Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Bunun (Peuple de Taiwan)"

This thesis is concerned with how the Bunun, an Austronesian speaking indigenous people of Taiwan, deal with changing historical conditions brought about mainly, but not solely, by colonialism. I explore how the Bunun engage and negotiate with the state, the Han-Chinese and Christianity; how a colonised people like the Bunun sustain an active role in their relationships with powerful others; and how they 'cope' with - read, endure, work through, break apart and transcend - the predicaments of marginality. I do not approach these questions by reconstructing a bounded Bunun tradition, and see how this tradition is influenced and transformed by the impact of external forces. Instead, I examine the subtle and complex ways in which the past, the state, and the Bunun culture itself are constructed in the present. I also criticize the romanticized notion of resistance which has dominated the studies of marginality, and the implicit assumption that we can only find the agency of the colonized under the rubric of resistance. Rather, I explore the various possible ways in which the Bunun can create 'agentive moments', a shift in the sense of oneself being acted upon by the world to a subject acting upon the world, for themselves. In attempting to understand how the Bunun can play an active role in making and transforming the world in which they live, I do not forget that their effort may fail and at times they experience themselves as powerless, displaced and lost. To exclude or erase such experiences is to adopt an anodyne view of history which denies the violent and destructive aspects of colonialism. The studies of death and the decline of spirit mediumship demonstrate vividly how the Bunun cope with the loss of life and power, and how such experiences contribute to the ways in which they understand and comment on their own existence at a particular historical moment. By taking into serious account the sense of powerlessness, loss, and displacement, I aim to convey the affective qualities of the Bunun's living experience which give the sense of a period, that is, what Raymond Williams (1977) calls 'structures of feeling'. I suggest that 'structures of feeling' are powerful expressions and evocations of how the Bunun experience the history of their colonisation, which give shape to local historical consciousness.

Notre travail porte sur un chant rituel destine a favoriser la croissance du millet, nourriture de base pour les aborigenes de taiwan et en particulier pour les bunun. Ce chant, designe par le terme pasi but but revet une forme polyphonique propre qui le distingue parmi tous les repertoires de l'ethnie bunun. Dans une premiere partie, nous nous sommes efforces de situer le pasi but but dans la societe, la culture, et la musique traditionnelle des bunun dont nous presentons brievement les divers aspects. Dans la seconde partie, le sujet propre de la these est traite sous les trois angles de la fonction, de la structure et des mutations observees au cours des cinquante dernieres annees. En fait ces trois facteurs s'interpenetrent inextricablement, mais, pour mieux comprendre la signification et les changements subis par le pasi but but a travers le temps et l'espace, il s'est avere necessaire d'examiner separement : 1) le role original du pasi but but dans la societe traditionnelle bunun, tel que le presentent les recits de la tradition orale que nous avons recueillis dans differents village bunun. 2) les caracteristiques musicales des quinze versions enregistrees du pasi but but dont nous disposions. 3) la structure de la polyphonie, telle qu'elle se degage de la comparaison des differentes versions. Enfin, a partir de l'analyse de ces donnees, nous avons tente de comprendre selon quelles modalites le pasi but but s'etait adapte a l'environnement nouveau dans lequel se trouvait placee la societe bunun et quel noyau stable persistait aujourd'hui dans ce chant polyphonique devenu emblematique non seulement des bunun, mais dans une certaine mesure, des aborigenes de taiwan
This thesis researches one special polyphonic song (pasi but but) from the bunun tribe in taiwan. This song is used during the praying ritual before planting millet. This text is divided into two parts; the first section contains a description of the society and culture of the bunun tribe and previous references traditional music. The focus of the other part is the polyphonic song pasi but but. The field work of this oral tradition was carried out over ten years; using two ethnomusicology methods (synchronic and diachronic) this song's function, musical structure and evolution are thoroughly examined. Also included are sonograms and transcriptions that show a clear analysis of the polyphonic structure, vocal techniques and overtone phenomenon. This documentation of this song covers a space of 50 years which clearing shows the unique stability and adaptability of the music of the bunun people

Diss.--Graz--Univ. für Musik und darstellende Kunst, 2005.
En annexe, interviews avec les chanteuses taiwanaises Chang Ri-Guei, Wu Hsiobi et Hong Hsiu-Ian en allemand avec la trad. chinoise en regard. Glossaire p. 413-416. Sources et bibliogr. p. 417-427.

Cette thèse traite des usages linguistiques des Aborigènes 'amis de Taiwan vivant en milieu urbain. Elle s'appuie sur des enquêtes réalisées par questionnaires auprès des enfants 'amis, ainsi que par entretiens semi-directifs dans deux grandes villes, Hualien et Taipei. Une réflexion théorique générale tente d'abord de montrer que l'objet des sciences du langage est l'homme en tant qu'il parle, ce qui implique que la linguistique est intrinsèquement une science sociale, centrée sur les locuteurs et non sur les langues. Puis la démarche et les grandes orientations de la sociolinguistique sont illustrées par l'analyse de divers travaux. La description des terrains d'enquête est suivie d'une présentation des résultats des questionnaires. On constate que les enfants déclarent encore quelques compétences en 'amis, mais presque aucun usage de cette langue, remplacée par le chinois. Les représentations envers la langue ethnique restent positives. Les entretiens viennent confirmer le transfert linguistique du 'amis au chinois. Mais les générations âgées manifestent des bilinguismes divers, et des phénomènes de contacts de langues en découlent : interférences, emprunts, mais aussi insécurité linguistique ou identitaire. L'influence de l'urbanisation sur les pratiques est d'abord une accentuation de ces phénomènes par rapport à la campagne, notamment par l'accentuation du phénomène de minorité. D'après les critères de l'Unesco, la langue ethnique apparaît comme sérieusement en danger ; sa préservation passe par un équipement lexical, une standardisation de l'écriture; et d'autres mesures de politiques linguistiques ; celles adoptées jusqu'à maintenant sont loin d'être suffisantes.

Le présent travail porte sur l'analyse du cycle annuel dans la société 'amis de 'Tolan (Taiwan Est). La culture du millet (Sectaria italica Beauv. ) commande l'ensemble des rituels saisonniers de l'année auxquels les rites du cycle de vie humaine sont reliés ou opposés. Les humains ont une reletion interdépendante avec leur agriculture. Nous proposons d'exposer comment se forme cette corrélation pour comprendre les notios de vie, de temps et la cosmologie impliquée dans ce système social. La première partie de ce travail présente la reletion sociale et le cycle de vie au sein de la maison. La relation frère-soeur apparaît comme une paire, liée à la composition et à l'extension de la maison. La deuxième partie traite du cycle annuel dans lequel la relation homme-femme, qu'elle soit frère-soeur ou époux-épouse, est au coeur de l'analyse de la culture de millet et du parcours de vie des humains
In this thesis, the author analyzes the annual cycle of the 'Amis of 'Tolan, an Austronesian speaking people on the east coast of Taiwan. The culture of the millet (Setaria italica Beauv. ) commands the calendar of seasonal rituals of the whole year with which the rituals of human life cycle are cooperated or separated. The human beings are therefor conceptualized as maintaining an interdependance relationshipwith their agriculture. We try to explore the question of how this interdependance is formed and to understand the notions of life, of time and the cosmology in the social system. The first part of this work is concentrated on the construction of the social relations within the house and the life cycle rituals. The second part deals with the annual rituals in which the brother-sister relation and the man-woman relation are at the center of the discussion

Cette thèse traite de la parenté et du chamanisme chez les Kalavan, Austronésiens de la côte est de Taiwan qui ont vécu, jusque dans les années 1940, au sein d'une société matriléaire et matrilocale à polyandrie diachronique. Nous tenterons de parvenir à la source des pouvoirs variés détenus par les femmes et de montrer que dans le système de représentation kavalan, le genre social constitue à la fois l'effet et l'instrument de ces pouvoirs. Nous nous attacherons enfin à suivre les transformations connues par la société kavalan depuis les chocs successifs des colonisations han et japonaise jusqu'à aujourd'hui. Au cours de ces périodes, les Kavalan ont eu à faire face à une politique de sinisation, à la pénétration du christianisme, à l'intégration dans un cadre étatique moderne et enfin à l'inclusion dans l'économie de marché
This thesis deals with kinship and shamanism among the Kavalan, an Austronesian speaking society on the East coast of Taiwan, which has been, until the 1940s, matrilineal and matrilocal, having practiced diachronic polyandry. I attempt to analyse the source of different powers held by women and to show how, in Kavalan culture, social gender constitutes both the agent and recipient of these powers. Finally, I devote my attention to the transformations engendered in Kavalan society by successive regimes of Japanese and Han Chinese colonization until the present. During these periods, the Kavalan have had to confront the politics of sinisation, the penetration of Christianity, their integration within the modern state and lastly their inclusion within the global market economy

Pour les musiciens de Falangaw, la technique de l'improvisation et le timbre de la voix de chanteur jouent un rôle de signature personnelle, c’est-à-dire, une sorte de l'identification. L'organisation et les activités musicales d'un groupe musical sont basée sur la relation humaine entre les musiciens. Souvent, les chanteurs de groupes, de générations ou de villages différents n'ont pas la même opinion concernant la "tradition" musicale. C’est parce que la "tradition" n'est qu'un résultat de la construction de connaissance et changera en suivant la situation sociale et politique au fils du temps. On a constaté des exemples qui indiquent les décalages entre les documents historiques et les points de vue des Amei de Falangaw d'aujourd’hui, ceux-ci insistent que leurs opinions maintiennent la "vrai tradition". À travers l'examen sur le rite de Nouvel An, on étudie la hiérarchie du système des classes d’âges, la relation homme et femme, afin de proposer de nouvelles interprétations concernant le lien entre la musique et la structure sociale. Les échanges musicaux avec les cultures extérieures reflètent non seulement le goût des habitants de Falangaw, mais aussi la construction de leur identité nationale. La clé du phénomène de la polyphonie dans la musique vocale de Falangaw réside dans une technique de l'improvisation. Cette technique rend la forme musicale instable et ouvre une possibilité du changement du style. Le système musical lui-même présente donc un caractère dynamique. Les musiciens cherchant consciemment un style musical conforme à la "tradition", la pratique réelle les conduit pourtant un sens contraire
For the musicians of Falangaw, the improvisation skill and the voice represent a personal signature, ie, a kind of identification. The organization and activities of a musical group are based on the relationship between the musicians. Often, the singers from different groups, generations ou villages do not have the same opinion on the musical "tradition". That's because the "tradition" is just a result of the construction of concept and will change with the social and political situation. It was found examples which show the differences between historical documents and the point of view of Amei of Falangaw today, they insist that their views maintain the "true tradition. " Through the examination on the New Year Ritual, we will study the hierarchy of the age-grade system, the relationship man and woman, to propose new interpretations concerning the link between music and social structure. The musical exchanges with external cultures reflect not only the taste of the Falangaw people, but also the construction of their national identity. The key to the polyphony in vocal music of Falangaw lies in the technique of improvisation. This technique makes the musical form unstable and opens a possibility of the change of style. Therefore, the musical system itself is dynamic. The musicians consciously seeking a musical style consistent with the "tradition", the actual practice, however, leads to the contrary

Cette thèse propose une étude trans-autochtones des oratures ancestrales et des littératures contemporaines des Dakotapi d’Amérique du Nord, peuple connu et popularisé par les sociétés dominantes, et des Paiwan de Taïwan, qui font partie des populations autochtones méconnues, et dont la littérature demeure en marge des études scientifiques actuelles. Cela permettra de construire des modes d’analyse et d’établir une forme de dialogue littéraire entre eux, afin de faire ressortir les similarités et les différences de ces productions orales et écrites considérées dans leur propre situation continentale. Les processus différenciés d’acculturation ciblant les Dakotapi et les Paiwan, avec la puissance coloniale américaine d’un côté, et celles japonaise et chinoise de l’autre, ont tous eu un impact violent sur la culture et sur l’identité de ces peuples autochtones. Toutefois, comme les héros et héroïnes de leurs oratures respectives, les jeunes adultes autochtones ayant assimilé l’écriture au sortir des écoles gouvernementales américaines et taïwanaises, ont détourné la technique graphique et le pouvoir symbolique du colonisateur pour écrire leur(s) propre(s) histoire(s). Cette recherche met également en avant la place cruciale que les littératures des peuples autochtones commencent à occuper sur la scène littéraire mondiale, au moyen de genres et de thèmes auto-centrés, et de critiques et de théories auto-référentielles. Ce sont des littératures de la résilience qui puisent leurs références, leurs thèmes, et leurs paradigmes dans leurs propres cultures autochtones, qu’elles se sont réappropriées en entreprenant une reconquête de leur identité et de leur souveraineté tribales
This dissertation provides a trans-indigenous study of North America’s Dakotapi and Taiwan’s Paiwan’s ancestral oratures and contemporary literatures. The Dakotapi are a well-known People popularized by dominant societies, whereas the Paiwan are amongst the most unknown indigenous populations, and their literature remains in the margins of current scholarly studies. It will allow the creation of methods of analysis and the establishment of some form of literary dialogue between them, in order to highlight the similarities and the differences of the oral and written production considered within their own continental situation. The differentiated acculturation processes targeting the Dakotapi and the Paiwan, of the American colonial power on one hand, and on the other hand of the Japanese and Chinese colonial powers, all had a violent impact on the culture and identity of these Indigenous Peoples. However, just as the heroes and heroines from their respective oratures, the young literate indigenous adults, who graduated from American and Taiwanese governmental schools, diverted the graphic skills and the symbolic power of the colonizer to write down their own (hi)stories. This research also stresses the crucial place that Indigenous literatures occupy on the global literary scene, by means of Indigenous-centered genres and themes, and self-referential critique and theories. These are literatures of resilience that draw their references, themes, and paradigms in their own Indigenous cultures, that were reclaimed by engaging in a reconquest of their tribal identity and sovereignty

碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
地理學系
93
This thesis mainly discusses the formation context of a resistance space of Bunun aborigines of Taiwan, by documents, participate observation and depth interview etc. research approaches. And then we sketch the traditional social culture context, and analyze the movement process of resistant actors, so we can understand how resistant actors use resisting tactics, and tradition ways to build and construct a resistance space of Bunun aborigines of Taiwan. The constructing process of resistance space of Tumpu Daingaz, this thesis finds the relation with national park of Yushan and Tumpu Daingaz that imply Bunun of concept. They think someone owns more ability that he should look after and protects the person who is weak. It was defined the mutual unequal power relation, through exchanging (the way that offer the material or resources). But, Tumpu Daingaz people not only are limited and interfered by the unreasonable laws, they also face the collective action fault that impels Tumpu Daingaz resistant actors combine with heterogeneous actors from outsider, and even together with an aborigine’s legislative committee member. Tumpu Daingaz resistant actors through working in their traditional territory they claim, and articulate one aborigine’s legislative committee member, who exert her political pressure, turn over their (national park of Yushan and Tumpu Daingaz) inequality relation former. From the process of resistance actors combine with heterogeneous actors from outsider, this thesis finds that the transformation clue of aborigines’ movement in Taiwan. For example, the aboriginal working team operates in Tumpu Daingaz and other aboriginal tribes. They create an alternative culture political form. They not only meet Taiwan Christ Presbyterian in aboriginal area, but also attempt to replace it. At the same time, the team claims Aborigines self-determination and use the new partnership, opposing the Holo chauvinism and organizations of political economy, its point of application is just in Tumpu Daingaz.

碩士
國立政治大學
臺灣研究英語碩士學程
94
This thesis is a compilation of ethnographic narrative and ethnohistorical research in the form of a case study of the Bunun people of the Laipunuk geographic region of Taiwan. The research encompasses the life experiences of three members of the Istanda family, with cross verification of narrative history from extant documentation where possible. Informants were videotaped, audio taped, and where not possible, extensive and detailed notes were taken. Some informants also served as translators for others; one particularly valuable source is conversant in the Bunun language, Japanese, Chinese, and English, providing invaluable material and insight. This report begins with an overview of indigenous peoples, their prehistory, and their relationship with the greater Austronesian culture. This is followed by a brief survey of each indigenous culture’s social organization, with emphasis on the Bunun. Included is a political survey of major transformational and developmental periods in Taiwan’s history, beginning with the Dutch East India Company period, and ending with the modern Democratic Reform period. I have concluded, based on my extensive work with these indigenous peoples and my examination of available historical documentation, that Taiwan’s indigenous people have endured constant pressure from external forces and, as a direct result, have undergone acute social and cultural degradation from the loss of their native homelands. Nevertheless, vast knowledge is still available from elderly informants born into a relatively pristine Bunun culture. This knowledge contributes to the field of Taiwan Studies by providing an objective survey across the history of Taiwan’s indigenous peoples, offering a view through a previously closed window into the richness of Taiwan’s full history. It is recommended that such studies continue and expand. Key words: Bunun, Laipunuk, Austronesian, Taiwan, ethnohistorical, indigenous

碩士
國立東華大學
族群關係與文化學系
105
This study focuses on the basis of participatory action research, emphasizing the three main cultural practices of the author from 2011 to the present. Through National Dong Hwa University Millet Farm, Taitung Bunun Tribal School and Eastern Taiwan Bunun Tribal Youth Association, discusses the contemporary indigenous knowledge youth action development process, the challenges and changes. Through the path of retrospective knowledge practices and cultural actions, the author tries to depict the construction and diversity of the knowledge of "we" in the modern situation, such as National Dong Hwa University Millet Farm in the context of higher education, emphasizing the students’ initiative learning program and the campus-tribal learning community; and the development of the Bunun tribal school and the intention of redrawing in the system within /outside the boundaries of the construction of ethnic knowledge practice space; also includes the organizing Eastern Taiwan Bunun Tribal Youth and trying to transcend the traditional and modern binary opposition, to create more possibilities for contemporary indigenous cultural movement. The results of this study, emphasizing the cross-ethnic boundaries, combined with different generations of cooperation, not only to construct the traditional culture-based action subject, but also to solve the lack of social practice in higher education and tribal interaction with each other limitations, "Learning tribal life in the classroom; In the tribe to learn school life" concept; further analysis of knowledge practice and cultural action from the field of higher education to the tribal scene back to the creation of the indigenous people as the main body of knowledge and sustainable tribal innovation and development possibilities.

This thesis investigates the history of religious beliefs and practices among the Bunun people of eastern Taiwan after their acceptance of Christianity at the end of the Second World War. I describe the process of Christianisation among the Bunun people, especially those who live in Hualien County, and investigate the role of Christianity in the development of Bunun identity in post-war and post-colonial Taiwan. Instead of seeing Christianity as a ‘missionary imposition’, I follow the ways the Bunun have actively adopted, interpreted, and modified both the indigenous and Christian forms and ideas to meet their needs in different periods. I argue, therefore, that the study of the interactions of Christianity and indigenous religious beliefs and practices should examine what makes some Christian ideas and forms more amenable to adoption than others, and what the determinant ones are. The thesis demonstrates that Bunun conversion to Christianity has been a complex process involving both continuity and discontinuity. Continuity and change take place at the same time and are interwoven. To gain a better understanding of the mutual constitution of Christianity and Bunun culture, I suggest that we approach this question by combining the exegetical and historical perspectives. The intertwined trajectories of evangelisation, Sinicisation, indigenisation, and urbanisation have deeply influenced the articulation between Christian beliefs and practices and indigenous ones. My argument is that the reason most Bunun people desire to maintain continuity with their pre-Christian ways, and the reason the minority refuse to do so, derives not only from the appeals of Christianity but also from their engagements with the ethnic, political, and cultural politics of Taiwan that they have experienced from the end of the Second World War to the present. The study of indigenisation is not only to see what has changed or been preserved, an ongoing interest among scholars, but also to focus on the articulation of Christian and indigenous cultural elements at any given time within the wider social and political environment in which the Bunun are placed.

碩士
國立屏東科技大學
森林系所
96
This study aims to discuss traditional hunting culture of the Bunun tribe in the Danda area by interviews and participant observation. Research is operated from year of 2005 to 2007 with 56 interviewees, who are most come from Taki-banoan community and Taki-bahka community. The largest number of interviewees in the age is 51-60 years old, then the second number of interviewees is 41-50 years old. Most of the interviewees have hunting experiences for over 10 years, and lots of them have experiences for 31-40 years. Results show that communities in Danda area are Taki-banoan, Taki-bahka, and Taki-vadan. They have the same ancestral hunting grounds, which also can be divided into grounds of taki-banoan, Taki-bahka, and Taki-vadan. The area of traditional hunting grounds is highly overlapped with the existing Danda major wildlife habitats. The major hunting preys are flying squirrels, Formosan muntjac, goats, sambar, Formosan wild boar and Formosan macaque. Most of the prey are used for consumption, sale, and specimen. The hunting season is decided by the weather and farming period. Usually they will hunt in holidays or not busy at farming during September to April of the next year. Shotguns and trap are the most popular ways for hunting. Furthermore, taboos about death and dream are believed by most in Danda area.

碩士
國立交通大學
人文社會學系族群與文化碩士班
101
This paper is mainly about the marriage taboo in Bunun (samu), and explores the impact of the modern marriage in Bunun. The most important marriage taboo in Bunun is same clan marriage, which includes parents' clans and kaviaz clans. That is to say, someone in Bunun violates the taboo when he or she marries to the one who is in the same clan. This situation is called “ masamu”. In the history of traditional Bunun, intermarriage is a way to connect two different clans and makes both of them be stronger and more powerful than before, which is the implication of the association. In order to retain the authority, marriages within the same clan are not permitted under the taboo. However, the case of same clan marriage reflects the vicissitude and obstruction of contemporary Bunun culture, and it specifically shows the dilemma between tradition and modernity. Nowadays, this marriage taboo isn't followed and has no binding force as seriously as that was before. Therefore, this study not only clarifies the factors of same clan marriage in contemporary Bunun but explores the dilemma of this marriage taboo modern Bunun clansmen face. One of the most significant issues is how to conserve the culture of the indigenous peoples of Taiwan in the mainstream culture, and same clan marriage is the plight to represent the dilemma of tradition and modernity. The indigenous peoples of Taiwan need to consider whether the tradition in the past adapts for the culture in the present or not. This paper focuses on the orientation of culture change.

碩士
國立臺東大學
生命科學系碩士班
102
Bahwan tribe (Bahwan),Since 1933, the Central Mountain Range on the west side of the Takivatan River Basin Dasi about 1,500 meters above, the high-altitude Takivatan Bunun,During the Japanese Occupation,Be moved to the east side of the central mountain range low altitude 300 meters below the nation,With the move to a low altitude after multicultural conversion,Original, the cultural characteristics of plants at high altitudes has been a serious loss,There is need for rescue saved.The purpose of this study: First, seniors establish basic information based on interviews with tribal culture plants,And precious heritage and learn the wisdom of the ancestors (Madaingaz) are cumulative,Also use to record vocabulary and different plants, The glory of Takivatan Bunun Culture and sustainable use of plant; Second, to explore the plant Bahwan Bunun cultural differences in different altitudes,The development of a multicultural society, the Bunun people of subjectivity, The importance of natural resources and traditional space elevation forests (Lipus) biodiversity.The study also save about 235 kinds of records over plant use knowledge and Takivatan Bunun language, Among the most commonly used in grassy plant 24 species,16 kinds of legumes, Solanaceae, Asteraceae each melon Branch and 11 species, 10 kinds of lilies, Rosaceae 9 species, Euphorbiaceae eight kinds.

碩士
中原大學
宗教研究所
106
Regarding the urban indigenous descendants whose hometown already not belongs to the original tribe but the urban city, it’s an intense subject undergoing in union for the urban indigenous descendants to self-identify who they are as an aboriginal people. The objective of this research is a second-generation Bunun urban indigenous who identify as a Christian of The Presbyterian Church in Taiwan to explore the meaning of the Bunun tribe historical religion changing and the purpose of the urban indigenous church established due to the population migration nowadays. Recognize the indigenous identity through the religious approach and write with autoethnography to do the self-reflection and explore the personal experience and connect this autobiographical story to wider cultural and social meanings and understandings in three identity-steps, Unexamined Ethnic Identity, Ethnic Identity Search and Ethnic Identity Achievement. Finally, the researcher hopes this study not only can be the basic structure in the pursuit of Bunun’s cultural spirit for the urban indigenous descendants, but also suggests the urban indigenous church can be the cradle of indigenous culture and establish the indigenous theology based on the human right and Democratic consciousness to avoid the identity crisis and cultural assimilation.

碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
音樂學系在職進修碩士班
99
Importance of community is emphasized through culture of social life in Bunun tribe. Their fiesta rite, religious belief, hunting culture, and group singing intend to pursue peaceful coexistence and harmony between individuals and the whole creation. Chorusing is a symbol in Bunun’s social culture. Its people think of “madahbah tu Bunun” as that a person who does not sing is actually sick. For them, chorusing means not only chorusing but also presentation and record of Bunun’s innovation in social culture and it reveals value of team working, which is closely related to their life and is an essential element promoting harmony among the God, the earth, and human. Vox Nativa Music School Taiwan was founded in 2008. More than 90% of its students are Bunun people who attend school on holidays. The curriculum offered here integrates thinking mode of group value in Bunun and by combining the culture with the courses and learning of chorusing. it promotes basic cultivation of art in students and understanding of pulse of Bunun’s social culture, it creates a ideal learning environment and educational connotation for Bunun people, and it enhances reconstruction and also impartation and inheritance of Bunun’s social culture. This study, divided into five chapters, investigates educational function and connotation of Bunun chorus through literature analysis and field survey and by taking Vox Nativa Music School Taiwan for example. Chapter I Introduction explains research motivation and purpose, research subjects and methodology, and review of related literatures; Chapter II Social Culture and Music in Bunun describes migration and society distribution of Bunun tribe; Chapter III State of Performance of Vox Nativa Music School Taiwan describes organization, curriculum, and instruction of Vox Nativa Music School Taiwan, and collects repertoire of Vox Nativa Choir and analyzes development and variation Bunun’s choruses; Chapter IV Educational Function and Connotation of Bunun Chorus discusses educational philosophy of Vox Nativa Music School Taiwan through interview with parents and teachers, analyzes educational function of chorusing, and analyzes and compares the musical theory with three levels proposed by Boethius in Middle Ages and the three-leveled concept of Bunun’s traditional religious belief; Chapter V Conclusion and Suggestion sums up results of research and proposes potential orientation suggestion for future research and for reader’s reference.

碩士
國立新竹教育大學
臺灣語言與語文教育研究所
101
It is common that many teaching methods have been applied to English language teaching; however, it is rarely to see language teaching methods are applied to aboriginal language teaching. Therefore, the application of Task-based Language Teaching (TBLT) in aboriginal language teaching will be introduced and studied in this thesis In this study, literature review is the first part to introduce and I analyze the characteristics and application of task-based language teaching (Pica, 1993) which includes five different categories, Information-gap tasks, Opinion exchange tasks, Jigsaw tasks, Problem-solving tasks, and Decision-making tasks. In the second part, the application of Task-based Language Teaching in aboriginal language teaching and how it can improve language studying efficiency will be studied and discussed. NCCU’s Nine-stage Bunun Teaching Materials(政大布農語九階教材) is taken as an example for introducing how to integrate particulars of language materials with the targets of language teaching for designing different learning tasks and teaching guidelines. And then, this could provide teachers a better application of integrating teaching theory and practice. Due to lack of studying of aboriginal language teaching practice, this study has conducted to provide teachers a reference of aboriginal language teaching methods and practice, and then can better achieve their teaching goals.

碩士
輔仁大學
法律學系
105
Aboriginal people were in Taiwan before Ethnic Chinese, but their traditional lifestyle causes them to break Taiwan’s laws and this conflict is the subject of this paper. First of all this paper will discuss the rights of aboriginal culture; secondly, the protection of aboriginal rights in international society; third, to discuss protection for Taiwanese aborigines within the Constitution and the Status Act for Indigenous People. At the same time it will argue the principle that hunting is an important part of aboriginal traditional culture. Behind the Conflicts of the basic rights of aboriginals, it also presents other issues , both gun-control and wildlife conservation issues. How to achieve a balanced agreement between the two is a landmark topic at this present time. There are areas of conflict between traditional hunting behaviour and Taiwan law, one is Controlling Guns, Ammunition and Knives Act , the other is against law of Wildlife Conservation Act. Although, there are exceptions of Controlling Guns, Ammunition and Knives Act 20, it is very strict with only for home-made guns and for the concept of provision for self-consumption.. It is worthwhile to discuss the different points of law. According to article Wildlife Conservation Act 21 exceptions. pertain to having hunting permit issued in advance and must in principle be for a traditional ritual or religious ceremony. These restrictions are not suitable for traditional aboriginal life and many aboriginals have been incriminated for contravening the penal code making this an issue that needs to be discussed. This paper will collect related information and cases to discuss ideas and provide proactive suggestions and comments for court procedures. Recently the most apparent case is of “Bunun hunter Tama Talum”. The Bunun hunter used a home-made blunderbuss firearm to shoot a Muntiacus reevesi Micrurus which is a protected species under the Wildlife Conservation Act. He was ruled to have broken the law. The prosecutor general issued an extraordinary appeal to the Supreme Court and many of the arguments are reflected in this paper’s viewpoints. In the last chapter I provide some opinions and suggestions for further reference. This article will draw on the Status Act for Indigenous people, the practice of legal hunting, the balance between traditional hunting and wildlife conservation. Some results and reflections will be provided.

碩士
靜宜大學
青少年兒童福利學系
88
The main purpose of this study is to explore the relationships of ethnic identity, academic achievement, peer acceptance and personal identity of Bunun students in Hsin-I Hsiang, Nantou County. Subjects of this study are 321 sixth and seventh grade students. Data is collected three times with the "Ethnic Identity Scale", "Peer Acceptance Scale" and "Personal Identity Scale". Student''''s t-test, descriptive statistics, factor analysis, trend analysis and Pearson product-moment correlation are used to analyze the data. Major findings of the study are summarized below: 1. (1) Except for physical education and music, there are statistically significant differences in other subjects between Bunun and non-aboriginal students, and non-aboriginal students show higher academic achievement than Bunun students; (2) It is statistically significant in the difference of peer acceptance between Bunun and non-aboriginal students, and the peer acceptance of non-aboriginal students is higher than Bunun students ; (3) The difference of personal identity between Bunun and non-aboriginal students is statistically significant. Non-aboriginal students show higher personal identity than Bunun students at the first time, however, Bunun students show higher personal identity than non-aboriginal students at the second and third times. 2. (1)Except for math, physical education and synthetic expression, there are statistically significant differences in other subjects between male and female Bunun students, and the academic achievement of female students is higher than male students; (2)It is statistically significant in the difference of peer acceptance between male and female Bunun students, and female Bunun students show higher peer acceptance than male ones. (3)The difference of peer acceptance on the grade is statistically significant, and the higher grade of Bunun students show higher peer acceptance than the lower ones; (4)There is no statistically significant difference in personal identity between male and female Bunun students. However, the difference of personal identity on the grade is statistically significant, and the lower grade of Bunun students show higher personal identity than the higher ones. 3.There is no statistically significant difference in ethnic identity between male and female Bunun students. However, it is statistically significant in the difference of the ethnic identity on the grade of Bunun students, and the ethnic identity of the higher grade students is higher than the lower grade ones. 4.The higher Bunun students'''' grade is, the more positive of their ethnic identity is. The ethnic identity of Bunun students is dramatically risen from the first time to the second time, maybe it is resulted from the significant affairs or the difference of developmental stages. 5.There is a positive correlation between Bunun students'''' ethnic identity and academic achievement. 6.There is no significant correlation between the ethnic identity and the peer acceptance of Bunun students. 7.It is positively correlation between Bunun students'''' ethnic identity and personal identity. According to the research findings above, there are suggestions purposed for the reference of parents, schools, communities and researchers.

博士
國立臺灣師範大學
公民教育與活動領導學系
93
This research , taking Bunun Cultural and Educational Foundation as an example , tries to discuss some questions about the management of cultural industry and the implement of the cultural marketing. Based on historical documents, the author tires to understand the economical changes of Bunum tribe and how their habitations are used to develop leisure, cultural and tourism industry during different stages of economical development in Taiwan. Then, the result can show the advantages for tribes to work on leisure, travel and cultural industry. Moreover, the author takes Bunun Cultural and Educational Foundation in Yen-Ping Village in Taitung County, Taiwan for example, using the participation observation, intensive interview and questionnaire investigation to find out what the target market is, what the blindspot is, what the fault in management and control is, how the tourists are satisfied and if they want to go back again. What are mentioned above can be utilized for the inferences to have sustainable management. The last step is to examine the interaction between Bunun Cultural and Educational Foundation and village trying to explain the reason of intensive relationship between them and to build good interaction in the future on the phases of culture, economy , society and politics. According to the result of document analysis, participation observation, intensive interview and questionnaire investigation, the author divides the outcomes into the following three parts: cultural marketing, tourist satisfactory, and community relationship Cultural marketing 1. The mission of management and short-term goal, and different recognitions between directors and employees 2. The lack of full planning, such as SWOT analysis、 investigation of market goal、 products、price、place、promotion. 3. The lack of professional managers and the lack of efficiency in working. Besides, the style of family business management makes the employees feel that they don't have a chance of promoting. In addition, the combination of accounting and cashier disobeys the principle of Accounting；Employees generally expect a more systematic system. Tourist satisfactory 1. Most tourists who stay here live in southern Taiwan. There are also many tourists from Taipei City and Taipei County during winter and summer vacation. Office workers and government employees whose salaries are among 20,000 to 70,000 visit here from time to time. Therefore, the target market is quite clear. 2. What the tourists are satisfied with the most is the cultural experience offered and what the tourist are satisfied with the least is the price of the products. 3. Tourists are willing to visit here again. More than 91% of the tourists would like to visit here again. Community relationship 1. Culture: Culture is tending to be sold as products; the culture spirit that the products convey is partly unconnected to the culture of the tribe. 2. Economy: It doesn’t have chained economic reactions with the tribe. Instead, it seems to be an independent economy. 3. Society: New communicative relationship is expected to build in social interactions. 4. Politics: Because of the different opinions about politics, sometimes, there might be opposite positions. According to the result of this research, the author has three suggestions to the Bunun Cultural and Educational Foundation and the people of village: Culture marketing 1. Based on balance of power, condense the staff's missions into the goal in accordance with the director's. 2. Plan the marketing tactic in a more scientific way. For example, further confirmation of the environment they are going to face, the implement pricing of the difference, finding the target market, active strike, application of more multiple marketing combination and distribution of power. 3. Introduce professional manager to built culture character professional ways of management. In order to check and balance, separate accounting from cashier. Furthermore, drama performance should be more professional and delicate. Establish partner relationship between directors and staff . Build a fairer, opener, and more moderate system. Tourist satisfaction 1. Lock on the tourists in the areas to the south of Chiayi County and Chayi City, and the tourists in Taipei County and Taipei City. 2. Tourists in these areas are satisfied with the cultural experience. The authorities should deepen cultural spirit, so that the tourists can have different feelings when they come back again,. And the most dissatisfying restaurant should be improved immediately, so that when tourists come back again, they can know the improvement of Bunun Cultural and Educational Foundation. 3. Tourists are willing to come back again. Therefore, Bunun Cultural and Educational Foundation should manage in different ways to increase the chances of contacting with latent customers. Community relationship 1. Culture: Connect o the culture with the tribe as soon as possible and communicate with each other about the recognition toward culture. Then, build modern culture spirit from traditional culture. 2. Economy: Build intergrowth economical relationship. 3. Society: Continue Priest White's spirit. Treat one another with empathy. 4. Politics Abandon ideological thinking. Respect one another and respect the spirit of democracy with open minds.

博士
國立臺灣師範大學
公民教育與活動領導學系
93
The research of the cultural industry and cultural marketing of Taiwan aborigines --- A case study of Bunun Cultural and Educational Foundation Abstract This research , taking Bunun Cultural and Educational Foundation as an example , tries to discuss some questions about the management of cultural industry and the implement of the cultural marketing. Based on historical documents, the author tires to understand the economical changes of Bunum tribe and how their habitations are used to develop leisure, cultural and tourism industry during different stages of economical development in Taiwan. Then, the result can show the advantages for tribes to work on leisure, travel and cultural industry. Moreover, the author takes Bunun Cultural and Educational Foundation in Yen-Ping Village in Taitung County, Taiwan for example, using the participation observation, intensive interview and questionnaire investigation to find out what the target market is, what the blindspot is, what the fault in management and control is, how the tourists are satisfied and if they want to go back again. What are mentioned above can be utilized for the inferences to have sustainable management. The last step is to examine the interaction between Bunun Cultural and Educational Foundation and village trying to explain the reason of intensive relationship between them and to build good interaction in the future on the phases of culture, economy , society and politics. According to the result of document analysis, participation observation, intensive interview and questionnaire investigation, the author divides the outcomes into the following three parts: cultural marketing, tourist satisfactory, and community relationship Cultural marketing 1. The mission of management and short-term goal, and different recognitions between directors and employees 2. The lack of full planning, such as SWOT analysis、 investigation of market goal、 products、price、place、promotion. 3. The lack of professional managers and the lack of efficiency in working. Besides, the style of family business management makes the employees feel that they don''t have a chance of promoting. In addition, the combination of accounting and cashier disobeys the principle of Accounting；Employees generally expect a more systematic system. Tourist satisfactory 1. Most tourists who stay here live in southern Taiwan. There are also many tourists from Taipei City and Taipei County during winter and summer vacation. Office workers and government employees whose salaries are among 20,000 to 70,000 visit here from time to time. Therefore, the target market is quite clear. 2. What the tourists are satisfied with the most is the cultural experience offered and what the tourist are satisfied with the least is the price of the products. 3. Tourists are willing to visit here again. More than 91% of the tourists would like to visit here again. Community relationship 1. Culture: Culture is tending to be sold as products; the culture spirit that the products convey is partly unconnected to the culture of the tribe. 2. Economy: It doesn’t have chained economic reactions with the tribe. Instead, it seems to be an independent economy. 3. Society: New communicative relationship is expected to build in social interactions. 4. Politics: Because of the different opinions about politics, sometimes, there might be opposite positions. According to the result of this research, the author has three suggestions to the Bunun Cultural and Educational Foundation and the people of village: Culture marketing 1. Based on balance of power, condense the staff''s missions into the goal in accordance with the director''s. 2. Plan the marketing tactic in a more scientific way. For example, further confirmation of the environment they are going to face, the implement pricing of the difference, finding the target market, active strike, application of more multiple marketing combination and distribution of power. 3. Introduce professional manager to built culture character professional ways of management. In order to check and balance, separate accounting from cashier. Furthermore, drama performance should be more professional and delicate. Establish partner relationship between directors and staff . Build a fairer, opener, and more moderate system. Tourist satisfaction 1. Lock on the tourists in the areas to the south of Chiayi County and Chayi City, and the tourists in Taipei County and Taipei City. 2. Tourists in these areas are satisfied with the cultural experience. The authorities should deepen cultural spirit, so that the tourists can have different feelings when they come back again,. And the most dissatisfying restaurant should be improved immediately, so that when tourists come back again, they can know the improvement of Bunun Cultural and Educational Foundation. 3. Tourists are willing to come back again. Therefore, Bunun Cultural and Educational Foundation should manage in different ways to increase the chances of contacting with latent customers. Community relationship 1. Culture: Connect o the culture with the tribe as soon as possible and communicate with each other about the recognition toward culture. Then, build modern culture spirit from traditional culture. 2. Economy: Build intergrowth economical relationship. 3. Society: Continue Priest White''s spirit. Treat one another with empathy. 4. Politics Abandon ideological thinking. Respect one another and respect the spirit of democracy with open minds. Key words: Taiwan aborigines, cultural industry, cultural marketing, Bunun Cultural and Educational Foundation , tourist satisfactory

碩士
台北醫學院
醫學研究所
88
In this study, latex agglutination test (LAT) was used to screen sera anti-toxoplasma antibodies of Paiwan aborigines in King-fong district, Bunun aborigines in Hei-don district, and Ames in Chang-bin district,Taitung county as a measure of exposure to the Toxoplasma gondii in eastern Taiwan. Out of 564 Paiwan aborigines, 425 Bunun aborigines and 100 Ames aborigines were tested, the positive rates were 28.7%, 29.7% and 33.0%, respectively. LAT positive sera were further confirmed for toxoplasmosis using microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA). The crude positive rates for sera anti-toxoplasma IgG antibodies were 33.0% for Ames, 19.8% for Bunun and 19.0% for Paiwan, respectively. Except in Chang-bin district, the positive rates in males and females were not significantly different in two other districts (P>0.05). The seroprevalence in adults (24.4%) was significantly higher than that in children (7.0%) (P<0.05) in Paiwan, in contrast, no significant difference in seroprevalence was observed in the other two aboriginal groups. Note that the age pattern of prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies is consistent with increasing duration of exposure to Toxoplasma gondii with age in those aborigines in eastern Taiwan.