact that the method can only be applied to beams. The results obtained from the numerical simulations were validated by the analysis of experimental data obtained on an experimental set-up especially designed and built for this study
Vittoz, Stephane. "Modélisation et caractérisation de capteurs mécaniques intégrés à base d'hétérostructures A1GaN/GaN pour les environnements hostiles". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00858501.
Texto completo da fonteMaraval, Damien. "Mesure dynamique de déformation par rétrodiffusion Brillouin spontanée B-OTDR". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENST, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENST0023.
Texto completo da fonteToday, three distinct and complementary technologies are available for distributed temperature, strain or vibration measurements with the analysis of Raman, Brillouin and Rayleigh backscattered light. Current industrial needs are distributed strain measurements for linear infrastructures, such as pipelines, for which linear and real-time strain distribution is required. The research work aims to design a new distributed and dynamic strain measurement system based on the analysis of spontaneous Brillouin backscatter by reflectometry. Slope assisted technique is used to accelerate the measurement acquisition, currently limited to static events because of their actual principle of sweep frequency acquisition of the Brillouin backscattering spectrum. The experimental results are characterized and validated by the simulation of the measurements of the deformation and displacement of a pipe supported between two simple supports. A mechanical model, adapted to this configuration and transposable on real projects, is developed. Through Cementys industrial partner, this model is then used for two monitoring project of pipelines with different installation facilities and purpose
Chetrite, Bruno. "Analyse de la mesure simultanée de la déformation et de la température par Capteurs à Fibres Optiques intrinsèques- Etude d'une configuration associant un polarimètre et un réseau de Bragg". Aix-Marseille 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX30019.
Texto completo da fonteTalbi, Abdelkrim. "Sensibilité des dispositifs à ondes élastiques de surface réalisés sur des structures monocouches de quartz et structure bicouche de ZnO/Si aux déformations mécaniques : application au capteur de pression". Nancy 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NAN10184.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of this thesis is the devellopment of a pressure sensor using surface acoustic wave device. A theoretical and exprimental study of the sensor perfomed on quartz substrate and ZnO/Si structure are presented. Concerning the experimental study we have developped an experimental set-up wich permit testing under pressure. We have developed and optimized the SAW process manufacturing using SILVACO (soft for process simulation). We have also optimized the ZnO piezoelectric film deposition by using a DC planar magnetron sputtering system. Concerning the theoretical study we have developed a set of computer code in MATLAB environnement. For linear surface acoustic wave propagation a Jones and campbel method is used. For nonlinear surface acoustic wave propagation a Tierstein perturbation procedure was used. Both devices performed on quartz and ZnO/Si structure were investigated
Benoît, Lionel. "Positionnement GPS précis et en temps-réel dans le contexte de réseaux de capteurs sans fil type Geocube : application à des objets géophysiques de taille kilométrique". Thesis, Paris, Ecole normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENSU0014/document.
Texto completo da fonteWireless Sensor Networks (WSN) allow a multi-parameters monitoring of small extend areas thanks to cooperative data acquisition, transfer and processing. In order to combine WSN with a precise positioning of the receivers within the network using single frequency GPS modules, the Geocube has been developed by the French National Institute of Geographic and Forest Information (IGN-France). The first part of this work focused on GPS data management and processing to allow the relative positioning of the Geocubes within a local network. To this end, a processing method customized for Geocube data and WSN environment was developed. It is based on the use of GPS carrier phase double differences and a Kalman filtering. Due to the basic GPS antenna used into the Geocube to minimize its price and its size, multipath affect position time series. Various strategies are proposed for multipath mitigation, and finally a sub-centimeter to millimeter level accuracy is reached for relative positioning depending on measurement conditions.The second part of this work was devoted to the use of Geocube networks for geophysical structures monitoring. Two test sites were selected: the Super-Sauze landslide (Ubaye valley, Alpes de Haute-Provence, France) and the Argentière glacier (Mont-Blanc massif, Haute-Savoie, France). The dynamics of the studied areas was investigated at a sub-daily time scale thanks to the high accuracy and the high time resolution of positioning time series derived from Geocubes. In addition, positioning data were acquired quite everywhere a deformation measurement was needed thanks to the low-cost of Geocubes and their easy set up
Trifigny, Nicolas. "Mesure in-situ et connaissance des phénomènes mécaniques au sein d’une structure tissée multicouches". Thesis, Lille 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL10152/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis was conducted within the framework of the ANR project Numtiss. This project aims to develop a software tool for numerical modeling of weaving. Such a tool will provide greater accuracy in the design of structural composite preform and thus reduce time and cost of developments. The aim of the thesis is to provide knowledge on mechanical phenomena acting on the yarns during weaving. Among these phenomena, the longitudinal stress of the warp yarns can lead to irreversible loss of mechanical performances of these yarns. The study focuses on this phenomenon. A stress yarn sensor has been designed to perform in- situ measurements of the warp yarns during weaving. It had to be representative of the warp yarns used (fiberglass E), be robust to withstand the whole process of weaving, be non-intrusive compared to the other yarns and be sensitive to small deformations (less than 1 %). The final sensor consists of an E-glass roving locally covered (30mm) by a piezo-resistive coating based on PEDOT:PSS and PVA. It was characterized by a series of tests on a tensile tester bench. Once these manufacturing parameters were optimized, the sensor has been reproduced in series. This series of sensors has run a campaign of in-situ measurements on an industrial weaving loom configured for producing 4 layers 3D orthogonal interlock fabric. The results show the influence of the consecutive elements of the loom through significant and characteristics changes in the appearance of sensor signals
Saidi, Mohamed. "Mesure et analyse de l'état de déformation et d'endommagement interne dans les composites à matrice cimentaire utilisés pour le renforcement des structures de génie civil". Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE1092.
Texto completo da fonteDue to their mechanical, environmental and aesthetic compatibility, textile reinforced cementitious matrix composites are used on a large scale for rehabilitation and reinforcement of the built heritage and civil engineering structures. Under the effect of mechanical or environmental loads, the phenomena of interaction and damage between the textile reinforcement and the cementitious matrix are more complex than in the case of polymer matrix composites. These are mainly related to the cracking behaviour of the composite, the fragile nature of the matrix and the behaviour of the reinforcement/matrix bond. In particular, knowledge and understanding of the load transfer mechanisms at the reinforcement/matrix interface and crack initiation remain a major scientific challenge.Conventional measurement techniques used to characterise the mechanical behaviour of cementitious matrix composites (mechanical extensometers, digital image correlation, etc.) are able to provide information on the strain and stress state at the surface of a tested specimen. The different mechanisms of internal forces and degradation of the components (reinforcement, matrix, interface) are deduced using approaches of continuum and fracture mechanics.In this context, this work aims at implementing and adapting a measurement system that can be integrated into the core of composites: distributed optical fibre sensors. In order to check its reliability, this measurement technique is coupled with classical extensometer technics such as strain gauges implemented on the surface of the composites and digital image correlation. The main objective is to analyse more precisely the mechanical parameters at the micro scale and the load transfer mechanisms, crack initiation and propagation as well as damage mechanisms. On the basis of uni-axial tensile tests, coupled with the chosen instrumentation, a methodology for identifying local laws of reinforcement/matrix interaction is implemented. The aim of the thesis work is, using these local laws, to determine the micro-mechanical parameters of the composite (load transfer length, shear stress at the reinforcement/matrix interface, etc.) and to establish parameters characteristic of the local and global behaviour (cracking pattern and crack opening, damage indicators, constitutive equations, etc.). Nine configurations are tested and analysed in this work: two types of matrix, two types of textile reinforcement and three reinforcement ratios. The adaptation of the experimental protocol and the reliability of the results obtained are validated. The global and local behaviour of the composite, matrix, textile and their interface are measured and analysed. Load transfer length, shear stress at the textile/matrix interface, interface damage and crack opening are quantified and discussed. The effects of reinforcement ratio, matrix and textile type, mechanical and geometrical parameters of the composite on its mechanical tensile response are identified and evaluated. These results are used for the refinement and/or development of mechanical models of the stiffness and fracture behaviour of textile and cement-matrix reinforced composites
Aljr, Hasan. "Influence de la tranchée sur les chaussées en milieu urbain : Analyse des données d’une expérimentation à grande échelle". Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10168/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe trench is a major cause of deterioration of urban pavements. It considerably reduces the service life of these pavements. The present work aims to study through a large-scale experimentation the influence of the trench on urban pavements. It has been conducted within a collaboration between Lille Metropolis, Civil and geo-Environmental Engineering laboratory and Eurovia. It includes 4 parts. The first part contains a literature review concerning the influence of the trench on urban pavements as well as its economic impact. The second part concerns the analysis of the performances of the instrumentation system used to monitor the behavior of the pavement and the trench built at the entrance of Lille1 campus. The third part consists in the analysis of structural behavior of the pavement and the trench using deflection tests. The last presents an analysis of the responses of the pavement and the trench under traffic and the influence of the temperature on these responses
Le, Xuan-Chien. "Improving performance of non-intrusive load monitoring with low-cost sensor networks". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S019/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn smart homes, human intervention in the energy system needs to be eliminated as much as possible and an energy management system is required to automatically fluctuate the power consumption of the electrical devices. To design such system, a load monitoring system is necessary to be deployed in two ways: intrusive or non-intrusive. The intrusive approach requires a high deployment cost and too much technical intervention in the power supply. Therefore, the Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) approach, in which the operation of a device can be detected based on the features extracted from the aggregate power consumption, is more promising. The difficulty of any NILM algorithm is the ambiguity among the devices with the same power characteristics. To overcome this challenge, in this thesis, we propose to use an external information to improve the performance of the existing NILM algorithms. The first proposed additional features relate to the previous state of each device such as state transition probability or the Hamming distance between the current state and the previous state. They are used to select the most suitable set of operating devices among all possible combinations when solving the l1-norm minimization problem of NILM by a brute force algorithm. Besides, we also propose to use another external feature that is the operating probability of each device provided by an additional Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Different from the intrusive load monitoring, in this so-called SmartSense system, only a subset of all devices is monitored by the sensors, which makes the system quite less intrusive. Two approaches are applied in the SmartSense system. The first approach applies an edge detector to detect the step-changes on the power signal and then compare with the existing library to identify the corresponding devices. Meanwhile, the second approach tries to solve the l1-norm minimization problem in NILM with a compositional Pareto-algebraic heuristic and dynamic programming algorithms. The simulation results show that the performance of the proposed algorithms is significantly improved with the operating probability of the monitored devices provided by the WSN. Because only part of the devices are monitored, the selected ones must satisfy some criteria including high using rate and more confusions on the selected patterns with the others
Coudouel, Denis. "Conception d'un dispositif de pesage innovant pour véhicule en mouvement et fabrication de transducteurs en couches épaisses". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20135.
Texto completo da fonteThis PhD thesis is devoted to the study and implementation of a weigh-in-motion platform for vehicle based on a concept of integration of load. This concept is used to minimize the size of this kind of device while performing weighings with acceptable results. First, we show thanks to a protoype and several test campagns, the feasability of the method used. In a second time, we evaluate the performances of the prototype in terms of precision and repeatability with the dynamic weighing of vehicles at speeds up to 35km/h. A study is finally conducted on thick-film piezoresitive strain gauges and piezoelectric gauges manufacturing by a screen-printing process with cermet and polymer pastes. We characterize these tranducers with the goal of used them as an alternative of conventional foil strain gauges
Hernàndez, Moreno Hilario. "Monitoring de la fabrication de tubes composites réalisés par enroulement filamentaire et comportement mécanique sous pression externe". Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30090.
Texto completo da fonteRaid, Idir. "Développement de méthodes numériques et de caractérisations expérimentales pour l’étude des contraintes mécaniques et défaillances induites dans les dispositifs microélectroniques avancés". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALI084.
Texto completo da fonteThe trend in the microelectronics industry is towards miniaturisation, from transistors to the integrated circuit package. This constant desire of compactness is certainly motivated by economic reasons, but also by the perspectives to gain in performance, power and ergonomics. In early 90s, 0.8 µm was the transistors gate length at major semiconductor manufacturers. The length has been reduced to 6 nm with a density of integration of 125 million transistors per square millimetre. However, such a transition does not come without consequences, as far as it concerns fracture mechanisms, it is particularly true regarding the low-k dielectrics. This family of materials, although porous and fragile, is essential to ensure the insulation in the circuitry of an increasingly dense Back-End of Line (BEoL), with increasingly fine lithography. Besides, due to its porosity, it also has a hydrophilic behaviour which greatly reduces both its insulation quality and stress strength. For all these reasons, the seal ring, the copper interconnection structure that encircles the chip, was implemented to (i) ensure the mechanical integrity of its interior, containing the electrically active part of the die, and (ii) to protect it from moisture and other chemicals intrusions. Hence the interest of this work to address the thermomechanical stresses and cracking phenomena which are articulated around the BEoL. To do so, various paths revolving around the same line of research, mechanical integrity in microelectronics systems, are proposed. (i) Two ways of evaluating stress fields in active silicon and passive BEoL are investigated: by implementing sensor structures based on the principles of piezoresistance and extensometry respectively. (ii) The Four-Point Bending technique is benchmarked, and readapted to account for the crack length, for cracks advancing is homogeneous (decohesion) and heterogeneous (debonding) thin films structures. (iii) A Finite Elements approach, combined with Cohesive Zone Models under Small-Scale Yielding conditions, is proposed to analyse the influence of the arrangement and plasticity of copper in the interconnections in the resistance to crack advance
Ballit, Abbass. "Design and manufacturing process optimization for prosthesis of the lower limb". Thesis, Compiègne, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COMP2589.
Texto completo da fonteThe prosthetic socket, an essential interface element between the patient's stump and prosthetic device, is most often the place where the degree of prosthetic success is defined. It is the most critical part of the prosthesis, customized to fit with the unique residual limb of the amputee. Without a proper socket shape and fit, the prosthesis becomes uncomfortable, or even unusable, and causes pain and skin issues. The state-of-the-art prosthetic production is still missing universal numerical standards to design a socket. The current practice is expensive and relies on the manual refinements of the orthopedic technician, and the fit quality strictly correlates with his skills as well as the subjective feedback of the patient. The thesis aims to conduct a deep analysis of an optimal design of the prosthetic socket by studying and developing an alternative computer-aided design process. This process is fully based on the virtual model of the patient’s residual limb and relies on the calculation of the socket-stump interaction. A fast calculation is favorable in this case, that’s why we propose to use the Mass-Spring System (MSS) instead of the widely used FE method to model the soft tissues of the residual limb. A new configuration of the MSS model is proposed to respect the non-compressibility property of the soft tissues by adding non-linear “Corrective Springs”. The numeric model is to be generated from the scanned model of the stump. For this purpose, we propose a fusion scheme of four RGB-Depth sensors for a rapid and low-cost scan with error reduction techniques. Finally, the virtual residual limb is used in the socket designing phase. A parametric design method is proposed and investigated. The design problem is transformed into a constraint-satisfaction-problem whose constraints are derived from the inverse calculation of the stump-socket interaction. The inverse approach has been chosen to eliminate the need for expensive contact formulation. This fact leads to rapid calculations, and consequently, allows to provide real-time numerical feedback during the designing process. The validation was done by comparing the results of our system with the output of FE simulations. The system has been implemented with a user-friendly graphical interface and virtually tested and numerically validated. This system reduces the limitations of the current practices. However, a lot of works is still ahead to refine and develop the system and validate it with clinical experiments