Bibliografias temáticas / Building Materials Division

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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Building Materials Division"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 26 de julho de 2024

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Building Materials Division"

Xu, Jian. "Using Rough Set to Develop the Building Materials Management System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 281 (January 2013): 658–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.281.658.

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Materials used in buildings are collectively referred to building materials. Building materials can be divided into structural materials, decoration materials and some special materials. Rough set theory is built on the basis of the classification mechanism, it will be classified understand in a particular space on the equivalence relation, equivalence relations constitute the division of space. The paper puts forward using rough set to develop the building materials management system. The experiment shows the CPU Time in the attribute numbers, indicating that rough set is superior to FCA in building materials management system.

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Chukka, Naga Dheeraj Kumar Reddy, A. Arivumangai, Sanjeev Kumar, et al. "Environmental Impact and Carbon Footprint Assessment of Sustainable Buildings: An Experimental Investigation." Adsorption Science & Technology 2022 (March 31, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8130180.

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Carbon emission has been considerably higher in India in the last few decades. The greenhouse gases increased to an imaginary volume, a major contributor to global warming. Chennai is one of India’s large cosmopolitan cities, contributing more Gross Domestic Product (G.D.P.) and carbon to the atmosphere. The infrastructure sector is always a booming sector in and around Chennai, which requires more construction materials. In turn, the construction of new buildings expands the city with a large area of urban and suburban Chennai, where I.T. division, automobile division, and industrial estates are available. Hence, this study deals with the carbon emission of a residential building constructed with conventional materials in and around Chennai. So, one can estimate the emission of carbon by the conventional building, which leads to global warming and climate change.

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Fauziah ; Hartanto Budiyuwono, Meuthia Rizki. "FORM, SPACE, AND ORDER IN AL-MUNAWAR ARABIC VILLAGE PALEMBANG." Riset Arsitektur (RISA) 3, no. 03 (2019): 295–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/risa.v3i03.3337.295-310.

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Abstract- Arabian came to Indonesia to trade and spread Islam in Indonesia. They came by sea or river. Then they stayed and grew a family with locals on an area. That area became a settlement in a form of a village that known as Arabian Village. One of the famous Arabian Villages is Al-Munawar Arabian Village in Palembang. Al-Munawar Arabian Village is the oldest village in Palembang. This village is still preserve its relics and culture nowadays. One of its remaining relics is eight buildings that decided as heritage buildings. These 8 buildings have their own unique hundreds of year historical background. Three buildings out of eight buildings are picked as object of research.These buildings are land house. These houses adapted Palembang architectural style, which is pyramid house. Land house has “kekijing” in front of its house. Kekijing is a floor with ± 30-40cm terraces. Each step of floor illustrates the depth of faith. The division of land house room follows the division of Islamic residential space. The second building is stone house with Indian architectural style. The wall thickness of this house is ± 37cm. Stone house has an increase of ± 60 cm from ground level. The floor material uses tiles imported directly from Italy. The division of stone house room also follows the division of Islamic residential space. The third building is greenhouse. Greenhouse is a residential home that has changed its function to islamic school with the same shape. This house consists of two floors, the first floor uses brick wall and the second floor uses wooden wall. The division of greenhouse room doesn’t follow the division of Islamic residential space because the building is not a residential house anymore.It’s important to study the cultural heritage buildings in this village. Considering the number of villages and traditional buildings that forgotten because of the modernization. Furthermore, there are few abandoned traditional houses and changed its shape and material became more modern.The purpose of this study is to know the shape, room and the order of the house in Al-Munawar Arabian Village on the Palembang Musi River bank.This is so that traditional buildings in the village will not extinct and become learning materials for all people.The method used is qualitative method. If judged based on the purpose of the research is descriptive research. The data collecting technique are literature study, field observation and interview to the head of neighborhood in the village. This research shows that style of a building and the material that used on the objects of research are different. In addition, the division of residential space such as stone house and greenhouses are still using the division of Islamic residential space, while the greenhouse is no longer. Key Words: Arabic village Palembang, Al-Munawar village, form, space and order.

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Yanlong, Zhao, Bai Jitao, Liang Jiahe, and Simiao Zhang. "Analysis of chemical structure and characteristics of building materials based on element chemistry." E3S Web of Conferences 248 (2021): 01028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124801028.

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Elements in accordance with a certain proportion and spatial arrangement constitute the microstructure of the building materials, which lead to a specific property and function in the macro. From the perspective of element chemistry, we divide common building materials into three categories: silicon-based building materials, carbon-based building materials and iron-based building materials. Then, with the knowledge of valence electron structure and electronic configuration, we systematically expound the three-element building materials system. According to that division mode, we explain the microstructural causes and macroscopic properties of the three-element building materials system through the valence bond theory, so as to provide references for the development and application of building materials.

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Winarsih, Neneng, Firda Ainun Nisah, Siti Halimah, and Nadia Ayudya Adikirana. "PEMILIHAN MATERIAL KONTSRUKSI BANGUNAN PERUMAHAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE ANALISIS HIRARKI PROSES." JURNAL DISPROTEK 14, no. 2 (2023): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.34001/jdpt.v14i2.4460.

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THE SELECTION OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS USING ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS METHODSThe selection of building materials is important in the planning process of housing construction because it will affect the quality of the building and the determination of the selling price of a building. so that an appropriate method is needed in making decisions to determine the specifications of the material to be used. The purpose of this study is to obtain efficient building materials both in terms of price and quality. so that they can support the concept of housing. The concept of housing buildings in this study uses a minimalist concept. The material limitations that will be determined in this study are materials for roof coverings, floor coverings, ceilings, window sills, and doors. The material selection process uses a analysis hierarchy process method with material selection criteria including price, specifications, design, and durability. Each criterion uses three alternatives as a comparison. Data collection was obtained through experts in a housing company with an expert as the head of the planning division. The results of data processing were obtained for the roof covering materials using concrete tiles, floor coverings using granite, ceilings using kalsiboard, window sills using aluminum, and doors using the solid wood material. This research is expected to be useful, especially for construction business actors in determining building materials.

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Oparina, Lyudmila, and Valeriy Ogurtsov. "Consideration of construction materials energy intensity during the capital construction objects life cycle." Smart composite in construction 4, no. 4 (2023): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.52957/2782-1919-2024-4-4-50-60.

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Considerable energy resources are consumed in the production of building materials, during construction and installation works, for operation with current and major repairs, reconstruction, dismantling, utilisation and recycling. As a rule, these energy resources are non-renewable, therefore, for energy saving purposes, it is necessary to take into account the total energy consumption of capital construction facilities during their life cycle. The authors have proposed the structure of a relational database of building materials energy intensity to calculate energy costs. The proposed database contains a list of building materials and energy intensity values at all stages of the life cycle. The novelty of the database is the division of materials by building elements (replaceable, non-replaceable). The article presents fragments of energy intensity calculation of the apartment building life cycle in the Ivanovo city using the proposed database.

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Ignatyev, Aleksey, Valeriy Gotovcev, and Pavel Razgovorov. "Gradient model of liquid adhesion on the building material surface." Smart composite in construction 4, no. 4 (2023): 30–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.52957/2782-1919-2024-4-4-30-49.

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Ma, Haifeng, Ziqiang Zhao, Jucai Chang, Xiangyang Zhang, and Zhiqiang Yin. "Teaching Effect Analysis of the ‘Prefabricated Concrete Structure’ Course Based on Building Information Modeling." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 18, no. 03 (2023): 96–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v18i03.37195.

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The prefabricated building course is a highly theoretical and practical specialized course with strong professionalism and extensive teaching contents. The teaching of prefabricated concrete structures is a significant link in prefabricated building construction and an important direction of cultivating talents applied to prefabricated building construction. Previous teaching features single teaching models, focuses on teaching materials, and highlights theoretical teaching, resulting in students’ low learning initiatives and poor practical ability. In order to improve the teaching effect and students' practical ability, Building Information Modeling (BIM) simulation technology was integrated into the teaching and practice of the prefabricated building courses. Then, the three-stage (guidance of real-scene cases, practical operation based on division of project work, and drawing cross-review) course teaching approach was proposed. With the construction of a prefabricated concrete structure in Hefei Metro of China as an example, students were asked to perform component modeling, assembly, and construction simulation via BIM. Results show that the teaching contents are completed, and the teaching effect is evidently strengthened. Students’ abilities to understand, analyze and practice actual engineering problems are evidently improved, and their problem-solving and practical ability in the aspect of prefabricated buildings is cultivated.

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Sahputra, Zulhadi, Era Nopera Rauzi, and Muhammad Heru Arie Edytia. "The Transformation of Rumoh Aceh Philosophy in Educational Facilities of Balai Pengajian Quran in Aceh Besar." Journal of Islamic Architecture 7, no. 2 (2022): 190–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/jia.v7i2.15328.

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The phenomena of the Acehnese traditional houses philosophy functioned as dwelling houses have shifted into simple educational building design concepts, particularly for the people who live in suburban. The concept is able to be implemented by modern society in Aceh in order to design government buildings, banking offices, and other public buildings. This study aims to identify and analyze how the philosophies of the Acehnese traditional dwelling are transformed into a modest educational facility. The focus area of study is educational facilities owned by the local community located in the suburbs. Is the level of comfort suitable for its function? The study used three stages of research methodology: (1) observation which was carried out by using a typomorphological approach; (2) analysis of elements of Acehnese traditional house construction; and (3) simulation of the factors that determine the comfort of the building. The results of this study indicate the possibility of adapting the traditional Acehnese house design concept into an educational facility. The front porch (Seuramoe Keue) of the space division in Rumoh Aceh can be transformed as Balai Pengajian Quran using wood as primary materials for construction and building.

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Golovko, M. V., A. M. Potyavin, I. A. Ukhalina, A. V. Antsibor, N. A. Efimenko, and Z. S. Rogacheva. "Resource-saving management paradigm in projects of Rosatom State Corporation machine-building division enterprises." Global Nuclear Safety, no. 4 (December 21, 2023): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.26583/gns-2023-04-09.

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The article analyzes current problems and successful practices of implementing lean technologies at Russian enterprises. The purpose of the presented research work is to develop relevant mechanisms, search for tools and technologies with the help of which the mentioned problems (general and specific) can be overcome. The novelty of the research lies in the justification of the transition to a new paradigm of resource-saving management and adaptation of project management and business analysis tools to the projects of lean technology implementation. To investigate the trends in the formation of a new management paradigm based on the active involvement of resource-saving tools, such general scientific methods as analysis of scientific and specialized literature, synthesis, logical and analytical methods were used. Materials of internal reporting of the enterprises of the machine-building division of Rosatom State Corporation are used in the work. The main problems of implementing lean technologies at Russian enterprises are formulated and ranked. The list of enterprise management techniques in accordance with the new management paradigm is presented, as well as their capabilities to improve the efficiency of management decisions. The importance of digital technologies for ensuring the effectiveness of resource-saving projects is substantiated. An approximate strategic map for nuclear power engineering enterprises, based on the balanced scorecard methodology, in the implementation of lean decisions is developed. The most effective projects of enterprises of the machine-building division of the State Atomic Energy Corporation ROSATOM were identified, which can become benchmarking objects for scaling experience among enterprises of other divisions of the State Corporation, as well as for enterprises of other industries and spheres of activity. Despite the rather high degree of development of the problem of lean technology implementation, new realities form specific factors that can make the previous scientific and practical results irrelevant. Further research of this topic should be carried out on the basis of analyzing the dynamics of the external environment leading to fluctuations in the industry and regional markets.

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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Building Materials Division"

Schuchman, Nina Shayne. "Environmental and economic tradeoffs in building materials production in India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90061.

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Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2014. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 87-91). The current and projected growth of India's economy and population will continue to lead to increased demand for buildings and infrastructure, and there is a real need to consider what this increase means in terms of natural resource depletion, air pollution, contributions to global warming through greenhouse gas emissions during production and transport, and energy demands to be placed on an already strained energy network. Fired-clay bricks are the most commonly used building material in India, but recently, masonry units that don't require firing (stabilized bricks) have penetrated the market. There has been an exploration of the amalgamation of traditional earthen building materials combined with chemical binders. While these masonry materials are often considered superior in terms of environmental impact due to their lack of firing in visceral, black smoke-producing kilns, as well as their typically local (even on-site) production, there has been limited research into their actual environmental footprint. This thesis establishes models for robust analysis, and analyzes the environmental and cost tradeoffs associated with various building materials' choices to evaluate the hypothesis that the optimal materials choice is heavily dependent on the local soil composition and industrial ecosystem. That is, there is likely not one answer to the question of which is better: traditional fired clay bricks (red bricks) or alternative, cementitious materials, and instead, decision making must be assisted by analysis of the overall environmental impact of the upstream production and transportation of each material. Because of the variety of conditions throughout India, there is a need for this sort of tool to perform these analyses to determine the conditions under which different building materials have better environmental and/or economic outcomes. The analyses performed in this thesis conclude that there is the potential for alternative materials to break into the market, particularly in areas where red bricks are not produced on an industrial scale. by Nina Shayne Schuchman. S.M. in Technology and Policy

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Antoine, Pierre-Cornélius. "Etude des dalles sur sols renforcés au moyen d'inclusions rigides ou non." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209997.

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Soft soil reinforcement by inclusion is a growing technique caracterized by a pile grid and a granular embankment introduced between the reinforced soil and the structure. Unlike traditionnal methods, the load is partially transferred to the pile heads by arching in the embankment. The application area of this research focuses on the shallow foundations case, in which the thickness of the embankment is small. The litterature review shows that only a few studies were dedicated to that case, and that fundamental questions remains concerning the load transfer in the embankment. Chosen method for this research consists in two-dimensionnal physical modelling, analysis of the conducted simulations, and development of an analytical model in order to predict the load transfer to the piles by arching in the embankment. The results of this PhD thesis provide original elements of evidence of the load transfer in the studied system, proposes an analytical model based on block division of the granular embankment by shear bands - which is in good agreement with experimental data - and lead to a better understanding of arching in soils. Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Livros sobre o assunto "Building Materials Division"

Y, Lee D., Shah S. P, American Society of Civil Engineers. Materials Engineering Division., and ASCE National Convention (1988 : St. Louis, Mo.), eds. New horizons in construction materials: Proceedings of a session sponsored by the Materials Engineering Division of the American Society of Civil Engineers in conjunction with ASCE National Convention in St. Louis, Missouri, October 26, 1988. American Society of Civil Engineers, 1988.

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T, Johnson William, American Society of Civil Engineers. Materials Engineering Division., and ASCE National Convention (1986 : Seattle, Wash.), eds. Construction materials for civil engineering projects: Proceedings of a session sponsored by the Materials Engineering Division of the American Society of Civil Engineers in conjunction with the ASCE Convention in Seattle, Washington, April 7, 1986. American Society of Civil Engineers, 1986.

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Bock, Geoff. The end was to build well: A half-century of Australian government building research. CSIRO Australia, Division of Building, Construction and Engineering, 1995.

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Technical Preservation Services' publications and online materials. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, Technical Preservation Services, 2007.

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Nader, Ghafoori, American Society of Civil Engineers. Materials Engineering Division., Southern Illinois University at Carbondale. Dept. of Civil Engineering and Mechanics., and ASCE National Convention (1993 : Dallas, Tex.), eds. Utilization of industrial by-products for construction materials: Proceedings of the session sponsored by the Materials Engineering Division in conjunction with the ASCE National Convention in Dallas, Texas, October 24-28, 1993. American Society of Civil Engineers, 1993.

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R, Lesuer D., Srivatsan T. S, Minerals, Metals and Materials Society. Structural Materials Division, and Minerals, Metals and Materials Society. Fall Meeting, eds. Modelling the performance of engineering structural materials II: Proceedings of a symposium sponsored by the Structural Materials Division (SMD) of TMS (the Minerals, Metals & Materials Society) held during the fall meeting 2001 ; location, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA ; dates, November 4-8, 2001. TMS, 2001.

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1930-, Paris P. C., Soboyejo W. O, Srivatsan T. S, and Minerals, Metals and Materials Society. Structural Materials Division., eds. High cycle fatigue of structural materials: Symposium proceedings in honor of Professor Paul C. Paris : proceedings of a symposium sponsored by the Structural Materials Division (SMD) of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society (TMS) held during Materials Week '97 in Indianapolis, IN, September 14-18, 1997, hosted by the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society and ASM International. The Society, 1997.

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Simmons, H. Leslie. Building materials: Dangerous properties of products in MasterFormat divisions 7 and 9. Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1997.

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Office, General Accounting. General Services Administration: Response to follow-up questions related to building repairs and alterations and courthouse utilization : [report to] the Honorable Bob Franks, chairman, Subcommittee on Economic Development, Public Buildings, Hazardous Materials, and Pipeline Transportation, Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, House of Representatives. The Office, 2000.

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(Editor), D. R. Lesuer, and T. S. Srivatsan (Editor), eds. Modeling the Performance of Engineering Structural Materials II: Proceedings of a Symposium Sponsored by the Structural Materials Division (Smd) of Tms ... & Materials Society) Held During the fall. Tms, 2001.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Building Materials Division"

"Discussion of strata division of Bingmagou Formation in Yichuan of Yuxi region." In Green Building, Materials and Civil Engineering. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b17568-152.

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Joanny, Jean-François, and Louis Brézin. "Tissues as Active Materials." In Active Matter and Nonequilibrium Statistical Physics. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192858313.003.0010.

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Abstract We discuss the growth of biological tissues and the role of mechanical stresses on tissue growth. The guiding idea is to consider a tissue as a material and to make a continuum mechanics description by building the equivalent of a constitutive equation of the tissue relating the stress in the tissue to a local deformation (strain) or a velocity gradient. However, we need to take into account specific features of tissues. A tissue is a living material, which consumes energy and therefore it cannot be described by equilibrium thermodynamics. A tissue grows because cells divide and it shrinks because cells die. The number of cells in a tissue is therefore not constant. While we lay out this program, we have in mind two types of tissues for which cell division and cell death play an important role: cancerous tissues and animal tissues during early development.

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Nigam, Anukriti, and Avitesh Vaishnavi Nayak. "BACTERIAL CELLULOSE: MATERIAL SCIENCE DRIVEN ARCHITECTURAL INNOVATION." In Futuristic Trends in Construction Materials & Civil Engineering Volume 3 Book 1. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bjce1p1ch3.

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Geometric-driven form generation was the product of the institutionalised division between form, structure, and material that was firmly ingrained in modernist design theory and paralleled by a systematic segmentation between modelling, analysis, and manufacture. This preference for form above substance was included into the creation and design logic of CAD. As a result of current pressures and an increasing understanding of the shortcomings and environmental risks of this strategy, modern design culture is transitioning to a more material- aware mind-set. Inspired by natural processes, where form development is dependent on local variations in the material properties to maximise performance while using the fewest resources possible. This approach assumes that material comes first and that shape results from the organisation of material qualities in relation to structural and environmental performance. Products that are not based on fuel have outstanding mechanical and biodegradability properties, particularly bio- polymers. Bacterial cellulose has proven to be an extraordinarily versatile bio-polymer, drawing interest in a wide range of practical scientific applications including electronics, biomedical devices, and tissue-engineering. Development of bio-fabrication methods connected to material-informed computational modelling and material science is required by the introduction of bacterial cellulose as a building material. The paper reviews, suggests and demonstrates approaches for a material-based strategy in exploiting the enormous potential of Bacterial Celulose-based bio-materials and their potential to have a profound impact on the ideas of architectural innovation and sustainability for a better future.

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Lander, Brian. "Epilogue." In The King's Harvest. Yale University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300255089.003.0008.

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This chapter describes Agrarian states that ran on the energy provided by photosynthesis, so they had a fundamental incentive to replace biodiverse natural ecosystems with agricultural ones. Fossil and nuclear power have vastly increased the energy available, but photosynthesis still feeds and provides most of the raw materials. The chapter refers to the lesson of China's Warring States period, and many other times of intense inter-state competition, which is that the government that most successfully mobilizes resources has an advantage over its rivals. The chapter analyzes the current division of the world into armed rival states, which is a major impediment to building sustainable economies. Strengthening global institutions that reduce competition between states is a necessary step toward building political systems that use resources sustainably.

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Armstrong, John, and David M. Williams. "The Beginnings of a New Technology: The Constructors of Early Steamboats, 1812-1822." In The Impact of Technological Change. Liverpool University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5949/liverpool/9780986497377.003.0015.

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This final chapter considers the engineering and building work involved in the construction of early steamships, using a list of steamboats built between 1811 and 1822 that the authors discovered in British Parliamentary papers. It is divided into five sections. The first explores the source and the possible reasons it has been neglected by historians, and compares it to other contemporary sources to determine its validity. The second explores tonnage and horsepower figures to establish reflective trends. The third explores hull building and the skills and materials necessary, plus the location of their shipyards and the men who worked there. The fourth does the same for engine building, a separate activity requiring different skillsets and materials altogether. The authors highlight that this source is the first to demonstrate the division between hull and engine construction.The fifth section places the findings into context through an exploration of innovation dispersal. The conclusion applies the findings to a wider and long term context, suggesting that the tremendous rate of technological advance in steamships meant that high standards and specialisation became extremely valuable in a very short space of time.

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Harding, D. W. "Chronology, Origins, and Aftermath." In Rethinking Roundhouses. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192893802.003.0008.

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Abstract Monumental and monolithic stone circles of the Neolithic, or their timber counterparts, can hardly provide a template for later domestic architecture. The earliest domestic roundhouses include ring-bank hut-circles of the earlier Bronze Age, and stake-walled roundhouses from unenclosed platform settlements of the second millennium bc. By the Middle Bronze Age a fuller range of timber roundhouses was in evidence in Northern and Southern Britain, some displaying a full range of architectural features such as post-ring, ring-groove, double-walls, and porches. In southern England, key sites like Shearplace Hill and Black Patch of the Middle-Late Bronze Age have been subject to reinterpretation. There has been a major review of Roman rural settlement, prompted by the scale of development-funded excavation, resulting in a diversification of recognized site categories, and superseding the older polarized town vs villa division. Problems of the transition to rectilinear domestic building are partly caused by visibility of building methods, and even the transition to stone foundations is more probably a change of materials than architectural innovation. In some regions roundhouses survive well into the Roman period, though not necessarily as a result of site continuity, and even in the late Roman period roundhouses on villa sites were complementary rather than subordinate to their rectilinear counterparts.

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Maas, Werner. "Building a Scaff old: Genes Within Chromosomes." In Gene Action. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195141313.003.0002.

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Abstract Between 1865 and 1900 major developments occurred in the study of cells, resulting in a field called cytology. It was in the structure and function of the nucleus where important discoveries were made. It was shown that during part of the life cycle of a cell, material present in the nucleus condensed into thread-like structures called chromosomes. The number of chromosomes was the same in all cells of an organism and was characteristic of the species. Prior to cell division, the chromosomes divided in a process called mitosis and each daughter cell received one complete set of chromosomes. In the formation of the male and female germ cells a reduction occurred in the number of chromosomes. During one cell division, the chromosomes did not divide and their number was reduced to half. This reduction division was later called meiosis. At fertilization, male and female germ cells were united and the full complement of chromosomes was restored. All these observations on mitosis and meiosis were made possible by improved techniques of microscopy and by the development of staining techniques by which chromosomes could be visualized. The word chromosome, introduced in 1885, reflects this technique (chromo = color; soma = body).

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Pauschinger, Dennis. "Non/Material Legacies." In Policing Sport Mega-Events. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192848055.003.0008.

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Abstract Chapter 7 examines the main official sport mega-event security measures that were meant to become long-lasting security policies in Brazil. Ranging from material (technologies, camera surveillance architectures, and the Centro Integrado de Comando e Controle (CICC) buildings) to non-material legacies (the cooperation between the different security forces), the ethnography reveals how the technology, the buildings, and the cooperation strategy had only worked in very specific contexts in Rio but failed to provide a long-lasting security strategy, and how in Rio today, the Foucauldian triangle of security governance is complemented by a fourth dimension, the government of things, mainly present in the materiality of security. The analysis suggests that, while the event’s technological legacy cannot fulfil all of the stated security ambitions, it does leave behind a long-lasting surveillance apparatus that will continue to operate in Rio de Janeiro and reproduces the social-spatial division of the city. The integration ambitions worked temporarily but failed to materialize at street level, provoking questions as to whether these efforts will continue in the future.

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Derra, Aleksandra. "Beyond the Nature/Culture Division. Building Complementary Knowledge on Disease." In Roman Ingarden and Our Times: Recent Trends in Phenomenology and Contemporary Philosophy. Ksiegarnia Akademicka Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/9788381383936.06.

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The aim of the article is to present successful instances of building complementary knowledge on disease which go beyond the traditional division between natural and socio-cultural sciences. I argue that this is partially possible due to the changes in biological narratives and feminism’s attitude towards biology, with reciprocal references. First, I describe selected trends in the philosophy of biology which reflect changes in biological research towards more non-reductionist approaches. Then, I present some important aspects of the recent current in feminist studies called ‘new feminist materialism,’ and underline its clear attempt at combining research results from physics, biology, humanities, and social sciences. Finally, I present some main facets of studies on disease: in feminist reflection, Ludwik Fleck’s psycho-sociology of scientific knowledge, and in the medical humanities approach.

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"A Tale of Three Buildings." In The Archival Afterlives of Philippine Cinema. Duke University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478027867-002.

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The 2004 closure of the Philippine Information Agency's Motion Picture Division (PIA-MPD) had negative repercussions on three key collections entrusted to the PIA: films from the National Media Production Center; the Movie and Television Review and Classification Board (including remnants of the defunct Film Archives of the Philippines); and LVN Pictures. Analyzing the makeshift digitization of two propaganda films about Ferdinand Marcos's 1972 declaration of martial law, the chapter affirms the need for public accountability and legislation to safeguard the institutional continuity and autonomy of audiovisual archives from the vagaries of political whim. Reflecting on the archivist-activists who endured the collapse of various archives, the chapter concludes by conceptualizing archival survival as involving more than the material preservation of media. Philippine archival survival also entails exhaustion and persistence on the part of archivists who persevere in institutional conditions they work to change.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Building Materials Division"

Lan, Yiling, Chuanli Kang, Siyao Zhang, jiale Yang, Jinqi Chen, and Lining Fu. "Building facade division based on FPFH feature classification and regional growth." In Advanced Laser Materials and Laser Technology, edited by Zhenxu Bai, Qidai Chen, and Yidong Tan. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2648942.

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Gosau, Jan-Michael. "Regolith Stabilization and Building Materials for the Lunar Surface." In Thirteenth ASCE Aerospace Division Conference on Engineering, Science, Construction, and Operations in Challenging Environments, and the 5th NASA/ASCE Workshop On Granular Materials in Space Exploration. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412190.028.

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Chan, Clayton Y. K., Billy W. L. Siu, and Franklin K. L. To. "Design and Construction for the First Semi-Cavern Building in Hong Kong – A Case Study in Tseung Kwan O – Lam Tin Tunnel." In The HKIE Geotechnical Division 43rd Annual Seminar. AIJR Publisher, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.159.24.

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The Tseung Kwan O – Lam Tin Tunnel (TKO-LTT) has been commissioned since December 2022, which is a new truck road linking Tseung Kwan O and Kowloon urban area, with about 2.2 km long rock tunnels. This tunnel connects the Cross Bay Link in the east, and the Trunk Road T2 in the west, forming the integrated part of future Route 6, servicing the second tunnel for TKO residents to Kowloon with shortened travelling time. At the TKO Portal, two large-span caverns were designed and constructed to accommodate a semi-cavern tunnel ventilation buildings. This idea was proposed to reduce the surface footprint of ventilation building by placing its significant portion into the caverns. With this innovative semi-cavern building scheme, the slope cutting and stabilization works have been minimised, the disposal of excavated materials and tree felling have been reduced, it also improves the visual impact of the ventilation building and enhanced the construction programme. With portion of ventilation building inside the caverns, it could provide stable environment for E&M equipment with regard to weather protection, steady temperature and humidity. The challenges in terms of geology, hydrogeology and geotechnical engineering have been overcome successfully throughout the project implementation. This innovative engineering solution also provided significant benefits to the project in terms of cost effectiveness, sustainability and energy efficient aspects in the construction and operation stages of the project. This semi-cavern building scheme is a perfect example that the industry is utilising underground space and promoting rock cavern development in Hong Kong. This paper presents a successful case study for the rock semi-cavern works in TKO-LTT from the planning, detailed design to construction stages.

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Alfocea-Roig, Anna, Sergio Huete-Hernandez, Alex Maldonado-Alameda, Jessica Giro-Paloma, Josep Maria Chimenos-Ribera, and Joan Formosa-Mitjans. "Development of Animal Fibres Composites for Construction Applications." In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.750.

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Climate change has become one of the world’s leading threats. Currently, the construction industry has a high environmental footprint. For this reason, the scientific and technological sector is looking for new materials to reduce the environmental consequences of this division. It is well known that the valorisation of different by-products can contribute to the reduction of the energy global consumption and CO2 emissions. Magnesium Phosphate Cement (MPC) can be obtained by using Low Grade Magnesium Oxide (LG-MgO) as a by-product from the industrial process of magnesite calcination. In this research, a Sustainable MPC (Sust-MPC) for different construction purposes is developed by using LG-MgO along with monopotassium phosphate KH2PO4 (MKP) as raw materials. The increasing use of synthetic fibres in clothing, as well as China’s competitive prices on Animal Fibres (AF) market, have led to a commercial interest fibre decrease for wool-like AF in Spain. This study aims to formulate a Sust-MPC cement with Animal Fibre (AF) to reduce the cost of the new material (Sust-MPC-AF) and to increase the thermal insulation, allowing the use of Sust-MPC-AF in several potential applications. Besides, it should be emphasized that the final pH of Sust-MPC is neutral, which allows containing natural fibres. To develop Sust-MPC-AF, some properties such as thermal conductivity, density, Modulus of Elasticity (MoE), flexural strength, and economic cost were evaluated using the Design of Experiments (DoE). The DoE studies allowed obtaining a model for further optimization considering minimum thermal conductivity and cost dosages. The formulation 30L-25EW presents the minimum conductivity (λ=0.140 W·m-1·K-1). Therefore, two optimal dosages (36L-25EW and 24L-22EW) are obtained by considering mixing variables such as AF/Cement ratio (AF/C) and AF/Extra Water ratio (AF/EW).

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Lu, Xilin, and Ying Zhou. "Applications of Energy Dissipation Technologies in Reconstruction After 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-26011.

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On May 12, 2008 a magnitude of MW 8.0 earthquake hit Wenchuan in China. The earthquake engineering specialists’ reaction to the earthquake can be divided into two stages. At the first stage, immediately following the event, they spent day to day in the field surveying the damage to buildings and evaluating the performance of structures. Based on those results, the second stage for the post-quake reconstruction started. Earthquake engineering experts devoted themselves to designing the new buildings and strengthening the damaged buildings. In the design of new buildings, new national codes were published with higher protection levels of earthquake ground motions in the quake-hit area and sustainable development concept was applied by using recycled materials of building waste to avoid further damages to environment in the area of strong earthquakes. In the retrofitting of the damaged buildings, energy dissipation devices are more acceptable than before by decision-makers for its high performance. This paper introduces engineering cases of energy dissipation technologies applied in the new and retrofit project. It is shown that, through the applications of these advanced technologies, the structural performance is effectively enhanced.

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Seo, Seungwon, Jungjae Lee, and Yongjin Cho. "Pool Scrubbing Efficiency of Hypothesized Filtered Containment Venting System for APR1400 Nuclear Power Plants." In ASME 2017 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2017-69387.

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For a severe accident (a core melting accident) of nuclear power plants, a heat-up of the molten core might cause a overpressurizing of containment building to be damaged, if there couldn’t be given a proper cooling and/or a depressurizing strategy. In order to depressurize containment building and also to minimize the release of radioactive materials, filtered containment venting system (FCVS) might be used for a one of possible options. For a wet-type FCVS, radioactive aerosol released from molten core could be decontaminated by water pool, which is called pool scrubbing effect. The objective of this study is to find out regulatory insights for evaluating a wet-type FCVS for Korean nuclear power plant, APR1400. MELCOR, which is a severe accident analysis code developed by Sandia National Laboratories, was used for simulating postulated accidents. A full-plant scale calculation was performed considering the accident conditions such as temperature, pressure flow rate from containment to the pool of FCVS, behavior of radioactive materials and decontamination factors (DFs) for them. FCVS was operated with containment pressure set points. The decrease thermal margin between containment atmosphere and the pool of the FCVS influenced the DF, because the decreased amount of the steam due to the lowered thermal margin interrupted the radioactive aerosols and steam condensed.

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Du, Yu, Jun Zhang, Weidong Li, and Ping Hu. "Lightweight Design Analysis Based on a Coupled Structural-Acoustic Model for Rectangular Enclosures." In ASME 2012 Noise Control and Acoustics Division Conference at InterNoise 2012. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ncad2012-0920.

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As an effort to reduce energy consumption and hazardous emissions, lightweight design has become more and more important for new vehicle developments. Substituting conventional steel material with other low-density materials in building vehicle structures is one typical approach for lightweight designs. To investigate the influence of the structural weight change on the noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) performance, this study presents a structural-acoustic coupled model of a rectangular shaped cavity enclosed by 1 or 2 flexible panels. Using this modal, parametric studies aiming at reducing the total structural weight and simultaneously improving the NVH performance are conducted. For the case of a single flexible panel subject to a point force excitation, it is found that substituting the heavier steel panel with a lighter Al panel may actually reduce the sound radiation inside the cavity at the low frequency range. On the other hand, at higher frequencies, the noise radiation level is roughly inversely proportional to the material density. For the case with dual flexible panels, although it is predicted that the two panels are weakly coupled through the acoustic cavity at most frequencies, the noise level may still be reduced at a lighter structural weight in certain cases.

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Gruetzmacher, Kathleen M., Roland M. Bustos, Susan S. Ramsey, Steven C. Myers, and Lucas E. Gallegos. "Using the HERCULES System to Segregate Room Trash From the LANL Plutonium Facility and CMR Building." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4975.

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The Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Plutonium Facility (PF-4) and the Chemistry and Metallurgy Research (CMR) building are radiological facilities operated by the Nuclear Materials Technology (NMT) Division. Combined, these facilities generate approximately 262 m3 of low-level waste (LLW) per year of routine room trash from laboratories in radiological controlled areas (RCAs). It has been estimated that 50 to 90% of this low-density room trash is free of radioactive contamination and eligible for inclusion in LANL’s Green is Clean (GIC) program. GIC waste includes all non-regulated waste from RCAs that has been actively segregated as nonradioactive through the use of the waste generator’s acceptable knowledge (AK). The High Efficiency Radiation Counter for Ultimate Low Emission Sensitivity (HERCULES) system is one of several nondestructive assay (NDA) measurement systems used in the GIC program to verify the generator’s AK. This highly sensitive system is optimized to detect very small quantities of common LANL radionuclides, especially isotopes of plutonium, americium, and uranium. A pilot project was conducted in collaboration with NMT Division waste management personnel to determine which RCAs generate the greatest volumes of potential low-density GIC wastes. The HERCULES system was used to screen a portion of the low-density laboratory room trash that NMT shipped to LANL’s low-level waste disposal facility in a six-month period from October, 2002–March, 2003. This consisted of 1350 plastic lined cardboard boxes (0.305m × 0.305m × 0.610m) containing between 2.0–13.5 kg each of room trash. Results of the HERCULES screening indicate that with no active segregation attempts by the generator, 33% of the low-level waste boxes are free of radioactive contamination. An additional 42% of the boxes exhibited very low total activities and could probably become legitimate GIC wastes with active segregation employed during the waste generation process. Thus, the expansion of the GIC program to include low-density laboratory room trash could significantly reduce the total volume of LLW generated by NMT Division.

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Lidbury, David, Elisabeth Keim, Bernard Marini, Lorenzo Malerba, and Asmahana Zeghadi. "Overview of RPV Sub-Project of PERFORM 60." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25980.

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PERFORM 60 (prediction of the effects of radiation for reactor pressure vessel and in-core materials using multi-scale modelling - 60 years foreseen plant lifetime) is a 48-month project of the 7th Framework of the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM) being carried out under the auspices of the Directorate General Research, Technology and Development (DG.RTD) of the European Commission. Launched in March 2009, and building on the achievements of PERFECT, a EURATOM 6th Framework project, PERFORM 60 has as its main objective the development of multi-scale modelling tools integrated onto a common software platform, aimed at predicting for PWRs (i) the effects of irradiation on RPV materials (low alloy bainitic steels), and (ii) the combined effects of irradiation and corrosion on internals (austenitic stainless steels). Accordingly, PERFORM 60 is based on two main technical sub-projects (i) RPV and (ii) Internals. An Integration sub-project serves to facilitate software development. A Users’ Group supports the main technical sub-projects and allows representatives of constructors, utilities, regulators and research organizations from Europe and further afield to receive the information and training needed to make their own appraisal as to the validity of the developed tools. A significant effort is also being made to train young researchers in the field of physical modelling of materials degradation due to neutron irradiation. The paper describes the general background to PERFORM 60 and provides an overview of the RPV sub-project (SP-1) in terms of its organisation, objectives and technical work programme.

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Kreis, Kevin F., and Sangjin Ryu. "Automated Mini-Channel Platform for Studying Plant Root Environments." In ASME 2021 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2021-65493.

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Abstract Plants are crucial to our lives because they provide us with building materials, oxygen, and food. A season’s crop yield can be significantly affected by local environmental factors. In particular, improving fundamental understanding of plant root interactions with their local soil environment, or rhizosphere, will help improve crop yield. Studying such interactions is challenging because roots are underground, making it difficult to observe interactions and to manipulate the local soil environment. The goal of this study was to develop an automated mini-channel platform to investigate how plant roots respond to changes in their environment using corn as a model plant. Considering the size of corn seedling roots, mini-channel devices were fabricated in soft lithography using master molds produced with a 3D printer and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Our use of a 3D printer instead of photolithography allowed for a broader range of PDMS mold designs, such as including embedded rubber gaskets built into the mold. Then, corn seedlings were grown inside the transparent mini-channel devices, and they were found to consume an observable amount of nitrate over time. Image processing was employed to measure the contour length of the roots for quantitative characterization of root growth. Then, an automated platform was developed to measure the growth rate of the corn seedling roots and the consumed nitrate over time. The automated platform maintained the level of growth medium in the channel device, and was equipped with a digital camera to image the root growing in the channel, electrochemical sensors to measure changes in nitrate concentration in the channel, and sensors to measure temperature and humidity. Therefore, the platform could automatically measure root growth while simultaneously measuring root environment. The platform’s adaptable design, simple fabrication, and low cost make it simple to replicate and use to study different plants and environmental stimuli.

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