Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Buzios island"

Abstract Diurnal flight and foraging activity in insectivorous bats are atypical behaviours that have been recorded from islands with few avian predators and from locations with extended daylight hours. We present the first known observations of diurnal activity of Rhinolophus lepidus in forests on Tioman Island, Malaysia, recorded using visual surveys and acoustic monitoring. The bats were flying during the day and at night, and feeding buzzes detected suggest that they were actively foraging during the day. This appears to be a regular phenomenon on Tioman Island. The absence of resident diurnal avian predators that hunt below the forest canopy may account for the diurnal activity of R. lepidus in forests there.

Esta investigación exploratoria examina un interesante conflicto entre stakeholders por el uso de bienes o recursos de uso común para el turismo. Metodológicamente el análisis se basa en un estudio de caso con un enfoque cualitativo, que consigna entrevistas semiestructuradas, observación participante y análisis de documentos relevantes relacionados con el caso. Desde que en el año 2008 operadores externos a la comunidad comenzaron a ofrecer experiencias de buceo en jaula con tiburones en Stewart Island, Nueva Zelanda, la comunidad local ha presentado una fuerte oposición hacia esta actividad, especialmente por parte de los buzos comerciales que trabajan en estas aguas extrayendo abalones. Ellos piensan que la alimentación de tiburones por parte de los operadores turísticos podría afectar el comportamiento de estos depredadores, poniendo en peligro no solo su medio de subsistencia, sino también sus vidas. La presente investigación busca describir, caracterizar y analizar el conflicto dado, identificando los aspectos clave que podrían estar dificultando su solución. Para esto, el conflicto es estudiado utilizando el enfoque de gestión llamado Co-gestión Adaptativa. Se utilizó este enfoque como paradigma de análisis debido a que ha probado ser una eficiente herramienta para solucionar conflictos basados en el uso de recursos de uso común, especialmente porque permite a las partes involucradas aprender de las otras, permitiéndoles lidiar con problemas de gestión cada vez más complejos a través de la generación de procedimientos que permiten solucionar conflictos presentes y futuros de una manera eficiente. El análisis del conflicto muestra la ausencia de esfuerzos de ambas partes para intentar alcanzar una solución debido a las fuertes posiciones antagonistas, siendo la falta de confianza un obstáculo clave para la colaboración. Además, se evidencia la falta de un liderazgo que guíe a las partes hacia un entendimiento. Este caso ofrece una interesante oportunidad para observar la complejidad de los sistemas socio-ecológicos como una fuente de recursos de uso común.

Abstract Signals of aggression may potentially reduce the fitness costs of conflict during agonistic interactions if they are honest. Here we examined whether the ‘buzz’ vocalization in two species of Darwin’s finches, the small tree finch, Camarhynchus parvulus, and the critically endangered medium tree finch, C. pauper, found in Floreana Island, Galápagos Archipelago, is a signal of aggression. Specifically, we assessed three criteria for aggressive signalling (context, predictive, and response criteria) in an observational study and a playback experiment. In the observational study, buzzes by the resident male were more common when an intruder was present on the territory in medium tree finches but not small tree finches (context criterion). In the playback experiment, buzzes increased during and after a simulated intrusion for both species (context criterion). Buzzes before the playback period predicted aggressive responses by males (predictive criterion) but buzzes during playback did not. Finally, both species responded more strongly to playbacks of conspecific buzzes compared to conspecific songs and heterospecific buzzes (response criterion). Together the results support the aggressive signal hypothesis for buzz vocalizations, although future studies are needed to understand the evolution and development of this interesting signal.

Abstract Oriented carbonate (calcite twinning strains; n=78 with 2414 twin measurements) and quartzites (finite strains, n=15) were collected around Gondwana to study the deformational history associated with the amalgamation of the supercontinent. The Buzios orogen (545-500 Ma), within interior Gondwana, records the high-grade collisional orogen between São Francisco craton (Brazil) and Congo-Angola craton (Angola-Namibia) and twinning strains in calcsilicates record a SE-NW shortening fabric parallel to thrust transport. Along Gondwana's southern margin, the Saldanian-Ross-Delamerian orogen (590-480 Ma) is marked by a regional unconformity that cuts into deformed Neoproterozoic-Ordovician sedimentary rocks and associated intrusions. Cambrian carbonate is preserved in the central part of the southern Gondwana margin, namely in the Kango inlier of the Cape fold belt and the Ellsworth, Pensacola and Transantarctic Mountains. Paleozoic carbonate is not preserved in the Ventana Mountains, Argentina; Islas Malvinas/Falkland Islands or Tasmania. Twinning strains in these Cambrian carbonate strata and synorogenic veins record a complex, overprinted deformation history with no stable foreland strain reference. The Kurgiakh orogen (490 Ma) along Gondwana's northern margin is also defined by a regional Ordovician unconformity throughout the Himalaya; these rocks record a mix of layer-parallel and layer-normal twinning strains with a likely Himalayan (40 Ma) strain overprint and no autochthonous foreland strain site. Conversely, the Gondwanide orogen (250 Ma) along Gondwana's southern margin has three foreland (autochthonous) sites for comparison with 59 allochthonous thrust belt strain analyses. From west to east: finite strains from Devonian quartzite preserve a layer-parallel shortening (LPS) strain rotated clockwise in the Ventana Mountains, Argentina; the frontal (calcite twins) and internal (quartzite strains) samples in the Cape belt preserve a LPS fabric that is rotated clockwise from the autochthonous N-S horizontal shortening in the foreland strain site; Falkland Devonian quartzite shows the same clockwise rotation of the LPS fabric; Permian limestone and veins in Tasmania record a thrust transport-parallel LPS fabric. Early amalgamation of Gondwana (Ordovician) is preserved by local layer-parallel and layer-normal strain without evidence of far-field deformation whereas the Gondwanide orogen (Permian) is dominated by layer-parallel shortening, locally rotated by dextral shear along the margin, that propagated across the supercontinent.

Visual censuses on belt transects implemented to assess reef fish populations in the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP) vary greatly in the size of sampling units and census protocols. To examine the effects of such variation on estimates of species richness and density, and to help identify an appropriate (accurate, precise and efficient) protocol, we compared two belt transect methods: a single-size transect (one 30 x 2 m band) and a mixed-size transect (two bands, a 50 x 5 m band for large, mobile fishes, and a 50 x 1 m band for small or cryptic fishes). Three observers with different experience conducted 72 visual censuses on three fixed transects at El Arrecife coral formation in Malpelo Island, Colombia, following a factorial design to evaluate the effect of methods, observers and fish size estimation on the accuracy and precision of species richness and density estimates. Additionally, we examined the efficiency (cost in time in relation to the accuracy and precision) of each method. The Mixed Transect (MT) yielded more precise estimates of population and community parameters and more accurate estimates of species richness. However, it had a high implementation cost (25 min/census) and consistently underestimated total density and the density of species recorded in the 50 x 5 m transect (probably due to its greater band width and associated decrease in species detectability). The Single Transect (ST) was more cost-efficient (14 min/census) and produced more accurate estimates of total and specific density for most species (except cryptic or small ones). Both methods were biased by the estimation of fish size during the censuses and by observer inexperience, so they should be implemented under oceanographic conditions that facilitate carrying out visual censuses and by divers with prior training. Alternatively, random sampling can be performed independently of visual censuses to estimate size frequency distributions without affecting estimates of abundance and species richness. Given the generally poor visibility in the ETP and insufficient funding for research and monitoring projects, the ST protocol is more suitable for conducting surveys of multiple species. In addition to producing more accurate estimates of total and specific density for most species, the greater cost-efficiency of STs allows to increase the number of replicates and thus to improve the estimate of total species richness and the precision of all population and community estimates. However, due to the greater accuracy of the MT to assess total species richness and density of small and cryptic species, an alternative would be to use a MT of at least 30 m length, with a maximum width of 2 m for censusing large and mobile species, and of 1 m for small and cryptic species.

Mi práctica artística de los últimos 15 años involucra mares, océanos y ríos. El agua es parte de mi vida. Buceo libre, submarinismo, natación, remo, vela son formas de sentirse parte del agua. Aquí, propongo una comunicación sobre el proceso de creación de la actuación de Live Cinema Deriva Tortuosa #REConectar que trata del fluir hacia el mar Mediterráneo. Las imágenes en movimiento y los sonidos se grabaron en lugares seleccionados del Mediterráneo como: Ceuta, Gibraltar, Malta, Valencia, Delta del Ebro, Formentera, Cerdeña, Sicilia y Chipre. Cada lugar tiene una particularidad por haber sido seleccionado como lugar para recolectar datos. Los criterios fueron geográficos, subjetivos, sociales y ambientales. Por ejemplo, Ceuta y Gibraltar son la puerta de entrada al Mar, y donde se percibe que las distancias físicas de Europa y África son mínimas. Las islas del Mediterráneo central son la puerta de entrada de la mayoría de los intentos de llegada a Europa y en ella se constata la mayor cantidad de muertes por ahogamiento. El Mediterráneo Occidental tiene el mar más salado y el Delta del Ebro es una de las zonas con mayor peligro de ser inundada por el calentamiento global. Deriva Tortuosa #REConectar mezcla videos, sonidos y animaciones de visualización de datos. Es el resultado de meses recopilando datos científicos, imágenes, sonidos e historias en diferentes puntos deste mar. Algunos protagonistas de estas historias son: el capitán de un barco, la policía ambiental, pescadores, buzos, refugiados, kayakistas, remeros, trabajadores de la gestión del agua, ecologistas, socorristas y bañistas. El arte y la ciencia se fusionan para formar nuevas estéticas ambientales. La ciencia es una forma de comprender el entorno y sus implicaciones. No solo los datos y los números definen este mar, sino que las narrativas y cuestiones sociales también son cruciales aquí, ya que el agua es el camino hacia un mundo nuevo, una vida nueva. Las fronteras, geográficas y políticas, son parte de ella. El mar está hecho de sal, cuerpos y controles.