Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Calcul à réservoir"
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Duffaut, Yvan. "Calcul des modes d'oscillations d'un liquide dans un réservoir de satellite stabilisé par rotation". Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066813.
Texto completo da fonteBasterrech, Sebastián. "Apprentissage avec les réseaux de neurones aléatoires et les machines de calcul avec réservoir de neurones". Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S178.
Texto completo da fonteSince the 1980s a new computational model merging concepts from neural networks and queuing theory was developed. The model was introduced under the name of Random Neural Networks (RNNs), inside the field of Neural Networks. In this thesis, a first contribution consists of an adaptation of quasi-Newton optimisation methods for training the RNN model. In the last decade, a new computational paradigm was introduced in the field of Machine Learning, under the name of Reservoir Computing (RC). One of the pioneers and most diffused RC methods is the Echo State Network (ESN) model. Here, we propose a method based on topographic maps to initialise the ESN procedure. Another contribution of the thesis is the introduction of a new RC model called the Echo State Queueing Network (ESQN), where we use ideas coming from RNNs for the design of the reservoir. An ESQN consists of an ESN where the reservoir has a new dynamics inspired by recurrent RNNs. In this thesis, we position the ESQN method in the global Machine Learning area, and provide examples of their use and performances. Finally, we propose a method for real–time estimation of Speech Quality using the learning tools above described. Audio quality in the Internet can be strongly affected by network conditions. As a consequence, many techniques to evaluate it have been developed. In particular, the ITU-T adopted in 2001 a technique called Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ) to automatically measuring speech quality. PESQ is a well-known and widely used procedure, providing in general an accurate evaluation of perceptual quality by comparing the original and received voice sequences. The thesis provides a procedure for estimating PESQ output working only with measures taken on the network state and using some properties of the communication system, without any original signal. The experimental results obtained prove the capability of our approach to give good estimations of the speech quality in a real–time context
Nivlet, Philippe. "Prise en compte des incertitudes dans l'interprétation réservoir des données géophysiques : application à la segmentation". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPL570N.
Texto completo da fonteMasominia, Amir Hossein. "Neuro-inspired computing with excitable microlasers". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASP053.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis presents research on alternative computing systems, with a focus on analog and neuromimetic computing. The pursuit of more general artificial intelligence has underscored limitations in conventional computing units based on Von Neumann architectures, particularly regarding energy efficiency and complexity. Brain-inspired computing architectures and analog computers are key contenders in this field. Among the various proposed methods, photonic spiking systems offer significant advantages in processing and communication speeds, as well as potential energy efficiency. We propose a novel approach to classification and image recognition tasks using an in-house developed micropillar laser as the artificial neuron. The nonlinearity of the spiking micropillar laser, resulting from the internal dynamics of the system, allows for mapping incoming information, optically injected to the micropillar through gain, into higher dimensions. This enables finding linearly separable regions for classification. The micropillar laser exhibits all fundamental properties of a biological neuron, including excitability, refractory period, and summation effect, with sub-nanosecond characteristic timescales. This makes it a strong candidate in spiking systems where the dynamics of the spike itself carries information, as opposed to systems that consider spiking rates only. We designed and studied several systems using the micropillar laser, based on a reservoir computer with a single physical node that emulates a reservoir computer with several nodes, using different dynamical regimes of the microlaser. These systems achieved higher performance in prediction accuracy of the classes compared to systems without the micropillar. Additionally, we introduce a novel system inspired by receptive fields in the visual cortex, capable of classifying a digit dataset entirely online, eliminating the need for a conventional computer in the process. This system was successfully implemented experimentally using a combined fiber and free-space optical setup, opening promising prospects for ultra-fast, hardware based feature selection and classification systems
Godano, Maxime. "Etude théorique sur le calcul des mécanismes au foyer dans un réservoir et application à la sismicité de la saline de Vauvert (Gard)". Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00410768.
Texto completo da fonteL'inversion double-couple et l'inversion du tenseur des moments sont testées sur quatre séismes induits dans le réservoir géothermique de Soultz-sous-Forêts. Les mécanismes obtenus sont en accord avec ceux déterminés par Charléty et al. 2007.
La méthode d'inversion est appliquée à la sismicité de la saline de Vauvert enregistrée par un réseau permanent de deux stations 3-composante. Dans un premier temps, la méthode est testée sur 15 séismes enregistrés durant le déploiement temporaire d'une antenne de quatre capteurs 3-composante. La comparaison entre l'inversion utilisant les deux stations permanentes et l'antenne temporaires et l'inversion utilisant seulement les deux stations permanentes montre des mécanismes au foyer double-couple identiques pour les séismes localisés entre les deux stations permanentes. Dans un deuxième temps, la méthode est appliquée à un essaim de sismicité. Les mécanismes au foyer obtenus pour 532 évènements, indiquent pour la majorité une rupture le long de fractures sub-verticales NE-SW, interprétée comme de probables ruptures sur les plans stratigraphiques des bancs d'insolubles intercalés dans la formation de sel.
Derfoul, Ratiba. "Intégration des données de sismique 4D dans les modèles de réservoir : recalage d'images fondé sur l'élasticité non linéraire". Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00924825.
Texto completo da fonteBenoist, Tristan. "Open quantum systems and quantum stochastic processes". Thesis, Paris, Ecole normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENSU0006/document.
Texto completo da fonteMany quantum physics phenomena can only be understood in the context of open system analysis. For example a measurement apparatus is a macroscopic system in contact with a quantum system. Therefore any experiment model needs to take into account open system behaviors. These behaviors can be complex: the interaction of the system with its environment might modify its properties, the interaction may induce memory effects in the system evolution, ... These dynamics are particularly important when studying quantum optic experiments. We are now able to manipulate individual particles. Understanding and controlling the environment influence is therefore crucial. In this thesis we investigate at a theoretical level some commonly used quantum optic procedures. Before the presentation of our results, we introduce and motivate the Markovian approach to open quantum systems. We present both the usual master equation and quantum stochastic calculus. We then introduce the notion of quantum trajectory for the description of continuous indirect measurements. It is in this context that we present the results obtained during this thesis. First, we study the convergence of non demolition measurements. We show that they reproduce the system wave function collapse. We show that this convergence is exponential with a fixed rate. We bound the mean convergence time. In this context, we obtain the continuous time limit of discrete quantum trajectories using martingale change of measure techniques. Second, we investigate the influence of measurement outcome recording on state preparation using reservoir engineering techniques. We show that measurement outcome recording does not influence the convergence itself. Nevertheless, we find that measurement outcome recording modifies the system behavior before the convergence. We recover an exponential convergence with a rate equivalent to the rate without measurement outcome recording. But we also find a new convergence rate corresponding to an asymptotic stability. This last rate is interpreted as an added non demolition measurement. Hence, the system state converges only after a random time. At this time the convergence can be much faster. We also find a bound on the mean convergence time
Langouët, Hoël. "Optimisation sans dérivées sous contraintes : deux applications industrielles en ingénierie de réservoir et en calibration des moteurs". Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00671987.
Texto completo da fonteParent, Eric. "Élaboration des consignes de gestion des barrages - réservoirs". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1991. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00569481.
Texto completo da fonteBalaven-Clermidy, Sophie. "Génération de maillages hybrides pour la simulation de réservoirs pétroliers". Paris, ENMP, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENMP1027.
Texto completo da fonteAyyad, Marouane. "Le traitement d'information avec des états chimères optiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILR058.
Texto completo da fonteIn Greek mythology, a chimera is a fantastic creature whose body parts belong to different animals.By analogy with this mythology, in physics and more particularly in the study of spatially extended discrete complex systems, these chimera states correspond to the coexistence of two opposing spatio-temporal dynamic behaviors.The coexistence of two domains, one coherent and the other incoherent in a chain of coupled non-linear oscillators is the historical example, like the different parts of the body of a chimera.These spatio-temporal self-organizations have been widely studied theoretically and experimentally.However, few studies have been carried out to explore the links between this type of dynamics and cellular automata.These automata, despite their simplicity, have remarkable dynamic properties and, consequently, represent one of the foundations of information theory.To answer this problem, we considered chimera states obtained in a chain of identical coupled optical resonators.These structures were then the subject of quantitative and qualitative analyzes using the same tools as those used to characterize cellular automata.This allowed us to highlight an elementary cellular automaton type dynamic hidden in the evolution of our chimera states.We were then able to deduce a set of properties in terms of computability, opening perspectives towards potential applications for information processing.Subsequently, we used our optical chimera states in the context of recurrent neural networks.This is a new paradigm, which stands out for its great simplicity, speed and essential efficiency in the processing of information.However, the performance of this machine learning technique depends in particular on the design of the reservoir.Our results show that the implementation of our optical chimeric states instead of 'classic' reservoirs can provide a promising architectural alternative to further improve the speed of information processing
Nosjean, Nicolas. "Management et intégration des risques et incertitudes pour le calcul de volumes de roches et de fluides au sein d’un réservoir, zoom sur quelques techniques clés d’exploration Integrated Post-stack Acoustic Inversion Case Study to Enhance Geological Model Description of Upper Ordovicien Statics : from imaging to interpretation pitfalls and an efficient way to overcome them Improving Upper Ordovician reservoir characterization - an Algerian case study Tracking Fracture Corridors in Tight Gas Reservoirs : An Algerian Case Study Integrated sedimentological case study of glacial Ordovician reservoirs in the Illizi Basin, Algeria A Case Study of a New Time-Depth Conversion Workflow Designed for Optimizing Recovery Proper Systemic Knowledge of Reservoir Volume Uncertainties in Depth Conversion Integration of Fault Location Uncertainty in Time to Depth Conversion Emergence of edge scenarios in uncertainty studies for reservoir trap analysis Enhancing geological model with the use of Spectral Decomposition - A case study of a prolific stratigraphic play in North Viking Graben, Norway Fracture corridor identification through 3D multifocusing to improve well deliverability, an Algerian tight reservoir case study Geological Probability Of Success Assessment for Amplitude-Driven Prospects, A Nile Delta Case Study". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS085.
Texto completo da fonteIn the last 20 years, I have been conducting various research projects focused on the management of risks and uncertainties in the petroleum exploration domain. The various research projects detailed in this thesis are dealing with problematics located throughout the whole Exploration and Production chain, from seismic acquisition and processing, until the optimal exploration to development wells placement. Focus is made on geophysical risks and uncertainties, where these problematics are the most pronounced and paradoxically the less worked in the industry. We can subdivide my research projects into tree main axes, which are following the hydrocarbon exploration process, namely: seismic processing, seismic interpretation thanks to the integration with various well informations, and eventually the analysis and extraction of key uncertainties, which will be the basis for the optimal calculation of in place and recoverable volumes, in addition to the associated risk analysis on a given target structure. The various research projects that are detailed in this thesis have been applied successfully on operational North Africa and North Sea projects. After introducing risks and uncertainty notions, we will detail the exploration process and the key links with these issues. I will then present four major research projects with their theoretical aspects and applied case study on an Algerian asset
Cassou, Cédric. "Modelisation numérique des interactions eau-roche : optimisation du code de calcul diaphore et application à la diagenèse minérale des réservoirs". Paris, ENSAM, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ENAM0014.
Texto completo da fonteOmrani, Abderrazak. "Calcul de modes de ballottement de liquides et de modes hydroélastiques de réservoirs par une méthode d'éléments finis de frontière : application à l'industrie aérospatiale". Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD503.
Texto completo da fonteEl, moussaid Mohammed. "Analyse et intégration des spécificités liées au procédé de fabrication dans les modèles de calcul des structures composites : application à la simulation du comportement mécanique des fonds des réservoirs bobinés". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0059/document.
Texto completo da fonteLes réservoirs en matériaux composites représentent un moyen pourle stockage de l’hydrogène à des pressions de service très élevées. En dépit desnombreux avantages que présentent les réservoirs en composites, le stockage soushaute pression conduit à utiliser de fortes épaisseurs de composites, et lecomportement de ce type de structure reste mal maitrisé. Le procédé d’enroulementfilamentaire induit des variabilités et défauts qui impactent le comportement de lastructure et en particulier le comportement des fonds. De ce fait, il est nécessaired'apprécier ces variabilités dans la modélisation du comportement des réservoirscomposites épais.Ce travail de thèse présente une approche permettant de modéliser le comportementmécanique des réservoirs en prenant en compte les spécificités dues au procédé deréalisation. A ce titre, nos recherches concernent aussi bien l'analyse de structuresque l'aspect simulation numérique
Blaineau, Sylvie. "Les réservoirs calciques dans les cellules musculaires cardiaques et squelettiques au cours du couplage excitation-contraction : étude ultrastructurale, cytochimique, analytique, électrophysiologique". Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10066.
Texto completo da fonteBrazier, Jean-Michel. "Rôle des phases minérales des sols en tant que réservoirs de nutriments : approche expérimentale (abiotique), en milieu naturel et multi-isotopique (isotopes stables Ca-Sr)". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAH005/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis PhD thesis examined the mechanisms of storage and release, from and elementary and isotopically point of view, of calcium (Ca) and strontium (Sr) onto or into mineral phases commonly encountered within soils (primary minerals, clay minerals, oxy-hydroxides, pedogenic carbonate). A robust δ88Sr measurements method had to be developed in the laboratory and validated by the measurement of international reference materials, mostly never measured in the literature. The results of this work show that Ca adsorption onto phyllosilicate minerals generates a quantifiable isotopic fractionation by preferential uptake of the light isotope (40Ca) under our experimental conditions when the minerals have a significant structural charge and specific surface area and/or an interlayer space open to hydrated cations adsorption. A study on rhizoliths in natural environment has also highlighted that the combination of Ca and Sr isotopes allows an effective tracing of sources and mechanisms in the problematic related to the storage of these two elements within soils
Maurer, Olivier. "Étude de la distribution des espèces soufrées et de la formation de l'hydrogène sulfuré dans les stockages de gaz naturel en aquifère". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1992. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00569430.
Texto completo da fonteCorvisier, Jérôme. "Implémentation des phénomènes de germination/mûrissement/croissance des phases solides secondaires dans un modèle de transport-réactif en milieu poreux géologique. Développement du code de calcul ARCHIMEDE". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00102898.
Texto completo da fonteDans le code ARCHIMEDE (développé à l'E.N.S.M-S.E, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, en collaboration avec l'I.F.P, Institut Français du Pétrole), seule la partie géochimie est concernée. Outre quelques difficultés qui empêchaient de traiter les variations de volume occasionnées par les réactions et que nous nous sommes efforcés de résoudre en reprenant l'ensemble du programme, l'objectif principal de ce travail de thèse a été la conception et l'implémentation d'un modèle de germination/mûrissement/croissance pour les minéraux secondaires.
Notre démarche a consisté à analyser précisément l'apparition de nouveaux minéraux dans des assemblages naturels d'où ils sont absents initialement. Quelques simulations numériques ont permis de montrer les limites inhérentes à la représentation, inadaptée, de la précipitation de ce genre de minéraux par croissance cristalline. La mise en avant de ces faiblesses a défini alors le cadre pour un nouveau modèle de précipitation propre aux minéraux secondaires. Une étude détaillée de la phase de germination, à savoir l'apparition des premiers cristaux d'un minéral, a conduit à la construction d'un modèle pour sa cinétique. Par suite, la mise en compétition du processus de germination avec celui de croissance, destiné à prendre plus tard le relais de la production de volume du nouveau solide, a nécessité la prise en charge de cristaux de tailles variées et le recours au mûrissement d'Ostwald, via un calcul parallèle. Il en a résulté un algorithme élaboré pour gérer, pour chaque minéral secondaire, la phase initiale de germination/mûrissement et ensuite le passage à la phase de croissance cristalline. La sensibilité de ce nouveau modèle complet de germination/mûrissement/croissance vis-à-vis des différents paramètres qui le composent a pu être analysée moyennant de nouvelles simulations numériques. Son comportement, en terme d'acuité des prédictions, a également pu être mis à l'épreuve et finalement jugé satisfaisant.