Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Canada Army – Organization"
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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Canada Army – Organization"
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Sarty, Roger. "“The Army Origin of the Royal Canadian Navy”: Canada’s Maritime Defences, 1855-1918". Northern Mariner / Le marin du nord 30, n.º 4 (10 de junho de 2021): 341–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/2561-5467.41.
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In 1954 army historian George Stanley claimed that naval initiatives from the eighteenth century to the 1870s by the French and British armies in Canada and the local land militia were the true roots of the Royal Canadian Navy. He privately admitted that he was being intentionally provocative. The present article, however, reviews subsequent scholarship and offers new research that strengthens Stanley’s findings, and shows that the Canadian army continued to promote the organization of naval forces after the 1870s. The army, moreover, lobbied for the founding of the Royal Canadian Navy in 1910, and supported the new service in its troubled early years. En 1954, l’historien de l’armée George Stanley a affirmé que les initiatives navales entreprises du 18e siècle aux années 1870 par les armées française et britannique au Canada et par la milice terrestre locale étaient les véritables racines de la Marine royale canadienne. Par contre, il a aussi admis en privé qu’il avait été délibérément provocateur. Le présent article passe en revue les études ultérieures et propose de nouvelles recherches qui viennent renforcer les conclusions de Stanley et indiquent que l’armée canadienne a continué de promouvoir l’organisation des forces navales après les années 1870. De plus, l’armée a fait pression en faveur de la fondation de la Marine royale canadienne en 1910, puis elle a appuyé le nouveau service au cours de ses premières années tumultueuses.
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Kuzhel, Liubov. "Activities of the Ukrainian Women’s Association of Canada in the 1920s and 1930s through the prism of publications of the calendars and almanacs of that time". Proceedings of Vasyl Stefanyk National Scientific Library of Ukraine in Lviv, n.º 13(29) (2021): 160–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.37222/2524-0315-2021-13(29)-10.
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Fighting the threat of possible assimilation of the Ukrainian ethnic group combined with the necessity for successful socio-economic integration into the multiethnic Canadian society, on the one hand, and the need for Uk-rainian women to protect their rights on the other hand, prompted Ukrainian Canadian women to establish the UCC (– UCC – Ukrainian Canadian Congress) (Ukrainian Women’s Association of Canada) in 1926. Founded as a voluntary association to overcome illiteracy and to provide mutual assi¬stance in the adaptation of emigrant women and their families, the UCC has over time developed into a full-fledged public organization with a wide range of activity. This became possible due to the well-organized work of the leadership of the Ukrainian Women’s Association of Canada and the change of attitude towards gender equality. One of the important tasks of the Associa¬tion was the fostering of an educated nationally conscious mother and public person, educator of the younger generation, guardian of her religion and traditional customs. In addition to education and art events, the Ukrainian Women’s Association of Canada also organized assistance to the Ukrainian liberation movement by collecting donations to help political prisoners and injured soldiers of the Ukrainian army and shaping the public position and national consciousness of Ukrainian women. Publications in calendars and almanacs of the 1920’s–1930’s clearly testify to the great work done by the Ukrainian Women’s Association of Canada. It was a self-sufficient multi-level organization that effectively encouraged Ukrainian women to work sys¬tematically in the community and their family. Keywords: Ukrainian diaspora of Canada, women’s movement, Ukrainian Women’s Association of Canada, liberals, calendars, “Ukrainian Voice”.
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Reczyńska, Anna. "Sprawy polskie w Kanadzie w czasie I wojny światoweJ". Studia Migracyjne – Przegląd Polonijny 46, n.º 2 (176) (2020): 227–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/25444972smpp.20.019.12335.
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Polish Issues in Canada During World War I The article presents the impact of World War I on Polish immigrants in Canada, the position of the Polish ethnic group in this country and the efforts of persons of Polish descent in regard to recruitment for the Polish Army in North America. Poles, who were subjects of Germany or the Austro-Hungarian Empire were treated as enemy aliens. Those people were forced to register and report to the police on a regular basis and some of them were interned in labour camps during the war. Some were released from the camps after an intervention of Polish organizations and priests. Soldiers of Polish descent, volunteers and recruits also fought in the Canadian Expeditionary Forces in Europe. Over 20,000 Polish volunteers from the US (including over 200 from Canada) enrolled in a training camp formed in Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario on the border with the US. The problems with the organization and functioning of the camp, and opinions on Polish volunteers shaped the attitude of many Canadians towards the Polish diaspora and the newly established Polish state. Keywords: World War I, Polish Diaspora in Canada, Niagara-on-the-Lake camp, Haller’s Army, Colonel Arthur D’Orr LePan Streszczenie Artykuł przedstawia kilka przykładów obrazujących oddziaływanie wydarzeń I wojny światowej na żyjących w Kanadzie polskich imigrantów, pozycję polskiej grupy etnicznej w tym kraju oraz na aktywność osób polskiego pochodzenia na rzecz rekrutacji do wojska polskiego w Ameryce Północnej. Polaków, którzy byli poddanymi Niemiec lub monarchii austro-wegierskiej traktowano jak przedstawicieli państw wrogich. Mieli obowiązek rejestracji i regularnego zgłaszania się na policję a niektórzy zostali internowani w stworzonych w czasie wojny obozach pracy. Część z nich była z tych obozów zwolniona po interwencji polskich organizacji i polskich duchownych. Żołnierze polskiego pochodzenia, zarówno ochotnicy jak i poborowi, znaleźli się także w oddziałach Kanadyjskich Sił Ekspedycyjnych walczących w Europie. Ponad 20 tys. polskich ochotników z USA (w tym ponad 200 z Kanady) zgłosiło się też do obozu szkoleniowego utworzonego w Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, przy granicy z USA. Problemy z organizacją i funkcjonowaniem tego obozu oraz opinie o polskich ochotnikach, kształtowały nastawienie wielu Kanadyjczyków do polskiej grupy etnicznej i nowotworzonego Państwa Polskiego.
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Prylutska, Ludmila. "Problems of organization and activities of guerrillas of Ukraine during the summer of 1941-1942 from the point of view of the modern western historiography". V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University Bulletin "History of Ukraine. Ukrainian Studies: Historical and Philosophical Sciences", n.º 32 (12 de julho de 2021): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2227-6505-2021-32-05.
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The article analyzes the peculiarities of western scientists’ coverage of the problems of organization and effectiveness of the guerrilla movement in Ukraine, which, in their opinion, had a rather complex and ambiguous phenomenon. The role of various factors that took place in the creation and leadership of the detachments, including both the factor of upper leadership of the movement, and the factor of spontaneity, has been examined. The circumstances that served as an accelerator for its expansion in 1943 have been clarified; the thesis of the "nationwide struggle against the Nazi invaders", to which western scientists have always been skeptical, has been considered from a critical point of view. There are some contradictions in the works of historians of Western Europe, the United States, Canada and other countries to the estimation of the effectiveness of guerrilla action. The authors did not ignore the typical problems associated with the attitude of Soviet leaders to the seemingly excessive independence of the guerrillas. Western historians also clarify the relationship between the guerrillas and the local community, which has not always been cloudless. In addition, they constantly emphasize the indifference of guerrilla leaders to the events of Holocaust. Moreover, as a rule, partisans of Jewish origin often felt protected from anti-Semitic manifestations only in mono-ethnic Jewish detachments. The situation of girls and women guerrillas was rather difficult; many of them were forced to become mistresses of certain captains due to the aggressive behavior of male guerrillas. It should be highlighted that the classic work of D.A. Armstrong (1922-2010), Professor of the University of Wisconsin, "Soviet guerrillas. Legend and Reality, 1941-1944” stated that by the autumn of 1942 there were almost no guerrillas in Ukraine. The exceptions were the regions of Sumy and Chernihiv; according to his estimates, even at the beginning of 1943 there were no more than 20,000 guerrillas in Ukraine. It is noteworthy that the historical department of the US Army during the Cold War was monitoring closely the Soviet publications on the activities of Soviet guerrillas. In 1965 the bibliography of books, essays, memoirs, and collections of documents on the guerrillas group in the occupied territory of the USSR, which was collected there, figured up to 227 titles. Western scientists supported the formula of the "involuntary Resistance Movement" that existed in the occupied lands not only in Ukraine. According to them, the activities of the guerrillas had more psychological and political significance than purely military one - that is, the population should have felt that they were the representatives of the Soviet government.
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Mulholland, Caitlin. "Guiding Canada's Girls Toward the Empire". Mirror - Undergraduate History Journal 44, n.º 1 (10 de abril de 2024): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/mirror.v44i1.17094.
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Through a critical analysis of Guiding's official programming books, the hierarchy of its organizational structure, and scholarly works on the history of the Guiding and Scouting Movements in Britain and Canada, this paper explores the early development of the Girl Guides of Canada; analyzing the early 20th century public's shifting views on girlhood and examining the relationship between Guiding and the British Empire. The central thesis of this essay is that the organization was originally founded in 1910 with a strict, conservative gender ideology and a strong imperial connection, but changed its messaging during the Interwar Period to reflect emerging modern notions of girlhood and imperialism; while still retaining its core values in its official programming.
Born out of the Scouting Movement of Great Britain, the Girl Guides of Canada were originally founded with the intention of preparing young girls for a domestic life; serving the British Empire by being dutiful wives and mothers. The organization's mission was to address the public's anxiety surrounding modern girlhood. As new economic and leisure opportunities appeared for women and girls in Canada's urban areas, so did the fear that these working women would lead lives of promiscuity, potentially causing the breakdown of domestic life. Guiding sought to prevent this issue by taking up young girls' spare time with gendered instruction on subjects such as how to run a home and the role of women in the British Empire. This messaging and ideology was incredibly popular at the time, and the Guiding movement spread like wildfire.
Following the First World War, the Canadian public's views on the role of girls and the British Empire were changing: through Guiding's wartime volunteer efforts, girls had proven themselves to be capable of much more than domestic instruction, and Canada began to question its place within the empire. The emergence of alternative youth movements, with a specific focus on physical training and fostering a Canadian national identity, reflected this change. In response to these developments, the Girl Guides released introduced international camps with messaging surrounding peace and international friendship, and promoted a more progressive view of girls with new badges and activities. This new rhetoric made the movement more appealing to a wider array of girls, but only obscured the organizations original values of imperialism and domesticity. The structure of the organization still adhered to a hierarchy that favoured British Girl Guides, with the Canadian arm taking all direction from Britain. Upon analysis of Guiding's programming books, it is also clear that gendered instruction was still the primary focus of the organization. This paper also examines how Canadian Girl Guides' programming was used to naturalize and assimilate girls who did not fit the Empire's idealized model of white womanhood, such as Indigenous girls attending residential schools and girls from immigrant households, further complicating its notion of internationalism.
The changes to the Guiding Movement's programming reflect the organization's desire to spread its ideology to a wider audience, rather than a commitment to more modern ideas of girlhood and progressive notions of international friendship. The programming, while becoming more refined over time, still centered around domestic skills and preparing girls for motherhood, while the organization's international structure relied on a hierarchy that placed Britain at the top, and kept Canada at an arms' length.
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Sholeye, Yusuf, e Amal Madibbo. "Religious Humanitarianism and the Evolution of Sudan People’s Liberation Army (1990-2005)". Political Crossroads 24, n.º 1 (1 de setembro de 2020): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7459/pc/24.1.03.
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During the Cold War, military and economic tensions between the US and the Soviet Union shaped the process of war in conflict regions in different parts of the world. The end of the Cold War in the early 1990s reshaped the balance of power in global politics, as new actors appeared on the global scene and global foreign policy shifted to mediating and providing humanitarian assistance in conflict regions zones. Humanitarianism became the method of conflict resolution, which provided humanitarian organizations, especially the religious ones among them, with the opportunity to have more influence in the outcomes of sociopolitical events occurring in the world. These dynamics impacted conflicts in Africa, especially within Sudan. This is because that era coincided with Sudan’s Second Civil War (1983-2005) between the Sudan People Liberation Army (SPLA) and the Government of Sudan (GofS). During the Cold War, both the US and Russia intervened in the civil war in Sudan by providing military and economic assistance to different parties, but, again, in the post-Cold War era humanitarianism was used in relation to the civil war. Transnational religious organizations provided humanitarian assistance in the war-torn and drought-afflicted regions in Southern Sudan, and sought to help implement peace initiatives to end the war. The organizations included Operation Lifeline Sudan (OLS), a consortium of UN agencies and NGOs1 which was created in 1989. In addition, transnational religious groups based in the United States and Canada such as the Christian Solidarity International (CSI), the Canadian Crossroads, Catholic Relief Service, Mennonite Central Committee and the Lutheran Church got involved in humanitarian relief in Sudan. The global focus on religious humanitarianism extended to Southern Sudan as the New Sudan Council of Churches (NSCC) was founded in 1989-1990 to coordinate the humanitarian assistance. Because SPLA has led the civil war on behalf of Southern Sudan and had suzerainty over territories there, the humanitarian organizations had to build relationships with the SPLA to deliver relief through Southern Sudan and negotiate peace initiatives. This article analyzes how the transnational activities of the religious humanitarian groups shaped the evolution of SPLA from 1990 to 2005, with a particular focus on the US and Canadian organizations. We will see that the organizations influenced SPLA in a manner that impacted the civil war both in positive and negative ways. The organizations were ambivalent as, on one hand, they aggravated the conflict and, on the other hand influenced the development of both Church and non-Church related peace initiatives. Their humanitarian work was intricate as the civil war itself became more complex due to political issues that involved slavery, and oil extraction in Southern Sudan by US and Canadian multinational oil companies. All the parties involved took action to help end the civil war, but they all sought to serve their own interests, which jeopardized the possibility of a lasting peace. Thus, the interpretation of that history provides ways to help solve the current armed conflict in South Sudan.
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Pink, George H., e Peggy Leatt. "The use of ‘arms-length’ organizations for health system change in Ontario, Canada: some observations by insiders". Health Policy 63, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2003): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8510(01)00225-1.
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Zhyvohliadova, Daryna. "The search for effective models of supporting national culture: the canadian experience of the «pandemic period»". Bulletin of Mariupol State University. Series: Philosophy, culture studies, sociology 11, n.º 22 (2021): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-2830-2021-11-22-51-61.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the Canadian experience of supporting national culture in response to the challenges of the «pandemic period», the experience of optimizing the resources of available cultural capital to create a system of self-organization of Canadian society in modern realities. For the whole Ukrainian society, as well as for the theory and practice of domestic culturological knowledge, to optimize cultural policy it is necessary to investigate and understand universal and specific steps in the management of cultural and artistic spheres of other countries, the resources of cultural capital, Article is focused on the process of conceptualization of the experimental knowledge gained in recent management of Canada's national culture which took place in a short period of the first pandemic challenges in parallel with the rapid instrumentalization of the results (approaches, analytical and interpretive systems, management models). It is noted that the Canadian experience of providing flexibility in the movement of managerial, financial and organizational resources, which would be optimally correlated with the dynamics of modern socio-cultural life, is extremely valuable. The existing model of cultural governance in Canada, the organization of interaction between the state and cultural institutions - «the arms-length principle» in modern realities allows to flexibly and dynamically respond to the variability of socio-cultural situation. The policy of multiethnic multicultural Canada has for many decades been pursued in the field of culture in the context of affirmation of national cultural identity and cultural sovereignty. The article analyzes ways and means to strengthen the support of Canadian content at the international level and stimulate the development of the domestic market of creative industries, artists support, creative professions, cultural management sector at the national, regional and local levels in recent years. The research is focused on the Canadian experience of integrating into the organizational culture of management of various creative actors - the state, civil society institutions, artistic communities, organizations and individuals whose activities are directly or indirectly related to cultural and artistic practices.
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Krukovsky, Vitaliy. "Expo-1967 in Montreal: the Struggle for Ukrainian Sovereignty". American History & Politics Scientific edition, n.º 9 (2020): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2521-1706.2020.09.12.
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The purpose of the article is to analyze the events surrounding the participation of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic in the World Expo–1967 exhibition in Montreal and to identify the features of this process, such as the actions of diaspora organizations to attract the attention of the Canadian government and the international community to the political status of Ukraine within the Soviet Union. The publication proves that the youth movement of the Ukrainian diaspora is able to influence the course of important political events, one of which was the Montreal World Exhibition. It was used by the Kremlin as a component of preparations for the 50th anniversary of the October Bolshevik coup in Petrograd on November 7, 1917. Meanwhile, the Ukrainian diaspora was preparing to celebrate the anniversaries of the Ukrainian settlements in Canada, the Ukrainian National Revolution of 1917–1921, and the creation of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army. The author concluded that the Ukrainian Canadian community drew the attention of the Canadian government and the international community to the political status of Ukraine within the Soviet Union and contributed to the consolidation of all Ukrainian world in the fight for human rights in Soviet Ukraine and its proper place in the international political and legal environment. Despite the strong involvement of the Soviet Union’s State Security Committee’s agent network, the activities of Ukrainian youth organizations in Canada in July–August 1967 brought a number of positive gains. In particular, it fostered a sense of patriotism, self–identification, and continuity in the traditions of national liberation struggle. At the same time, the nature of the events was driven by local characteristics, the size of the diaspora and its financial resources. In this context, the activities of Ukrainian youth organizations in Canada during Expo-1967 were a kind of impetus for the further struggle for freedom and independence of the native generations of the state – Ukraine.
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Foord, David J. A., e Peter Kyberd. "From Design to Research: Upper Limb Prosthetic Research and Development in Canada, 1960-2000". Scientia Canadensis 38, n.º 1 (7 de abril de 2016): 50–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1036042ar.
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This paper examines the history of the research and development (R&D) of myoelectric upper limb prosthesis in Canada from 1960 to 2000. It focuses on two of the prosthetic research and training units (PRTUs) that were created and funded by the federal government as a result of the Thalidomide tragedy: the Rehabilitation Centre at the Ontario Crippled Children’s Centre (OCCC) and successor organizations, and the University of New Brunswick’s (UNB) Institute of Biomedical Engineering (the Institute or IBME). Both developed commercial systems for myoelectrically controlled arms and hands. We argue that, in contrast to the common view that research in universities and public research institutions has increasingly moved away from basic problems and to product development and commercialization over the period, research in this field has moved in the opposite direction. We explore these cases in detail and examine the forces at work in this change from a design-oriented approach to one that became research intensive.
Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Canada Army – Organization"
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Case, Gordon Christopher. "Wartime Lessons, Peacetime Actions: How Veterans Like Major-General Dan Spry Influenced Canadian Society After 1945". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36186.
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This study examines some of the ways in which Second World War veterans helped shape Canadian society in the years after 1945 by using the life experience of one of their number, Major-General Daniel Charles Spry, as an interpretive model. Just over one million Canadian men and women re-entered civil life after their wartime military service. Representing approximately 35 per cent of Canada’s adult male population aged 25 to 49 in 1951, and found in nearly every facet of Canadian life, Second World War veterans possessed social importance that extended far beyond their experience of the Veterans Charter. Using Dan Spry’s documented thoughts and actions in war and peace, this study argues that a number of these individuals learned lessons regarding leadership, character, citizenship, and internationalism during their wartime military service and – finding them useful – applied such lessons to various aspects of their lives after the war’s end. In so doing, Second World War veterans helped to influence the character of postwar Canada’s institutions, workplaces, and the lives of many Canadians by providing societal leadership, moulding children’s character, developing future citizens, and trying to build a better world. Appreciating their varied contributions provides new insight into both veterans’ attitudes and the sort of place that Canada was after the guns fell silent in 1945.
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Faraday, Bruce Douglas History Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "Half the battle : the administration and higher organisation of the AIF 1914-1918". Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of History, 1997. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38693.
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Administration of armies has been sadly neglected in historical studies but the ability of the AIF to develop an efficient system of administration and to fit into the equally efficient British system, had much to do with the success of the AIF, especially late in the war. The various Empire governments had made some preparations for an alliance system of fighting in the event of a major war, but in practice these needed a great deal of adjustment. This thesis examines the manner in which the dominions and Britain planned for a possible war and the way in which changes had to be made in practice. It examines the manner in which the AIF developed a system and the many facets of this system, which had developed a remarkable degree of efficiency by the end of the war. Because the AIF and CEF were so alike in size, composition and in the problem they faced, a recurring theme of the thesis is a comparison between the two. It embraces the following: a. Prewar preparation for a combined empire army. b. The organisation of the administrative system of the AIF and the manner this improved through the war. c. The organisation and problems of the CEF administrative system d. The development of a system of capitation to pay for the services supplied to the AIF and CEF. e. Supply of equipment. f. Manner in which both forces worked to maintain their forces. g. The manner in which both forces catered for the needs of the individual soldiers. h. Supply in the field i. Medical administration in the AIF j. The administration in the AIF k. The administration of discipline in the AIF l. The demobilisation of the AIF.
Livros sobre o assunto "Canada Army – Organization"
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Law, Clive M. Regimental numbers of the Canadian army, 1936-1960. Ottawa: Service Publications, 2000.
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Buchanan, Isaac. Our battalion organization should not be as volunters [sic] but as a militia active force. [S.l: s.n., 1985.
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d'Odet, Orsonnens L. G. Projet d'organisation militaire pour la confédération canadienne. [Montréal?: s.n.], 1987.
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A, Bruce Herbert. Politics and the Canadian Army Medical Corps: A history of intrigue, containing many facts omitted from the official records, showing how efforts at rehabilitation were baulked. Toronto: W. Briggs, 1994.
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Holmes, John Wendell. Canada, NATO and arms control. Ottawa: Canadian Centre for Arms Control and Disarmament, 1987.
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Pinch, Franklin C. Perspectives on organizational change in the Canadian forces. Alexandria, Va: U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, 1994.
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Canada. Dept. of Foreign Affairs and International Trade. Nuclear : agreement between the Government of Canada and the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization on the conduct of activities relating to international monitoring facilities for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, Ottawa, October 19, 1998, in force October 19, 1998 =: Nucléaire : accord entre le gouvernement du Canada et la Commission préparatoire pour l'organisation du traité d'interdiction complète des essais nucléaires sur la conduite des activités relatives au système de surveillance international du traité d'interdiction complète des essais nucléaires, Ottawa, le 19 octobre 1998, en vigueur le 19 octobre 1998. Ottawa, Ont: Minister of Public Works and Government Services Canada = Ministre des travaux publics et services gouvernementaux Canada, 1998.
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GOVERNMENT, US. The Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement : tariff schedule of the United States. Ottawa: External Affairs Canada, 1987.
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Bylaws, act of incorporation, organization, past, present and future of the Association. Winnipeg: [s.n., 1995.
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Order of Battle of Divisions Part 5A, Divisions of Australia, Canada and New Zealand and those in East Africa. Ray Westlake-Military Books, 1992.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteCapítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Canada Army – Organization"
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Rostek, Michael A. "Institutionalizing Futures Thinking in the Canadian Army". In Futures Thinking and Organizational Policy, 225–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94923-9_11.
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Weddle, Kevin J. "Laying the Groundwork". In The Compleat Victory:, 86–101. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195331400.003.0006.
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This chapter discusses the preparation in Canada for Burgoyne’s expedition south to Albany. It introduces the key British leaders for the campaign including Major General William Phillips, Major General Friedrich Riedesel, and Brigadier General Simon Fraser, and the army’s organization. It also discusses the issues surrounding the use of German troops and Indian auxiliaries. Burgoyne’s overconfidence and disregard of Howe’s letter confirming that he was taking his army to Philadelphia and not up the Hudson River to Albany is covered at length. Finally, the logistics preparation for the campaign and the critical shortage of transport—horses, oxen, and carts—is covered in depth.
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"Canadian Army Infantry Organization". In Strangers in Arms, 224–26. McGill-Queen's University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780773599086-014.
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Axworthy, Lloyd. "15. Canada and antipersonnel landmines". In Foreign Policy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198708902.003.0015.
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This chapter examines the impact of the Ottawa Process on the use of antipersonnel landmines as well as its significance to foreign policy analysis. The Ottawa Process led to the signing of an international treaty to ban the use and trading of landmines in 1997. It also contributed to the concept of human security and the emerging global principle of responsibility to protect. The chapter first considers the dynamic between governments and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) leading up to the launch of the Ottawa Process before discussing how middle power countries worked with NGOs and used soft power diplomacy to achieve a ban on landmines. It also explores the utility of the Ottawa Process as a model for recent international efforts, including the Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, the establishment of the International Criminal Court, and the treaties on cluster munitions and the trade in small arms.