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Ferrari, Gerson Luis de Moraes, Victor Matsudo, Tiago V. Barreira, Catrine Tudor-Locke, Peter T. Katzmarzyk e Mauro Fisberg. "Correlates of Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity in Brazilian Children". Journal of Physical Activity and Health 13, n.º 10 (outubro de 2016): 1132–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2015-0666.
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Background:Few studies have used ecological models to study multiple levels of association with objectively measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in young children from middle-income countries. The purpose of this study was to examine potential correlates of objectively measured MVPA in Brazilian children.Methods:The sample consisted of 328 children. An Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometer was used to monitor MVPA over 7 days. Body mass index and body fat percentage were measured using a bioelectrical impedance scale. Questionnaires completed by the children, their parents, and school personnel queried individual, family and home, and school-level environmental correlates.Results:Children averaged 59.3 min/d in MVPA (44.5% met MVPA guidelines), and 51.8% were overweight/obese. For boys and girls combined, significant correlates (P < .05) of MVPA were waist circumference (β = –.007), travel mode to school (β = .140), maternal employment status (β = –.119) and TV in bedroom (β –.107). In boys, significant correlates of MVPA were waist circumference (β = –.011), travel mode to school (β = .133), and maternal employment status (β = –.195). In girls, the only significant correlate of MVPA was travel mode to school (β = .143).Conclusions:Several factors were identified as correlates of MVPA in Brazilian children; however, only travel mode to school was common for both boys and girls.
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Gorely, Trish, Stuart Biddle, Simon Marshall, Noel Cameron e Louise Cassey. "The Association between Distance to School, Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors in Adolescents: Project STIL". Pediatric Exercise Science 21, n.º 4 (novembro de 2009): 450–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.21.4.450.
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The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between distance to school and levels of physical activity and sedentary behavior in UK adolescents. Participants were 1385 adolescents (boys n = 531; mean age 14.7 years). Boys living within two miles of school and girls living within 5 miles of school were more likely to report high levels (≥60 min per day) of weekday leisure time physical activity. Differences in weekday leisure time physical activity were accounted for by active travel time. There were no differences in sedentary behavior time by distance to school. Journeys, whether active or motorized, most often took place with friends. Further research should investigate wider physical and social environmental influences on active travel.
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Murtagh, Elaine M., e Marie H. Murphy. "Active Travel to School and Physical Activity Levels of Irish Primary Schoolchildren". Pediatric Exercise Science 23, n.º 2 (maio de 2011): 230–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.23.2.230.
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The purpose of this study was to (1) determine the physical activity levels of 9–11 year old children, and (2) compare the activity levels of children who commute to school by active and passive modes. 140 children aged 9–11 years (85 boys) were recruited from four urban Irish schools. Mode of commuting was assessed by questionnaire. Step counts were measured for 4 consecutive days. Mean daily step counts for the sample were 14386 ± 5634. Boys were significantly more active than girls (15857 ± 5482 vs. 12113 ± 5127 steps). Eighty-seven children (62.1%) traveled by car, 51 children (36.4%) walked to school, one child traveled by bus and one child cycled. Children who walked or cycled to school had higher daily step counts than those who traveled by passive modes (16118 ± 5757 vs. 13363 ± 5332 steps). Active commuting to school may therefore represent a worthwhile strategy for improving children’s physical activity levels.
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Lilja, Mona, e Cathrin Wasshede. "The Performative Force of Cultural Products: Subject Positions and Desires Emerging From Engagement with the Manga Boys’ Love and Yaoi". Culture Unbound 8, n.º 3 (28 de fevereiro de 2017): 284–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.1683384.
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This article deals with questions about the performative power of cultural products that travel the world. The Japanese manga genre Boys’ Love and Yaoi has gained a broad readership outside of Japan during recent decades. This has cultivated an image of Japan as sexually radical and ‘as more than Japan’, something which has produced alternative subject positions and practises regarding gender and sexuality among Swedish Boys’ Love/Yaoi followers. With the help of the concept hyperreality and elaborations on materiality within feminist theories, this article discusses: Which images of Japan and Sweden are produced as manga Boys’ Love/Yaoi – as cultural products – travel from Japan to Sweden? Which subject positions and forms of desires emerge? In order to understand how cultural products create new subjectivities, images and desires, we also ask: What can a sharper focus on materiality and the agency of matter add to the understanding of the concept of hyperreality and the construction of new realities? We argue that embodied experiences of certain subject positions and desires challenge the idea of the hyperreal as a surface phenomenon. Further, the article shows how the image of “Japan” is often coloured by the desires that West cultivates about the ‘other’.
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Trapp, Georgina, Billie Giles-Corti, Hayley Christian, Anna Timperio, Gavin McCormack, Max Bulsara e Karen Villanueva. "Driving Down Daily Step Counts: The Impact of Being Driven to School on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior". Pediatric Exercise Science 25, n.º 3 (agosto de 2013): 337–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.25.3.337.
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This study investigated whether being driven to school was associated with lower weekday and weekend step counts, less active out-of-school leisure pursuits, and more sedentary behavior. Boys aged 10–13 years (n = 384) and girls aged 9–13 years (n = 500) attending 25 Australian primary schools wore a pedometer and completed a travel diary for one week. Parents and children completed surveys capturing leisure activity, screen time, and sociodemographics. Commute distance was objectively measured. Car travel was the most frequent mode of school transportation (boys: 51%, girls: 58%). After adjustment (sociodemographics, commute distance, and school clustering) children who were driven recorded fewer weekday steps than those who walked (girls: −1,393 steps p < .001, boys: −1,569 steps, p = .009) and participated in fewer active leisure activities (girls only: p = .043). There were no differences in weekend steps or screen time. Being driven to and from school is associated with less weekday pedometer-determined physical activity in 9- to 13-year-old elementary-school children. Encouraging children, especially girls, to walk to and from school (even for part of the way for those living further distances) could protect the health and well-being of those children who are insufficiently active.
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Huang, Wendy Y., Stephen H. Wong e Gang He. "Is a Change to Active Travel to School an Important Source of Physical Activity for Chinese Children?" Pediatric Exercise Science 29, n.º 1 (fevereiro de 2017): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.2016-0001.
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This study investigated the association between a change in travel mode to school and one-year changes in physical activity (PA) among children in Hong Kong. Data from 677 children aged 7–10 years (56% boys) who participated in the Understanding Children’s Activity and Nutrition (UCAN) study were analyzed. During the 2010/11 and 2011/12 school years, the children wore an accelerometer for a week and their parents completed a questionnaire about the children’s modes of travel to school and nonschool destinations. Associations between a change in the mode of travel to school and changes in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) were determined using linear mixed models, adjusting for covariates. Compared with children who consistently used passive travel modes, a change from passive to active travel to school was positively associated with changes in the percentage of time spent in MVPA (b = 1.32, 95% CI = 0.63, 2.02) and MVPA min/day (b = 10.97, 95% CI = 5.26, 16.68) on weekdays. Similar results were found for weekly MVPA. Promoting active travel to school may help to combat age-related decline in PA for some Chinese children. However, maintaining active travel to school may not be sufficient to halt the decreasing trend in MVPA with age.
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Gu, Jiayi, e Si-Tong Chen. "Association between Active Travel to School and Depressive Symptoms among Early Adolescents". Children 7, n.º 5 (2 de maio de 2020): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children7050041.
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Background: Although much evidence has demonstrated the positive relationship of active school travel (AST) and physical health, little is known about the relationship of AST and mental health indicators among early adolescents, especially in Chinese populations. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the relationship of AST with depressive symptoms and its sex as well as age difference among early adolescents from Shanghai urban areas, China. Methods: 6478 adolescents (mean age = 13.6) in urban area were recruited, of whom boys accounted for 46.2%. A self-reported questionnaire in Chinese was used to collect data on AST and depressive symptoms, and other control variables. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to explore the relationships of AST with depressive symptoms. Results: Of all included participants, 53.2% of adolescents reported being active in AST without sex difference. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 19.2% without sex difference. AST was associated with reporting no depressive symptoms in adolescents (adjusted OR = 1.20, 95%CI: 1.06–1.36). However, the relationship was significant in boys (adjusted OR = 1.34, 95%CI: 1.11–1.60), in those who were grade 8 (adjusted OR = 1.25, 95%CI: 1.01–1.55) and 9 (adjusted OR = 1.29, 95%CI: 1.01–1.65) adolescents. Conclusions: AST may play an important role in preventing depressive symptoms among early adolescents. However, the relationship of AST with depressive symptoms differed by sex and age. More research is encouraged to explore the mechanism linking AST and depressive symptoms among adolescents, especially in different contexts.
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Javadpoor, Masoud, Ali Soltani, Leila Fatehnia e Negin Soltani. "How the Built Environment Moderates Gender Gap in Active Commuting to Schools". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, n.º 2 (9 de janeiro de 2023): 1131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021131.
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This study investigates the influences of built environmental (BE) factors, network design, and sociodemographic factors on active school travel (AST). Although numerous studies have explored these relationships, this study is trying to assess this issue with a focus on gender differences. Data from a cross-sectional sample of children from first to sixth grades from 16 public primary schools exclusive for girls and boys (N = 1260) in Shiraz collected in November 2019 was used. The analysis of the data revealed that, on average, boys are more willing to walk than girls, but that the boys’ tendency to walk is less elastic with respect to distance. Moreover, it is shown that street connectivity for all distance thresholds has a positive relationship with walking level, but the street network choice parameter decreases the chance of walking within an 800 metre threshold. It is demonstrated the need to take gender differences into account in local planning policies to promote AST in a developing country context.
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Wickel, Eric. "Variables Associated With Active and Inactive Behavior During the After-School Period". Pediatric Exercise Science 25, n.º 2 (maio de 2013): 288–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.25.2.288.
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This study analyzed time-use interviews to report levels of active and inactive behavior during the after-school period (3–6 pm). Interviews were conducted on random days from three separate seasons during third and fourth grade. Youth with at least two interviews during third (356 completed 2 interviews; 506 completed 3 interviews [9 yrs; 50% boys]) and fourth (186 completed 2 interviews; 768 completed 3 interviews [10 yrs; 50% boys]) grade were included to report levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light physical activity, inactive screen time, inactive nonscreen time, and travel by location and who the activity was undertaken with. Reporting time outside the home and with peers (single or group) was related to higher levels of MVPA. While inside the home, screen and nonscreen proportions were comparable (38% and 40%, respectively), despite unique patterns (screen: boys > girls; nonscreen: girls > boys). Reporting time with both parents was associated with more nonscreen time; whereas reporting time with peer groups was associated with lower screen time. Understanding active and inactive patterns of children’s behavior outside of school hours can be very important in contributing toward the development of innovative interventions for increasing physical activity.
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Frömel, Karel, Dorota Groffik, Josef Mitáš, Jan Dygrýn, Petr Valach e Michal Šafář. "Active Travel of Czech and Polish Adolescents in Relation to Their Well-Being: Support for Physical Activity and Health". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n.º 6 (18 de março de 2020): 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062001.
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The adoption of active travel (AT) habits in adolescence, supported by positive emotions, increases the chances of a lifelong positive attitude towards AT. The aim of this study was to assess the associations between active travel and well-being (WB), and to estimate the share of AT in weekly physical activity (PA) and its contribution to meeting the weekly PA recommendations in adolescents. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire—long form and the WHO-5 questionnaire were used to assess the level of AT, weekly PA and well-being of 2805 adolescents from 36 Czech and 39 Polish schools. A higher rate of AT is only significantly associated with higher well-being in girls. However, meeting AT recommendations in combination with higher WB increased the likelihood of meeting the weekly PA recommendations in both girls and boys. AT accounts for 22.5% of weekly PA of Czech (Polish 24.2%) boys. Concerning girls, it accounts for 24.9% of weekly PA in the Czech Republic and 24.5% in Poland. Meeting AT recommendations should be part of comprehensive school-based PA programs. State, school and municipal policies in the Central European region should pay more attention to the improvement of WB and the built environment for AT in secondary school adolescents.
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Scholes, Shaun, e Jennifer S. Mindell. "Income-based inequalities in self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity among adolescents in England and the USA: a cross-sectional study". BMJ Open 11, n.º 2 (fevereiro de 2021): e040540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040540.
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ObjectiveQuantify income-based inequalities in self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in England and the USA by sex.DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional study.Participants4019 adolescents aged 11–15 years in England (Health Survey for England 2008, 2012, 2015) and 4312 aged 12–17 years in the US (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2016).Main outcome measuresThree aspects of MVPA: (1) doing any, (2) average min/day (MVPA: including those who did none) and (3) average min/day conditional on participation (MVPA active). Using hurdle models, inequalities were quantified using the absolute difference in marginal means (average marginal effects).ResultsIn England, adolescents in high-income households were more likely than those in low-income households to have done any formal sports/exercise in the last 7 days (boys: 11%; 95% CI 4% to 17%; girls: 13%; 95% CI 6% to 20%); girls in high-income households did more than their low-income counterparts (MVPA: 6 min/day, 95% CI 2 to 9). Girls in low-income households spent more time in informal activities than girls in high-income households (MVPA: 21 min/day; 95% CI 10 to 33), while boys in low-income versus high-income households spent longer in active travel (MVPA: 21 min/week; 95% CI 8 to 34). In the USA, in a typical week, recreational activity was greater among high-income versus low-income households (boys: 15 min/day; 95% CI 6 to 24; girls: 19 min/day; 95% CI 12 to 27). In contrast, adolescents in low-income versus high-income households were more likely to travel actively (boys: 11%; 95% CI 3% to 19%; girls: 10%; 95% CI 3% to 17%) and do more.ConclusionsPolicy actions and interventions are required to increase MVPA across all income groups in England and the USA. Differences in formal sports/exercise (England) and recreational (USA) activities suggest that additional efforts are required to reduce inequalities.
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Renninger, Denise, Anne Kelso, Anne K. Reimers, Isabel Marzi, Franziska Beck, Eliane S. Engels, Martyn Standage e Yolanda Demetriou. "Motivation and active travel in adolescent girls and boys in Germany – Findings from the ARRIVE study". Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 90 (outubro de 2022): 425–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2022.09.015.
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김경남. "The Formation of Boys Idea and Consciousness of the Times Represented by Travel Essays in SONYEON". Urimalgeul: The Korean Language and Literature 66, n.º ll (setembro de 2015): 241–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18628/urimal.66..201509.241.
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Aksoy, Bülent, e İbrahim Himmetoğlu. "The Effect of Using Travel-Observation Method in Teaching Environmental Problems on Academic Achievement". Bulletin of Educational Studies 2, n.º 2 (31 de dezembro de 2023): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.61326/bes.v2i2.120.
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This research, is there any effect of teaching the subject of environmental problems in the environment and society unit of the 11th grade high school geography course on the academic achievement of the students with the travel-observation method? It was carried out to seek an answer to the question. A quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest control group was used in the study. The study group of the research consists of 60 students studying at a public school (Anatolian High School) in Kayseri. In the study conducted in the 2022-2023 academic year, the experimental group consisted of 30 students, 13 girls and 17 boys, while the control group consisted of 30 students, 12 girls and 18 boys. The experimental process was carried out over a period of three weeks. The quantitative data obtained as a result of the experimental procedures were analysed using SPSS 25 package programme. Frequency, percentage and arithmetic mean values were used in analysing the data; t- test and two-way Analysis of Variance for Repeated Measures on a Single Factor techniques were applied. According to the results obtained from the research, while the pre-test scores of the experimental and control group students on environmental problems were similar, significant differences were found in the post-test scores in favour of the experimental group. In the intra-group (pretest-posttest) comparison of the experimental and control groups, it was concluded that there was a significant difference in favour of the post-test scores in both groups, but when the effect size was taken into account, the increase in the experimental group was more significant. According to these results, it is recommended to encourage the use of the field trip-observation method in teaching subjects that can be understood by observation such as environmental problems.
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Higgins, Ross, e Aoife Ahern. "Students’ and Parents’ Perceptions of Barriers to Cycling to School—An Analysis by Gender". Sustainability 13, n.º 23 (29 de novembro de 2021): 13213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313213.
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Internationally, there is increased emphasis on the need to reduce dependency on cars and to encourage more sustainable forms of travel, including active travel. To encourage increased levels of cycling, the focus has generally been on improving cycling infrastructure and on making cycling safer. While cycling rates have increased in many countries, including Ireland, women are often less likely to cycle than men. While there are some notable exceptions to this (for example, in the Netherlands) this phenomenon of lower cycling rates amongst women is common and research shows that the differences between male and female cycling rates can be seen from an early age. This paper explores the reasons why women are less likely to cycle than men, by examining the modal choices of school-going students, and the attitudes of their parents/guardians to their modal choices. The survey was conducted in the city of Limerick in the midwestern region of Ireland. The results show multi-factorial barriers to cycling to school for girls compared to boys. Uniforms, traffic concerns, physical efforts of cycling, effects on personal appearance, and peer-influences were factors affecting girls more than boys. Male parents/guardians did not significantly differentiate by the gender of their children in relation to factors associated with cycling to school, unlike female parents/guardians who were found to be significantly less supportive of their daughters than their sons. Additionally, parents/guardians were generally more likely to afford their male children greater independence in their school travel choices. While there are many considerations that would affect students’ perceptions towards cycling, an adjustment to the school uniform policy would, at least, remove the most significant barrier for girls. Further research must be carried out to determine how to shift the perceptions of the efforts associated with cycling, especially among girls, and how to encourage female parents/guardians to better support their daughters to cycle to school.
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Nelson, Norah M., e Catherine B. Woods. "Neighborhood Perceptions and Active Commuting to School Among Adolescent Boys and Girls". Journal of Physical Activity and Health 7, n.º 2 (março de 2010): 257–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.7.2.257.
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Background:Active commuting (AC) to school can increase daily minutes of physical activity yet research is lacking on its determinants. This study examined perceptions of the physical environment as a correlate of AC among adolescents.Methods:Cross-sectional data were collected from 1143 males and 1016 females (mean age 16.04 ± 0.66) who lived within 2.5 miles of their school. Participants’ self-reported active (walk or cycle) or inactive (car, bus, or train) mode of travel to school and perceptions of their neighborhood environment. Bivariate logistic regression examined perceived environmental features associated with active versus inactive modes, adjusted for sociodemographic factors. Significant variables were examined in multivariate models, adjusted for population density and distance.Results:Positive correlates of AC included well-lit streets, land-use-mix diversity, access to shops/public transport, the presence of public parks/bike lanes, and accessible well-maintained paths. Connectivity was unrelated to mode choice. In multivariate analyses, land-use-mix diversity, and the perceived presence of public parks remained significant among males, whereas excess traffic speed, shops within walking distance, and paths separate from the road remained significant among females.Conclusions:Environmental characteristics were associated with active commuting to school, however research must address methodological issues before making recommendations for intervention.
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Mazumder, Rajashree. "‘In Search of Mammon’s Treasure Trove’: Hemendrakumar Roy’s Use of Travel in Children’s Adventure Literature". Studies in History 35, n.º 2 (agosto de 2019): 250–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2348448919876869.
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Travel plays a critical role in twentieth-century Bengali adventure literature for adolescent males. Armchair journeys through the Empire and beyond let that audience discover the world: a panoply of high- to low-ranking cultures, utterly strange geographical spaces and, often, their ‘barbarous’, ‘uncivilized’ inhabitants. Exemplified by Hemendrakumar Roy’s works, the genre encourages boys to draw correlations between race, ethnicity and territory in a way that elevates Hindu elites within a civilizational hierarchy that borrows, but will not follow wholesale, the Western schema. The literary trope of travel imaginatively transports the colonized protagonists and audience across their country’s borders. Yet the destinations, distanced from their experience by perilous voyages, are clearly chosen to spark reflection on their own domestic spaces. The adventures, in turn, fuel their individual and, ideally, national self-transformation. For Roy’s travel narratives promote such changes by featuring Bengali heroes defeating horrific hazards with courage, strength, intelligence, self-sacrifice and perseverance—‘masculine’ qualities the author hopes a new generation will imbibe and use to serve the nation. Doing so, he also hopes, will disprove in reality what he demolished in writing: colonizers’ stereotype of Bengalis as effeminate cowards, and their dismissal of Indian culture as beneath their own.
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KIM, Jeong-Ung. "Storytelling strategy of transformation of time transcendence motive and maturation plot grammar in <It’s a Summer Film!>". K-Culture·Story Contents Reasearch Institute 2 (31 de janeiro de 2023): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.56659/kcsc.2023.1.99.
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This study aims to examine the storytelling method in which the two characteristics of the 'maturity' plot of the story are properly mixed together with the method of the time transcendence motif shown in the Japanese film <It’s a Summer Film!>. In <It’s a Summer Film!>, while transforming the existing motive in the process of using the time machine and the experience of the protagonist boy's 'time transcendence', the storytelling method applied the 'maturity' plot grammar to learn about the 'non-mainstream' in society. It conveys a critical mind and a thematic consciousness that the past, present, and future are connected to each other. The motivation for time transcendence through a time machine in many films based on time travel so far stems from the desire to change the wrong reality through time travel. But in this movie, it's different. In a future world where the length of the video is 5 seconds, the boy's pure heart works as a motivation when he can't find the debut film of the master director 'Barefoot'. In particular, this boy is playing the role of the main character, but the actual protagonist in this film is 'Barefoot', a 'girl' who loves the 'Samurai' genre living in the present. This is because this film puts more weight on the growth of 'girls' than the growth of boys who experience time transcendence. In view of the fact that more and more films are being produced faithfully to the conventions of the genre for the stability of popular box office success and success, the method approached in this film conveys the intention and theme of the creator rather than following only the existing motive conventionally. It shows that the storytelling potential of a work can be expanded when transformation is pursued in an effective way to do so.
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Student. "CHOICE AFTER A SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY". Pediatrics 84, n.º 2 (1 de agosto de 1989): A56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.84.2.a56a.
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Who would want to spend his life dancing a minuet before assembled science reporters? There are still people who do not wish to join the noise boys; they have other concerns. When you start on something new you are all alone and it is terribly dark; and then suddenly, you come face to face with the blinding whiteness of reality. There is nothing more exquisite, nothing rarer in the world. Afterward you have a choice: You stay in the laboratory hoping it will happen again—it seldom does—or you begin to travel through the country giving minstrel shows.
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HOCAOĞLU ALAGÖZ, Kadriye. "Entertaining Characters in Classical Turkish Literature: Dancers, Musicians and Dancing Boys". Akademik Dil ve Edebiyat Dergisi 6, n.º 3 (30 de outubro de 2022): 146–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.34083/akaded.1160802.
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It is a known that all societies have had a relationship with dance throughout history. In Turkish society, the origin of the dance dates back to the Shamans, independent of gender. In the Ottoman era, non-religious dancers were called çengi, köçek, tavşan/tavşanoğlanı, kasebâz, curcunabâz, cin askeri, beççegân, çeganebâz and çârpârezen. Among these nomenclatures, the most common literary terms were çengi (dancer/musician) and köçek (dancing boy). People who dance extravagantly to music were called çengi or köçek. While all dancers were called çengi, regardless of their gender in the old texts, later on, women were called çengi and men were called köçek. There is no clear date for this transformation on record. Information on dancers in general, and çengi and köçek in particular, could be found in travel books, surnâmes or the works of the authors of the period. The current paper aims to discuss the terms köçek and çengi, theatrical plays that became common with the encouragement and support of the Ottoman palace, including the reflections of these performing arts in classical Turkish poetry. Furthermore, “Köçek Süleyman”, mentioned in the Divan of Rodoscuklu Kömürkayâzâde Fennî, a poet of the 19th century, and a new name in the history of köçek at the time, was addressed. Thus, the study aims to emphasize to the poet's employment of the social approach to entertainment in his poetry and classical Turkish literature.
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Rafiq, Muhammad. "Analysing Educational Waste in the Punjab Schools". Pakistan Development Review 35, n.º 4II (1 de dezembro de 1996): 581–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v35i4iipp.581-592.
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This paper examines educational waste in the Punjab Public Schools. The paper focuses upon three areas: schools’ internal efficiency, school capacity utilisation and student teacher ratio. By using cohort analysis technique, the paper measures waste in flows of students in the education cycle. The results show that repetition and dropout are more prevalent in class I and middle school classes. This implies that after having studied for five to six years in schools, a student finds themselves in a blind alley, not knowing where it all would end up. This also suggests that majority of the schools are located at large distance from the most of the population of the Punjab and students have to travel long distance for attending the schools. The under-utilisation of school capacity is more prevalent in rural area than that of urban areas and girls schools are more under-utilised than the boys schools. The under-utilisation is more widespread in boys schools of urban areas than the girls schools located in same vicinity and girls school in rural areas are more under-utilised than the boys schools. The pervasive theme emerged from results is that girls schools and teachers are mostly under-utilised. This reflects that disadvantage that girls face in Pakistan which may also cause under-utilisation of girls schools.
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Omling, Erik, Sanna Bergbrant, Andreas Persson, Jonas Björk e Lars Hagander. "How boys and testicles wander to surgery: a nationwide cohort study of surgical delay in Sweden". BMJ Paediatrics Open 4, n.º 1 (setembro de 2020): e000741. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2020-000741.
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BackgroundEarly orchidopexy is recommended for cryptorchidism and the surgery is increasingly centralised. The objectives were to determine the incidence, risk factors and if distance to treating hospital impacted on timely treatment of cryptorchidism.MethodsIn this observational study, all boys born in Sweden from 2001 to 2014 were followed in national registers to determine the incidence of cryptorchidism by levels of birth-related risk factors and social determinants. Travel time to hospital was used as the primary exposure in multivariable survival analysis, with age at surgery as main outcome.ResultsOf 748 678 boys at risk for cryptorchidism, 7351 were treated and evaluated for timing of surgery (cumulative childhood incidence 1.4%, 95% CI 1.3% to 1.5%). The incidence was clearly associated with prematurity and overdue pregnancy (HR for <32 weeks 2.77 (95% CI 2.39 to 3.21); 32–36 weeks HR 1.36 (95% CI 1.24 to 1.49); >41 weeks HR 1.19 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.29)), low birth weight (<1000 g HR 3.94 (95% CI 3.15 to 4.92); 1000–1499 g HR 3.70 (95% CI 3.07 to 4.46); 1500–2500 g HR 1.69 (95% CI 1.52 to 1.88)) and intrauterine growth restriction (small for gestational age HR 2.38 (95% CI 2.14 to 2.65); large for gestational age HR 1.26 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.42)), but not with smoking or maternal age. Each 30 min increase in travel time was associated with a reduced probability of timely treatment (HR for being treated by age 3 adjusted for risk factors and socioeconomic determinants: 0.91 (95% CI 0.88 to 0.95)). Lower income and financial support were also associated with treatment delays (adjusted HR for lowest income quintile 0.82 (95% CI 0.72 to 0.93) and for families with financial support 0.85 (95% CI 0.73 to 0.97)).ConclusionsTravel distance to treating hospital was associated with delayed treatment. ‘Not all those who wander are lost’, but these findings suggest a trade-off between centralisation benefits and barriers of geography also in elective paediatric surgery.
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Abu‐Arafeh, Ishaq, e George Russell. "Cyclical Vomiting Syndrome in Children". Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 21, n.º 4 (novembro de 1995): 454–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1536-4801.1995.tb11966.x.
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Summary: We studied the prevalence and the characteristic features of cyclical vomiting syndrome (CVS) in the defined childhood population of the City of Aberdeen, in Scotland. Initial screening was done by questionnaire in 10% of all children between 5 and 15 years of age (2,165 children) attending schools in Aberdeen, followed by clinical interviews of symptomatic children. We invited for clinical interview 69 children (3.9%) with a history of unexplained vomiting; 46 (67%) attended. Of them, 34 fulfilled the criteria for the diagnosis of CVS (prevalence rate, 1.9%). Children with CVS had a mean age of 9.6 years and a mean age at onset of symptoms of 5.3 years (range, 1–13). The overall sex ratio was 1:1, although in younger children boys were more commonly affected than girls. Seven children (21%) also suffered from migraine, 10 (29%) from travel sickness, and 10 (29%) from atopic diseases. The attacks of vomiting occurred on average eight times per year, with a mean duration of 20 h. Travel was a frequent precipitating factor. Attacks were commonly associated with pallor, anorexia, and malaise and were often relieved by rest and sleep. The clinical features of CVS overlapped to a large extent with those of migraine, suggesting a common pathogenesis. Features common to both conditions included trigger factors, associated GI, sensory, and vasomotor symptoms, and factors that relieved attacks. There was also an association between CVS and headache, abdominal pain, atopic diseases, and travel sickness.
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Laxdal, Aron, Bjørn Tore Johansen, Elling Bere e Bård Erlend Solstad. "Towards More Sustainable Sports: Analyzing the Travel Behavior of Adolescent Soccer Players in Southern Norway". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n.º 15 (30 de julho de 2022): 9373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159373.
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Mitigating climate change is a global challenge demanding effort from all sectors, and sports are no exception. While transportation is one of the key issues regarding sustainable sports, the methods by which children and adolescents get to practice have not received much attention. The objectives of this study were, therefore, to present how adolescents in Southern Norway travel to soccer practice and assess how the mode of transportation is related to sex, socioeconomic status, age, ethnicity, and distance from home to practice. Cross-sectional data were collected from 558 adolescent soccer players (398 boys and 190 girls) representing 30 different clubs from settlements of varying rurality. While most of the participants lived within cycling distance from the field of practice, the majority opted for passive modes of transportation (55% passive vs. 45% active). A logistic regression analysis found that traveling distance and age were associated with active transportation habits, while sex, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status were not. Further research is needed to examine the main barriers to active travel for this already active population, as active transport represents an opportunity for sports to become more sustainable.
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Wilson, Nathan, Andy Smidt e Matilda Tehan. "Health and Social Policies for Australian Men and Boys with Intellectual and Developmental Disability: A Health and Wellbeing Double Jeopardy?" International Journal of Mens Social and Community Health 1, SP1 (24 de agosto de 2018): e6-e13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22374/ijmsch.v1isp1.6.
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Intellectual disability is characterized by a combination of limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviour originating during the developmental period, before the age of 18.1 Intellectual functioning refers to an individual’s capacity to learn, problem solve and reason; adaptive behaviour refers to the conceptual (e.g., language, money, time), social (e.g., interpersonal skills, social responsibility, ability to follow rules), and practical (e.g., personal care, travel, use of telephone) skills. Developmental disability is a term used to describe lifelong physical and/or cognitive disabilities and includes, but is not limited to, intellectual disability, cerebral palsy, autism, Down syndrome, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD; in the USA) and fetal alcohol syndrome.2 As intellectual and developmental disabilities often co-occur, most health, educational and social professionals work with people who have both.
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Nosek, Anna. "„Wspomnienia wygnanki” Pauliny Krakowowej – powieść dla dziewcząt i pierwsza polska „robinsonada”". Bibliotekarz Podlaski Ogólnopolskie Naukowe Pismo Bibliotekoznawcze i Bibliologiczne 56, n.º 3 (30 de dezembro de 2022): 29–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36770/bp.718.
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The aim of this dissertation is to present the forgotten novel Wspomnienia wygnanki from 1844 by Paulina Krakowowa. The author draws attention to its readability and literary values, which made it a bestseller in the 19th century. The dissertation also offers an analysis and interpretation of Wspomnieniawygnanki in the context of nineteenth-century novels for girls, as well as in the context of adventure novels, the so-called “robinsonada”. This is because Krakowowa’s novel is saturated with sensational, adventure and travel themes. Therefore, it should be placed within and outside the circle of nineteenth-century novels for girls. Wspomnienia wygnanki is an innovative novel,going beyond the usual conventions of moral prose and novels of manners towards an adventure novel (“robinsonade”), which, in the nineteenth century, was reserved almost exclusively for boys.
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Porter, Gina, Kate Hampshire, Albert Abane, Augustine Tanle, Alister Munthali, Elsbet Robson, Mac Mashiri e Goodhope Maponya. "Young people’s transport and mobility in sub-Saharan Africa : the gendered journey to school". Documents d'Anàlisi Geogràfica 57, n.º 1 (19 de maio de 2011): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/dag.813.
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This paper draws on rich ethnographic data and complementary survey research from a three-country study (Ghana, Malawi, South Africa) of young people’s mobility to explore the gendered nature of children’s journeys to school in sub-Saharan Africa. In most African countries, girls’ participation in formal education is substantially lower than boys’, especially at secondary school level. Transport and mobility issues often form an important component of this story, though the precise patterning of the transportation and mobility constraints experienced by schoolchildren, and the ways in which transport factors interact with other constraints, varies from region to region. We draw attention to the nature of gendered travel experiences in rural and urban areas, the implications of these findings for access to education, and finally suggest areas where policy intervention could be beneficial.
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Mutlu, Elvan. "Travelling Across the Colonial Frontier: Female Mobility and the Making of English National Identity in H. Rider Haggard’s Benita: An African Romance". Gender Studies 21, n.º 1 (1 de dezembro de 2022): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/genst-2023-0006.
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Abstract Given his most famous account, “I can safely say that there is not a petticoat in the whole history” of his most well-known romance, King Solomon’s Mines (1885), H. Rider Haggard’s works have been mostly celebrated as significant examples of the representation of imperial masculinities in the late Victorian romance fiction. In this typical imperialist narrative, Africa provides a setting for British boys to become men (Brantlinger, 1988). This paper, however, suggests that this notion of male mobility is replaced by the portrayal of a female traveller in Haggard’s Benita: An African Romance (1906). Benita’s sea journey from Southampton to Durban also brings gender roles into question in Haggard’s long lost travel text. This article, thus, will explore Haggard’s work in the broad Victorian context of political, philosophical and racial beliefs, and investigate the role of female travellers in the construction of national identity.
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Manco-Johnson, Marilyn J., Michael L. Manco-Johnson, Taylor A. Blades, Sharon Funk, Heidi Lane, Kevin McRedmond, Amy L. Dunn et al. "Long-Term Orthopedic Effects Of Delaying Prophylaxis In Severe Hemophilia A Until Age 6 Years: Results Of The Joint Outcome Study Continuation (JOSc)". Blood 122, n.º 21 (15 de novembro de 2013): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.210.210.
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Abstract The Joint Outcome Study (JOS) was a randomized controlled clinical trial in boys with severe factor VIII deficiency comparing prophylaxis consisting of 25 IU/kg factor VIII every other day begun prior to age 30 months with an enhanced episodic regimen given only in response to bleeding. At JOS exit at age 6 years, joint outcome by sensitive magnetic resonance image (MRI) and joint physical examination (PE) of 6 index joints (both ankles, knees and elbows) determined superiority of prophylaxis over episodic therapy (p < 0.05). At JOS end, all parents were informed of the study results and boys in the episodic arm were counseled to initiate prophylaxis therapy; all but 1 JOS participant on episodic therapy switched to prophylaxis. The JOS Continuation Study is being performed to determine the results of early prophylaxis on joint development until the age of 18 years and to determine the impact of delaying prophylaxis initiation until age 6 years. All boys in the original JOS were eligible to enroll in the continuation study. Study data collected includes cumulative number of index joint and total hemorrhages, joint PE score of 6 index joints using the Colorado Pediatric Joint Assessment Scale as previously described (Haemophilia 6:649) and MRI soft tissue, osteochondral and total scores of 6 index joints using the expanded MRI 45 Scale as recently presented (ISTH OP Mon 7/1/13, 9 am). Additional data are collected on prophylaxis adherence, activities, surgeries, quality of life and replacement factor utilization. To date, results of 26 (40%) of the original 65 boys (16 on early and 10 on delayed prophylaxis) including 156 index joints are available for analysis. Results, expressed as a cumulative score for all 6 index joints, are shown in Table 1. While still enrolling, the JOS Continuation Study is documenting an ongoing disparity in joint outcome in children with initiation of prophylaxis delayed until age 6 years, compared with prophylaxis started before 30 months of age. Following delayed initiation of prophylaxis, adolescents manifest increased numbers of hemarthroses and increased MRI damage particularly affecting bone and cartilage. Joint PE is less sensitive than MRI in determination of joint outcome in hemophilia. Disclosures: Manco-Johnson: Bayer HealthCare: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; CSL Behring: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Baxter BioScience: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Biogen Idec: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees; NovoNordisk: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Eisai: Research Funding. Manco-Johnson:Bayer HealthCare: Research Funding. Lane:Bayer HealthCare: Honoraria; Baxter BioScience: Paid travel to attend a meeting, Paid travel to attend a meeting Other. Shapiro:Bayer HealthCare: Research Funding; Baxter BioScience: Research Funding; Biogen Idec: Research Funding; Cangene: Research Funding. Valentino:Baxter BioScience: Consultancy, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Bayer HealthCare: Consultancy, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; CSL Behring: Consultancy, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; GTC Biotherapeutics: Consultancy, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Inspiration Bioscience: Consultancy, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; NovoNordisk: Consultancy, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Brown:Baxter BioScience: Research Funding; Biogen Idec: Research Funding; CSL Behring: Research Funding.
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Hooper, Leanne. "Travel, Teens, and Tethering: The Impact of Mobile Phones on Childhood Journeys in Ostrich Boys and Unhooking the Moon". RoundTable 1, n.º 1 (24 de maio de 2017): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24877/rt.18.
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Erefai, Ouassima, Amal Haimer, Faouzi Habib, Abdelmajid Soulaymani, Abdelrhani Mokhtari e Hinde Hami. "EPID-08. Epidemiology of childhood brain tumors in Morocco". Neuro-Oncology 24, Supplement_1 (1 de junho de 2022): i48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noac079.176.
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Abstract INTRODUCTION: Brain tumors are the most common solid tumors and cause of cancer-related death in children less than 15 years of age. However, little is known about these tumors in Morocco. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiological features of pediatric brain tumors in Morocco. METHODS: This is a descriptive retrospective study of pediatric brain tumor cases, diagnosed and treated between 1994 and 2015 at Al Azhar Oncology Center in Rabat. Patient’s age and sex, habitat area, overall survival and tumor characteristics were evaluated. RESULTS: During the study period, 41 children under the age of 15 years were diagnosed with brain tumors at Al Azhar Oncology Center. Brain tumors were more common among boys than girls, with a male-female ratio of 1.9. The average age of diagnosis was 7.47 ± 3.06 years (range 2-14 years). More than half (51.22%) of the cases were diagnosed in children aged 5-9 years. Regarding the habitat area, nearly two-thirds (62.50%) of children live at least 30 kilometer (km) away from the cancer center. Medulloblastoma was the most common tumor type with 34.15% of cases. Overall, one patient develops a metastasis. Among the cases for whom the outcome was known, five children died during the study period, consisting of three girls and two boys. CONCLUSIONS: Children’s brain tumors remain a serious public health problem in Morocco, especially with the limited number of specialized pediatric cancer centers. The travel burden is a significant factor affecting access to appropriate diagnosis and treatment and can impede the provision of high-quality care for cancer patients.
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Kopciński, Jacek. "Playing on an Ice Floe: Time in Jerzy Limon’s Scholarship and Literary writing". Tekstualia 3, n.º 70 (21 de novembro de 2022): 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.1092.
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Jerzy Limon has always been fascinated by sophisticated aesthetic solutions thanks to which time fl ows differently in the minds of the recipients of stage, visual, audial and literary arts than in life. He shows that on stage, in a radio studio, or in a literary work, time effects can be induced that are the actual subject of quantum physics. In his view, the artistic „calibration” of time not only has an aesthetic value, but also axiological and existential. By experiencing disturbances between the present, the past and the future, we get to know the world, evaluate it, and at the same time mentally go beyond the boundaries of our person. For Limon, „time travel” also includes scholarly research on past literature and theater, and his own studies are based on the postmodern theory of historical narrativism. The metaphorical description of boys jumping on a sea ice fl oe in his debut novel Münchhauseniada exemplifi es how Limon, a literary and theater historian, semiologist, translator and writer, made time an original critical and artistic category.
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Rusillo Magdaleno, Alba, Sara Suarez-Manzano, Jose Luis Solas Martínez e Alberto Ruiz Ariza. "Asociación de un bajo nivel de condición física con el exceso de peso en adolescentes (Association of low physical fitness level with excess weight in adolescents)". Retos 47 (2 de janeiro de 2023): 729–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v47.95251.
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El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la asociación de una baja condición física (CF) con el exceso de peso en adolescentes. La muestra estaba formada por 1050 adolescentes (496 chicos y 554 chicas) de 12 Centros de Educación Secundaria, de entre 12 y 15 años. Las capacidades físicas de los participantes fueron medidas mediante tests de la batería Alpha-Fitness. Como análisis estadístico se llevó a cabo regresión logística binaria y ANCOVA. Los resultados mostraron que los adolescentes con bajos niveles de resistencia cardiovascular (A), fuerza de tren inferior (B), resistencia abdominal (C) y velocidad de desplazamiento (D) tenían más riesgo de padecer sobrepeso que aquellos con altos niveles de CF, A) odds ratio (OR)= 3,725 en chicas y OR= 6,367 en chicos, ambos p< ,001; B) OR= 3,102 en chicas y OR= 3,422 en chicos, ambos p< ,001; C) OR= 2,122 en chicos, p< ,001 y D) OR= 0,543, p= ,033 y OR= 0,460, p< ,001 en chicas y chicos respectivamente. Sin embargo, una baja fuerza manual se asoció con menor IMC (todos p< ,020). No se hallaron resultados de asociación significativa entre un bajo nivel de flexibilidad y exceso de peso (p= ,089 y p=,231 para chicas y chicos, respectivamente). Se concluye que un bajo nivel de CF se asocia a una más alta probabilidad y riesgo de padecer exceso de peso en adolescentes. Por tanto, se sugiere incorporar propuestas de actividades transversales para la mejora de la CF en el diseño de las unidades didácticas de Educación Física, así como promoverla durante el periodo extraescolar. Palabras clave: capacidad física, adiposidad, composición corporal, elasticidad, esfuerzo, energía. Abstract. The aim of the present study was to analyze the association of low physical fitness (FC) with excess weight in adolescents. The sample consisted of 1050 adolescents (496 boys and 554 girls) from 12 secondary schools, aged 12 to 15 years. The physical capacities of the participants were measured by means of Alpha-Fitness battery tests. Binary logistic regression and ANCOVA were performed as statistical analysis. The results showed that adolescents with low levels of cardiovascular endurance (A), lower body strength (B), abdominal endurance (C) and travel speed (D) had a higher risk of being overweight than those with high levels of FC, A) odds ratio (OR) = 3,725 in girls and OR= 6,367 in boys, both p< ,001; B) OR= 3,102 in girls and OR= 3,422 in boys, both p< ,001; C) OR= 2,122 in boys, p< ,001 and D) OR= 0,543, p= ,033 and OR= 0,460, p< ,001 in girls and boys respectively. However, low manual strength was associated with lower BMI (all p< ,020). No significant association results were found between a low level of flexibility and overweight (p= ,089 and p= ,231 for girls and boys, respectively). It is concluded that a low level of FC is associated with a higher probability and risk of suffering from excess weight in adolescents. Therefore, it is suggested to incorporate proposals of transversal activities for the improvement of FC in the design of the didactic units of Physical Education, as well as to promote it during the out-of-school period. Key words: physical capacity, adiposity, body composition, elasticity, effort, energy.
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Das, Bapi, Brajanath Kundu, Kallol Chatterjee e Muhammad Shahidul Islam. "An Investigation of the Body Mass Index and Body Fat Percentage of Students Commuting to School Using Three Different Travel Modes". Journal of Advances in Sports and Physical Education 5, n.º 7 (16 de julho de 2022): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/jaspe.2022.v05i07.002.
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The study’s purpose was to conduct a comparison of selected physiological measures among students who commute to school via three different modes of transportation (Bicycling, Walking, and Motor Vehicles). Initially, a total of 600 school-going boys (N = 600) were chosen as study participants. Class VIII to XII grade school male students aged 14 to 18 years were purposefully selected as study subjects from seven secondary schools in the Birbhum district of West Bengal, India. Each group had 200 participants: N = 200 for walking, N = 200 for bicycling, and N = 200 for motor vehicles. A category-wise number of subjects were selected from the different schools. The data was calculated by descriptive statistics. For all independent variables, which were computed by using SPSS, one way ANOVA test followed by t-tests were used. As a result, students traveling to school by motor vehicle, as non-active commuters, had a significantly higher Body Mass Index (21.81) and percent Body Fat (16.03) than the other two active commuters, namely the walking and bicycling groups. According to current researchers, students who commute from their homes to school each day may use walking as their main form of transportation. The researchers also concur that if the school is reasonably close to the home, walking is a great form of transportation for students.
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Corradi-Dias, Larissa, Saul Martins Paiva, Henrique Pretti, Isabela Almeida Pordeus e Lucas Guimarães Abreu. "Impact of the onset of fixed appliance therapy on adolescents’ quality of life using a specific condition questionnaire: A cross-sectional comparison between male and female individuals". Journal of Orthodontics 46, n.º 3 (30 de maio de 2019): 195–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1465312519851220.
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Objective: To evaluate the impact of the first six months of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of adolescents, comparing boys and girls, using a specific condition questionnaire. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: School of Dentistry of the Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil Participants: Adolescents aged 10–17 years. Methods: Forty-six adolescents participated in this study. Adolescents’ OHRQoL was evaluated using the Brazilian version of the questionnaire Impact of Fixed Appliances Measure. This questionnaire comprises 43 questions distributed across nine domains: aesthetics; functional limitation; dietary impact; oral hygiene impact; maintenance impact; physical impact; social impact; time constraints; and travel/cost/inconvenience implications. The answer options follow the Likert scale, in the range of 1–5. A higher score indicates a more negative impact on the OHRQoL. Adolescents’ malocclusion was assessed using the Dental Aesthetic Index. Information on family income, adolescents’ age and tooth extraction was also collected. A directed acyclic graph was used to identify potential confounders. Statistical analysis involved the chi-square test, the Student’s t test and the analysis of covariance. The minimal clinically important difference was also calculated. Results: Of the 46 participants, 25 were girls and 21 were boys. The female adolescents presented a more negative impact from the orthodontic treatment on the quality of life when compared to the male adolescents ( P < 0.001), regardless of the influence of the confounding variables. The most negative repercussions were identified in the domains of oral hygiene ( P = 0.002), physical impact ( P < 0.001) and social impact ( P < 0.001). Conclusion: The impact of the first six months of orthodontic treatment on OHRQoL is more negative in female individuals than in male individuals. The results of this study may be useful for the oral healthcare provider during the counselling of adolescents undergoing fixed appliance therapy.
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Mwambazi, Chrspine Mulenga, Lombe Mubanga e Simui Francis. "Disablers Affecting Pupils Academic Performance in Linear Programming at Nkeyema Secondary School in Zambia: A Hermeneutic Perspective". American Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation 2, n.º 3 (18 de abril de 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajmri.v2i3.1454.
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The study examines the effects of disablers on pupils’ academic performance in linear programming at Zambia’s Nkeyema secondary school. The study applied interpretivist views and was entirely qualitative. The lived experiences of fifteen (15) participants which included 8 girls and 7 boys were also extracted using a homogenous (purposive) sample technique. These were previous Nkeyema secondary school pupils who had completed grade twelve. In-depth interviews and group discussions produced the data, which was then thematically analysed. The findings of this research showed that a number of disablers affected how well pupils performed academically in linear programming. One of them was the travel time required for pupils, as well as the lack of quality teaching and learning tools like textbooks. Furthermore, inefficient teaching methods employed by some teachers, lack of parental support, and pupils’ lack of prior knowledge negatively affected performance in linear programming final examinations. In an effort to address the issues with teaching linear programming in grade twelve, the following suggestions were made: The Ministry of Education should build schools close to neighborhoods to minimise the distance that pupils must travel and also lower absenteeism. In order to ensure that pupils are learning properly, it should also make sure that universities and other educational institutions incorporate linear programming while training new teachers. Also, schools should receive enough funding to purchase instructional materials. Teachers should use learner-centered activities and 21st-century teaching techniques to impart the subject. To encourage pupils to attend class and learn, the government should build more boarding schools and school administration should arrange them meals. The study concluded that pupils in grade twelve performed poorly in linear programming. The lecture method of instruction and the prevalence of disablers in its delivery all led to the pupils’ subpar academic achievement.
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Svastisalee, Chalida, Trine Pagh Pedersen, Jasper Schipperijn, Sanne Ellegaard Jørgensen, Bjørn E. Holstein e Rikke Krølner. "Fast-food intake and perceived and objective measures of the local fast-food environment in adolescents". Public Health Nutrition 19, n.º 3 (6 de maio de 2015): 446–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980015001366.
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AbstractObjectiveWe examined associations between fast-food intake and perceived and objective fast-food outlet exposure.DesignInformation from the Health Behaviours in School-aged Children Study was linked to fast-food outlets in seventy-five school neighbourhoods. We used multivariate multilevel logistic regression analyses to examine associations between at least weekly fast-food intake and perceived and objective fast-food outlet measures.SubjectsData represent 4642 adolescents (aged 11–15 years) in Denmark.ResultsBoys reporting two or more fast-food outlets had 34 % higher odds consuming fast food at least weekly. We detected higher odds of at least weekly fast-food intake among 15-year-old 9th graders (ORall=1·74; 95 % CI 1·40, 2·18; ORboys=2·20; 95 % CI 1·66, 2·91; ORgirls=1·41; 95 % CI 1·03, 1·92), Danish speakers (ORall=2·32; 95 % CI 1·68, 3·19; ORboys=2·58; 95 % CI 1·69, 3·93; ORgirls=2·37; 95 % CI 1·46, 3·84) and those travelling 15 min or less to school (ORall=1·21; 95 % CI 1·00, 1·46; ORgirls=1·44; 95 % CI 1·08, 1·93) compared with 11-year-old 5th graders, non-Danish speakers and those with longer travel times. Boys from middle- (OR=1·28; 95 % CI 1·00, 1·65) and girls from low-income families (OR=1·46; 95 % CI 1·05, 2·04) had higher odds of at least weekly fast-food intake compared with those from high-income backgrounds. Girls attending schools with canteens (OR=1·47; 95 % CI 1·00, 2·15) had higher odds of at least weekly fast-food intake than girls at schools without canteens.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates that perceived food outlets may impact fast-food intake in boys while proximity impacts intake in girls. Public health planning could target food environments that emphasize a better understanding of how adolescents use local resources.
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Núñez-Gómez, Patricia, Joaquín Sánchez-Herrera e Teresa Pintado-Blanco. "Children’s Engagement with Brands: From Social Media Consumption to Brand Preference and Loyalty". Sustainability 12, n.º 22 (10 de novembro de 2020): 9337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229337.
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Digital content consumption provides a new scenario for children’s relationships with brands. The objective of this research is to study the process by which children interact with social media networks and the effect on brand preference and loyalty generated by this interaction. Specifically, the objectives of this research are focused on empirically verifying the process of consumption, contribution, and creation of children in social networks, and confirm the effect they can have on the relationship between children and brands. A great amount of research has focused on adult consumers and has projected the methodology onto children. This paper will take into account the particularities of children who are one of the most important groups in the purchase decision process of many categories (travel, food, toys, technology, fashion, etc.). For this reason, a theoretical model was built and validated with a sample of boys and girls between the ages of 8 and 14. The results show that the interaction of children with digital media (social networks) has a very important effect on increasing and generating brand preferences and loyalty. Although the effect is general and is not dependent on the age of the child, a more intense effect was observed in children between the ages of 12 and 14.
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Kobayashi, Ryosuke. "The Lungshar Delegation and Britain in 1913". Inner Asia 18, n.º 2 (15 de dezembro de 2016): 288–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105018-12340069.
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In modern Tibetan history, it is fairly well known that in 1913 the 13th Dalai Lama appointed Lungshar Dorje Tsegyal as chaperon for four Tibetan boys to travel to Britain for a modern education. Less well studied are the letters the 13th Dalai Lama wrote for the King, Queen and ministers in Britain, which he had Lungshar take with him to London and which asserted the ‘rang btsan’ of Tibet, which today translates to ‘independence’. Through a comparative analysis of the original letters written in Tibetan and the letters that the 13th Dalai Lama sent to other countries, I will show how the Lungshar delegation was an important component of the overall diplomatic strategy designed by the 13th Dalai Lama after the demise of the Qing Dynasty. Based on comparative study between the Tibetan letters and the British translations, I will show that officials of British India, at the beginning of the 20th century, did not necessarily use ‘independence’ as the fixed parallel translation of ‘rang btsan’. This first analysis of the original Tibetan language letters sheds new light on the conceptual discrepancies in modern terminologies between the Tibetan and English languages that could have influenced the negotiations that took place between Tibet and Britain.
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Mensah, D., O. Oyebode e R. Aryeetey. "Evidence on physical activity and sedentary behaviour in Ghana: A rapid scoping review". African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 22, n.º 2 (4 de abril de 2022): 19583–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.107.21805.
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In Ghana, more than four in ten deaths in 2016 resulted from non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Physical inactivity and sedentary behaviours are important risk factors for NCDs. No previous systematic reviews examining physical activity and sedentary behaviour among Ghanaians were identified. Therefore, this rapid scoping review was conducted to find and synthesise what is known about the epidemiology of physical activity and sedentary behaviour of children and adults in Ghana. MEDLINE was searched for eligible studies and a narrative synthesis was conducted based on 17 identified papers as well as the 2008 Demographic and Health Survey report. Little recent high-quality data on prevalence of physical activity or sedentary behaviour in Ghana was found. Existing nationally representative data is now more than ten years old. The data identified suggest that the majority of Ghanaian adults, aged 18+ years, are physically active, achieving or exceeding World Health Organisation (WHO) recommendations (84.3% according to data collected in 2007-2008). Studies reporting sedentary behaviour in adults further suggest that the majority of Ghanaians are minimally sedentary. The most consistent associations with physical activity were by gender (men achieved more than women), employment (the employed, particularly in skilled manual jobs, achieved more than the unemployed), urban or rural residence (rural inhabitants achieved more than urban inhabitants) and socio-economic status (lower physical activity with increasing socio-economic status). Meanwhile, the few existing studies of physical activity in children (all of which investigated children aged 12+ years) suggest that the proportion of children achieving WHO recommendations on physical activity may be lower than for adults. A similar gender trend exists for children as in the adult data, with boys achieving more physical activity than girls. Physical activity is accrued most frequently through active travel, and active occupations, while leisure time physical activity is low. This means that the Ghanaian population may be vulnerable to becoming increasingly inactive as work and travel become more frequently mechanised and sedentary. Key words: Ghana, review, non-communicable disease, Epidemiology, Physical activity, behaviour
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Wang, Yinuo, Yang Liu, Shenzhi Song, Joel Gittelsohn, Miranda Ouellette, Yanan Ma e Deliang Wen. "Individual, parental and built environmental features as influencing factors of active travel to school in northeast China: findings from a cross-sectional study". BMJ Open 12, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2022): e047816. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047816.
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ObjectivesActive travel to school (ATS)-associated factors had been studied in some developed countries but rarely in China. We studied the associated factors of ATS at individual, parental and built environment domains in northeast China.Design and participantsA cross-sectional survey was conducted among 4–6 grade students in 2017. Sociodemographic features and information of parents were collected using questionnaires, and SuperMap (a geographical information system software) was used to catch built environment features. Logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between multilevel factors and ATS.ResultsOur study sample comprised 3670 primary school students aged from 8 to 15 (boys=51.0%, ATS=48.8%). Perceived to be fat (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.55, p<0.05), feeling easy to walk for a short distance (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.21 to 2.20, p<0.05), mother unemployed (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.06, p<0.05), higher land use mix (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.37, p<0.001) and higher density of public transport stations (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.37, p<0.05) were positively associated with increased possibility of ATS, while higher household annual income (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.83, p<0.05) and possession of private vehicles (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.69, p<0.001) were negatively associated with possibility of ATS.ConclusionsThe significant factors associated with ATS were at every examined level, which implies multilevel interventions are needed to encourage ATS. Further interventions could focus on the children’s willingness to lead students to opt for healthy behaviours, and children from wealthier families should be encouraged to choose ATS. Also, the government should improve built environment walkability so as to encourage ATS.
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Maslinskaya, Svetlana G. "Mobility Rights: Characters’ Movement Trajectories in Russian Children’s Literature of the 1920s". Studies in Theory of Literary Plot and Narratology 14, n.º 2 (2019): 140–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2410-7883-2019-2-140-150.
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The article presents the analysis of characters’ movement trajectories in the fictional space of Russian children’s literature of 1920s. Gender and social traits of the characters of Soviet children’s literature of the NEP era are correlated to spatial structure of the texts. Characters’ movements are ideologically conditioned and correspond to the propaganda campaign of “uniting city and village”, targeted at the economic and cultural integration of urban and rural population of Russia in 1920s. Male characters are generally more mobile while female characters’ movements are restricted to the rural area where the central accomplishment for them is to enlighten elder women in a family. Children’s literature does not offer examples of girls freely traveling around, notwithstanding the early Soviet propaganda for female emancipation, for the rights of working women, and for including girls in the young pioneer movement. While at the same time, male characters freely travel around the city, suburbs, and countryside. Female mobility is restricted regardless of their social origins (a daughter of a peasant, a daughter of a kulak, a daughter of a priest, etc.). Depiction of spatial emancipation of low- or middle-class girls in Soviet literature is suppressed by the traditional view on women’s freedom of movement, although it was diversely represented in pre-revolutionary children’s literature about daughters of nobility. The analysis showed that among characters of children’s literature of 1920s the city boys are the most mobile while country girls are the least mobile group.
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Rai, Bidur. "Quest of Spiritual Knowledge in Paulo Coelho’s Hippie: A Popular Cultural Perspective". Pursuits: A Journal of English Studies 6, n.º 1 (21 de julho de 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/pursuits.v6i1.46825.
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Coelho’s Hippie is based on the time in which Coelho is living the way of a hippie. Spiritual seekers make their way to India and even Nepal in the sixties in search of enlightenment. In the 1960s, the groups of unconventional appearance are associated with a subculture and reject conventional values. The paper tries to meet its objective by explaining how the protagonist cultivates his journey and achieves the spiritual awakening in the end of his journey. This paper explores issues of Quest of Spiritual Knowledge in Paulo Coelho’s Hippie through the lens of popular culture because in the today's world the text is connected to its cultural archetype. It interprets the issue of the hero quest and spiritual education in Coelho’s text and then its connection with popular culture. Coelho’s Hippie relates to how Paulo as well as the other young boys and girls challenge western and non-western concept of culture, and they leave their homes to experiment the world on their own. These youths appear to create and organize the hippie culture, live in separate commune and travel far and wide in quest of peace, freedom and love as protest. To interpret the text, I apply the readings and concepts of Joseph Campbell, John Storey, Ray Brown and Marshall Fishwick as a theoretical framework. The paper argues that although the hippie culture progresses as the counterculture of the 1960s youth movement, the protagonist’s quest of spiritual awakening is an issue of the study.
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Marzi, Isabel, Antonina Tcymbal, Peter Gelius, Karim Abu-Omar, Anne K. Reimers, Stephen Whiting e Kremlin Wickramasinghe. "Monitoring of physical activity promotion in children and adolescents in the EU: current status and future perspectives". European Journal of Public Health 32, n.º 1 (17 de novembro de 2021): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckab193.
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Abstract Background Policy action is required to address physical inactivity in boys and girls. This action can be supported by international data collection, comparisons and sharing of good practices. Thus, this study aims to present and discuss the ongoing monitoring of physical activity (PA) indicators in children and adolescents in the 28 EU Member States. Methods Data on PA recommendations, PA prevalence, physical education (PE) and PA promotion programs for children and adolescents were provided by governments in a joint EU/WHO survey on the implementation status of the EU Council Recommendation on Health-Enhancing Physical Activity (HEPA) across Sectors. Results In 23 countries, national recommendations on PA are available. Detailed PA prevalence data among children and adolescents was available in 27 countries, in most cases separately for sex/gender and age groups. The total amount of PE lessons in schools differed greatly between countries and lessons were predominantly mandatory. After-school HEPA promotion programs were mostly implemented in EU Member States (78.6%), followed by active school breaks (57.1%), active travel to school (57.1%) and active breaks during school lessons (53.6%). Conclusions This study summarizes the monitoring of PA indicators among children and adolescents in all EU Member States by providing a comprehensive overview of the status of PA promotion and monitoring across the region. Based on our findings, it could be concluded that the current EU monitoring system on PA promotion should be adapted to provide evidence that can inform future policy development.
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Deb, Santus Kumar, e Kamal Uddin. "Empirical Analysis of Factors Affecting the Adoption of Smartphone on Young Generation". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 4, n.º 2 (2018): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.42.1002.
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The aim of this study is to identify factors of smartphone adoption on young generation this study proposed an approach by dividing smartphone-based services into four different categories of Productivity that incorporate business utility apps (e.g., MS Word file viewer and file manager, easy in use, filling up expectations, article, internet, and education), Entertainment, which includes Game, Sports, Music, Mobile tv, and Photography apps. In addition, Information category contains Finance, News, Travel, Medical, Banking, Weather, and others. Networking indicates those services for the social networking such as Facebook and Twitter and others social networking apps. The survey comprises of four sections and responses are collected in 5-point Likert scale to measure the actual view of the respondents. Pearson correlation and Regression analysis are conducted to measure the degree to a correlation between dependent and independent variables. There is no significant relationship between smartphone services with expensiveness, affordability, and flexibility. But a significant relationship between smartphone services with protection towards the environment, tools for social networking, wireless Internet services, mobile tv & online banking. Out of 150 respondents, about 80% of them are quiet satisfied on smartphone services Among the respondent’s boys are mostly found of using different types of financial services like online marketing, online payment, online banking, etc. but girls are mostly found of entertainment services. Finally, it’s observed that on the eve of the twenty-first-century young generation demand and expectation regarding smartphone services is increasing in every day.
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Lagerqvist, Maja. "To crash on the bus (or sit on needles and pins)? – buses and subways in teenage everyday geographies". Fennia - International Journal of Geography 197, n.º 2 (31 de dezembro de 2019): 280–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.11143/fennia.83665.
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When young people travel, they are often very dependent on public transport or parents. This study uses interviews with 16–19 years old teenagers in Stockholm to investigate their everyday experiences of public transit. The paper explores the experiences of buses and subways, here conceptualized as mobile places, to understand how they shape teenagers’ daily life. Understanding teenagers’ experiences of public transportation is part of understanding their everyday life, struggles, and possibilities to be mobile and participate in society. It is also a step towards ensuring that they find public transportation inclusive, safe, and worth traveling with today and in the future. Conceptually, the analysis focuses on how these mobile places are experienced as providing weights or reliefs to the everyday and if, how and when they may be places of interaction or retreat, addressing two needs in teenagers’ personal being and development. The study shows how various experiences of traveling with buses and subways shape how the teenagers feel, and how they make strategic choices in relation to this. A quite manifold, varying, and complex picture of public transportation arises, with stories of wellbeing, comfort, discomfort, and exclusion, and with sharp differences between girls and boys, and between buses and subways. These nuances are essential in planning and evaluation of transport systems in regard to how, when, where, or for whom public transport can be a part of social sustainability, as public policies often assume.
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Visek, Amanda J., Heather Mannix, Avinash Chandran, Sean D. Cleary, Karen A. McDonnell e Loretta DiPietro. "Toward Understanding Youth Athletes’ Fun Priorities: An Investigation of Sex, Age, and Levels of Play". Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal 28, n.º 1 (1 de abril de 2020): 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/wspaj.2018-0004.
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Colloquial conjecture asserts perceptions of difference in what is more or less important to youth athletes based on binary categorization, such as sex (girls vs. boys), age (younger vs. older), and level of competitive play (recreational vs. travel). The fun integration theory’s FUN MAPS, which identify 11 fun-factors comprised of 81 fun-determinants, offers a robust framework from which to test these conceptions related to fun. Therefore, the purposes of this study were to scientifically explore: (a) the extent to which soccer players’ prioritization of the 11 fun-factors and 81 fun-determinants were consistent with the gender differences hypothesis or the gender similarities hypothesis, and (b) how their fun priorities evolved as a function of their age and level of play. Players’ (n = 141) data were selected from the larger database that originally informed the conceptualization of the fun integration theory’s FUN MAPS. Following selection, innovative pattern match displays and go-zone displays were produced to identify discrete points of consensus and discordance between groups. Regardless of sex, age, or level of play, results indicated extraordinarily high consensus among the players’ reported importance of the fun-factors (r = .90–.97) and fun-determinants (r = .92–.93), which were consistently grouped within strata of primary, secondary, and tertiary importance. Overall, results were consistent with the gender similarities hypothesis, thereby providing the first data to dispel common conceptions about what is most fun with respect to sex, in addition to age and level of play, in a sample of youth soccer players.
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Cowburn, Gill, Anne Matthews, Aiden Doherty, Alex Hamilton, Paul Kelly, Julianne Williams, Charlie Foster e Michael Nelson. "Exploring the opportunities for food and drink purchasing and consumption by teenagers during their journeys between home and school: a feasibility study using a novel method". Public Health Nutrition 19, n.º 1 (15 de abril de 2015): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980015000889.
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AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility and acceptability of using wearable cameras as a method to capture the opportunities for food and drink purchasing/consumption that young people encounter on their regular journeys to and from school.DesignA qualitative study using multiple data-collection methods including wearable cameras, global positioning system units, individual interviews, food and drink purchase and consumption diaries completed by participants over four days, and an audit of food outlets located within an 800 m Euclidean buffer zone around each school.SettingA community setting.SubjectsTwenty-two students (fourteen girls and eight boys) aged 13–15 years recruited from four secondary schools in two counties of England.ResultsWearable cameras offered a feasible and acceptable method for collecting food purchase and consumption data when used alongside traditional methods of data collection in a small number of teenagers. We found evidence of participants making deliberate choices about whether or not to purchase/consume food and drink on their journeys. These choices were influenced by priorities over money, friends, journey length, travel mode and ease of access to opportunities for purchase/consumption. Most food and drink items were purchased/consumed within an 800 m Euclidean buffer around school, with items commonly selected being high in energy, fat and sugar. Wearable camera images combined with interviews helped identify unreported items and misreporting errors.ConclusionsWearable camera images prompt detailed discussion and generate contextually specific information which could offer new insights and understanding around eating behaviour patterns. The feasibility of scaling up the use of these methods requires further empirical work.
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Toppo, Neelam Anupama, Deepali Soni, Priyanka Dubey e Priyank Mishra. "A Study on Factors Associated With Spread of Covid 19 among Health Care Delivery Workers in Jabalpur District [India]". International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science 5, n.º 11 (1 de novembro de 2020): 502–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol05-i11/990.
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Introduction: COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the most recently discovered coronavirus. This new virus and disease were unknown before the outbreak began in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. One target during this pandemic is to control infection by promoting the use of Masks, hand sanitizations and maintaining the social distance. And the key spreaders as well most vulnerable for Covid-19 are Medical care staff (Doctors, Nurses, paramedical workers, ward boy etc). Objectives: To assess what factors were responsible for spread the disease and to understand the pattern of spread of COVID-19 among these workers. Methodology: An exploratory study design conducted among the COVID-19 positive Doctors, Nurses, and paramedical staff working in Govt. or private set up. Through Telephonic conversation, data was collected. Result: 75% of a positive health professional was from NSCB medical college which has been designated as COVID Health Centre. The staffs are providing Critical care to Covid patients, Anaesthetics, Surgeons, Nurses, ward boys are at high risk for acquiring the disease. Out of 40 positive cases, only two had history of travel. Even people who wore PPE were also got infected. Maximum 38% were those who were wearing a mask but not all the time gloves. 20% were those who neither wearing masks nor gloves during exposure with contacts. Among those who were symptomatic most of them had fever followed by Fever with cough and cold, Fever with weaknesses and coughing, sore throat, body ache, etc. Conclusion: efforts are needed to reduce lapses in compliance with masking, use of gloves or the practice of hand hygiene and maintaining the social distancing in non-patient care areas, wards and OPDs.
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Raustorp, Anders, Cecilia Boldemann, Fredrika Mårtensson, Catarina Sternudd e Maria Johansson. "Translation of children’s cycling into steps: the share of cycling in 10-year-olds’ physical activity". International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 25, n.º 2 (1 de junho de 2013): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2013-0026.
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Abstract Background: Active travel has a potential to increase children’s physical activity (PA). Pedometers offer a valid option to measure PA, but do not capture cycling activity. Children’s self-reported cycling distances can be analyzed by the Geografic Information System (GIS). Aim: To combine pedometry and GIS mapping to identify the relative amount of cycling in children’s PA. Study group: Of all children in 4th grade (n=187) in Staffanstorp Sweden, 144 had valid pedometer data. Fifty-six children were non-cyclists while 88 children (32 boys, 47 girls, 9 gender unknown) reported at least one cycle journey. Methods: Cycle trips were entered into GIS and calculated to total cycling distance. Average length of the single distances cycled per day was 676 m (SD=534 m). A previously reported cycling speed (13.5 km/h) was used to calculate time spent cycling. Consequently distance=676 m, speed=13.5 km/h=13,500 m/3600 s=3.75 m/s and time=676m/3.75m/s=180.26 s=3 min. Expenditure of 4 and 5 metabolic equivalents (METs) has in children been reported equivalent to 122 and 127 steps/min, respectively. We estimated 4.7 METs (13.5 km/h) as 126 steps for every min of cycling (127–122=5×0.7=125.5). Results: The daily mean cycle distance was 676 m, on average 379 additional steps/day for cycling children (min. 21, max. 1385, SD=299) with no gender difference. Additional “steps” obtained by cycling corresponded to on average 3% of their PA. Conclusion: The relative contribution of cycling in 10-year-old children’s PA level is quite small and stable between children across different levels of activity levels, regardless of gender.