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1
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Telecommunications and Finance. Telephone "900" services: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Telecommunications and Finance of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, first session, on H.R. 328, a bill to provide for regulation and oversight of the development and application of the technology known as audiotext, February 28, 1991. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1991.
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2
United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Telecommunications and Finance. Telephone "900" services: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Telecommunications and Finance of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, second session, on H.R. 5671 ... September 27, 1990. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1991.
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3
United, States Congress Senate Committee on Commerce Science and Transportation Subcommittee on Communications. S. 471, the 900 Services Consumer Protection Act of 1991, and S. 1166, the Telephone Consumer Assistance Act: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Communications of the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, One Hundred Second Congress, first session, July 16, 1991. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1992.
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4
New Jersey. Legislature. General Assembly. Consumer Affairs Committee. Public hearing before Assembly Consumer Affairs Committee, Assembly bill nos. 4437 and 4449 (establish regulatory scheme for certain telephone information services): And the Committee discussed Assembly bill no. 4630 (makes telemarketing between the hours of 9 p.m.-9 a.m. an unlawful business practice) : May 20, 1991, Glassboro Municipal Building, Glassboro, New Jersey. Trenton, N.J: Hearing recorded and transcribed by Office of Legislative Services, Public Information Office, Hearing Unit, 1991.
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5
Edgars, K̦iploks, ed. Nac Man līdz!: Liecības par to, kā šis Pestītāja aicinājums īstenots. [U.S.]: Lelba apgāds, 1990.
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6
Organization, World Health, ed. Calcium and magnesium in drinking-water: Public health significance. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2009.
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7
Ontario. Esquisse de cours 12e année: Fonctions avancées et introduction au calcul différentiel mcb4u cours préuniversitaire. Vanier, Ont: CFORP, 2002.
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8
F, Hallenbeck Edwin, ed. The orders of ministry: Reflections on direct ordination, 1996. Providence, R.I: North American Association for Diaconate, 1996.
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9
Brinckmann, Hans. The Call of Japan. GB Folkestone: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9781912961146.
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Part personal memoir, part professional flashback, part socio-cultural commentary, The Call of Japan chronicles the author’s experiences during his 40 years of living in Japan, from 1950 to 1974 as a ‘reluctant banker’, and from 2003 to the present as a writer. The Call of Japan comments extensively on the country’s economic, political and cultural realities during the crucial early years of post-war reconstruction as well as during more recent times.
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Méndez, Polito Rodriguez. Y llamó a los que Él quiso: Perspectivas para la captación y selección de candidatos al sacerdocio. Altolitho, C.A. [Venezuela]: [publisher not identified], 2015.
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11
Zhukova, Galina, e Margarita Rushaylo. Mathematical analysis in examples and tasks. Part 1. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1072156.
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The purpose of the textbook is to help students to master basic concepts and research methods used in mathematical analysis. In part 1 of the proposed cycle of workshops on the following topics: theory of sets, theory of limits, theory of continuous functions; differential calculus of functions of one variable, its application to the study of the properties of functions and graph; integral calculus of functions of one variable: indefinite, definite, improper integrals; hyperbolic functions; applications of integral calculus to the analysis and solution of practical problems.
For the development of each topic the necessary theoretical and background material, reviewed a large number of examples with detailed analysis and solutions, the options for independent work. For self-training and quality control of the obtained knowledge provides exercises and problems with answers and guidance.
For teachers, students and postgraduate students studying advanced mathematics.
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Zhukova, Galina, e Margarita Rushaylo. Mathematical analysis in examples and tasks. Part 2. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1072162.
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The purpose of the textbook is to help students to master basic concepts and research methods used in mathematical analysis. In part 2 of the proposed cycle of workshops on the following topics: analytic geometry in space; differential calculus of functions of several variables; local, conditional, global extrema of functions of several variables; multiple, curvilinear and surface integrals; elements of field theory; numerical, power series, Fourier series; applications to the analysis and solution of applied problems. These topics are studied in universities, usually in the second semester in the discipline "Mathematical analysis" or the course "Higher mathematics", "Mathematics".
For the development of each topic the necessary theoretical and background material, reviewed a large number of examples with detailed analysis and solutions, the options for independent work. For self-training and quality control of the acquired knowledge in each section designed exercises and tasks with answers and guidance.
It is recommended that teachers, students and graduate students studying advanced mathematics.
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Fantacci, Romano, ed. Giornata di Studio per Giovani Ricercatori su Innovazione Tecnico Scientifica in Italia nei Settori dell'Energia Elettrica e ICT. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-091-8.
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This book comprises the contributions presented at the Study Day addressing technical and scientific innovation in Italy in the sectors of electricity and telecommunications, organised in the Faculty of Engineering of Florence University by AICT (Associazione per la Tecnologia dell'Informazione e delle Comunicazioni) and AEE (Associazione Energia Elettrica, of the AEIT Federation) in the framework of the celebrations marking the bicentenary of the birth of Antonio Meucci. The first section presents three addresses by guest speakers dealing with the past, present and future of telecommunications, while the second section consists of nine articles selected on open-call basis representing original contributions from young researchers in the sectors of electricity and telecommunications.
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Die Regelung entgeltpflichtiger Sprachmehrwertdienste in den USA und Deutschland unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Verbraucherschutzes. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1997.
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15
Canon 517 [par.] 2 and the lay pastoral administrator: Some canonical considerations. 1990.
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16
Hallenbeck, Edwin F. The Orders of Ministry: Reflections on Direct Ordination, 1996. North Amer Assn for the Diaconate, 1998.
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17
Andruchow, Marcela. El patrimonio plástico de la Facultad de Artes. Teseo, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55778/ts878834498.
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<p>En este libro se presentan los resultados de dos proyectos de investigación desarrollados por investigadores del Instituto de Historia del Arte Argentino y Americano de la Facultad de Artes, y conservadores-restauradores del Museo de Física de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas (ambas unidades académicas de la UNLP). Los proyectos se orientaron a poner en valor la colección de arte de la facultad produciendo conocimientos historiográficos y propuestas de conservación para las obras.</p><p>Del total de la colección de aproximadamente 120 obras, que pertenece al Área Museo, Exposiciones y Conservación de la Facultad de Artes, en esta investigación se estudiaron las copias de yeso de esculturas provenientes de Europa y que forman conjuntos representativos del arte griego, románico, gótico y renacentista; además de las esculturas, pinturas, grabados, dibujos y mosaicos realizados y donados por docentes y graduados de la facultad.</p><p>Los resultados de la investigación que componen los contenidos del libro se distribuyen en distintos capítulos que presentan el alcance de los proyectos; el proceso de catalogación de la obra plana de la colección; el proceso de estudio y registro del estado de conservación de la obra plana; los resultados de la investigación de la colección de calcos de yeso; la indagación y diseño de las fichas de relevamiento confeccionadas <em>ad hoc</em> para utilizar en el estudio y registro del estado de conservación de las copias de yeso; el proceso de uso de esa ficha en el relevamiento y, finalmente, la propuesta y los resultados de la indagación en el diseño de estrategias físicas de protección y señalética de los calcos de yeso.</p>
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Shaffu, Shireen, e James Taylor. Normal function of the musculoskeletal system. Editado por Patrick Davey e David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0263.
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The musculoskeletal system consists of specialized connective tissue whose primary function is to allow locomotion. The tissues of the musculoskeletal system are bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments. In particular, the bony skeleton also has the task of protecting vital internal organs, contains the bone marrow, and is an intrinsic part of the metabolic pathways involved in calcium homeostasis. Motion is allowed by specialized articulating structures, the joints.
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Miklitsch, Robert. The Crimson Kimono. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040689.003.0011.
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Samuel Fuller’s Crimson Kimono (1959) is, like Odds against Tomorrow (1959), a paradigmatic late ‘50s American noir. Part policier, part melodrama, part “art” film, part “B” or exploitation picture, The Crimson Kimono deploys the sort of self-reflexive devices associated with Douglas Sirk’s ‘50s melodramas in order to “estrange” or “alienate” the dark crime film. For example, by portraying an interracial romance and commenting on the cliché of Oriental inscrutability, The Crimson Kimono foregrounds the black-and-white moral calculus of melodrama even as italicizes the racial difference, not to say racism, that has been a part, however occluded, of the history of “black film.” Equally importantly, by refiguring the film’s Asian-American police detective as the “hero” of the narrative who solves the case and “gets the girl,” Fuller’s film refashions one of the constitutive tropes of the genre, the “Shanghai gesture,” a trope that can itself be traced back to The Maltese Falcon (1941) and the origins of classic American film noir.
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Pattison, George. A Metaphysics of Love. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813521.001.0001.
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The book is the third and final part of a philosophy of Christian life. The first part applied a phenomenological approach to the literature of the devout life tradition, focussing on the feeling of being drawn to devotion to God; the second part examined what happens when this feeling is interpreted as a call or vocation. At its heart, this is the call to love that is made explicit in the Christian love-commandment but is shown to be implied every time human beings address each other in speech. A metaphysics of love explores the conditions for the possibility of such a call to love. Taking into account contemporary critiques of metaphysics, Dante’s vision of ‘the love that moves the sun and other stars’ challenges us to account for the mutual entwining of human and cosmic love and of being/God and beings/creatures in love. Conditions for the possibility of love are shown to include language, time, and social forms that mediate between immediate individual existence and society as a whole. Faced with the history of human malevolence, love also supposes the possibility of a new beginning, which Christianity sees in the Incarnation, manifest as forgiveness. Where existential phenomenology sees death as definitive of human existence, Christianity finds life’s true measure in love. Thus understood, love reveals the truth of being.
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Tesón, Fernando R. Further Issues in Humanitarian Intervention. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190202903.003.0006.
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The chapter examines three issues addressed in the literature. The first is the objection that governments cannot be trusted with making these intervention decisions. The chapter accepts the force of the objection, but argues that such government failure must be part of the proportionality calculus. The second issue is whether consent matters for intervention. The chapter claims that the consent of the victims' fellow citizens is irrelevant, as is the consent of the incumbent regime and its supporters. And finally, the chapter proposes an alliance of rights-respecting governments as the more plausible institutional alternative to approve and supervise justified interventions.
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Bardin, Thomas, e Tilman Drüeke. Renal osteodystrophy. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0149.
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Renal osteodystrophy (ROD) is a term that encompasses the various consequences of chronic kidney disease (CKD) for the bone. It has been divided into several entities based on bone histomorphometry observations. ROD is accompanied by several abnormalities of mineral metabolism: abnormal levels of serum calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D metabolites, alkaline phosphatases, fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) and klotho, which all have been identified as cardiovascular risk factors in patients with CKD. ROD can presently be schematically divided into three main types by histology: (1) osteitis fibrosa as the bony expression of secondary hyperparathyroidism (sHP), which is a high bone turnover disease developing early in CKD; (2) adynamic bone disease (ABD), the most frequent type of ROD in dialysis patients, which is at present most often observed in the absence of aluminium intoxication and develops mainly as a result of excessive PTH suppression; and (3) mixed ROD, a combination of osteitis fibrosa and osteomalacia whose prevalence has decreased in the last decade. Laboratory features include increased serum levels of PTH and bone turnover markers such as total and bone alkaline phosphatases, osteocalcin, and several products of type I collagen metabolism products. Serum phosphorus is increased only in CKD stages 4-5. Serum calcium levels are variable. They may be low initially, but hypercalcaemia develops in case of severe sHP. Serum 25-OH-vitamin D (25OHD) levels are generally below 30 ng/mL, indicating vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency. The international KDIGO guideline recommends serum PTH levels to be maintained in the range of approximately 2-9 times the upper normal normal limit of the assay and to intervene only in case of significant changes in PTH levels. It is generally recommended that calcium intake should be up to 2 g per day including intake with food and administration of calcium supplements or calcium-containing phosphate binders. Reduction of serum phosphorus towards the normal range in patients with endstage kidney failure is a major objective. Once sHP has developed, active vitamin D derivatives such as alfacalcidol or calcitriol are indicated in order to halt its progression.
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Vaughan, David. 5. Minerals and the living world. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199682843.003.0005.
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‘Minerals and the living world’ considers various mineral–microbe interactions, biomineralization, and how minerals interact with the human body and human health. Biomineralization is the process where living organisms produce minerals such as calcite, apatite, and silica. An example is the unicellular, ocean-living radiolaria that have complex silica skeletons. After death their skeletal remains sink to the ocean floor and can be seen preserved in cherts and flints. Human biominerals can be divided into those which are an essential part of the bodies’ systems, such as hydroxylapatite found in bones and teeth, and those which are unexpected and pathological mineral deposits, such as calcium oxalate and asbestiform minerals.
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Efectos sociales y para la salud del consumo de cannabis sin fines médicos. Organización Panamericana de la Salud, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275319925.
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El cannabis es la sustancia psicoactiva bajo control internacional que más se utiliza a nivel mundial. Se calcula que, en el 2013, 181,8 millones de personas de 15 a 64 años consumieron cannabis sin fines médicos en todo el mundo (estimaciones de la incertidumbre: 128,5-232,1 millones) (UNODC, 2015). Existe una preocupante demanda cada vez mayor de tratamiento de los trastornos por el consumo de cannabis y de afecciones de salud asociadas en los países de ingresos altos y medianos, y en los diálogos sobre políticas internacionales se ha prestado mayor atención a las repercusiones en la salud pública del consumo de cannabis y de los trastornos relacionados. Todo ello llevó a tomar la decisión de publicar este informe de actualización acerca de los efectos sociales y sobre la salud del consumo de cannabis sin fines médicos. En 1995, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) convocó una reunión de expertos sobre el cannabis a raíz de la cual se elaboró un informe acerca de las consecuencias del consumo de cannabis sobre la salud (OMS, 1997) y, desde entonces, se han hecho importantes investigaciones sobre este tema...Esta publicación se basa en las contribuciones de una amplia gama de expertos e investigadores de diferentes partes del mundo. Tiene el propósito de presentar los conocimientos actuales sobre la repercusión para la salud del consumo de cannabis sin fines médicos. En el proceso de finalización del presente informe, se tuvo en cuenta la actualización sobre el cannabis y la resina del cannabis (Madras, 2015) encargada por la Secretaría del Comité de Expertos de la OMS en Farmacodependencia y presentada a la trigésima séptima reunión de dicho comité de expertos en noviembre del 2015 (OMS, 2015). Versión oficial en español de la obra original en ingles: The health and social effects of nonmedical cannabis use. © World Health Organization 2016. ISBN: 978 92 4 151024 0 Algunos derechos reservados. Esta obra está disponible en virtud de la licencia 3.0 OIG Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual de Creative Commons (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo).
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Pattison, George. The Self in and before God. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813507.003.0010.
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Is the devout life a form of mysticism? Noting recent trends in the discussion of mysticism it is concluded that it is ‘mystical’ only if this is not confused with an experientially oriented spirituality or negative theology. Revisiting the relationship between will and affection, it is argued that the annihilation of the self opens the way for a spiritual life marked by dynamic movement and openness, in contrast to a claustrophobic self defined by volitional necessity. Although preferring silence, the devout authors believe devotion is set in motion by a divine call, but in post-Christian society, the motive power of basic life-choices is widely regarded as either ‘life’ or the internalized voices of society. How could a call from God be possible and how would one know it to be from God? These questions end Part 1 of the enquiry and set the stage for Part 2, The Rhetorics of the Word.
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Aluffi, Paolo, David Anderson, Milena Hering, Mircea Mustaţă e Sam Payne, eds. Facets of Algebraic Geometry. Cambridge University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108877831.
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Written to honor the 80th birthday of William Fulton, the articles collected in this volume (the first of a pair) present substantial contributions to algebraic geometry and related fields, with an emphasis on combinatorial algebraic geometry and intersection theory. Featured topics include commutative algebra, moduli spaces, quantum cohomology, representation theory, Schubert calculus, and toric and tropical geometry. The range of these contributions is a testament to the breadth and depth of Fulton's mathematical influence. The authors are all internationally recognized experts, and include well-established researchers as well as rising stars of a new generation of mathematicians. The text aims to stimulate progress and provide inspiration to graduate students and researchers in the field.
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Aluffi, Paolo, David Anderson, Milena Hering, Mircea Mustaţă e Sam Payne, eds. Facets of Algebraic Geometry. Cambridge University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108877855.
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Written to honor the 80th birthday of William Fulton, the articles collected in this volume (the second of a pair) present substantial contributions to algebraic geometry and related fields, with an emphasis on combinatorial algebraic geometry and intersection theory. Featured include commutative algebra, moduli spaces, quantum cohomology, representation theory, Schubert calculus, and toric and tropical geometry. The range of these contributions is a testament to the breadth and depth of Fulton's mathematical influence. The authors are all internationally recognized experts, and include well-established researchers as well as rising stars of a new generation of mathematicians. The text aims to stimulate progress and provide inspiration to graduate students and researchers in the field.
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Covic, Adrian, Mugurel Apetrii, Luminita Voroneanu e David J. Goldsmith. Vascular calcification. Editado por David J. Goldsmith. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0120_update_001.
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Vascular calcification (VC) is a common feature of patients with advanced CKD and it could be, at least in part, the cause of increased cardiovascular mortality in these patients. From a morphologic point of view, there are at least two types of pathologic calcium phosphate deposition in the arterial wall—namely, intima calcification (mostly associated with atherosclerotic plaques) and media calcification (associated with stiffening of the vasculature, resulting in significantly adverse cardiovascular outcomes). Although VC was viewed initially as a passive phenomenon, it appears to be a cell-mediated, dynamic, and actively regulated process that closely resembles the formation of normal bone tissue, as discovered recently. VC seems to be the result of the dysregulation of the equilibrium between promoters and inhibitors. The determinants are mostly represented by altered calcium and phosphorus metabolism, secondary hyperparathyroidism, vitamin D excess, high fibroblast growth factor 23, and high levels of indoxyl sulphate or leptin; meanwhile, the inhibitors are vitamin K, fetuin A, matrix G1a protein, osteoprotegerin, and pyrophosphate. A number of non-invasive imaging techniques are available to investigate cardiac and vascular calcification: plain X-rays, to identify macroscopic calcifications of the aorta and peripheral arteries; two-dimensional ultrasound for investigating the calcification of carotid arteries, femoral arteries, and aorta; echocardiography, for assessment of valvular calcification; and, of course, computed tomography technologies, which constitute the gold standard for quantification of coronary artery and aorta calcification. All these methods have a series of advantages and limitations. The treatment/ prevention of VC is currently mostly around calcium-mineral bone disease interventions, and unproven. There are interesting hypotheses around vitamin K, Magnesium, sodium thiosulphate and other potential agents.
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Meunier, Fanny, Julie Van de Vyver, Linda Bradley e Sylvie Thouësny. CALL and complexity – short papers from EUROCALL 2019. Research-publishing.net, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14705/rpnet.2019.38.9782490057542.
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The theme selected for the 2019 EuroCALL conference held in Louvain-la-Neuve was ‘CALL and complexity’. As languages are known to be intrinsically and linguistically complex, as are the many determinants of learning (additional) languages, complexity is viewed as a challenge to be embraced collectively. The 2019 conference allowed us to pay tribute to providers of CALL solutions and to recognize the complexity of their task. We hope you will enjoy reading this volume as it offers a rich glimpse into the numerous debates that took place during EuroCALL 2019. We look forward to continuing those debates and discussions with you at the next EuroCALL conferences!
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Sallaz, Jeffrey J. Lives on the Line. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190630652.001.0001.
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The call center industry is booming in the Philippines. Around the year 2005, the country overtook India as the world’s “voice capital,” while industry revenues are now the second largest contributor to national GDP. This ethnographic study traces the assemblage of a global market for voice over the past two decades. New information technologies developed during the 1990s and 2000s fed Western firms’ appetite for cheap, English-speaking workers in offshore locales. An initial attempt to build a stable labor market for voice in India failed, owing in large part to gendered norms regarding work and mobility. In the Philippines, in contrast, there is a remarkable affinity between workers and firms. Decades of failed development policies have produced for educated Filipinos a dismaying choice: migrate abroad in search of prosperity or stay at home as an impoverished professional. Offshored call centers, in this context, represent a middle path. Drawing upon case studies of sixty Filipino call center workers and two years of fieldwork in Manila, this book shows how call center jobs allow Filipinos to earn a decent living and stay at home. Filipina women and transgender Filipinos in particular use their voices as strategic resources. Call centers are for them lifelines and lifestyles. Taken as a whole, this study advances debates concerning global capitalism, the future of work, and the lives of those who labor in offshored jobs.
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Guía de la OMS sobre detección y tratamiento de la sífilis en embarazadas. Organización Panamericana de la Salud, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275321737.
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Las infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) constituyen un importante problema de salud pública en todo el mundo, que afecta a la calidad de vida y se acompaña de importantes niveles de morbilidad y mortalidad. Estas infecciones influyen directamente en la salud infantil y reproductiva porque traen consigo infertilidad, cánceres y complicaciones del embarazo. También tienen una influencia indirecta porque facilitan la transmisión por vía sexual del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), pesando así igualmente en la economía de los países y las personas. Cada día, más de un millón de personas contraen una infección de transmisión sexual. Se calcula que en 2012 hubo en el mundo 357 millones de nuevos casos de ITS curables (blenorragia, clamidiasis, sífilis o tricomoniasis) que afectaron a adultos de entre 15 y 49 años de edad, entre ellos 5,6 millones de casos de sífilis. El número de casos prevalentes de sífilis asciende, según las estimaciones, a unos 18 millones. Versión oficial en español de la obra original en inglés: WHO Guideline on syphilis screening and treatment for pregnant women. © World Health Organization 2017. ISBN: 9789241550093.
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Chowdhury, Arjun. Incapable Yet Central. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190686710.003.0001.
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This chapter introduces the puzzle motivating the book: most states are weak states, incapable of monopolizing violence and supplying order, and yet the modern centralized state remains the central unit of world politics. Having introduced the puzzle, the chapter previews the core argument. The process of state formation that yielded centralized states in Europe required costly interstate wars and imperial conquest. This process of war driving state formation was not replicable beyond a certain level of destructiveness. After this point, states faced the problem of escalating popular demands for services, and declining willingness to pay taxes and disarm. This gap between what I call “the demand for services” and “the supply of the state” is what we call state weakness, and this gap has deep historical roots. The chapter concludes with an outline of the book.
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Keown, Damien. Euthanasia. Editado por Daniel Cozort e James Mark Shields. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198746140.013.19.
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This chapter explores the Buddhist perspective on euthanasia in the light of scriptural teachings and contemporary opinions. The chapter is divided into four parts. The first considers what does—and does not—constitute euthanasia, and includes a discussion of views expressed by contemporary Tibetan teachers. The second part discusses two moral values often invoked in support of euthanasia, autonomy and compassion. The third part considers how euthanasia is regarded in early textual sources. The fourth part offers a brief survey of contemporary attitudes to euthanasia in Japan and Thailand. It concludes that euthanasia is contrary to Buddhist teachings in that it involves intentional killing contrary to the First Precept. Buddhists rarely call for the legalization of euthanasia: their concerns centre instead on ‘dysthanasia’, or the unnecessary prolongation of the dying process. In response to this concern it is suggested that Buddhism imposes no obligation to preserve life at all costs.
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Lusane, Clarence. Multicultural Hegemony. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036453.003.0017.
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This chapter first locates Obama's politics and policy positions relative to the broad political and ideological objectives of U.S. foreign policy. The Obama doctrine is in process, but its tenets and principles are being set, in part, by an array of close advisors and political appointments whose own political roots are telling. Second, it assesses specific policies that have been espoused by Obama in terms of a general approach to foreign policy and policies aimed at specific regions. Third, it examines the Obama doctrine's fealty to what can be called the black foreign policy consensus, the set of evolved political and policy positions related to international affairs held overwhelmingly by black Americans historically and contemporarily. This is not a racial check specific to Obama, but a calculus that all presidents must face from the black community and its opinion leaders and activists.
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Orantin, Nicolas. Unitary integrals and related matrix models. Editado por Gernot Akemann, Jinho Baik e Philippe Di Francesco. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198744191.013.17.
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This article examines the basic properties of unitary matrix integrals using three matrix models: the ordinary unitary model, the Brézin-Gross-Witten (BGW) model and the Harish-Chandra-Itzykson-Zuber (HCIZ) model. The tricky sides of the story are given special attention, such as the de Wit-’t Hooft anomaly in unitary integrals and the problem of correlators with Itzykson-Zuber measure. The method of character expansions is also emphasized as a technical tool. The article first provides an overview of the theory of the BGW model, taking into account the de Wit-’t Hooft anomaly and the M-theory of matrix models, before discussing the theory of the HCIZ integral. In particular, it describes the basics of character calculus, character expansion of the HCIZ integral, character expansion for the BGW model and Leutwyler-Smilga integral, and pair correlator in HCIZ theory.
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Seymour, Nicole. Trans Ecology and the Transgender Road Narrative. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935338.013.152.
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This article identifies a particular subgenre of the road narrative, the transgender road narrative, analyzing the filmTransamericaand the novelNevadaas representative examples. The first part draws on transgender studies scholarship, showing how these texts both depict a long history of trans (im)mobility and engage with the affective geographies of gender transitioning, including the idea of the body as home. The second part draws on ecocriticism and environmental humanities scholarship, comparing howTransamericaandNevadadepict landscapes and environments in relation to trans bodies. This article thus takes this subgenre as an opportunity to explore the intersection of transgender issues and environmental issues and subsequently to develop a new line of inquiry that we might call “trans ecology.” (This article has been commissioned as a supplement toThe Oxford Handbook of Ecocriticism, edited by Greg Garrard.)
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Foley, Barbara. Black and Brown Worlds Heaving Upward. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038440.003.0007.
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This chapter demonstrates how Toomer's critique of capitalist modernity comes to the fore in part 2 of Cane. Situated mostly in the nation's capital, the stories and poems here call into question the limitations of metonymic nationalism; if the liberation of the submerged masses is to occur, it will have to be part of a worldwide “heaving upward” of the underground races of the globe. Yet the exchange relation is also shown to dominate each and every human interaction; the very spaces within which modern city dwellers work, live, and revel are confined and constrained by a universal commodification that compels critical commentary. Faced with the task of representing this contradictory modern reality is the figure of the New Negro as artist.
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Cooley, Timothy J., ed. Cultural Sustainabilities. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042362.001.0001.
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This collection of essays is driven by the proposition that environmental and cultural sustainability are inextricably linked. The authors are unified by the influence of the pioneering work of Jeff Todd Titon in developing broadly ecological approaches to folklore, ethnomusicology, and sustainability. These approaches lead to advocacy and activism. Building on and responding to Titon's work, the authors call for profoundly integrated efforts to better understand sustainability as a challenge that encompasses all living beings and ecological systems, including human cultural systems. While many of the chapters address musicking and ecomusicology, others focus on filmmaking, folklore, digital media, philosophy, and photography. Organized into five parts, Part 1 establishes a theoretical foundation and suggests methods for approaching the daunting issues of sustainability, resilience, and adaptive management. Part 2 offers five case studies interpreting widely divergent ways that humans are grappling with ecological and environmental challenges by engaging in expressive culture. Part 3 illustrates the role of media in sustainable cultural practices. Part 4 asks how human vocal expression may be central to human self-realization and cultural survival with case studies ranging from the digital transmission of Torah chanting traditions to Russian laments. Part 5 embraces Titon's highly influential work establishing and promoting applied ethnomusicology, and speaks directly to the themes of advocacy and activism.
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Citkin, Alex, e Alexei Muravitsky. Consequence Relations. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192866417.001.0001.
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Abstract An in-depth study of the concept of a consequence relation, culminating in the concept of a Lindenbaum-Tarski algebra, intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in mathematics and graduate students in philosophy, as well as researchers in the field of mathematical and philosophical logic. The book is aimed to fill the niche left after the publication of Rasiowa and Sikorski’s The Mathematics of Metamathematics (1970), Rasiowa’s An Algebraic Approach to Non-Classical Logics (1974), and Wójcicki’s Theory of Logical Calculi (1988). The problem of obtaining confirmation that a statement is a consequence of a set of statements as prerequisites, on the one hand, and the problem of demonstrating that such confirmation does not exist in the structure under consideration, on the other hand, are considered in a balanced way, using predominantly algebraic methods, as one two-sided problem. Namely, for the second part of this problem, the concept of the Lindenbaum-Tarski algebra plays a key role, which becomes even more important when the considered consequence relation is placed in the context of decidability. This role is traced in the book for various formal objective languages. The included exercises are an essential component of the reader’s assimilation of the book’s material.
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Martin, Fabienne, e Florian Schäfer. Sublexical modality in defeasible causative verbs. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198718208.003.0006.
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This chapter is dedicated to an ambiguity characteristic of what we call defeasible causative verbs (of which ‘teach’ is an example). With agentive subjects, the change of state (CoS) encoded by these verbs (e.g. a learning process) can be entirely denied, giving rise to what we call the “zero-CoS” non-culminating reading of these verbs. With causer subjects, however, the same verbs seem to entail the occurrence of (a part of) the CoS (including in imperfective sentences). We argue that this ambiguity cannot be handled by positing different event structures under the agentive and non-agentive uses. Under the analysis proposed, the semantics of these verbs involve a sublexical modal component à la Koenig and Davis (2001), both with agent and causer subjects. In favor of positing a sublexical modality with all types of subject, we investigate the conditions under which the zero-CoS reading is available even with a subset of inanimate subjects and “non-intentional” agents.
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Helm, Bennett W. Respect and the Reactive Attitudes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801863.003.0003.
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The nature of both respect and the reactive attitudes is illuminated by understanding the reactive attitudes to be a class of emotions distinguished by their forming a distinctively interpersonal pattern of rationality. In feeling a reactive attitude such as resentment, one holds the wrongdoer responsible by “calling on” him to feel guilt and on witnesses to feel disapprobation or indignation; other things being equal, one’s resentment is unwarranted if that “call” is not taken up by others. This call and its uptake are made intelligible through the community members’ joint background commitment to the value of the community and its norms, and to the dignity of its members as members—a commitment undertaken and reaffirmed in their reactive attitudes. The resulting interpersonal rational patterns of reactive attitudes constitute their joint recognition respect for its norms and for each other as a part of their joint reverence for the community.
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Pattison, George. A Rhetorics of the Word. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813514.001.0001.
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A Rhetorics of the Word is the second volume of a three-part philosophy of Christian life. It approaches Christian life as expressive of a divine calling or vocation. The word Church (ekklesia) and the role of naming in baptism indicate the fundamental place of calling in Christian life. However, ideas of vocation are difficult to access in a world shaped by the experience of disenchantment. The difficulties of articulating vocation are explored with reference to Weber, Heidegger, and Kierkegaard. These are further connected to a general crisis of language, manifesting in the degradation of political discourse (Arendt) and the impact of new communications technology on human discourse. This impact can be seen as reinforcing an occlusion of language in favour of rationality already evidenced in the philosophical tradition and technocratic management. New possibilities for thinking vocation are pursued through the biblical prophets (with emphasis on Buber’s and Rosenzweig’s reinterpretation of the call of Moses), Saint John, and Russian philosophies of language (Florensky to Bakhtin). Vocation emerges as bound up with the possibility of being name-bearers, enabling a mutuality of call and response. This is then evidenced further in ethics and poetics, where Levinas and Hermann Broch (The Death of Virgil) become major points of reference. In conclusion, the themes of calling and the name are seen to shape the possibility of love—the subject of the final part of the philosophy of Christian life: A Metaphysics of Love.
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Oertel, Gerhard. Stress and Deformation. Oxford University Press, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195095036.001.0001.
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Students of geology who may have only a modest background in mathematics need to become familiar with the theories of stress, strain, and other tensor quantities, so that they can follow, and apply to their own research, developments in modern, quantitative geology. This book, based on a course taught by the author at UCLA, can provide the proper introduction. Included throughout the eight chapters are 136 complex problems, advancing from vector algebra in standard and subscript notations, to the mathematical description of finite strain and its compounding and decomposition. Fully worked solutions to the problems make up the largest part of the book. With their help, students can monitor their progress, and geologists will be able to utilize subscript and matrix notations and formulate and solve tensor problems on their own. The book can be successfully used by anyone with some training in calculus and the rudiments of differential equations.
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Beste, Jennifer. College Hookup Culture and Christian Ethics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190268503.001.0001.
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What happens at college parties? Why do students dress and behave the way they do? Who has power, and what kind? And are college students happy overall with party and hookup culture? In response to undergraduates’ skepticism of researchers’ accounts of hookup culture, the author engaged 126 college students as ethnographers to observe and analyze this complex social reality at parties. Part I presents their results, revealing a disillusionment with contemporary sexual and relational norms that challenges benevolent or even neutral views of hookup culture. Part II brings students into conversation with Christianity’s narrative of what it means to become fully human and experience genuine joy and fulfillment. The spokesperson for this vision is theologian Johann Metz, whose portrait of Jesus struggling to become fully human by embracing poverty of spirit resonates with today’s college students. Comparing Jesus’s way of being in the world with their college culture’s status quo, many undergraduates discover in Metz’s Poverty of Spirit a countercultural path to authenticity, happiness, and fulfillment. Part III culminates in a call to action: with understanding of contemporary norms gained in part I, and poverty of spirit as explored in part II, these chapters explore obstacles to sexual justice on college campuses, identify key commitments necessary for change, and envision how undergraduates can work to create the college culture they truly desire and deserve.
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Johnson-Laird, P. N., e Sangeet S. Khemlani. Mental Models and Causation. Editado por Michael R. Waldmann. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199399550.013.4.
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The theory of mental models accounts for the meanings of causal relations in daily life. They refer to seven temporally-ordered deterministic relations between possibilities, which include causes, prevents, and enables. Various factors—forces, mechanisms, interventions—can enter into the interpretation of causal assertions, but they are not part of their core meanings. Mental models represent only salient possibilities, and so they are identical for causes and enables, which may explain failures to distinguish between their meanings. Yet, reasoners deduce different conclusions from them, and distinguish between them in scenarios, such as those in which one event enables a cause to have its effect. Neither causation itself nor the distinction between causes and enables can be captured in the pure probability calculus. Statistical regularities, however, often underlie the induction of causal relations. The chapter shows how models help to resolve inconsistent causal scenarios and to reverse engineer electrical circuits.
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Hsu, Shi-Ling. International Market Mechanisms. Editado por Kevin R. Gray, Richard Tarasofsky e Cinnamon Carlarne. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199684601.003.0012.
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This chapter describes the role of international market mechanisms in reducing pollution and the costs of doing so. It looks into two mechanisms established by economists John H. Dales and Arthur Cecil Pigou. Dales propounded the mechanism of ‘pollution permit-trading’ which, instead of regulating pollution on a source-by-source or emitter class-by-emitter class basis, a regulatory agency from the beginning would limit the overall amount of pollution allowed. Firms could then trade amongst themselves, effectively using the market to determine which of them should be able to pollute, how much, and when. The other market mechanism is the Pigouvian tax, which is the tax levied per unit of pollution emitted. By pricing these external costs and forcing polluters to consider them in their private calculus, Pigouvian taxes force polluters to balance the social costs and their private economic benefits of polluting.
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Brazier, John, Julie Ratcliffe, Joshua A. Salomon e Aki Tsuchiya. A QALY is a QALY is a QALY—or is it not? Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198725923.003.0010.
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This chapter looks at a theoretical framework for diversions from the assumption that all units of health gain have equal social value, and examins different ways in which welfarists and non-welfarists may call for cost per weighted QALY analyses, for efficiency-based reasons, and equity-motivated reasons. A distinction is drawn between the value of health to individuals (which is a matter of preference) and the value of health of different people to society (which is a matter of normative judgement). Another distinction is drawn between weighting QALYs across different people because of who they are and weighting QALYs across different people because of the level of their baseline health. The chapter also presents a brief look at the challenges associated with empirical research in the topic, their findings, and the practicalities of cost per weighted QALYs.
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Perrier, Maud. Childcare Struggles, Maternal Workers & Social Reproduction. Policy Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529214925.001.0001.
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Spanning the United Kingdom, United States and Australia, this comparative study brings maternal workers' politicized voices to the centre of contemporary debates on childcare, work and gender. The book illustrates how maternal workers continue to organize against low pay, exploitative working conditions and state retrenchment and provides a unique theorization of feminist divisions and solidarities. Bringing together social reproduction with maternal studies, this is a resonating call to build a cross-sectoral, intersectional movement around childcare. The book shows why social reproduction needs to be at the centre of a critical theory of work, care and mothering for post-pandemic times.
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Ramos-Zayas, Ana Y., e Mérida M. Rúa, eds. Critical Dialogues in Latinx Studies. NYU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479805198.001.0001.
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Critical Dialogues in Latinx Studies approaches the social histories and contemporary lives of a diverse range of Latina and Latino populations, including immigrants, exiles, refugees, and US-born groups from across the Americas. Adopting a comparative ethnic studies lens that captures histories of US imperialism, local and transnational perspectives on community, national and pan-ethnic identifications, and diverse social and demographic trends, this anthology emphasizes the breadth and dynamism of the ideas, debates, and questions that drive the dynamic field of Latinx/a/o Studies. The edited volume is unique, not only in its comparative, humanistic social science focus but also in its structure and organization of key discussions, what we call “critical diálogos,” in Latinx/a/o Studies. The anthology deliberately considers each contribution, not exclusively as a stand-alone piece but as part of a larger disciplinary theme and interdisciplinary conversation. This specific “diálogo framing” allows readers to identify specific areas of thematic interest, while remaining unavoidably attentive to the diversity and complexity of the everyday lives of Latinx populations, the political economic structures that shape enduring racialization and cultural stereotyping, and the continuing efforts to carve out new lives as diasporic, transnational, global, and colonial subjects. Critical Dialogues in Latinx Studies will introduce scholars and students to new approaches, theoretical trends, and understudied topics in Latinx/a/o Studies, while also fostering rigorous classroom discussion and scholarly research in a variety of disciplinary and interdisciplinary research areas.
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Ramsay, Stephen. An Algorithmic Criticism. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036415.003.0001.
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This chapter presents an “algorithmic criticism,” which seeks, in the narrowing forces of constraint embodied and instantiated in the strictures of programming, an analogue to the liberating potentialities of art. It proposes that we create tools—practical, instrumental, verifiable mechanisms—that enable critical engagement, interpretation, conversation, and contemplation. The chapter furthermore proposes that we channel the heightened objectivity made possible by the machine into the cultivation of those heightened subjectivities necessary for critical work. Moreover, this chapter argues that scientific method and metaphor (or, more precisely, the use of these notions within the distorted epistemology we call “scientism”) is, for the most part, incompatible with the terms of humanistic endeavor.