Conecte-se

Bibliografias temáticas / Bridges

Índice

Artigos de revistas
Teses / dissertações
Livros
Capítulos de livros
Trabalhos de conferências
Relatórios de organizações

Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Bridges"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 4 de junho de 2021

Última modificação: 31 de julho de 2024

Crie uma referência precisa em APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, e outros estilos

Selecione um tipo de fonte:

Consulte a lista de atuais artigos, livros, teses, anais de congressos e outras fontes científicas relevantes para o tema "Bridges".

Ao lado de cada fonte na lista de referências, há um botão "Adicionar à bibliografia". Clique e geraremos automaticamente a citação bibliográfica do trabalho escolhido no estilo de citação de que você precisa: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

Você também pode baixar o texto completo da publicação científica em formato .pdf e ler o resumo do trabalho online se estiver presente nos metadados.

Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Bridges"

1

Abdul Salam, Ayisha Sana, e Anila S. "Response of T Beam Bridge by Varying Skew Angle". Journal of Recent Activities in Infrastructure Science 9, n.º 2 (10 de julho de 2024): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/jorais.2024.v09i02.003.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Bridges are ensuring the smooth flow of goods and people. The seismic performance of bridges, especially those with unique geometries, such as T-beam bridges with zero skew angles, is paramount in earthquake-prone regions. This project comprehensively analyses a T-beam bridge with a 10⁰ to 50⁰ skew angle. The response of T-beam bridges to varying skew angles is a critical area of study in structural engineering, as skewed bridges are standard in modern infrastructure due to geometric and site constraints. This research investigates the impact of different skew angles on the structural performance of T-beam bridges, focusing on parameters such as bending moments, shear forces, deflections, and stress distribution. The study uses finite element analysis and empirical data to reveal how increasing skew angles affect T-beam bridges' load-carrying capacity and deformation behaviour. The study encompasses several key aspects: Detailed documentation of the bridge's geometry, materials used, and construction techniques employed in the T-beam Bridge under consideration and the development of a finite element model to represent the T-beam Bridge accurately, comparison by varying the skew angles and applying various seismic ground motion records to simulate the bridge's response under earthquake-induced loading and assess the bridge's performance using performance metrics such as moment, shear and torsion levels.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

2

Radnić, Jure, Domagoj Matešan e Ivan Banović. "Bridges with multiple structural systems: The example of Trilj Bridge reconstruction in Croatia". Bridge Structures 17, n.º 1-2 (11 de junho de 2021): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/brs-210185.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Development of multiple structural systems for bridges is useful in the design of new bridges and rehabilitation of existing bridges. This paper briefly presents some existing bridges with multiple structural systems and succinctly discusses design ideas for bridges with such systems. As an example of a bridge with multiple structural systems, the paper presents the reconstruction of a pedestrian suspension bridge in the City of Trilj, Croatia. The new bridge’s load-bearing structure is composed of several structural systems. Namely, the reconstructed bridge is a combination of suspension, cable-stayed and stress-ribbon bridge, which is laterally restrained with horizontal tensioned ropes. Numerical analysis was conducted on the renovated bridge. The results have shown an acceptable levels of stresses and deflections verifying the structural safety of the restored bridge. It is believed that this example of the bridge renovation may be useful in the design of new and strengthening of existing similar bridges.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

3

Mohandas G.V e Sitansu k.Panda. "Hair pin bends of epicardial coronary arteries - a unique feature in multiple myocardial bridges". International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, n.º 3 (26 de julho de 2019): 2250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v10i3.1460.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Myocardial bridge(MB) is an anatomical variant. Sometimes MB can cause compression over the coronary arteries and causes ischemic heart diseases.MB associated with bends of coronary arteries double the risk of coronary artery disease. So the present study aimed to find out the incidence of bends of the coronary artery along with the myocardial bridging. 100 heart specimens were obtained from routine dissection conducted for undergraduate students in the department of Anatomy IMS & SUM Hospital Bhubaneswar. After the simple dissecting procedure, epicardial coronary arteries, their branches and myocardial bridges and hairpin bends of coronary arteries were observed. Myocardial bridges present 41 (41%) over Left anterior descending artery(LAD) only.Among 41 hearts single myocardial bridge present in 37((90.25%) hearts, double myocardial bridge were present in 3((7.31%) hearts and triple myocardial bridges present in only one heart(2.44%). Hairpin bends of the coronary artery were present in double and triple myocardial bridged hearts only. No hairpin bends of the coronary artery was observed in the single myocardial bridge. Hair pin bends of the coronary arteries are the unique features of the myocardial bridges in multiple myocardial bridges, i.e. double and triple myocardial bridges. However, hairpin bends of coronary arteries were absent in single myocardial bridged hearts.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

4

SOUSA, Helder, Bruno J. A. COSTA, António Abel HENRIQUES, João BENTO e Joaquim A. FIGUEIRAS. "ASSESSMENT OF TRAFFIC LOAD EVENTS AND STRUCTURAL EFFECTS ON ROAD BRIDGES BASED ON STRAIN MEASUREMENTS". JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 22, n.º 4 (13 de dezembro de 2015): 457–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2014.897991.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Several technical and scientific publications have been made available focussing on Bridge Weight-in-Motion (BWIM) concerning railway bridges. On the contrary, BWIM analysis on road bridges are more scarce and therefore, this work intends to provide a contribution by presenting the BWIM analysis performed on two major road bridges in Portugal – Lezíria Bridge and Pinhão Bridge. These bridges are equipped with electric and optical strain gauges, acquisition systems with features that allow high sampling rates. Based on the collected data and focussing on the bridges’ lifetime, a probabilistic approach to quantify extreme traffic loads was implemented using extreme distribution functions. The bridges’ behaviour to these extreme traffic loads is numerically evaluated and a comparison with the alarm levels established by the bridge designers is performed. Although the bridge’s safety is not compromised, it was concluded that the representativeness of the observation period is a critical issue and the analysis of this kind of results must be carefully considered. A comprehensive discussion about this matter is carried out at the end of this work.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

5

Wibowo, Heriyanto, e Sinung Tri Nugroho. "Penerapan Metode Analythic Hierarchy Process untuk Pengambilan Keputusan Pemilihan Desain Jembatan Kereta Api". Jurnal Teknik Transportasi 1, n.º 1 (20 de abril de 2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54324/jtt.v1i1.429.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Padalarang - Purwakarta line track is a very crowded but potential track since it connects Jakarta - Bandung. Argo Parahyangan train and freight train are passing through this track. Therefore, it is crucial to build double track lane. However, it is difficult to execute due to a wide and deep river which requires a new bridge with a complex high cost construction. That is the reason why, an in-depth evaluation of the bridge design is needed. In selecting the bridge design, the Analytical Hierarchy Process was used as the selection method. The method would applied a four-level developed structure: the first level was the goal of choosing the Optimum Bridge Design, the second level was the people involved, the third level was the evaluation criteria, the last level was the alternative bridge to be built. The data was taken from the questionnaires filled by six respondents of the railway bridge's construction experts. The results show that the order of the bridge's design selection is as follows: 0.395 for concrete bridges; 0.213 for steel arch bridges; 0.199 for steel frame bridges; and 0.194 for cable bridges.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

6

Tasnic, Mihail, e Ilia Catereniuc. "Some morphological aspects of myocardial bridges". Moldovan Medical Journal 64, n.º 2 (maio de 2021): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.52418/moldovan-med-j.64-2.21.11.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Background: Myocardial bridges are variants of the intramyocardial position of the coronary arteries. In the specialty literature, hot topics in cardiovascular field are myocardial infarction and non-obstructive coronary artery disease with frequent connection with myocardial bridges. Material and methods: The morphological study was based on the analysis of 200 human hearts and fragments of coronary arteries. The retrospective study was focused on the analysis of 6168 coronary angiography reports, to identify patients with myocardial bridges, their preferred location, the degree of systolic stenosis, the association between myocardial bridges and proximal to bridge and under the bridge coronary atherosclerosis. Results: The complete myocardial bridges were described in 62% of the analyzed hearts and only in 5.3% of the total number of studied coronarographies. In the majority of cases, the complete myocardial bridges covered the anterior interventricular branch. The degree of subpontine arterial systolic stenosis varied within 10-95%. The comparative study did not determine any correlations between the degree of subpontine vascular compression and the degree of the left ventricular myocardial hypertrophy. In 32% of cases were described proximal to bridge atherosclerotic plaques and only in one case (0.5%) – distal to bridge atherosclerotic plaques, located immediately under the bridge. Conclusions: The research findings underline the differences in anatomical and angiographic incidence of myocardial bridges, and the inability of all bridges to reduce the lumen of under bridged artery. Current study emphasizes attention to the topography of bridges, the correlation with ventricular hypertrophy and coronary atherosclerosis.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

7

Li, Zi Qi, e Yan Yan Fan. "Study on Seismic Response Reduction of a Long-Span Cable-Stayed Bridge by Adding Viscous Dampers at the Different Positions". Advanced Materials Research 295-297 (julho de 2011): 2304–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.295-297.2304.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Bridge is an important part of transport system, especially for the long-span bridges of important route. And it belongs to the lifeline project. It is an important measure for reducing the secondary disaster to ensure bridge’s normality in traffic after the earthquake. Currently, the isolation seismic design of long-span bridges with the special structure is used to reduce damage of bridges by the reason of the earthquake. Based on damping principle of the viscous dampers, the calculation and analysis of what the effect of shock absorption done by damper in decorate position of long-span cable-stayed bridge to structure of bridges are formulated in this paper.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

8

Campbell, Kristopher, Myra Lydon, Nicola-Ann Stevens e Su Taylor. "Analysis of Arch Bridge Condition Data to Identify Network-Wide Controls and Trends". Infrastructures 9, n.º 4 (4 de abril de 2024): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures9040070.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

This paper outlines an initial analysis of 20 years of data held on an electronic bridge management database for approximately 3500 arch bridges across Northern Ireland (NI) by the Department for Infrastructure. Arch bridges represent the largest group of bridge types, making up nearly 56% of the total bridge stock in NI. This initial analysis aims to identify trends that might help inform maintenance decisions in the future. Consideration of the Bridge Condition Indicator (BCI) average value for the overall arch bridge stock indicates the potential for regional variations in the overall condition and the potential for human bias in inspections. The paper presents the most prevalent structural elements and associated defects recorded in the inspections of arch bridges. This indicated a link to scour and undermining for the worst-conditioned arch bridges. An Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) analysis identified function, number of spans, and deck width as significant factors during the various deterioration stages in a bridge’s lifecycle.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

9

Mudahemuka, Eugene, Masatatsu Miyagi, Ryota Shin, Naoki Kaneko, Yukihiko Okada e Kyosuke Yamamoto. "Estimating Bridge Natural Frequencies Based on Modal Analysis of Vehicle–Bridge Synchronized Vibration Data". Sensors 24, n.º 4 (6 de fevereiro de 2024): 1060. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24041060.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

This paper presents a method for accurately estimating the natural frequencies of bridges by simultaneously measuring the acceleration vibration data of vehicles and bridges and applying modal analysis theory. Vibration sensors synchronized with GPS timing were installed on both vehicles and bridges, achieving stable and high-precision time synchronization. This enabled the computation of the bridge’s Frequency Response Functions (FRFs) for each mode, leading to a refined estimation of natural frequencies. The validity of the theory was confirmed through numerical simulations and experimental tests. The simulations confirmed its effectiveness, and similar trends were observed in actual bridge measurements. Consequently, this method significantly enhances the feasibility of bridge health monitoring systems. The proposed method is suitable for road bridges with spans ranging from short- to medium-span length, where the vehicle is capable of exciting the bridge.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

10

Zhang, Tian, Haonan Chen, Xinjia Cui, Pengfei Li e Yunfeng Zou. "Condition Rating Prediction for Highway Bridge Based on Elman Neural Networks and Markov Chains". Applied Sciences 14, n.º 4 (9 de fevereiro de 2024): 1444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14041444.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Bridges are a critical component of transportation infrastructure, playing a vital role in connectivity. The safe operation of bridges demands significant resource and capital investment, particularly as the operation phase is the most extended period in a bridge’s life cycle. Therefore, the efficient allocation of resources and funds is crucial for the maintenance and repair of bridges. This study addresses the need to predict changes in bridge condition over time. The commonly used state-based Markov chain method for bridge condition rating prediction is straightforward but limited by its assumptions of homogeneity and memorylessness. To improve upon this, we propose a novel method that integrates an Elman neural network with a Markov chain to predict the bridge condition rating. Initially, the ReliefF algorithm conducts a sensitivity analysis on bridge features to obtain the importance ranking of these features that affect the bridge condition. Next, six significant features are selected for data classification: bridge age, average daily truck traffic volume, material type, skew angle between bridges and roads, bridge deck structure type, and bridge type. The Elman neural network is then trained to train a prediction model for bridge condition ratings using the classified data, which can predict the condition levels of bridges. The Markov chain’s transition probability matrix is derived using a genetic algorithm to match the deterioration curve predicted by the Elman neural network. This proposed method, when applied to actual bridge data, demonstrates its effectiveness as evidenced by the condition rating of an actual bridge.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

Mais fontes

Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Bridges"

1

Hirachan, Jasmeen. "Development of experimental influence lines for bridges". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 1.88 Mb., 91 p, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/1435843.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

2

Ross, Justin Henry. "Evaluating ultimate bridge capacity through destructive testing of decommissioned bridges". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 154 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1338919151&sid=8&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Thesis (M.C.E.)--University of Delaware, 2007.
Principal faculty advisors: Michael J. Chajes and Jennifer Righman McConnell, Dept. of Civil & Environmental Engineering. Includes bibliographical references.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

3

Donnée, Nicole Elizabeth Hughes Mary Leigh. "Automated screening tool for the stability of highway bridges subject to scour". Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2008/SPRING/Civil_Engineering/Thesis/Donnee_Nicole_6.pdf.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

4

Nelson, James Lee. "Behavior of GFRP Bridge Decks for Highway Bridges". NCSU, 2005. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12022005-144948/.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

This research presents the results of an experimental program undertaken at the North Carolina State University (NCSU) Constructed Facilities Laboratory (CFL) to evaluate the performance of a new innovative glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bridge deck. This bridge deck is produced commercially by Martin Marietta Composites of Raleigh, NC under the trade name of DuraSpan. The experimental program involved examining the behavior of 5.00 inch deep and 7.66 inch deep DuraSpan bridge deck profiles. The program included numerous quasi-static flexural tests, testing of connection details to facilitate the development of a railing system, evaluation of the performance of the bond lines in negative moment regions, and an evaluation of the coefficient of thermal expansion. A finite element model was developed to predict the stiffness of the bridge deck at service load levels. Finite element optimization techniques were used in conjunction with coupon test data and the large scale flexural test data to calibrate the model.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

5

Li, Zhenhu, e 李振虎. "Damage identification of bridges from signals measured with a moving vehicle". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206353.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Identifying damage of a bridge from a vehicle moving over it is an attractive idea especially for those bridges without structural health monitoring systems as it is faster than putting sensors on the bridges. Many parts of highways and railways have been constructed on bridges and it is important to ensure that they are in good conditions. Therefore a large amount of bridges need to be monitored and for the sake of economy the monitoring should be efficient. If an instrumented vehicle can identify the occurrence and locations of damage by running over the bridges, it would save a lot of labor and time. As acceleration is easier to acquire, it is used as the main signal for damage detection. Research in this area is relatively little, not to mention the need to take into account road surface roughness and experimental verification. Frequencies can be conveniently extracted from the vehicle response. The damage can hence be identified based on the relationship between the change of frequencies and the fractional change of strain energy. A vehicle-bridge interaction system is used to simulate the process of a vehicle running over a bridge and obtain the vehicle response for investigation. The proposed method can identify damage of simply supported and multi-span continuous bridges taking into account road surface roughness and measurement noise. They are also validated in the laboratory where a simply supported bridge is modeled using an aluminum beam and the vehicle is modeled with aluminum vehicles. This method can limit the damage location to two potential locations. The multi-level multi-pass strategy makes use of the identification from the above method, applies genetic algorithm and lets the vehicle run over the bridge at various speeds. The unique damage location can then be identified. A numerical study for simply supported bridges and multi-span continuous bridges has verified its effectiveness. Continuous wavelet transform (CWT) can identify local changes in a signal as damage is assumed to cause local change to the vehicle response, which makes it suitable for damage detection from vehicle response. However, the road surface roughness and measurement noise often mask the information about damage. Smoothing technique and damage indicators are proposed to help with the identification. By validating the method with a numerical vehicle-bridge interaction system and model tests in the laboratory, the damage can be correctly identified. Additional masses and sinusoidal excitation force can help with the identification too. Repeated application of CWT involves applying the CWT to the coefficients of continuous wavelet again and again, which can also improve the results. If CWT is treated as a mathematical microscope, repeated application of CWT is like amplifying the signal several times. The effectiveness of the method has been verified numerically and experimentally. In summary, a convenient and efficient technique to test the conditions of bridges by putting sensors on a moving vehicle is proposed and the method is verified by numerical and experimental studies. It can provide an alternative or a useful complement to conventional structural health monitoring systems.
published_or_final_version
Civil Engineering
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

6

Snedeker, Katherine O. "Evaluation of performance and maximum length of continuous decks in simple-span bridges". Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28210.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

7

Sugioka, Koichi. "Life cycle evaluation of fatigue mitigation for orthotropic steel bridge decks". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3232.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Bridges with orthotropic steel decks have been built across the world over the past 60 years because they provide high strength and stiffness at a relatively low cost. However, a number of these bridges have sustained fatigue fractures. The investigation described in this thesis was carried out in order to identify cost-effective fatigue crack mitigation techniques by using the deck surfacing to reduce the stresses in the steel deck. Epoxy asphalt with an expanded metal mesh was investigated with small- and large-scale laboratory tests. Finite element analyses were also performed. The small scale tests conducted at different temperatures and loading frequencies showed that asphalt stiffness increased with decreasing temperature and faster loading. The expanded metal mesh in the epoxy asphalt layer noticeably increased asphalt stiffness. In the large scale tests and finite element analyses, critical loading positions to cause stress concentrations at the fatigue prone rib-to-deck welded connections were determined with different tyre configurations. The stress reduction due to the deck surfacing was estimated for the critical loading positions. The full scale test specimen was subjected to actual truck tyres. With the effectiveness of mitigation techniques for fatigue cracks on orthotropic steel bridge decks known, a probability-based fatigue lifetime evaluation methodology using Monte Carlo simulation was developed. The deck surfacing effects with seasonal and hourly temperature variations were considered. The fatigue lifetime extension using the epoxy asphalt was quantified. For a particular bridge, cost-effective maintenance scenarios were investigated. A simple calculation method for fatigue lifetime was introduced for engineers or bridge owners to assist understanding of decision support tool concepts.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

8

Ding, Qiang. "Buffeting analysis of cable-supported bridges under turbulent wind in time domain /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21106538.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

9

Williams, Melissa. "A plan for the long-term performance of bridges". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 229 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1251904781&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

10

Krajewski, Joseph E. "Bridge inspection and interferometry". Link to electronic thesis, 2006. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-050406-092613/.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

Mais fontes

Livros sobre o assunto "Bridges"

1

Ardley, Neil. Bridges. Ada, OK: Garrett Educational Corporation, 1990.

Encontre o texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

2

Rickard, Graham. Bridges. New York: Bookwright Press, 1987.

Encontre o texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

3

Bakht, Baidar, e Aftab Mufti. Bridges. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17843-1.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

4

Daniel, Moreton, ed. Bridges. New York: Scholastic, 1999.

Encontre o texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

5

David, Outerbridge, ed. Bridges. New York: Abrams, 1989.

Encontre o texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

6

ill, Bova Louise, e K'NEX Industries, eds. Bridges. New York: Scholastic, 2001.

Encontre o texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

7

Uma, Nair, e Art Alive Gallery, eds. Bridges. [New Delhi: Art Alive Gallery, 2005.

Encontre o texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

8

Richards, Julie. Bridges. North Mankato, Minn: Smart Apple Media, 2003.

Encontre o texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

9

Oxlade, Chris. Bridges. Austin, Tex: Raintree Steck-Vaughn, 1997.

Encontre o texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

10

Richardson, Joy. Bridges. New York: F. Watts, 1994.

Encontre o texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

Mais fontes

Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Bridges"

1

Matsagar, Vasant, Saeid Eslamian, Kaveh Ostad-Ali-Askari, Mohammad Raeisi, George Lee, Sona Pazdar e Aida Bagheri-Basmenji. "Bridges". In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 1–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12127-7_35-1.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

2

Bonnington, C. Paul, e Charles H. C. Little. "Bridges". In The Foundations of Topological Graph Theory, 153–59. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2540-9_10.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

3

Wenzel, Helmut. "Bridges". In Handbook of Technical Diagnostics, 429–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25850-3_22.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

4

Holmes, John D., e Seifu A. Bekele. "Bridges". In Wind Loading of Structures, 383–408. Fourth edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021. |: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429296123-12.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

5

Crane, Ralph J. "Bridges". In Inventing India, 75–99. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230380080_4.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

6

Uzmi, Zartsh Afzal, e Tariq Mahmood Jadoon. "Bridges". In Handbook of Computer Networks, 390–402. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118256053.ch25.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

7

Matsagar, Vasant, Saeid Eslamian, Kaveh Ostad-Ali-Askari, Mohammad Raeisi, George Lee, Sona Pazdar e Aida Bagheri-Basmenji. "Bridges". In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 74–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73568-9_35.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

8

Roznowski, Rob. "Bridges". In Roadblocks in Acting, 167–78. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-60970-0_9.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

9

Lassmann, Wolfgang. "Bridges". In Lost To Desire, 262–86. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003228363-14.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

10

Proske, Dirk. "Bridges". In The Collapse Frequency of Structures, 31–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97247-9_3.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Bridges"

1

Bodnar, Larysa, e Alexander Kanin. "A model for assessing the priority of the bridges within their repair strategy". In 6th International Conference on Road and Rail Infrastructure. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/cetra.2020.1212.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

The efficiency of the road network operation significantly depends on ensuring the durability and operational reliability of road bridges. To prevent accidents on bridges, ensure their reliability and durability, it is necessary to perform a set of measures, including the following: inspection of bridges, determination of their operational condition, calculation of residual life, development of recommendations for their further operation, and performance of operational measures. Considering the significant quantity of bridges in Ukraine, most of these activities have to be performed using modern information technology. Therefore, an Analytical Expert Bridge Management System Software Complex (AESUM) for bridges of Ukraine on public roads was developed and implemented. An important component of this software complex is the procedures for development of a strategy of repairs in the system of road bridges operation. One of the components of the mathematical model, which is the basis for justifying the repairing strategy, is a system of priorities for bridges repairs, taking into account their importance. This scientific paper considers the current system of priority, which takes into account the technical and operational condition of bridges and the category of roads on which they are located. A new model for evaluation of the priorities of repairs is proposed which takes into account such factors as importance of the bridge, technical and operational condition of the bridge, traffic capacity of the bridge and the cost-effectiveness of repairs. The factors mentioned above consist of a set of sub-factors. For example, the bridge importance factor consists of such sub-factors as the average daily traffic volume, the bypass influence, the bridge's affiliation with international transport corridors, etc.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

2

Makhoul, Nisrine. "Data Quality for Structural Health Monitoring of Bridges". In IABSE Symposium, Istanbul 2023: Long Span Bridges. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/istanbul.2023.0828.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

<p>The use of digitalization and reliance on relying on Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) in bridge engineering is increasing, especially for long-span bridges where the condition assessment becomes more challenging. Effectively, it ensures greater accuracy in damage identification and enhanced maintenance of existing bridges by collecting information on the bridge's actual condition (i.e., likely damage, its severity, etc.). This increased reliance on data and information raises the question of the quality of the data and its effect on the management strategy and the decision-making process for bridge engineering. To solve this issue, in this article, data quality indicators for SHM are first selected, then metrics for data quality are reviewed, and some metrics are proposed to assess them. Then, a bridge management strategy considering the data quality is suggested to improve bridge management and decision-making processes. This strategy considers several steps to account for the data quality of SHM in the life cycle assessment management, including mainly the value of information on SHM data quality and some life cycle system performance indicators, which now account for the SHM data quality.</p>

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

3

Rokneddin, Keivan, Jayadipta Ghosh, Jamie E. Padgett e Leonardo Duenas Osorio. "The Effects of Deteriorating Bridges on Bridges on the Bridge Network Connectivity". In Structures Congress 2011. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41171(401)260.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

4

Ge, Yaojun, e Naeem Hussain. "Innovation and Creation of Recent Bridge Engineering under the Direction of IABSE Outstanding Structure Award". In IABSE Congress, Nanjing 2022: Bridges and Structures: Connection, Integration and Harmonisation. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/nanjing.2022.0042.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

<p>Over recent years there has been considerable development in bridge engineering. Thirty-two bridge projects have received IABSE Outstanding Structure Awards during the past two decades in recognition of the most remarkable, innovative, creative, or otherwise stimulating structures. Several creative structural forms have been created such as two twin-box girder suspension bridges, three spatial main cable suspension bridges, six multi-main-span cable-supported bridges and one cable-stayed and suspension hybrid bridge. Various innovative material combinations have been developed and used in two steel truss and PC flange composite girder bridges, one butterfly web extradosed bridge, one multiple material strength bridge and one long-life concrete cable-stayed bridge. Some remarkable functional technologies have been invented for two remarkable movable bridges, two innovative cable-stayed bridges, two extreme seismic function cable-supported bridges and two environmental coordination bridges. Many stimulating bridge projects have been awarded as Winners or Finalists including three extradosed bridges, four arch bridges, two cable-stayed bridges and four sea-crossing bridges. The innovation and creation of recent bridge engineering has been recognised by IABSE Outstanding Structure Award reflecting the creative structural forms, the innovative material combinations, the remarkable functional technologies and the stimulating bridge projects.</p>

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

5

Bougacha, Samir, Hongwei Cai, Jeffry Booher e Marshall Newlin. "Rational Analysis for Understanding Skewed Steel Bridge Cross-Frame Behavior". In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.1371.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

<p>The design of skewed I-girder steel bridges is common throughout the country. Such bridges have been fabricated and constructed and have generally performed well. Where issues have been encountered, they were primarily related to bridge construction and, quite often to the torsional behavior of the severely skewed bridge superstructure. Until recently, there have been few analysis and design guidelines available to the structural designer on the construction engineering of the skewed I-girder bridges. AASHTO [1] specifies that the contract documents should state the fit condition for which the cross frames are detailed for I-girder bridges. Recommendations are also provided for the estimation of the cross frame locked-in forces. This paper presents a case study in a fit-up analysis of multi-span skewed I-girder steel bridge using 3D finite element method modeling. Fit-up analysis was carried out to evaluate girder’s web distortions, determine the cross- frames locked-in forces and compare them to the recent AASHTO’s recommendations. The paper should provide designers with a more detailed understanding of a bridge’s behavior in this condition as compared with the more generalized recommendations from AASHTO guidelines.</p>

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

6

Täljsten, Björn, Thomas Blanksvärd, Gabriel Sas, Niklas Bagge, Jonny Nilimaa, Cosmin Popescu, Lennart Elfgren, Anders Carolin e Jens Häggström. "Bridges Tested to Failure in Sweden". In IABSE Conference, Copenhagen 2018: Engineering the Past, to Meet the Needs of the Future. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/copenhagen.2018.064.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Five bridges of different types have been tested to failure and the results have been compared to analyses of the load-carrying capacity using standard code models and advanced numerical methods. The results may help to make accurate assessments of similar existing bridges. There it is necessary to know the real behaviour, weak points, and to be able to model the load-carrying capacity in a correct way.<p> The five bridges were: (1) a strengthened one span concrete road bridge - Stora Höga ; (2) a one span concrete rail trough bridge loaded in fatigue – Lautajokk; (3) a two span strengthened concrete trough railway bridge - Övik; (4) a one span railway steel truss bridge -Åby; and (5) a five span prestressed concrete road bridge - Kiruna. The unique results in the paper are the experiences of the real failure types, the robustness/weakness of the bridges, and the accuracy and shortcomings/potentials of different codes and models for safety assessment of existing structures.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

7

Pérez Armiño, Jorge, e Ahsan Chowdhury. "Main Cable Inspection and Strength Evaluation of Helicoidal Strand Main Cables Using a Modified NCHRP Evaluation Approach". In IABSE Symposium, Istanbul 2023: Long Span Bridges. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/istanbul.2023.0409.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

<p>The A. Murray MacKay Bridge (MacKay Bridge) opened to traffic in 1970 and carries four lanes of traffic over the Halifax Harbour between Dartmouth and downtown Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. The Bridge's main cable has been opened for detailed visual inspections several times beginning in 2002. The Owner, Halifax Harbour Bridges, retained COWI North America to perform a strength evaluation in accordance with the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 534– Guidelines for Inspection and Strength Evaluation of Suspension Bridge Parallel Wire Cables. As the MacKay Bridge main cable is composed of 61 parallel strands with helicoidal wires, the NCHRP 534 approach (intended for parallel wires) was modified to perform the strength evaluation for cables with helicoidal wires. Based on the analysis performed, it was determined that the main cable of the MacKay Bridge has adequate capacity at this time. Additional measures to protect the cable, mainly through dehumidification, could be considered to prevent further deterioration of the main cable and extend the service life of the cable and therefore the bridge.</p>

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

8

Hong, Namhee K., Hyun-Moo Koh e Sung-Gul Hong. "Exploration of Cable-Supported Pedestrian Bridges". In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.2007.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

<p>The variety of transparency, lightness, and shape of cable-supported bridges is being actively utilized in the design of pedestrian bridges. Moreover, the pedestrian bridge, which is demanded to play a key role as a harmonious structure with surrounding landscape, is being reborn as a landmark sculpture. Considering that understanding design trends is very important step to establish design guide lines for future design, existing cable-supported pedestrian bridges developed until recently have been investigated considering structural material, structural system, and architectural styles. The visual inspiration of the pedestrian bridge is felt in the sense of the structure and the structural form is determined to satisfy the geometric design requirements while considering the efficiency and stability of the cable structure. Therefore, it is needed to identify the main variables affecting the cable-support structures and understand the true beauty of bridges by comparing and analyzing various bridge cases based on major variables. This paper will focus mainly on the following issues:</p><p>(1) the classification of types of cable-supported pedestrian bridges; (2) the identification of the important factors affecting structural forms and (3) an integrated framework for future pedestrian bridges considering form, function, and behavior. Note that the relationship between structural form and visual form is explained using graphical approach. It is expected that this study will help to explore future pedestrian bridges considering bridge aesthetics.</p>

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

9

Shipilov, A. G., e T. A. Titarenko. "CITY PEDESTRIAN BRIDGES". In INNOVATIONS IN THE SOCIOCULTURAL SPACE. Amur State University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22250/iss.2020.27.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

The article considers the problems of pedestrian communication in the city of Vladivostok. The review of domestic and foreign experience in the construction of pedestrian bridges. Conclusions are drawn of the main aesthetic, social, structural and artistic criteria for the quality of modern pedestrian bridges. In the part of the research results, the author's solution of the air pedestrian bridge in Vladivostok is given.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

10

Li, Ying. "Conspectus of Bridge Criticism". In IABSE Congress, Stockholm 2016: Challenges in Design and Construction of an Innovative and Sustainable Built Environment. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/stockholm.2016.0742.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

The study on bridge criticism is an interdisciplinary research of the theory of bridge engineering, architectural criticism, art criticism and bridge aesthetics. It is an important part of design theory of bridges. Generally speaking, bridge criticism is the identification and evaluation of creative thoughts of bridges, the design of bridges, the process of bridge construction and service, and the social individual and public using of bridges. This research focuses on the forming process, operating model, characteristics and value of bridge criticism. The main research contents include axiology, subjectivity theory, semiotics and methodology of bridge criticism. Based on theories of bridge criticism, this paper comes up with an evaluation method of urban bridges.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Bridges"

1

Mangalathu, Sujith, Mehrdad Shokrabadi e Henry Burton. Aftershock Seismic Vulnerability and Time-Dependent Risk Assessment of Bridges. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, maio de 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/uuue2614.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

The time-dependent seismic risk of bridges is assessed while account accounting for the effect of aftershocks and the uncertainty in the damage state after a mainshock event. To achieve this, a Markov risk-assessment framework is adopted to account for the probabilistic transition of the bridge structure through different damage states and time-dependent aftershock hazard. The methodology is applied to three typical California bridge configurations that differ only based on their era of design and construction. Era 11, Era 22, and Era 33 designations are used for the three bridges, which are designed and detailed to reflect pre-1971, 1971–1990 and post-1990 construction. In addition to mainshock-only evaluations (used as a benchmark to quantify the additional risk posed by aftershocks), pre-mainshock (to account for the uncertainty in the occurrence of mainshock and aftershock events) and post-mainshock (which are based on a conditioning mainshock event and bridge damage state) seismic risk assessments are performed. To support these assessments, a set of 34 pairs of ground motions from as-recorded mainshock–aftershock sequences is assembled. Sequential nonlinear response history analyses (including incremental dynamic analyses) are used to obtain the response demands when the structural models of all bridges are subjected to mainshock-only records or mainshock–aftershock record-pairs. Physical damage in both the mainshock and mainshock–aftershock environments is defined using the following mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive limit states: Intact, Slight, Moderate, Extensive, and Complete. For both the pre- and post-mainshock assessments, the additional risk caused by aftershock hazard is found to be higher for the older bridges (i.e., Era 11 and Era 22) and more severe conditioning damage states. A direct correlation between the bridge’s age and the increase in seismic risk due to aftershock hazard was also observed for the pre-mainshock assessment. It is suggested that the proposed methodology be used to make informed decisions regarding the appropriateness and timing of bridge closures (partial and complete) following a seismic event while considering aftershock hazard.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

2

Pham, Melissa V., William R. Fields, Dustin T. Brown, Dylan A. Pasley, Juan L. Davila-Parez, William D. Meyer e Matthew D. Hiett. Bridge Resource Inventory Database for Gap Emplacement Selection (BRIDGES). U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, julho de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47359.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

Wet gap crossings are one of the most complex maneuvers undertaken by military engineers, who, along with engineer planners, require better tools to increase the capacity for efficient use of limited bridging resources across the battlespace. Planning for bridging maneuvers often involves a complicated and inefficient system of ad hoc spreadsheets combined with an overreliance on the personal experience and training of subject matter experts (SMEs). Bridge Resource Inventory Database for Gap Emplacement Selection (BRIDGES) uses interactive mapping and database technology in order to streamline the bridging planning process and provide answers to question about myriad scenarios to maximize efficiency and provide better means of data persistence across time and data sharing across operational or planning units.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

3

Wang, Yao, Mirela D. Tumbeva e Ashley P. Thrall. Evaluating Reserve Strength of Girder Bridges Due to Bridge Rail Load Shedding. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317308.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

This research experimentally and numerically evaluated the reserve strength of girder bridges due to bridge rail load shedding. The investigation included: (1) performing non-destructive field testing on two steel girder bridges and one prestressed concrete girder bridge, (2) developing validated finite element numerical models, and (3) performing parametric numerical investigations using the validated numerical modeling approach. Measured data indicated that intact, integral, reinforced concrete rails participate in carrying live load. Research results culminated in recommendations to evaluate the reserve strength of girder bridges due to the participation of the rail, as well as recommendations for bridge inspectors for evaluating steel girder bridges subjected to vehicular collision.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

4

Bonthron, Leslie, Corey Beck, Alana Lund, Farida Mahmud, Xin Zhang, Rebeca Orellana Montano, Shirley J. Dyke, Julio Ramirez, Yenan Cao e George Mavroeidis. Empowering the Indiana Bridge Inventory Database Toward Rapid Seismic Vulnerability Assessment. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317282.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

With the recent identification of the Wabash Valley Seismic Zone in addition to the New Madrid Seismic Zone, Indiana’s Department of Transportation (INDOT) has become concerned with ensuring the adequate seismic performance of their bridge network. While INDOT made an effort to reduce the seismic vulnerability of newly-constructed bridges, many less recent bridges still have the potential for vulnerability. Analyzing these bridges’ seismic vulnerability is a vital task. However, developing a detailed dynamic model for every bridge in the state using information from structural drawings is rather tedious and time-consuming. In this study, we develop a simplified dynamic assessment procedure using readily-available information from INDOT’s Bridge Asset Management Program (BIAS), to rapidly identify vulnerable bridges throughout the state. Eight additional data items are recommended to be added into BIAS to support the procedure. The procedure is applied in the Excel file to create a tool, which is able to automatically implement the simplified bridge seismic analysis procedure. The simplified dynamic assessment procedure and the Excel tool enable INDOT to perform seismic vulnerability assessment and identify bridges more frequently. INDOT can prioritize these bridges for seismic retrofits and efficiently ensure the adequate seismic performance of their assets.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

5

Chang, Luh, Tarek Zayed e Jon Fricker. Steel Bridge Protection Policy: Evaluation of Bridge Coating system for INDOT Steel Bridges. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313319.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

6

Demina, O. A., e S. A. Bakhtin. Tutorial Bridges, tunnels. OFERNIO, julho de 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/ofernio.2020.24544.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

7

ABERDEEN TEST CENTER MD SUPPORT EQUIPMENT DIV. Bridges and Equipment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, setembro de 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada505642.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

8

Chang, Luh, Tarek Zayed e Jon Fricker. Steel Bridge Protection Policy: Metalization of Steel Bridges: Research and Practice. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313322.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

9

Groeneveld, Andrew B., Stephanie G. Wood e Edgardo Ruiz. Estimating Bridge Reliability by Using Bayesian Networks. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), fevereiro de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39601.

Texto completo da fonte

Resumo:

As part of an inspection, bridge inspectors assign condition ratings to the main components of a bridge’s structural system and identify any defects that they observe. Condition ratings are necessarily somewhat subjective, as they are influenced by the experience of the inspectors. In the current work, procedures were developed for making inferences on the reliability of reinforced concrete girders with defects at both the cross section and the girder level. The Bayesian network (BN) tools constructed in this work use simple structural m echanics to model the capacity of girders. By using expert elicitation, defects observed during inspection are correlated with underlying deterioration mechanisms. By linking these deterioration mechanisms with reductions in mechanical properties, inferences on the reliability of a bridge can be made based on visual observation of defects. With more development, this BN tool can be used to compare conditions of bridges relative to one another and aid in the prioritization of repairs. However, an extensive survey of bridges affected by deterioration mechanisms is needed to confidently establish valid relationships between deterioration severity and mechanical properties.

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

10

Eastlake, D., R. Perlman, A. Ghanwani, D. Dutt e V. Manral. Routing Bridges (RBridges): Adjacency. RFC Editor, julho de 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc6327.

Texto completo da fonte

Estilos ABNT, Harvard, Vancouver, APA, etc.

Oferecemos descontos em todos os planos premium para autores cujas obras estão incluídas em seleções literárias temáticas. Contate-nos para obter um código promocional único!