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Sundari, Dewi, Darwin Darwin e Ratna Ratna. "Fermentasi Kopi Arabika (Caffea arabica) Menggunakan Inokulum Feses Luwak". Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 5, n.º 1 (1 de fevereiro de 2020): 451–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v5i1.13707.
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Abstrak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari fermentasi kopi arabika (coffea arabica) dengan menggunakan inokulum feses luwak terhadap kandungan kimia yaitu kadar air, pH, glukosa, kadar kafein dan Total Asam Terlitrasi (TAT), lalu membandingkan dengan kandungan kimia dari kopi yang difermentasi alami pada hewan luwak. Pada penelitian ini terdapat tiga sampel kopi dengan perlakuan yang berbeda yaitu: R1 (Gelondong), R2 (Kulit tanduk), dan R3 (Kulit ari), masing-masing perlakuan dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali ulangan sehingga diperoleh 9 (sembilan) sampel. Sebelum diberikan perlakuan, sampel terlebih dahulu disortasi dari kotoran dan benda – benda asing. Selanjutnya dilakukan fermentasi biji kopi arabika sebanyak ±1000 g menggunakan inokulum feses luwak, difermentasi selama 96 jam dalam wadah toples tertutup. Parameter yang dianalisis adalah kadar air, pH, glukosa, kadar kafein dan Total Asam Terlitrasi (TAT), setelah mendapatkan hasil data diolah dengan menggunakan ANOVA. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan fermentasi dengan menggunakan inokulum feses luwak sangat berpengaruh terhadap karakteristik kimia kopi arabika, dalam penelitian ini dapat dilihat bahwa hasil yang didapat meningkatkan kualitas biji kapi arabika. Fermentasi kopi arabika dengan menggunakkan inokulum feses luwak, yang paling mendekati kualitas biji kopi luwak asli adalah: pH R1-5,81, TAT R1-1,96%, kadar air R2-9,01%, glukosa R3-4,73% dan kafein R3-0,229%. Karakteristik kimia kopi luwak asli adalah sebagai berikut : pH 5,58, TAT 2,05%, kadar air 9,45%, glukosa 9,21% dan kafein 0,69%. Hasil fermentasi menggunakan inokulum feses luwak dibandingkan dengan kopi non fermentasi menunjukkan hasil yang sama seperti hasil perbandingan dengan kopi luwak asli, hanya berbeda pada TAT R2-0,78%. Karakteristik kimia kopi non fermentasi yaitu : pH 5,08, TAT 0,25%, kadar air 8,5-9,5%, glukosa 9,72% dan kafein 0,9-1,2%.(Fermentation of Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica) Using civet Feces inoculum)Abstract. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of arabica coffee Fermentation (arabica coffee) by using civet Feces inoculums on chemical content, which is water content, pH, glucose, caffeine content and Total Titrated Acid (TAT), then making comparisons with the chemical content of fermented coffee natural in civet animals. In this study there were three coffee samples with different treatments, namely: R1 (spindle), R2 (horn skin), and R3 (epidermis), each treatment was carried out as many as 3 replications to obtain 9 (nine) samples. Before being given treatment, the sample is first sorted from dirt and foreign objects. Then fermented arabica coffee beans as much as ± 1000 g using civet feces inoculum, fermented for 96 hours in a closed jar container. The parameters analyzed were water content, pH, glucose, caffeine content and Total Titrated Acid (TAT), after getting the results of the data were processed using ANOVA. The results of this study indicate that the fermentation using civet feces inoculums greatly influenced the chemical characteristics of Arabica coffee, in this study it could be seen that the results obtained improved the quality of Arabica coffee seeds. Fermentation of arabica coffee using civet feses inoculums, the closest to the quality of the original civet coffee beans are: pH R1-5.81, TAT R1-1.96%, water content R2-9.01%, glucose R3-4.73% and caffeine R3-0.222%. The chemical characteristics of the original civet coffee are as follows: pH 5.58, TAT 2.05%, moisture content 9.45%, glucose 9.21% and caffeine 0.69%. The results of fermentation using civet feces inoculum compared with non-fermented coffee showed the same results as the comparison with the original civet coffee, only differing at TAT R2-0.78%. Chemical characteristics of non-fermented coffee are: pH 5.08, TAT 0.25%, moisture content 8.5-9.5%, glucose 9.72% and caffeine 0.9-1.2%.
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Manalu, Ester Megawati Boang, Khairul Saleh e Faoeza Hafiz Saragih. "ANALISIS PEMASARAN KOPI ARABIKA ( Caffea arabica ) (Studikasus: Desa SitinjoII, Kecamatan Sitinjo, Kabupaten Dairi)". Jurnal Agriuma 1, n.º 2 (26 de dezembro de 2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/agr.v1i2.2840.
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<p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><pre>ABSTRACT</pre><pre> Considering the importance of arabica coffee commodity for farmers, a clear picture of arabica coffee marketing channel from producer farmer to final consumer (Merchant) is needed so that the profit can be equally distributed. This study aims to determine the marketing channel, margin, marketing efficiency of arabica coffee in the village of Sitinjo II, Sitinjo Subdistrict, Dairi Regency. The method used is proportionate stratified random sampling as much as 50 farmers while collecting merchant samples taken by census method that is as much as 5 traders and for the factory is taken as many as 2 factories with Purposive sampling method. The results showed that there are two channels of arabica coffee marketing at the location of research that is, the first channel starts from the farmer to the factory in the village Sitinjo II Sitinjo District. The second channel starts from the farmers, the collecting merchant proceeds to the factory in the village of Sitinjo II, Sitinjo Subdistrict. The biggest marketing margin is RP.4.000 found on channel II and the more efficient channel is on channel I with an efficiency value of 7.51%.</pre><p> </p>
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Sathisha, A. D., H. B. Lingaraju e K. Sham Prasad. "Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity of Medicinal Plant Extracts Produced for Commercial Purpose". E-Journal of Chemistry 8, n.º 2 (2011): 882–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/693417.
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The antioxidant potential of some herbal plant extracts (commercial products) was measured using variousin vitroassays. Among the extracts fromCurcuma longa, Caffea arabica, Tribulus terrestris, Bacopa monnieriandTrigonella foenum- graecum, theCurcuma longaand coffee bean extract (Caffea Arabica) showed greater antioxidant activity measured as scavenging of DPPH, superoxide radicals, reducing power and inhibition of microsomal lipid peroxidation.
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Freire, A. Virginia, David A. Liqhtfoot e John E. Preece. "STUDIES ON CAFFEA ARABICA GENETIC TRANSFORMATION". HortScience 28, n.º 5 (maio de 1993): 581f—581. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.5.581f.
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Attempts to transform somatic embryos of Caffea sp. with A.tumefaciens LBA44 04 pBI12l.l failed (C. Coyne and D. Lightfoot unpublished). In order to investigate the possibility of genotype interactions in Agrobacterium transformation of Caffea sp., leaf explants of the coffee cultivar Caturra were inoculated with 4 tumorigenic Agrobacterium strains. Callus formed on both control leaf explants and those inoculated with A. rhizogenes A4. However, callus did not continue autonomous growth when subcultured. The activity of 24 tumorigenic forming Agrobacterium strains was determined by inoculating the stems and leaves of kalanchoë, tomato, and carrot. Positive results were obtained with 14 strains. Three of these strains were genetically transformed by introducing the plasmid pBI121.1. Additional experiments on coffee leaf and internode explants inoculated with the 14 active Agrobacterium strains as well as the 3 transformed strains have been conducted.
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Alharbi, Leen Muteb, e Ali Mustafa Qamar. "Arabic Sentiment Analysis of Eateries’ Reviews Using Deep Learning". Ingénierie des systèmes d information 27, n.º 3 (30 de junho de 2022): 503–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/isi.270318.
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After air and water, food is the third most essential thing for humans to provide energy and development. More and more customers of eateries, including restaurants and cafes, express their opinion or sentiment about quality, ambiance, and facilities. This research performs a sentiment analysis of the eateries’ reviews obtained in Qassim, Saudi Arabia. The reviews are obtained in Arabic, the local language of the region. We apply various models of Long Short-Term Memory, a deep learning technique. The best approach achieved 83% accuracy. Furthermore, we also compared the proposed methods with state-of-the-art machine learning ones, such as support vector machines, nearest neighbor, Naïve Bayes, random forest, and logistic regression. The achieved results are promising.
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Schweickard, Wolfgang. "zucchero caffettino". Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 135, n.º 1 (4 de março de 2019): 279–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2019-0009.
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Abstract Various hypotheses have been put forward to explain the etymology of Old It. (zucchero) caffettino (Jaffa < Yāfā, cafis < qafīz, Caffa = Feodosia, caffa < qafaṣ, Haifa < Ḥayfā, Kafá < ?, coffa < quffa(h)). All these proposals, however, are unsustainable for reasons of cultural-historical and/or semantic, phonetic and morphological incompatibilities. In reality the etymon is the Arabic nisba adjective of the name of the Egyptian city of Qifṭ (qiftī), which in Medieval times was highly renowned for its sugar production. The Arabic equivalent of zucchero caffettino is as-sukkar al-qiftī. The phonomorphological adaptation of caffettino is absolutely regular (anaptyctical e, gemination f > ff, initial ca- < qi-, final –ī > -ino); the original type qiftī is still reflected by the ancient Italian and Romance variants chafethi, cafeti and cafati.
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Rahmawati, Irma, e Yeni Purnamasari. "Effect of Light, Medium, and Dark Roasting on Antioxidant Activity of Gununghalu Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica L.)". International Journal of Business, Economics, and Social Development 5, n.º 1 (29 de fevereiro de 2024): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.46336/ijbesd.v5i1.586.
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Coffee is one of the popular drinks for Indonesian people. Coffee consumption in Indonesia has increased very rapidly. The influence of lifestyle and the increasing number of cafes and coffee shops contribute to the increase in coffee consumers. One downstream processing of coffee beans is roasting coffee beans, which consists of light, medium, and dark roasting. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of Gununghalu Arabica Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) with Light Roasting, Medium Roasting, and Dark Roasting Techniques. This research is an experimental study, where the antioxidant activity analysis was carried out using the DPPH method (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). Gununghalu Arabica coffee with light, medium, and dark roasting techniques positively containing flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids. The results showed that the IC50 value of Gununghalu Arabica coffee for light, medium, and dark roasting was 102.94 ppm, 70.66 ppm, and 87.66 ppm. The test results show that the antioxidant activity of Gununghalu Arabica coffee with light roasting techniques are moderate, while medium and dark roasting techniques are strong. The results of this study are expected to provide implications for the development of coffee processing techniques to have maximum health benefits.
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Schweickard, Wolfgang. "Arabismi latino medievali negli atti notarili genovesi del mar Nero". Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 134, n.º 2 (8 de junho de 2018): 541–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2018-0032.
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AbstractGenoa was involved since the 13th century in the commercial activities in the region around the Black Sea (Caffa, Pera, Kiliya, etc.). Numerous texts of that time written in Latin (especially old notarial records) have survived to our days. As the region was a melting pot of traders and travelers from East and West, the sources also contain some interesting lexical borrowings from Arabic. The present article illustrates this phenomenon on the basis of selected examples from the edition of Gheorghe Ioan Brătianu (Actes des notaires Génois de Péra et de Caffa de la fin du treizième siècle, Bucarest, Cultura naţională, 1927) which so far has not yet been taken into account in linguistic research.
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Al-Jarf, Reima. "To Translate or Not to Translate: The Case of Arabic and Foreign Shop Names in Saudi Arabia". International Journal of Translation and Interpretation Studies 4, n.º 1 (3 de março de 2024): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijtis.2024.4.1.5.
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The translatability of shop names constitutes a problem for translation students. To find out the status of shop name translation in Saudi Arabia, a sample of 271 shop names (clothing, accessories, beauty products, restaurants, cafes… etc.) was collected and analyzed to find out which shop names are translated, which ones are not, and which ones should be translated and to set some guidelines for shop-name translation. Results showed that 24% of the shops have pure Arabic names, 25% have international brand names (Starbucks, Burger King, McDonald’s, Pizza Hut, Monsoon, Zara, Sony); 39% have local English names ( أوبريشن فلافل Operation Falafel, Brand Center براند سنتر, بيبي شوب Baby Shop); and 12% mixed names (Arabic + foreign). Only 6.7% of all shop names are fully translated (العربية للعود Arabian Oud; الركن السويسري Swiss Corner; الشمس والرمال للرياضة Sun & Sand Sports; Seven Degree Café مقهى ٧ درجات); 3,3% are partially translated (Cotton Home قطن هوم; ماما بطاطا Mama Batata; JORI COFFEE الجوري كوفي) and 90% are transliterated using Arabic letters (Bershka بيرشكا , MANGO مانجو, كامايو Camaieu). Many shop names are transliterated, although they are translatable, are difficult to decode as the grapheme sequence does not fit the Arabic graphological system (Dr Nutrition دكتور نيوتريشن & Natural Touch تاتش ناتشرال). It was recommended that Franchised International brand names such as Debenhams & Samsung cannot be translated but transliterated. Some foreign shop names can be fully or partially translated rather than transliterated (Dr Nutrition< دكتور التغذية; Natural Touch< اللمسة الطبيعية; Red Sea Mall< مول البحر الأحمر). The Arabic version is for Arab shoppers who do not know English and the English version is for foreigners. Shop names containing café, chocolate, garden and others can be partially translated (Caribou Café مقهى كاريبو; Atayf Garden حديقة أطياف). French and Italian shop names should be transliterated according to their pronunciation in the source language, not in English (Parfois بارفواه, not بارفويس). The word order in compounds should be correct, and the vowels, diphthongs and consonants should be transcribed accurately. The transliteration should be consistent for all shop branches. Further recommendations are given.
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Sapurah, Nurleli, Trisda Kurniawan e Erida Nurahmi. "Pengaruh Jenis Pupuk Organik Cair Pada Berbagai Konsentrasi Terhadap Pertambahan Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Kopi Arabika (Coffea arabica L.)". Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Pertanian 4, n.º 2 (1 de maio de 2019): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/jimfp.v4i2.11019.
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Abstrak. Kopi merupakan bahan minuman yang memiliki aroma, rasa dan khasiat yang khas biji kopi mengandung kafein, kafein banyak digunakan dalam bentuk obat, makanan dan minuman produksi kopi dipengaruhi oleh teknik budidaya tanaman kopi salah satunya bagian pemupukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis pupuk organik cair pada berbagai konsentrasi terhadap pertambahan pertumbuhan vegetatif kopi arabika. Penelitian ini dilaksanakaan di Kebun Rakyat Desa Keudah Penosan Sepakat Kecamatan Blangjerango Kabupaten Gayo Lues dari bulan April sampai Juni 2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok pola faktorial 2 x 4 dan 3 ulangan, sehingga terdapat 24 satuan percobaan pada hasil uji F yang signifikan dilanjutkan dengan uji Beda Nyata Jujur taraf 5%. Faktor pertama adalah jenis pupuk organik cair dengan 2 taraf yaitu: pupuk organik cair nasa dan pupuk organik cair mol Faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi dengan 4 taraf yaitu, 2, 4, 6, dan 8 cc L-1 air. Parameter yang diamati adalah pertambahan pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman, pertambahan pertumbuhan diameter pangkal batang, pertambahan pertumbuhan panjang cabang Plagiotrop, pertambahan pertumbuhan jumlah daun cabang plagiotrop dan pertambahan pertumbuhan jumlah cabang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis pupuk organik cair nasa berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertambahan pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman umur 90, pertambahan pertumbuhan diameter pangkal batang umur 60 hari dan pertambahan pertumbuhan jumlah cabang plagiotrop umur 90 hari. Konsentrasi berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertambahan pertumbuhan panjang cabang plagiotrop umur 90 hari konsentrasi terbaik yaitu 2 cc L-1 air pada jenis pupuk Mol dan tidak terdapat intraksi nyata. The Effect Type of Liquid Organik Fertilizer at Varius Consentration Vegetative Growth Arabica Caffea (Coffea arabica L.) Abstract.Coffee is a beverage that has the aroma, taste and special quality. Coffee beans contains caffeine, caffeine is widely used as medicine, food and beverages. Coffee production is influenced by coffee cultivation techniques, one of the techniques is fertilization. This study aims to determine the effect of types of liquid organic fertilizer in various concentrations on the increasing of vegetative growth of arabica coffee. This research was carried out at citizenry plantation, Keudah Penosan Sepakat Village, Blangjerango District, Gayo Lues Regency from April to June 2018. This study used a Factorial-Randomized Block Design 2 x 4 and 3 replications and there were 24 experimental units. The results of the significant F test is continued by Honest Real Difference test level of 5%. The first factor was the type of liquid organic fertilizer with 2 treatments : Nasa liquid organic fertilizer and mol liquid organic fertilizer. The second factor was concentration with 4 treatments : 2, 4, 6, and 8 cc L-1 water. The parameters observed were the increase of plant height growth , stem root diameter growth, plagiotropic branch length growth, the number of leaves of plagiotropic branches growth and the number of branches. The results showed that the type of liquid organic fertilizer had a significant effect on the increase of plant height 90 DAP, the increase of stem root diameter growth and the increase of the number of plagiotropic branches 90 DAP. Concentration has a significant effect on the increase of the plagiotropic branch length 90 DAP. The best concentration is 2 cc L-1 water with Mol fertilizer and there was no real intraction.
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Harharah, Abeer, Aya Abudawood, Farah AlWazani, Ghadi Borah e Sarah Oqbi. "Exploring the Emerging Podcast Culture: A Case Study of Podcast Cafe in Saudi Arabia". European Journal of Sustainable Development 13, n.º 1 (1 de fevereiro de 2024): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2024.v13n1p291.
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This research study delves into the burgeoning podcast culture in Saudi Arabia, with a specific focus on Candid Podcast Cafe. As the Kingdom experiences rapid social and cultural transformations, podcasts have emerged as a novel medium for self-expression, information dissemination, and entertainment. This investigation aims to provide an in-depth exploration of the role and impact of Candid Podcast Cafe within this evolving landscape. It outlines a comprehensive strategy for establishing and operating a business in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It encompasses various key aspects, including the company's description, mission, and vision, industry analysis, business analysis (PESTLE), customer analysis, and competitor analysis. Additionally, the study delves into the internal environmental analysis, specifically focusing on the marketing mix, and concludes with a thorough SWOT analysis, followed by a well-considered conclusion and recommendations.
Keywords: Business Strategy; Growth Prospects; Market Research; Market Mix; PESTLE Analysis; Saudi Arabia Business Environment
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Sulfinadia, Hamda, Eli Suryani, Jurna Petri Roszi, Elkhairati Elkhairati e Abrian Tanjung. "Shifting Cafe and Culinary Marketing Strategy in West Sumatra Islamic Business Ethics Perspective". AL-FALAH : Journal of Islamic Economics 7, n.º 2 (28 de novembro de 2022): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.29240/alfalah.v7i2.4445.
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Purpose: This paper is to find out the shift in the marketing strategy of cafes and culinary delights in West Sumatra from the perspective of Islamic business ethics. Basically the naming of cafes and culinary in this area uses the names of people, names of plants, describes the comfort of a place, and uses Arabic terms. However, since 2018 the naming of cafes and culinary delights has instead used terms that are unusual and tend to be scary, such as Mie Hell, Mie Power Hell, Mie Lightning, Mie Judes Neraka and the like. It turns out that these cafes and culinary delights are in demand by young people, so they are booming. This gives the impression that hell and lightning becomes the menu of food consumed. However, the behavior of traders has been regulated in Islam which is summarized in Islamic business ethics which includes monotheism, justice, balance, responsibility and freedom.Design/Method/Approach: This study uses a qualitative method with a descriptive analysis approach. This method is used to describe the shift in the marketing strategy of cafes and culinary that has a negative nuance in West Sumatra. The data sources come from culinary producers, consumers, and the management of the MUI West Sumatra. Data processing is done by code data, tell data, identify data and generalize data. All data obtained by using triangulation with data sources. The next step is to analyze the naming of cafes and culinary that are not common in West Sumatra by using the theory of Islamic business ethics and the results of the West Sumatra MUI Coordination Meeting, so as to obtain conclusions.Findings: First, the factors that cause West Sumatran cafe and culinary owners to choose unusual names are: 1. Showing product characteristics, spicy flavors are displayed with scary and unusual names; 2. Tight business competition triggers culinary owners to be creative by giving unique and unusual names; 3. Unique and unusual names in cafes and culinary delights make consumers curious, then visit and buy their products. Second, the perception of consumers and the people of West Sumatra on the unusual naming of cafes and culinary delights can be divided into 3, namely agree, disagree, disagree and uncomfortable with the unusual naming of cafes and culinary, and the name must be exchanged with another name that is more Third, a review of Islamic business ethics on naming cafes and culinary delights that choose names that are not common in West Sumatra can be divided into 2 groups: 1) The terms used are clearly contrary to the Shari'ah, namely hell, devil, devil, dajal; 2) Naming cafes and restaurants that use names related to ethical violations such as: Mie Padeh Maut, Mie Baro, Mie Caruik, Bakso Pentol Maut, Mie Pedas Maut, Spicy Sopan'Stek, Mie Padeh Gilo, Mie Pelakor, Mie Padeh Gilo, Mie Judes, Lightning Noodles, and the like. Mie Tapakiek, and the like. Islamic business ethics that are violated are the principles of monotheism, justice, balance in the world and the hereafter and the principle of accountability.Originality/Values: The main research contribution is related to the marketing strategy of cafes and culinary arts using unusual names in West Sumatra.
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Ruhyana, Nugrahana Fitria, Mardianis Mardianis, Herlina Roseline e Sekar Nur Wulandari. "Value Chain and Competitiveness of Manglayang Timur Java Preanger Arabica Coffee". Jurnal Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Publik 13, n.º 1 (18 de julho de 2022): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22212/jekp.v13i1.1932.
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To improve the competitiveness and business efficiency of Java Preanger Arabica Coffee (JPAC) from Mount Manglayang Timur, Sumedang Regency, West Java, information is needed regarding the coffee products flow from upstream to downstream, along with the problems faced by each component of the supply chains, the added value of coffee processing, and follow-up plan to develop the JPAC Manglayang Timur business. This study aimed to answer those questions. The research used a mixed-method, a descriptive approach to describe the coffee supply chains and developing plans, and the Hayami method to analyze the coffee value-added. This study was conducted in Sumedang Regency, the production center of JPAC Manglayang Timur. The researcher collected data from interviews, observation, and Focus Group Discussions with resource persons selected by purposive and snowball methods. The results showed 2 (two) JPAC supply chain patterns based on market orientation, namely exports and domestics. Business actors consisted of farmers, farmer groups, large traders/wholesalers, processing industries, cafes or coffee shops, and household consumers. The issues faced by the business actors were the limitations of agro-input and processing equipment, and the lack of marketing integration among business actors. Specialty coffee processed from JPAC Manglayang Timur, specifically the wine processed, has higher value-added than natural, fully-washed, and honey processed coffee. The capacity of coffee farmers needs to be improved o produce specialty coffee that can compete globally through the support of government regulations and synergy between stakeholders from upstream to downstream so that JPAC can become a superior commodity for Sumedang Regency.Keywords: supply chain, value-added, Java Preanger Arabica Coffee, Mountain Manglayang TimurAbstrakDalam upaya meningkatkan daya saing dan efisiensi usaha Kopi Arabika Java Preanger (KAJP) asal Gunung Manglayang Timur Kabupaten Sumedang, Jawa Barat, diperlukan informasi mengenai aliran produk dari hulu hingga hilir, berikut permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh setiap pelaku dalam rantai pasok, nilai tambah dari pengolahan kopi, dan rencana selanjutnya untuk mengembangkan usaha KAJP Manglayang Timur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab berbagai permasalahan tersebut di atas. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode campuran dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif untuk menggambarkan rantai pasok dan rencana pengembangan usaha, serta metode Hayami digunakan untuk analisis nilai tambah. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Sumedang sebagai sentra produksi KAJP Manglayang Timur. Peneliti mengumpulkan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan Focus Group Discussion dengan narasumber yang dipilih secara purposive dan snowball. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat dua pola rantai pasok KAJP berdasarkan orientasi pasarnya, yaitu ekspor dan domestik. Pelaku usaha terdiri dari petani, kelompok tani, pedagang besar, industri pengolahan, kafe atau kedai kopi, dan konsumen rumah tangga. Permasalahan yang dihadapi pelaku usaha adalah keterbatasan agro input dan alat pengolahan, serta minimnya integrasi pemasaran antarpelaku usaha dalam rantai pasok. Kopi spesial yang diolah dari KAJP Manglayang Timur, khususnya yang diproses secara fermentasi, dapat memberikan nilai tambah lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan proses pengolahan secara kering, basah, dan madu. Kapasitas petani kopi perlu terus ditingkatkan agar menghasilkan kopi spesial yang mampu bersaing di pasar global melalui dukungan regulasi pemerintah dan sinergi antar pemangku kepentingan dari hulu hingga hilir sehingga KAJP dapat menjadi komoditas unggulan Kabupaten Sumedang.Kata kunci: rantai pasok, nilai tambah, Kopi Arabika Java Preanger, Gunung Manglayang Timur
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Jalan, Akanksha. "When the beans got spilled: the tragic case of cafe coffee day". Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 11, n.º 3 (16 de agosto de 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-05-2020-0180.
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Learning outcomes The learning outcomes of this paper are as follows: to understand the language of accounting, to interpret financial statements to understand beyond what’s reported and to predict the financial health of a company before it is too late. Case overview/synopsis The case revolves around the Indian coffee retail giant - Café Coffee Day (hereafter, CCD). Coffee Day Global Limited of which CCD is a part, is the largest producer of Arabica beans in India. The case goes on to discuss the life and profile of VG Siddhartha (hereafter, VGS), whose leadership and farsightedness made coffee a household name in India, traditionally a tea-drinking country. Within just a year or two after its Initial Public Offering in November 2015, the company’s financial and legal troubles began to surface. The worst blow came when VGS, the 60-year-old founder and CEO committed suicide on July 29, 2019. His group’s mounting debt and impending doom had propelled him to take his own life. Today, the future of CCD remains hanging in the balance, with creditors ready and willing to take the firm into bankruptcy. Complexity academic level Under-graduates and above. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 1: Accounting and Finance.
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Manurung, Ria. "SISTEM INFORMASI PEMASARAN PRODUK KOPI ARABIKA GUNUNGMALANG BERBASIS ANDROID". Jurnal Keuangan dan Bisnis 19, n.º 1 (12 de março de 2021): 114–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32524/jkb.v19i1.154.
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KSM Galuh Lestari is a group of coffee farmers in Gunung Malang village, Karangreja sub-district that has main activities of processing coffee into a product and marketing the product. As the location of the village is in a mountainous area with an altitude of 1400-1700 meters above sea level, the suitable coffee plant to thrive is the Arabica coffee variety. The products produced by KSM Galuh Lestari have various variants, namely green beans, roast beans, and coffee beans which are already in the form of coffee powder. Meanwhile, in terms of processing Arabica coffee beans, KSM Galuh Lestari has several types of processes, namely Natural, Full Wash Process, Honey, and Wine. KSM Galuh Lestari sold the product samples to cafes and distributors around Purbalingga Regency, marketed them individually, or displayed them in the basecamp. However, it was eventually considered less effective and efficient. The delivery cost was generally higher than the received feedback. This condition influenced both the customer and the administration system. It caused the system improperly managed. The purpose of this research is to build an information system that facilitates KSM Galuh Lestari to distribute Gunung Malang’s coffee products to all customers easily and ease the load of KSM in recording administration by using the SDLC Prototype method. The researchers used Android for this system because it is a popular platform in the community and it doesn’t take hard work to use it.
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Sguarezi, C. N., A. L. Braccini, C. A. Scapim, M. C. L. Braccini e V. A. Dalpasquale. "Avaliação de tratamentos pré-germinativos para melhorar o desempenho de sementes de café (Caffea arabica L.). I. Condicionamento osmótico". Revista Brasileira de Sementes 23, n.º 2 (30 de dezembro de 2001): 152–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17801/0101-3122/rbs.v23n2p152-161.
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López-Gómez, Pablo, Leobardo Iracheta-Donjuan, Marbella Castellanos-Juárez, Ismael Méndez-López, Juan Francisco Aguirre-Medina, Juan Francisco Aguirre-Medina, Adriana Gutiérrez-Díez, Ma Del Carmen Ojeda-Zacarías e Bernardito Ribai Pérez-Pérez. "VARIACIÓN EN LA TOLERANCIA A DESINFECTANTES DE GENOTIPOS ÉLITE DE Coffea spp. CULTIVADOS in vitro". Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas 2, n.º 5 (9 de outubro de 2018): 645–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v2i5.1615.
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La embriogénesis somática puede ser afectada por la oxidación de los explantes al aplicar un método común de desinfección. En el Campo Experimental Rosario Izapa en 2006, se determinó la tolerancia a desinfectantes de explantes foliares de genotipos de café, mediante la dosis letal media (DL50) y con base en la tolerancia, se definió el desinfectante óptimo para el establecimiento aséptico. La DL50 de hipoclorito de sodio (NaClO), de hipoclorito de calcio (Ca[ClO]2) y la combinación de ambos, en explantes foliares de genotipos de Coffea canephora P. (INIFAP 95-8, 95-9, 97-10, 97-12, 97-15, 97-18, 97-19, 97-20, 00-24 y 00-28) y genotipos de C. arabica L. (INIFAP 2000-1018, 2000-1128 y 2000-692), se determinó mediante la aplicación de ocho concentraciones de NaClO (0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5%), ocho concentraciones de Ca(ClO)2 (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 y 10%) y la combinación. Con base en la tolerancia se aplicaron tratamientos de desinfección: 1, 3 y 6% de NaClO, 3.5, 7 y 10.5% de Ca(ClO)2 y la combinación testigo de 3 y 7% de NaClO y Ca(ClO)2, respectivamente. Existió variabilidad en la tolerancia, puesto que la DL50 varió dependiendo del genotipo y el agente desinfectante. La mayoría de los genotipos fueron menos tolerantes al NaClO (DL50 de 2 a 4%); no obstante, el NaClO controló la contaminación y oxidación en dosis bajas (1 y 3%). El NaClO y el Ca(ClO)2 en bajas concentraciones de hasta 2 y 3.5% respectivamente, son una opción para la desinfección de explantes de café que pueden garantizar un estado fisiológico adecuado para dar inicio a la embriogénesis.
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Pérez-Hernández, Lucía Margarita, Karla Chávez-Quiroz, Luis Ángel Medina-Juárez e Nohemí Gámez Meza. "COMPUESTOS FENÓLICOS, MELANOIDINAS Y ACTIVIDAD ANTIOXIDANTE DE CAFE VERDE Y PROCESADO DE LAS ESPECIES Coffea arabica Y Coffea canephora". BIOtecnia 15, n.º 1 (30 de abril de 2013): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18633/bt.v15i1.136.
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Sadeghian Kh, Siavosh. "Caracterización de la fertilidad del suelo en monocultivos de cafe (Coffea Arabica) y bajo sombrio de guamo (Inga ssp)". Colombia Forestal 9, n.º 18 (30 de novembro de 2004): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14483/udistrital.jour.colomb.for.2005.1.a07.
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Silva, Fábio Moreira da, Marcelo de Carvalho Alves, Júlio César Silva Souza e Marcelo Silva de Oliveira. "Efeitos da colheita manual na bienalidade do cafeeiro em Ijaci, Minas Gerais". Ciência e Agrotecnologia 34, n.º 3 (junho de 2010): 625–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542010000300014.
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Analisou-se, neste trabalho, a relação entre a produtividade e a desfolha do cafeeiro durante o processo de colheita manual nas safras agrícolas de 2005, 2006 e 2007. O experimento foi desenvolvido na fazenda Cafua, localizada no município de Ijaci, sul de Minas Gerais, em uma área de 6,5ha de lavoura de cafeeiro (Coffea arabica L.) da variedade cultivada Catuaí Vermelho IAC-99. Foi demarcada na área uma malha irregular na distância de 25x25 e 50x50m, num total de 67 pontos amostrais, nos quais foram avaliados a produção de café (L.planta-1) obtida por meio da colheita no pano e a desfolha das plantas, quantificada com base no peso de folhas (kg. planta-1) após a colheita manual. Procedeu-se a análise de correlação de Pearson para verificar a relação linear entre a produtividade e a desfolha nos diferentes períodos avaliados. A dependência espacial dos dados também foi analisada por meio de ajustes de semivariogramas e interpolação por krigagem. Constatou-se que a colheita manual desfolhou mais em locais de maior produtividade, e apresentou redução da produtividade de café na lavoura no ano subsequente, pelo aumento da desfolha em plantas de maior produtividade e consequente redução da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa interceptada pelo dossel dessas plantas, ocasionando bienalidade da produção.
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Chaparro Granados, Lilian Astrith, Chirley Daly Gordillo Benavides, Lucia Fernanda Luna Larrota e Juan Sebastian Marín Suarez. "Conductancia estomática, diversidad florística y mesofauna edáfica en un bosque y sistema agroforestal, Hacienda Majavita". Innovando En La U, n.º 12 (10 de julho de 2023): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18041/2216-1236/innovando.12.2020.10456.
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En la Hacienda Majavita se encuentran las coberturas de bosque (conformado por vegetación secundaria baja según CORINE Land Cover (IDEAM, 2010) y sistema agroforestal (árboles con café), en las cuales se desconoce el estado de la diversidad florı́stica, conductancia estomática y mesofauna edáfica en época de lluvia. Para esta investigación, se implementó un diseño experimental de dos factores para cada una de las variables estudiadas. El análisis ANOVA, reveló con un 99% de confianza diferencias significativas entre la 2 conductancia estomática del bosque (192,6 mmol/m s) 2 y sistema agroforestal (299,0 mmol/m s), siendo ésta última la mayor. La conductancia estomática de las especies en orden descendente fue, Cedrela odorata L., Inga edulis Mart, Coffea arabica, Inga vera subsp. spuria (Willd)J. Leon, Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam, Nectandra turbacensis (Kunth) Nees (sistema agroforestal), Nectandra turbacensis (Kunth) Nees (del Bosque) y Anacardium excelsum (Bertero ex Kunth) Skeels. Los ı́ndices de diversidad Shannon-Weaver, Simpson, McIntosh, Bulla y Kempton, indicaron mayor diversidad, distribución y menor dominancia florıś tica en el sistema agroforestal; en esta cobertura se evidenció más variedad de organismos edáficos, los cuales conforman los grupos; quilópodos, oligoquetas, isópteras y coleóptera; a diferencia del bosque donde sólo se encontróel grupo quilópodo.
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Vásquez, Edison, e Nohely del Cisne Espinosa-Palacios. "Efecto del nitrógeno bien expresado en la fase inicial del cultivo de café (Coffea arabica L.) en “La Argelia” del cantón Loja". Bosques Latitud Cero 13, n.º 2 (9 de julho de 2023): 104–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54753/blc.v13i2.1867.
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En la actualidad debido al incremento de contaminación que existe por el uso de fertilizantes químicos y la degradación continua de los sistemas productivos se requiere de la utilización de alternativas amigables con el ambiente; azolla es un helecho acuático capaz de fijar nitrógeno del aire en simbiosis con la cianobacteria anabaena; además, constituye un valioso biofertilizante para la producción de cultivos. Con el objetivo de medir el efecto del nitrógeno bien expresado en la fase inicial del cultivo de café se utilizó un diseño experimental de bloques al azar con tres réplicas y cinco tratamientos (Testigo, Fertilizante convencional urea, aplicación foliar con NitrAgua, riego con NitrAgua y biomasa de azolla). Los mayores resultados se obtuvieron con la aplicación de biomasa de azolla, con incrementos durante los cinco meses de 19,3 cm para la altura de planta, 3,2 mm para el diámetro de tallo, 66 g para el peso de la cereza de café, 11, 19, 72 para el número de ramas, hojas y frutos respectivamente; azolla evidenció ser un biofertilizante eficaz mediante el aporte de nitrógeno bien expresado en el cultivo de café (Coffea arabica L.). La aplicación de Azolla filiculoides como biofertilizante, es una alternativa para mejorar las propiedades físico-químicas del suelo, lograr una buena producción y calidad del grano, por ser de fácil descomposición y con alto contenido de nitrógeno disponible.
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El-Nabi, Sobhy Hassab, Gouda T. M. Dawoud, Islam El-Garawani e Samraa El-Shafey. "HPLC Analysis of Phenolic Acids, Antioxidant Activity and in vitro Effectiveness of Green and Roasted Caffea arabica Bean Extracts: A Comparative Study". Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 18, n.º 9 (3 de janeiro de 2019): 1281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871520618666180124121927.
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Background: Coffee is a popular drink; it is one of the most commercialized food products and a rich source of biologically active compounds that are important for human health. Aims: This study aimed to prove the anticancer activity of Green Coffee (GC) and Roasted Coffee (RC) bean aqueous extracts (Coffea arabica) on breast cancer adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7) and the safety of both extracts on normal Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes culture (HPBL). Methods: Total phenolic content for GC and RC extracts was measured and result of both extracts were (0.308±0.016 & 0.233±0.013mg/g) respectively. The phenolic acids were screened by HPLC at the wavelength of 254& 278 and 300 nm and 5-caffeoylquinic acids (Chlorogenic acid), the predominant form of phenolic acids, was identified in GC and RC samples. Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) as well as the free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) proved the antioxidant properties of both extracts. The DPPH IC50 mean values of GC and RC extracts were (2.4±0.08, 2.3±0.16 µg/ml) respectively. Cytotoxicity of both extracts on MCF-7 cells were evaluated by neutral red uptake assay which showed the IC50 mean values (377±5.7,500±8.1 µg/ml) for GC and RC extracts respectively. The safety of both extracts (0, 125, 250, 500 µg/ml) on HPBL was evaluated in vitro using trypan blue exclusion method and DNA single strand breaks (alkaline comet assay). Results: Result revealed non-significant cytotoxic difference (P<0.001) between cultures especially at lower doses of GC and RC extracts except the highest dose of GC and RC extract which showed slightly significant damage (P<0.001). Conclusion: This study proved that GC and RC aqueous extracts were found to be selectively cytotoxic in vitro to cancerous cells (MCF-7 cell line) causing cell death with no cytotoxicity on normal human lymphocytes especially at lower doses.
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Tobaiqy, Mansour, Andrew MacLure, Dennis Thomas e Katie MacLure. "The Impact of COVID-19 on Smoking Behaviours and Support for Smoke-Free Zones in Saudi Arabia". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n.º 13 (28 de junho de 2021): 6927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136927.
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This article focuses on the impact of COVID-19 on smoking and smoking cessation behaviours and support for smoke-free zones in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A pre-tested structured survey was distributed by email in October–November 2020 to students and staff at the University of Jeddah. Responses were analysed using descriptive statistics with summative content analysis of open text. Participants providing open text comments (n = 374/666; 56.4%) were non-smokers (n = 293; 78.3%), former smokers (n = 26; 7.0%) and current smokers (n = 55; 14.7%). Some had household members (n = 220; 58.8%) and friends who smoke (n = 198; 52.9%) plus daily exposure to secondhand smoke at home (n = 125; 33.4%). There was an awareness during COVID-19 of: smoking inside cafes/restaurants and other indoor and outdoor public places; exposure to warnings in the media both against and promoting smoking; widespread support for smoke-free zones. Smokers plans for accessing smoking cessation support are inconsistent with retrospective reports. Many express positivity highlighting reductions in smoking but there were also negative reports of increased smoking. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected every aspect of society worldwide. People have been at home more with restricted freedom of movement and limitations on social liberty. These individual accounts can help to focus evidence-based smoking prevention and cessation programmes during and post-COVID-19.
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Musain Musli @ Thomas, Najwa, e Jabil Mapjabil. "PRODUCTION CHARACTERISTICS AND VARIATION OF COFFEE-BASED AGRITOURISM PRODUCTS IN TENOM, SABAH". International Journal of Modern Trends in Social Sciences 3, n.º 14 (9 de dezembro de 2020): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijmtss.3140012.
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Tenom town is synonymous with coffee products for which it became one of Sabah's most popular agritourism destinations. However, the specialty of the Tenom coffee product that has attracted a lot of visitors is unknown. Therefore, research on the production characteristics and variation of these products based on coffee agritourism is relevant and worth investigating, in order to understand the specialties of the products and the types of products they offer. Specifically, this study aimed to identify the production characteristics and variation of coffee agritourism products in the Tenom district of Sabah. This study applied qualitative methods by interviewing factory supervisor in the Fatt Choi coffee industry. The theory of the definition of agritourism is applied to determine the definition of agritourism of Tenom coffee based on the attractions offered. The findings show that coffee production is based on the warm climate in the Tenom area. The Robusta and Arabica coffee varieties are coffee that suits the region. The coffee industry also produces a variety of coffee flavors. In addition to producing beverage products, Tenom coffee agro-tourism has created other attractions such as cafes, coffee farms, cabins, and cottages. In conclusion, Tenom coffee agritourism has the potential to grow to promote it as a competitive agritourism destination that can increase income while also benefiting the local community.
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Kopanski, Ataullah Bogdan. "A BRIEF HISTORY OF CAFFEA ARABICA IN THE DAR-UL-ISLAM AND CHRISTIAN EUROPE: A HERITAGE OF ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO THE MODERN LIFESTYLE". TAFHIM : IKIM Journal of Islam and the Contemporary World 2, n.º 1 (30 de setembro de 2015): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.56389/tafhim.vol2no1.3.
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For Westerners coffee is only three hundred years old, but in the Muslim East it was widespread as a refreshment, in every level of society, since the Prophet Muhammad's (saw) Mission. The first definite dates of the plantation and consumption of coffee in Arabia go back to the years of the Coptic viceroy Abraha, who invaded and occupied Yemen. His army failed to capture Makkah and was miraculously destroyed in the year of the Prophet's birth (570 CE). In the year 1000 CE, Ibn Sina (referred to in the Latin West as Avicenna) recommended coffee as a medicine which "fortifies limbs, cleans the skin, dries up humidity that are under it and suppresses bad odor of human body".
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Adrinoviarini, Adrinoviarini, Shinta Widyaningtyas, Ririn Fatma Nanda e Sofyan Hariyadi. "Strategi Pemasaran Coffeeshop Boy’s Selama Pandemi Covid-19 dengan Menggunakan Analisis SWOT". Jurnal Social Economic of Agriculture 11, n.º 1 (24 de junho de 2022): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/j.sea.v11i1.56472.
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Coffeeshop Boy's is one of the cafes that has survived the Large-Scale Social Restrictions (LSSR) and Enforcement of Restrictions on Community Activities (ERCA) policies during the pandemic. The power of investors and the quality of coffee are the reasons the Coffeeshop Boy's stay afloat. Coffee is a refreshing ingredient that comes from annual plantations. In Indonesia, farmers cultivate Robusta coffee and Arabica coffee, the difference between these two types of coffee can certainly be known from the taste. This research uses the descriptive qualitative method. Coffeeshop Boy's was originally a bottled coffee company that later turned into a home cafe. The LSSR and ERCA policies make this business must implement the right marketing strategy with the SWOT analysis method to find out the appropriate marketing strategy for this business in maintaining its business in the midst of a pandemic. The results of the SWOT analysis have shown that the total score of the IFAS matrix for strength items is 3.956 while for weakness items are 1.678. The results of the SWOT analysis have shown that the total score of the EFAS matrix for opportunity items is 3.241 while for threats items are 3.359. Based on the coordinates of the IFAS and EFAS matrices, Coffeeshop boy's is in quadrant 2 (ST Strategy) with a product diversification strategy. This has shown that Coffeeshop boy's can face the various threats that exist by taking advantage of the strengths they have. The ST strategy that needs to be implemented is to create new product innovations, provide special offers for new consumers, consumers who are having birthdays, or booking meetings, extend operational time, and create events to strengthen Coffeeshop Boy's branding.
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Vargas-Zamora, José, e Jorge Gómez-Laurito. "Algunas plantas en billetes, boletos de café y cafetales de Costa Rica (1836 – 2004)". Lankesteriana 5, n.º 2 (24 de junho de 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/lank.v5i2.19806.
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Los billetes bancarios y los boletos de café de Costa Rica incluyen ilustraciones de varias plantas. La hoja del acanto (Acanthus sp.) es utilizada como ornamentación en muchos billetes desde mediados del siglo XIX hasta finales del siglo XX. La ilustración botánica más conocida es la orquídea Guarianthe skinneri, flor nacional de Costa Rica, incluida en el anverso de los billetes de 5 colones emitidos de 1968 a 1992. El grabado más común desde 1935 en las monedas es la rama (bandola) del café (Coffea arabica) con frutos. Los boletos de café, en uso en Costa Rica desde la mitad del siglo XIX, incluyen varias formas de representar al arbusto del cafeto. También se utilizaron boletos con ilustraciones de varias especies de otras plantas, como el mirto (Myrtus communis). La industria cafetalera en Costa Rica tuvo sus inicios en 1840 con las primeras exportaciones y se convirtió en el principal cultivo del país. En este trabajo citamos los nombres de algunas plantas asociadas a la actividad cafetalera, incluyendo algunas malezas, árboles utiliza- dos para definir los límites de los cafetales y para sombra, así como algunas fibras vegetales utilizadas en la elaboración de los canastos para recoger el fruto maduro.
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García-González, Alfredo, Anne Damon, Ligia Esparza Olguín e Javier Valle-Mora. "Population structure of Oncidium poikilostalix (Orchidaceae), in coffee plantations in Soconusco, Chiapas, México". Lankesteriana 11, n.º 1 (28 de abril de 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/lank.v11i1.18312.
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Se estudió la estructura poblacional de la orquídea epífita Oncidium poikilostalix (Kraenzl.) M.W. Chase & N.H. Williams (Orchidaceae), nuevo reporte para México en 2008, en la región del Soconusco, Estado de Chiapas, al sureste del país. Crece en plantaciones de café de sombra en dos comunidades rurales, Fracción Montecristo (FM) y Benito Juárez El Plan (BJ). En 2008-2009, se determinaron las características de estas plantaciones de café, y la distribución de los distintos estadíos de vida (plántulas, juveniles, adultos) de esta orquídea, en los dos forofitos encontrados: plantas de café (Coffea arabica L.) y árboles de sombra (Inga micheliana Harms.). Se utilizó Análisis de Componentes Principales y Análisis Discriminante, para comparar todas las variables evaluadas. Hubo 1.123 individuos (82,63%) de O. poikilostalix en FM y 236 (17,37%) en BJ. De ellos, creciendo sobre cafetos, 1.060 individuos (94,4%) en FM y 214 (91,06%) en BJ, el resto ocupando árboles de sombra (I. micheliana). A pesar de mostrar las características de una epífita de ramilla, el mayor número de ejemplares de O. poikilostalix se contabilizó en los cafetos, en el micrositio ramas, con 703 individuos (55,18%) y en el tronco, en los árboles de sombra, con 78 individuos (91,76%). Más de un tercio de la población fueron individuos juveniles (504 individuos, 37,09%). Oncidium poikilostalix probablemente entró a México desde Guatemala y parece ser una planta vigorosa, que se está adaptando con éxito a sus nuevos sitios de ocupación.
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Villalta-Villalobos, Jimmy, e Andrés Gatica-Arias. "Una mirada en el tiempo: mejoramiento genético de café mediante la aplicación de la biotecnología". Agronomía Mesoamericana, 1 de maio de 2019, 577–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/am.v30i2.34173.
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Introducción. El café (Coffea spp) es uno de los cultivos más importantes a nivel mundial y provee sustento económico a millones de personas en países en vías de desarrollo. Existen más de las 130 especies del género Coffea, pero solo tres son cultivadas comercialmente: Coffea arabica L. (2n=4x=44), Coffea canephora P. (2n=2x=22) y Coffea liberica Bull. (2n=2x=22). Las cuales presentan limitantes para su mejoramiento genético a través de programas convencionales por su carácter perenne y diferencias de nivel de ploidía e incompatibilidad. Además, existen características de importancia como resistencia a plagas o patógenos, que no se encuentran presentes en el germoplasma disponible. Técnicas de ingeniería genética se han utilizado para solventar esta barrera y se han generadoavances significativos durante las últimas décadas. Objetivo. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue proporcionar un panorama de las metodologías y avances en mejoramiento genético a través del tiempo que se han realizado en café,y finaliza con perspectivas sobre el uso de nuevas tecnologías que han surgido en los últimos años. Desarrollo. Elmejoramiento inició con la selección por cruces y retrocruces interespecíficos, para pasar a la selección asistida pormarcadores moleculares. Posteriormente, el cultivo y fusión de protoplastos fue reportado, con el inconveniente en su proceso de regeneración. La ingeniería genética por medio de las técnicas físicas (electroporación y biobalística) y biológicas (A. tumefaciens y A. rhizogenes), ayudó a sobrepasar las limitantes de regeneración, aunque los procesosde optimización aún son laboriosos, por lo que, nuevas tecnologías de edición de genomas como CRISPR-Cas9,pueden solucionar problemas de tiempo y trabajo en el laboratorio para el cultivo. Conclusión. El mejoramiento del café inició hace tres décadas y ha progresado principalmente desde el inicio de las tecnologías transgénicas, y con lasnuevas técnicas de modificación específica de genes, el cultivo se beneficiará en los próximos años.
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Vargas-Zamora, José. "Botánica y numismática: las plantas en las monedas de Costa Rica (1709-2004)". Lankesteriana 4, n.º 2 (28 de outubro de 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/lank.v4i2.21618.
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<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Las monedas de Costa Rica incluyen una variedad de ilustraciones de plantas, desde una palmera (</span><span>Attalea rostrata </span><span>?) en la primera moneda de oro conocida (1825), hasta un alga marina (</span><span>Caulerpa prolifera </span><span>?) en una pieza conmemorativa de 1974. Las semillas del cacao (</span><span>Theobroma cacao</span><span>) fueron uti- lizadas legalmente desde 1709 como moneda. El árbol nacional (</span><span>Enterolobium cyclocarpum</span><span>), y la flor nacional (</span><span>Guarianthe skinneri</span><span>), una orquídea, fueron ambas representadas en monedas conmemorativas de 1975 y la orquídea nuevamente en una pieza de plata de 1983. El café (</span><span>Coffea arabica</span><span>) y el tabaco (</span><span>Nicotiana tabacum</span><span>), están representadas como plantas completas en monedas de 1842 y 1847-1850, respectivamente. Las ramas de café han sido ilustradas en la mayoría de las monedas a partir de 1935. El árbol del algodón sedoso (</span><span>Ceiba pentandra</span><span>) y una especie siempre verde de encina (</span><span>Quercus sp </span><span>?) han sido grabadas en piezas de mediados del siglo XIX. Ilustraciones similares al mirto (</span><span>Myrtus communis</span><span>) y a una especie desconocida de palma, fueron incluidas en coronas en las monedas desde 1842. El laurel (</span><span>Laurus nobilis</span><span>) es mencionado en decretos desde 1863. Sin embargo, diseños más similares a </span><span>M. communis </span><span>que a </span><span>L. nobilis </span><span>fueron incluidos en monedas de oro y plata.</span></p></div></div></div>
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BEZCİ, Ramazan. "ARAB GRAMMAR CURRENTS AND PROCESSES IN BAGHDAD". Marife Dini Araştırmalar Dergisi, 22 de junho de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33420/marife.1103948.
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The history of Baghdad dates back to the Babylonians, and during the Islamic State period, various fairs were held in the region, which was at the crossroads of caravan routes. Until the Omer period, this region continued to exist as a tribute region. The region gained a different position with Ömer turning it into a foundation land. This small town attracted the attention of Abbasid Caliph Abu Cafer al-Mansûr (d. 158/775) with its climatic beauty as well as its geopolitical and commercial importance. He rebuilt this town in 145/762 and made it the capital of the Abbasid State.
The Abbasid Caliphs, who wanted Baghdad to be a center of science, tried to bring scholars from all branches of science to Baghdad. The caliphs, like other branches of science, gave importance to the Arabic language, especially they invited the scholars of Kufa, whom they saw close and compatible with them, to Baghdad. Kisai was also invited to Baghdad, and thus the Kufe nahiv school began to settle in Baghdad, which was the center of the Abbasids. By completing the formation of the Kufe school in the hands of Kisai, he is experiencing the process of taking his place in the history of syntax as a unique syntax method.
The efforts of Sîbeveyh to bring the Basra school to Baghdad made a dispute inevitable with Kisai, the imam of the Kufa school, who had established his own syntax method in Baghdad and trained his students. With the acceptance of this by the parties, the debate, which went down in the history of syntax as al-Mes'eletü'z-Zünbûriyye, on which many discussions took place. The debate ended with the defeat of Sibewayh, with the testimonies of the Arabs of Kufa, who were consulted to arbitrate on the issue in which Sîbeveyh and Kisâî disagreed, in favor of Kisâî. Sîbeveyh, who could not accept this defeat, called his student Ahfeş out of the city before entering Basra, told him what had happened there, and returned to his native Iran and died there.
Ahfeş, who is very upset about the situation of his teacher, sets out for Baghdad to take revenge. Although he asks him questions in the morning prayer in order to disgrace Kisâî in front of both people and his students, Kisâî succeeds in extinguishing his sense of revenge by complimenting Ahfeş. Kisâî provides him with financial means and allows him to stay in Baghdad. At the end of this process, Ahfeş approached the Kufa method from the Basra syntax method and forgot the revenge of his teacher Sîbeveyh. He personally took part in the process of laying the foundations of the Kufe syntax school and Kisâî had the opportunity to get to know Sîbeveyh's syntax method closely by reading Sîbeveyh's al-Kitab from him.
Later, another imam of the Basra school, Muberred, came to Baghdad. The imam of the Kufa school of the time, Sâleb, was disturbed by Müberred's arrival and sent two of his best students, Zeccâc(ö. 311/923) and İbn Hayyât’ı(ö. 320/932 him, to ask questions and humiliate him in front of the public. But Mübberred fascinates Zeccâc with his persuasive personality and the ills he brings to the issues of grammar. Zeccâc becomes Müberred's student now and does not return to Sâleb.
Many discussions took place between Müberred and Saleb in Baghdad, and these discussions enabled the students of nahiv to hear the nahw methods of both schools from their masters. In the final analysis, they adopted a new understanding of nahiv by adopting a way in the middle of the strict and uncompromising attitude of the nahivists of Basra and the overly permissive approach of the nahivists of Kufa. This new and middle way syntax understanding, like the other two syntax schools, was named after the city of Baghdad, the city where it was born. The nahivists, who are members of the Baghdad school, made selections from the ideas of the nahivists from Basra and the nahivists of Kufe, and they signed their own unique approaches to the issues of nahiv. The prominent representatives of this new school are Ebû Ali al-Fârisî and İbn Cinnî’dir.