Bibliografias temáticas / Breeding kink

Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Breeding kink"

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Publicado: 25 de julho de 2024

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Breeding kink"

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Plessis, C. J. du, Y. M. van Heezik e P. J. Seddon. "Timing of King Penguin Breeding at Marion Island". Emu - Austral Ornithology 94, n.º 3 (setembro de 1994): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu9940216.

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Vargo, Edward. "Diversity of Termite Breeding Systems". Insects 10, n.º 2 (12 de fevereiro de 2019): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10020052.

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Termites are social insects that live in colonies headed by reproductive castes. The breeding system is defined by the number of reproductive individuals in a colony and the castes to which they belong. There is tremendous variation in the breeding system of termites both within and among species. The current state of our understanding of termite breeding systems is reviewed. Most termite colonies are founded by a primary (alate-derived) king and queen who mate and produce the other colony members. In some species, colonies continue throughout their life span as simple families headed by the original king and queen. In others, the primary king and queen are replaced by numerous neotenic (nymph- or worker-derived) reproductives, or less commonly primary reproductives, that are descendants of the original founding pair leading to inbreeding in the colony. In still others, colonies can have multiple unrelated reproductives due to either founding the colonies as groups or through colony fusion. More recently, parthenogenetic reproduction has shown to be important in some termite species and may be widespread. A major challenge in termite biology is to understand the ecological and evolutionary factors driving the variation in termite breeding systems.
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Gryz, Piotr, Alina Gerlée e Małgorzata Korczak-Abshire. "New breeding site and records of king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) on King George Island (South Shetlands, Western Antarctic)". Polar Record 54, n.º 4 (julho de 2018): 275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247418000554.

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AbstractThe king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) is a pelagic species that breeds on sub-Antarctic islands relatively close to the Antarctic polar front. After a significant decline at the beginning of the twentieth century because of widespread exploitation by sealers, the species’ numbers are currently increasing, with observed local fluctuations. There has also been an increase in the number of sightings in the Antarctic, and recorded breeding attempts in this area. Here we present the history of observations of king penguins from 1977 to 2017 in two Antarctic Specially Protected Areas: ASPA No. 128 Western Shore of Admiralty Bay, and No. 151 Lions Rump, King George Island, South Shetland Islands (Western Antarctic). Additionally, we report on a new breeding site at Lions Rump, the third known breeding site for this species in the South Shetland Islands. Together with observations from other parts of the archipelago, the information in this study supports earlier suggestions of a southerly expansion of this species and of attempts to colonise the Antarctic Peninsula region.
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Challet, E., C. A. Bost, Y. Handrich, J. P. Gendner e Y. Le Maho. "Behavioural time budget of breeding king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonica)". Journal of Zoology 233, n.º 4 (agosto de 1994): 669–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1994.tb05373.x.

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Le Vaillant, Maryline, Yan Ropert-Coudert, Yvon Le Maho e Céline Le Bohec. "Individual parameters shape foraging activity in breeding king penguins". Behavioral Ecology 27, n.º 1 (6 de outubro de 2015): 352–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arv146.

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Otley, Helen, Andrea Clausen, Darren Christie, Nic Huin e Klemens Pütz. "Breeding patterns of King Penguins on the Falkland Islands". Emu - Austral Ornithology 107, n.º 2 (junho de 2007): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mu06027.

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Bentzen, Rebecca L., e Abby N. Powell. "Population dynamics of king eiders breeding in northern Alaska". Journal of Wildlife Management 76, n.º 5 (6 de fevereiro de 2012): 1011–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.335.

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Guo, J. "CONSERVATION BIOLOGY: Will Captive Breeding Save Africa's King of Beasts?" Science 324, n.º 5925 (17 de abril de 2009): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.324.5925.331.

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Lemaire, Bastien S., Vincent A. Viblanc e Christelle Jozet‐Alves. "Sex‐specific lateralization during aggressive interactions in breeding king penguins". Ethology 125, n.º 7 (14 de abril de 2019): 439–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eth.12868.

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Brothers, NP. "Breeding Biology, Diet and Morphometrics of the King Shag, Phalacrocorax Albiventer Purpurascens, at Macquarie Island." Wildlife Research 12, n.º 1 (1985): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9850081.

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Nineteen colonies of the king shag, Phalacrocorax albiventer purpurascens, occur on Macquarie I. varying in size from 3 to 320 breeding pairs. The total population was estimated at 660 breeding pairs in 1975-79. Breeding varied annually, but most eggs were laid in the last half of October with an average clutch size over two seasons of 2.7 eggs. Most chicks hatched by late December and fledged from late January onwards. Minimum age at first breeding was 2 years but most shags did not breed until the age of 4 years or more. Faithful breeding pairs tended to be more successful than those that changed mates although most remained together for only one or two seasons. Male shags had a stronger tendency to retain their nest-site than did females, and it was the female that was responsible for the breakdown of the pair-bond. This breakdown and annual variation in breeding success was thought to be mainly due to shortage of food, which consisted solely of benthic fish.
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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Breeding kink"

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Le, Vin Ashley. "The causes and consequences of kin recognition in the cooperatively breeding cichlid Neolamprologus pulcher". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2011. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2333/.

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Kin recognition allows individuals to assess their relatedness to conspecifics, thus they may then show kin discrimination and make informed choices as to with whom to associate and/or breed. Cooperatively breeding species, such as the cichlid Neolamprologus pulcher, are an excellent model system for investigating kin recognition, as they live in complex social groups, containing both kin and non-kin group members. Cooperation involves individuals helping to rear the offspring of the dominant pair. Helping is costly, but helpers may gain direct fitness benefits through living in a group, and if they aid relatives, they can also gain indirect fitness benefits through kin selection. Furthermore, by being able to recognise kin, individuals can also avoid inbreeding and the potentially deleterious consequences of it. Thus, N. pulcher are predicted to have good kin recognition abilities. In this thesis, I investigate kin recognition and its consequences for helping and mate choice in a captive population of N. pulcher. In chapter 2, I investigated the kin recognition capabilities of juvenile N. pulcher whilst controlling for familiarity. I found that N. pulcher preferred to associate with unfamiliar kin over unfamiliar non-kin. Kin recognition was via some form of phenotype matching, with chemical cues being more important than visual cues. Additionally, I found no discrimination between familiar and unfamiliar kin; thus, relatedness rather than familiarity was important in the association preferences of juvenile N. pulcher. Chapter 3 explored whether relatedness to the breeding pair, or differences in individual behavioural types affected the amount or type of helping shown by N. pulcher. Controlling for group size and helper relatedness, I found that the relatedness of the helpers to the breeders had no influence on the amount or type of help carried out. Thus, kin selected benefits alone cannot explain variation in helping behaviour in N. pulcher. The amount of territory maintenance carried out correlated with the amount of territory defence, thus, some individuals were consistently helpful. Individuals varied consistently in their aggressiveness, risk-responsiveness and activity levels, but these traits did not correlate with one another. More aggressive, risk-prone or more active helpers carried out more territory defence than submissive, risk-averse or inactive helpers. In contrast, the amount of territory maintenance carried out by helpers, was not correlated with the behavioural types. Thus, differences in behavioural types explained more variation in helping behaviour in N. pulcher than relatedness. Since motivation to associate with kin might vary with age and individual state, in chapter 4, I investigated whether N. pulcher avoided kin when sexually mature, and examined the fitness consequences of inbreeding. In standard two-way choice tests, I found that whilst male N. pulcher showed no preferences for associating with sisters over female non-kin, female N. pulcher preferred to associate with brothers over male non-kin. However, when given the opportunity to breed, latency to breed and hatching success did not differ between brother-sister pairs and unrelated pairs. Thus, in N. pulcher inbreeding is not actively avoided and does not appear to be detrimental to fitness. I suggest that sex-biased dispersal and regular breeder replacement on territories may minimise the occurrences of inbreeding in the wild and that inbreeding may be opportunistic, rather than a strategic decision. The final theme of my thesis investigated the effect of phenotypic traits on mate choice. In N. pulcher (chapter 4) I found that the size of an individual’s facial stripe, which varies between individuals, played no role in mate association preferences. I then investigated male mate choice for female body size in the non-cooperatively breeding green swordtail, Xiphophorus hellerii. In chapter 5, I found that males showed preferences for large over small females when presented only with visual cues, but not with only chemical cues. However, as the size differential between the large and small female increased, males showed preferences for the larger female based on chemical cues. So, male X. hellerii prefer larger females, which are predicted to be more fecund and hence, bring them greater fitness returns. In conclusion, my study has shown that N. pulcher can recognise kin, but the ability to do this does not compel individuals to show kin directed cooperation, or inbreeding avoidance. Instead, factors such as an individual’s behavioural type have more influence on decisions to help, and inbreeding does not appear to be detrimental to fitness. Overall, this project shows that under the conditions we tested, kin selection alone does not drive the social interactions in N. pulcher groups. Further, it highlights the need to consider multiple factors affecting an individual’s fitness, in order to fully understand why different species show a propensity to recognise and discriminate between kin and non-kin.
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Sharp, Stuart P. "Kin recognition in the cooperative breeding system of the long-tailed tit, 'Aegithalos caudatus'". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401262.

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Langdon, Samantha Jayne. "Crassula helmsii (Kirk) Cockayne in the UK : comparative studies investigating direct and indirect effects on native plants and newt breeding". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423359.

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Fournier, Denis. "Population genetic structure, mating system and conflicts in Pheidole ants". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211174.

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A key feature of social Hymenoptera is the division of labor in reproduction between one or a few fertile individuals – the queen(s) – and many sterile nestmates that function as helpers – the workers. The reproductive altruism of workers has long been considered as one of the most important paradox of Evolution. Today, kin selection (Hamilton 1964a,b) is recognized as a prime selective force for the evolution reproductive altruism in Hymenoptera. Hamilton’s kin selection theory states that workers may benefit helping relatives reproduce as long as the relatives they aid share a higher than average proportion of their genes with the workers and effectively pass on copies of the workers' genes to the next generation. Relatedness between colony members is therefore pivotal in kin selection theory, because it directly influences the benefits from indirect fitness. In social Hymenoptera, within-colony relatedness is usually high, because of the haplodiploid sex determinism system. However, several factors of the breeding system are known to affect the colony genetic structure and, hence, the workers’ indirect inclusive fitness: the number of breeders, their genetic relationships and their relative contribution to the reproduction. On the other hand, dispersal strategies influence the population genetic structure, which in turn may result in different interaction patterns between members from neighboring colonies. Despite its central role in the evolution of cooperation and reproductive altruism in animals, kin selection also predicts conflicts between colony members. Because the individuals from a colony are not genetically identical, their reproductive interests may be different (Trivers 1974). These conflicts are diversified, both regarding their actors and their causes (Trivers & Hare 1976; Bourke & Franks 1995; Keller 1995; Chapuisat & Keller 1999b; Keller & Reeve 1999; Sundström & Boomsma 2001). The first part of this work deals with the population genetic structure, mating system and dispersal strategies of two Pheidole ants, the Mediterranean ant Pheidole pallidula and the Mojave Desert ant Pheidole tucsonica. Chapter 1 investigates the population genetic structure, the breeding system, the colony kin composition and the colony genetic structure of the Mediterranean ant P. pallidula. This study was performed by using highly polymorphic DNA microsatellite marker loci. The results show that a single, unrelated male inseminates each queen. Colonies are monogynous (i.e. headed by one reproductive queen) or polygynous (i.e. headed by 2 to 4 functional queens). Moreover, they are genetically differentiated and form a population exhibiting significant isolation-by-distance, suggesting that some colonies originate through budding. Chapter 2 reports cross-species amplifications of microsatellite markers developed for the ant P. pallidula on 13 ant species belonging to the sub-family Myrmicinae. Moreover, levels of genetic diversity within a colony, as well as relationship among colonies are studied for the black ant Pheidole tucsonica. Chapter 3 characterizes the level of inter-nest aggression, the spatial distribution and the genetic structure of a P. tucsonica population. The results show that inter-colony aggression varies from none to “all out” fights and that it is largely non-transitive. No effect of geographical distance or genetic structure on inter-nest aggression levels is detected. Moreover, genetic data reveal high rates of polygyny and/or polyandry. Overall, these results do not support the idea of a simple mechanism of nestmate recognition through queen or worker-produced pheromones or environmental cues. The second part of this work is devoted to the queen-queen conflict over reproduction, and the queen-workers conflict over sex allocation in P. pallidula. Chapter 4 is a detailed analysis on the partitioning of reproduction among queens in polygynous colonies of the species. Our results show a significant departure from equal contribution of queens to reproductive female, male and worker production. Reproductive skew is greater for male production than for queen and worker production. There is no relationship between the magnitude of the reproductive skew and (i) the number of reproductive queens per colony, (ii) their relatedness and (iii) the overall colony productivity, some of the factors predicted to influence the extent of reproductive skew. Finally, this study reveals a trade-off in the relative contribution of nestmate queens to reproductive female and worker production. The queens contributing more to reproductive female production contribute significantly less to worker production. To our knowledge, such a trade-off is shown for the first time in the Formicidae. Chapter 5 focuses on queen-workers conflict over sex allocation. Colonies of the Mediterranean ant P. pallidula show a strong split sex ratio, with 85% colonies producing more than 80% sexuals of one sex. Genetic analyses reveal that this species has an unusual breeding system, with colonies being headed by a single or a few unrelated queens. As expected in such a breeding system, our results show no variation in relatedness asymmetry between monogynous (single queen per colony) and polygynous colonies. Nevertheless, sex allocation is tightly associated with the breeding structure, with monogynous colonies producing a male-biased brood and polygynous colonies almost only females. In addition, sex allocation is closely correlated with colony total sexual productivity. Overall, our data show that when colonies become more productive (and presumably larger) they shift from monogyny to polygyny and from male production to female production, a pattern that has never been reported in social insects so far. A new explanation based on the concept of the “tragedy of the commons” is proposed to explain the strong sex ratio specialization observed in P. pallidula and in other species characterized by facultative polygyny. Chapter 6 investigates the relationship between the breeding system (monogynous vs. polygynous colonies) and the biosynthesis rate of juvenile hormone. Previous works in P. pallidula showed (i) that maternal effects induced by hormones and/or other compounds transferred to the eggs could influence the caste fate of female eggs and (ii) that sex specialization is tightly associated with the breeding structure (monogynous colonies produce a male-biased brood and polygynous colonies almost only females - Chapter 5). This study reveals a strong relationship between the biosynthetic rate of juvenile hormone (JH) production and the breeding system. Because in this species the breeding structure is closely associated with colony sex ratio, we propose that the rate of JH in queens could be a critical parameter in colony sex ratio determination. Queens of P. pallidula would exert partial control over sex ratio by laying different proportions of worker-destined eggs and queen-destined eggs according to the structure monogynous or polygynous of their colony. To conclude, some perspectives for future research on the different topics presented in this work are suggested.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Livros sobre o assunto "Breeding kink"

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Hường, Bích, ed. Phát triẻ̂n kinh té̂ gia đình. Hà Nội: Nhà xuá̂t bản Lao động, 2003.

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Dickson, D. Lynne. Seasonal movement of king eiders breeding in western Arctic Canada and northern Alaska. [Ottawa]: Canadian Wildlife Service, 2012.

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Powell, Abby N. Breeding and biology of king eiders on the coastal plain of northern Alaska. [Fairbanks, Alaska]: University of Alaska, Coastal Marine Institute, 2005.

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O'Hare, Nicholas. King of Diamonds: An Irish showjumping dynasty. [Ireland]: Harkaway, 2002.

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Dickson, D. Lynne. Movement of king eiders from breeding grounds on Banks Island, NWT, to moulting and wintering areas. Yellowknife, NT: Canadian Wildlife Service, Prairie and Northern Region, 2012.

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Smith, Leland L. Gone to Texas: Texas and Tennessee Smiths and related Breeding, Burleson, Burris, Chamblee, Fincher, Graves, Green, Grigsby, Haynes, Hill, Hobgood, Jones, King, Lewis, McMinn, Owen, Powell, Ridley, Shipman, Spears, Strickland, Taylor, and Turner families of the South. Austin, TX: Published for the author by Historical Publications, 1999.

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Durham bull!: The undersigned has for service, on his premises near Hay-don, the Short Horn Durham Bull, Silver King .. [S.l: s.n., 1985.

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King and Common eiders of the western Canadian Arctic. Ottawa: Canadian Wildlife Service, 1997.

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ZIGGY, Anderson. Simplified Guide to Breeding and Training Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Dogs. Independently Published, 2022.

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Paul, Young. Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Guide Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Guide Includes: Cavalier King Charles Spaniel Training, Diet, Socializing, Care, Grooming, Breeding and More. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2018.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Breeding kink"

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Huntley, Brian John. "Marion Island: Birds, Cats, Mice and Men". In SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science, 21–37. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24880-1_4.

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AbstractMarion and Prince Edward Islands, 2 300 km off the southern tip of Africa, are home to several million breeding seabirds. But five domestic cats were introduced as pets to the meteorological station on Marion Island in 1948. By the mid-1980s, the feral cat population, by then over 2 000 strong, were estimated to be killing over 455 000 ground-nesting petrels and prions per year. A seven-phase campaign, combining the use of trapping, the release of feline panleucopaenia virus, and intensive hunting, across more than twenty years, led to the total extermination of cats on the island, the largest project of its kind undertaken to that date.
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Komdeur, Jan, David S. Richardson e Ben Hatchwell. "Kin-Recognition Mechanisms in Cooperative Breeding Systems: Ecological Causes and Behavioral Consequences of Variation". In Ecology of Social Evolution, 175–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75957-7_8.

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Vergani, D. F., e Z. B. Stanganelli. "Fluctuations in Breeding Populations of Elephant Seals Mirounga leonina at Stranger Point, King George Island 1980–1988". In Antarctic Ecosystems, 241–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84074-6_27.

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Wells, Jonathan. "27. The Impact of Social Dynamics on Life History Trajectory and Demographic Traits". In Human Evolutionary Demography, 637–56. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/obp.0251.27.

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Evolutionary demography applies models and theories from evolutionary biology to understand variability in fertility and mortality patterns. Many important ecological influences derive from the natural environment, such as the burden of infectious disease, or the availability of energy and other nutrients. However, human society is itself a source of diverse stimuli and stresses that may generate profound impacts on demographic traits. On this issue, much attention to date has focused on the benefits of social interaction, in particular ‘cooperative breeding’ through which the costs of reproduction are shared among kin or others. In contrast, this chapter will use a simple model of social inequality, based on the ecological ‘producer-scrounger’ game, to shed light on how social hierarchy, through the key medium of nutrition, can shape diversity in life history trajectories. Life history trade-offs shape both physiological and behavioural characteristics of individuals, which in turn affect both fertility and mortality profiles. In every society, it is ultimately through relationships embedded in the context of nutrition that different groups within social hierarchies interact. The key insight from the producer-scrounger game is that in social hierarchies, the life history strategies of producers and scroungers are structurally inter-related. This results in contrasting phenotypes and demographic outcomes between the two groups. Those lower in social hierarchies have higher risks, and fewer opportunities to acquire resources, and may adapt through trade-offs that favour immediate survival and reproduction over growth and long-term health maintenance. In contrast, those with priority access to resources may demonstrate trade-offs that favour growth and long-term health maintenance, leading to greater longevity, a lengthier reproductive career and higher quality offspring. These contrasting life history strategies may emerge through the direct control of subordinates by high-ranked individuals, or through indirect control over the resources that subordinates struggle to access. This simple conceptual approach can help understand both contemporary variability within and between populations in demographic traits, and also their historical divergence or convergence over time.
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Fennell, Jack. "Breeding Breaks Out". In Rough Beasts, 186–210. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789620344.003.0008.

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A central tenet of modern Western culture is the distinction between human and animal, particularly on psychological and cultural grounds: physical differences aside, we emphasise our difference from other species by defining self-awareness, motive, individuality and history as uniquely human traits – to be an animal is effectively to be an automaton. This denial of sapience to animals (or, at its most charitable extreme, the ascription of a kind of ‘diminished personhood’ to them) is fruitful ground for gothic and horror stories. On the one hand, to become or act like an animal is a kind of dissolution; on the other hand, an animal that behaves like a human provokes an unnerving, uncanny response. This chapter considers these aspects of animal-horror, alongside the unsettling phenomena of animal ‘vagrants’ and cryptids, to look at how authors have disrupted the boundaries between human and beast.
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Shinde, A. V. "Polyploidy: An Evolutionary Plant Breeding Approach". In Elements of Plant Breeding, 88–105. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/nbennurch223.

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Plants have a favourable impact on human life and supply food, medicine, and fuel. To address the issue of the need to diversify crop plants, modern breeding techniques are developed. These techniques significantly reduce the length of the breeding period and also have an impact on the breeding of some plants whose improvement is not possible using conventional techniques. The new sources of germplasm that can be exploited to create new cultivars or in breeding programmes are haploid, double haploid, and polyploid plants. Artificial polyploidy induction is one of the breeding techniques used to enhance the desirable traits of plants. Improvements in varieties, creation of sterile lines, the recovery of hybrid fertility, growth and increased vigour, an increase in allelic diversity, heterozygosity etc. All of these aspects must be taken into account in a genome-wide context to maximize marker-assisted selection and crop plant improvement. Plants with all of their chromosomes duplicated (instead of only some) have more distinguishing characteristics, such as altered phytochemical properties, a higher concentration of therapeutic compounds, and unique plant shapes, colours, sizes, scents, and flowering times. The genotype of the plant and the type of sample must be taken into account in order to create an effective protocol for chromosomal duplication. Principal aspects that must be taken into account include the kind, quantity and length of mitotic inhibitors
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Eldridge, Ken, John Davidson, Chris Harwood e Gerrit Van Wyk. "Eucalypts natural and planted". In Eucalypt Domestication and Breeding, 17–26. Oxford University PressOxford, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198541493.003.0002.

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Abstract Species of the genus Eucalyptus are commonly known as ‘eucalypts’ throughout the world, although in Australia they are often called ‘gum trees’ because of the gum (kino) that exudes from the trunk of older trees (Zacharin 1978). The use of correct botanical names is important to growers of eucalypts when they order seed or seek information on appropriate practices in breeding and plantation silviculture. As the common name is often used for more than one species we avoid common names, except where there is no ambiguity. In this book we use botanical names. While most eucalypts can be identified fairly easily in the field as mature trees with the help of books such as those by Chippendale (1988), Boland et al.(1984), Broker and Kleinig (1983, 1990), Gutierrez (1977), or Goes (1985), there are some problems. It is certainly convenient to consider eucalypt species and subspecies as discrete taxa but it is important to remember that within most species, and between some pairs of species, there is a continuum of variation in many characteristics.
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Ashworth, D., e D. T. Parkin. "Captive breeding: can genetic fingerprinting help?" In Biotechnology and the Conservation of Genetic Diversity, editado por H. D. M. Moore, W. V. Holt e G. M. Mace, 135–50. Oxford University PressOxford, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198540304.003.0011.

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Abstract Captive breeding is likely to become increasingly important for the conservation of endangered species. Management of captive stocks should be geared towards maintaining genetic variability and minimizing inbreeding depression, so as to increase the success of any re-introduction programme attempted. The monitoring of genetic variation is essential for such management, and, owing to the high levels of homozygosity commonly found in captive stocks, a sensitive technique is required. ‘DNA fingerprinting’ allows individuals to be easily distinguished even in highly inbred stocks. The success of ‘fingerprinting’ in elucidating the demography of natural populations has led to its use in the management of captive species. We show how the technique has been used to investigate the relationships in the British Isles captive stock of Rothschild’s mynah (Leucopsar rothschildi), and point out some of the problems encountered in analysing this kind of data.
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Silvertown, Jonathan. "Good companions". In Selfish Genes to Social Beings, 87–100. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198876397.003.0008.

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Abstract Through artificial selection and selective breeding, we have made animals tame, plants pliant, and both productive. ‘Tame’ means cooperative with humans and disinclined to cheat on the bargain by natural aggression or attempting to escape captivity. By passing the genes of wild species through the eye of a domestication needle, we have sewn the fate of these animals and plants into our own. The domestic dog is a legacy of our hunter-gatherer past. By contrast the domestic cat is a totem of what came next: agriculture. Cat domestication began in the Fertile Crescent of South-west Asia around 11,000 years ago. We have surrounded ourselves with domesticated animals and plants that have been genetically chiselled to human ends, but is it possible that we domesticated ourselves as well? In 1871, in his book The Descent of Man, Charles Darwin suggested that sociability would evolve from a starting point in what we would now call cooperative breeding. This intuition of Darwin’s is one of many examples of astonishing prescience in his work. It was not until 2014 that a comparative study showed that the extent of cooperative breeding correlates very closely with the degree of prosociality in different primates. We know that social behaviour evolves and that in our own and other species this has produced cooperativeness among both kin and non-kin, but in our own case should we regard this as self-domestication? It’s certainly a thought-provoking claim, but does it mean more than simply selection for cooperation?
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"2. “The Truest Kind of Breeding”: Prescriptive Literature in the Early South". In Claiming the Pen, 34–69. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/9780801454332-004.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Breeding kink"

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Guo, Rui, e Akifumi Yamaji. "Conceptual Core Design of Breeding BWR". In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66829.

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High breeding with light water cooling is not easy to be achieved. The main obstacle is the moderating effect of light water, which softens the neutron spectrum. Decreasing the volume ratio of coolant to fuel is normally introduced as a way to harden the neutron spectrum and achieve breeding with light water cooling. Therefore, the tight-lattice assembly was proposed to design reactors cooled by light water with hard neutron spectrum. However, most of them were High Conversion LWRs and none achieved high breeding to meet the growth rate of energy demand in advanced countries. Tightly packed fuel assembly is designed for the purpose of high breeding. The number ratio of hydrogen atoms to heavy metal atoms (H/HM) in this assembly is significantly reduced to less than 0.1 which is about 1/6 of that of Reduced-Moderation Water Reactor (RMWR). Super Fast Breeding Reactor (Super FBR) is one kind of Supercritical Light Water Cooled Reactors (Super LWRs), which adopts these assemblies, obtaining high breeding of CSDT (less than 50 years). The high breeding performance of Super FBR indicates that, application of the tightly packed fuel assembly on conventional LWR-type reactors, such as BWR-type or PWR-type reactor, may also be effective in achieving high breeding. Compared with Super FBR, the conventional LWR-type reactors with technologies which are currently in use are expected to be easier to implement. When comparing the two main LWR types, BWR-type and PWR-type, BWR-type gains more advantages on breeding, since the coolant is boiling water that generates larger amount of void in the reactor core, leading to a harder neutron spectrum. Meanwhile, from the viewpoint of safety, the negative void reactivity should be satisfied, which is consistent with conventional LWRs. From the viewpoint of neutron economy, high enrichment should be avoided as well. This study aims to design the BWR-type reactor with the tightly packed fuel assemblies, which attains both high breeding and negative reactivity.
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Rogov, I. E., L. N. Ananchenko, M. A. Sycheva, L. Y. Golovkov e Y. A. Kirillov. "PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF RESOURCE-SAVING TECHNOLOGIES IN ANIMAL BREEDING". In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.294-298.

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Resource conservation is a process of efficient use of material, technical, labor, financial and other resources. The purpose of resource conservation is the production of products with the best quality indicators in the presence of minimum total costs of production resources and increased economic return on each unit in kind. This article discusses the concept and essence of resource-saving livestock farming, as well as the features of resource-saving technologies in livestock farming and their development in modern conditions.
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Rabante-Hane, Lasma, Ilze Skrabule e Ina Alsina. "Parameters used for the evaluation of potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) Nitrogen use efficiency: a review". In Research for Rural Development 2022 : annual 28th international scientific conference proceedings. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.28.2022.004.

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Potato is one of the important crops worldwide, and cultivation requires a lot of resources and nitrogen (N) to ensure yield. This kind of growing technology can cause environmental pollution. It is necessary to optimize the management and use of potatoes with high nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) varieties as an alternative to the application of large amounts of fertilizers to improve the environmental impact of potato production without affecting yield and quality. The aim of this review is to find various morphological and physiological characteristics of the potato crop that can be used in potato breeding for NUE evaluation and to create new varieties with high NUE. Looking for traits such as yield, protein and starch content, each variety has its limits that can be affected by climatic conditions. Area Under Canopy Cover Progress Curve (AUCCPC) is potentially good for detecting NUE in field conditions. Nitrogen efficient genotypes tend to have early canopy development but a low amount of N in tubers. Due to different factors that can interact with genotypes under field conditions, the experiments in controlled conditions as in vitro system can be used for the investigation of genotypes in a short period. Under in vitro conditions, root development can be observed very well, which can usually be impossible in soil experiments.
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AbdalKhabir Ali, Ali, e Hajar Salah Auda. "The effect of marsh draining on biodiversity". In Peacebuilding and Genocide Prevention. University of Human Development, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicpgp/64.

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"The marsh represents a rare natural environment of its kind for a number of reasons. First, the marshes were the cradle of the Sumerian civilization and an environment that embraces a unique biodiversity. Its geography and vast area, which is equivalent to the size of a country like Lebanon, made it a resting place and provided food and reproduction for migratory birds. It is worthy of being included in the World Heritage List as one of the treasures of the world that must be preserved, but unfortunately, the Iraqi marshes have not been subjected throughout history to extensive and systematic drying operations, which reached 95% of their total area, as they were exposed to during the era of the previous dictatorial regime in the nineties of last century, which led to the emergence of a number of environmental problems that collectively led to the disruption of natural ecological balance through the loss of the ability to achieve the environmental balance and causing biological diversity damage . This is as a result of the lack of incoming water resources and the high percentage of salinity and pollution, which caused the death of huge numbers of wildlife and aquatic life, as well as the extinction of large numbers of them, causing a mass migration of the population of those areas to other areas that provide them with a minimum standard of decent living after they lost their main sources of livelihood represented by fishing and raising animals. The paper aims to present a study on the impact of the widespread and systematic drying stages that began after the Iran-Iraq war in the eighties of last century and culminated in the nineties, bringing the percentage of the remaining water from the marshes to 5% in 2002, and the extent of its impact on the destruction of the environment and biodiversity, which includes humans and animals, as well as migratory birds from Siberia to the Indian subcontinent, which lost their habitats and places for laying eggs and breeding. It will also present a number of solutions that will help reduce the environmental degradation that the marshes have been exposed to."
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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Breeding kink"

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Breeding bird monitoring protocol for the Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network: Narrative, version 3.0. National Park Service, agosto de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2300001.

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The National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring Program provided funding for the development of this bird monitoring protocol and continues to fund monitoring of the resource in network parks. Numerous NPS personnel and volunteers have contributed in-kind support to the development of this protocol and continue to assist with annual surveys. This protocol in an earlier version (Version 1.0) benefited from comments by Dr. John Sauer (USGS Patuxent Wildlife Research Center), Dr. Rich Camp (USGS Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center) and Dr. Rodney Siegel (Institute for Bird Populations). In 2008, the protocol was revised (Version 2.0) to reflect the network’s expansion of its bird monitoring efforts into additional parks and the turning over of Agate Fossil Beds National Monument, Nebraska, to the Northern Great Plains Inventory and Monitoring Network.
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