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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Blood play"
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Youn, Minyoung, Hee-Don Chae, Jesus Omar Gomez e Kathleen M. Sakamoto. "Pp90RSK Isoforms Play Distinct Roles during Hematopoiesis". Blood 136, Supplement 1 (5 de novembro de 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-142251.
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Ribosomal S6 Kinases (RSKs) include a family of serine/threonine kinases that regulate cell proliferation and survival. In humans, four RSK isoforms (RSK1-4) have been identified. Although they are 73-80% conserved in sequence homology, RSK isoforms are reported to have distinct functions. RSKs phosphorylate cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) which is a regulator of hematopoietic proliferation and differentiation. RSK1 is hyperactivated in AML and is therefore a potential therapeutic target for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Therefore, inhibition of RSK requires understanding of its role during normal hematopoiesis. Furthermore, the role of RSK isoforms during hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis has not been well characterized. To study the expression of RSK isoforms in hematopoiesis, we cultured human cord blood CD34+ (CBCD34+) hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in differentiating media containing SCF, Flt3L, TOP, IL-3, IL-6, GM-CSF, and EPO and performed qPCR with mRNA of the RSK isoforms at different stages of maturation up to 14 days. RPS6KA1 (RSK1) was expressed throughout hematopoiesis, but RPS6KA3 (RSK2) and RPS6KA2 (RSK3) showed higher expression by 2-fold (p<0.05) in the earlier stages of normal hematopoiesis. Moreover, RPS6KA3 is highly expressed in CD38-CD34+ HSCs compared with other progenitor populations (LMPP, MPP, CMP, GMP, and MEP) isolated from human cord blood. RPS6KA2 expression was higher in LMPP by 7-fold (p<0.05) and CMP by 3-fold (p<0.05) compared with HSCs but was barely detectable in MEPs. RPS6KA1 was ubiquitously expressed in all progenitor populations. These results suggest that RSK2 and RSK3 have distinct functions during early myelopoiesis. To study the requirement of RSK isoforms during hematopoiesis, we knocked down RSK expression by transducing lentivirus expressing isoform-specific shRNAs or scramble controls into human CBCD34+ cells. On day 5 following transduction, cells were sorted and plated in methylcellulose media and assessed for the colony-forming activity of RSK knockdown in HSPCs. While RSK3 knockdown increased BFU-E colonies by 1.5-fold (p<0.05) compared with control cells, RSK1 knockdown decreased BFU-E and CFU-E erythroid colonies by 2-fold (p<0.05) but increased CFU-GM colonies by 2-fold (p<0.05) compared with control cells. However, RSK2 knockdown did not show any significant effects on colony-forming activity of HSPCs. We confirmed the isoform-specific effect of RSKs in normal hematopoiesis using liquid culture assays. We collected transduced cells at day 8, 11, and 14 after transduction and analyzed cell populations by flow cytometry. Similar to colony formation assay results, RSK3 knockdown increased the CD71+ erythroid population by 1.5-fold (p<0.001), but suppressed production of the CD14+ monocyte population. RSK1 knockdown enhanced production of the CD11b+/CD14+ myeloid population, but inhibited the CD71+ erythroid production by 1.5-fold (p<0.001) compared with control HSPCs. There was no significant change in blood cell differentiation in RSK2 knockdown cells. These data demonstrate that RSK1 and RSK3 exert opposite functions during erythroid and myeloid differentiation of HSPCs, suggesting a novel role for RSK isoforms as a determinant of early fate decisions of HSCs. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Kipps, Thomas J. "MicroRNAs play a role in neoplasia". Blood 109, n.º 12 (15 de junho de 2007): 5071–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2007-04-081786.
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Ahn, Yeon S. "Triple play of H pylori in ITP". Blood 115, n.º 21 (27 de maio de 2010): 4155–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2010-02-269720.
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Au, Sam H. "Drug smuggling microparticles play dress-up". Science Translational Medicine 10, n.º 452 (1 de agosto de 2018): eaau7382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aau7382.
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Kahn, Mark L. "Platelet collagen receptors play molecular ping-pong". Blood 103, n.º 4 (15 de fevereiro de 2004): 1180–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2003-11-4080.
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Borges, Kelly, Alexander Rothstein, Peter Douris, Timothy Li, Olivia Ballone, Min-Kyung Jung e Joanne DiFrancisco-Donoghue. "Blood Flow In Extended ESport Play: A Pilot Study". Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 55, n.º 9S (setembro de 2023): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000985676.45494.63.
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Walzer, Thierry. "NK-cell education: KIR-S come into play". Blood 115, n.º 6 (11 de fevereiro de 2010): 1110–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2009-11-254953.
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Abstract In this issue of Blood, Fauriat and colleagues find that the expression of KIR2DS1 by human NK cells is associated with a decreased responsiveness to various stimuli in HLA C2/C2 but not in C1/C1 persons.
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Arun Kumar, Sumukh, Ankushi Sanghvi, Maya Gogtay, Harshit Khosla, Susan V. George e Ahmad Daniyal Siddiqui. "Did Physicians Have a Role to Play in National Blood Crisis?" Blood 140, Supplement 1 (15 de novembro de 2022): 7883–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2022-160184.
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Fauriat, Cyril, e Daniel Olive. "AML drug resistance: c-Myc comes into play". Blood 123, n.º 23 (5 de junho de 2014): 3528–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2014-04-566711.
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Hardison, Ross C. "Finding partners to play the music of regulation". Blood 127, n.º 13 (31 de março de 2016): 1624–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2016-02-697169.
Texto completo da fonteTeses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Blood play"
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Freeman, Grant HS. "A Pact Sealed in Blood: The Creation of Blood Letters: An American Odyssey". VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3630.
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A Pact Sealed in Blood: The Creation of Blood Letters: An American Odyssey is a reflection on the project, writing, script and production phases of a student researched and written theatrical script, which debuted in the Shafer Street Playhouse on April 24, 2014 on the campus of Virginia Commonwealth University. This paper looks at the processes involved with the creation of that piece. The theatrical piece tells the tales of three men over the course of 150 years as each man goes through his own personal crucible. The first fights for his country and his family during the American Civil War. The second fights for his country and his love during World War Two. The third works for his country and searches for his family during bouts of political destruction, alcoholism, and lost love. The piece interweaves these three tales with a fourth, present day narrator, in an adaption of Homer’s The Odyssey. This paper looks at the research, development of the script, and the final product of that theatrical piece. It also delves into the author’s beliefs on the search for the human soul within writing and the importance of connection within that search. Finally, it is revealed that perhaps the greatest search lies within our own personal journey.
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Chesi, Giulia Maria. "The play of words : blood ties and power relations in Aeschylus' Oresteia". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609728.
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Marsden, Katelyn Randi Lee. "Cerebral blood flow velocity : does it play a role in symptom exacerbation during exercise in concussed athletes?" Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/45239.
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Exercise frequently results in exacerbation of symptoms following a sports-related concussion (SRC). However, the mechanism(s) behind this phenomenon has yet to be determined. It is possible that an inability to regulate cerebral blood flow (CBF) may lead to over-perfusion, and thus cause the exacerbation of symptoms seen during exercise. It was hypothesized that: 1) CBF velocity during exercise will be greater in SRC. 2) Severity of symptoms will be correlated with CBF velocity during exercise and 3) day-to-day variability in CBF velocity will be greater in SRC compared to control subjects. Subjects refrained from caffeine, alcohol and exercise 24hrs prior to testing. Blood velocity was monitored using transcranial Doppler targeting both the middle and posterior cerebral artery (MCAv and PCAv). Exercise was performed on a stationary bike at 30% and 70% predicted heart rate reserve (HRR) for 2-3 minutes and changes in MCAv and PCAv were compared to baseline at rest. Symptoms were evaluated using SCAT2 pre and post-exercise. Subjects included 6 subjects (5 males and 1 female) diagnosed with sport-related concussion (mean ± standard deviation; age: 17.5±2 years, BMI: 24±1 kg/m²) and 6 healthy control-subjects (5 males and 1 female; age: 20±2 years, BMI: 22±2 kg/m²). Concussed subjects were tested at the same time of day on Day 4±1, Day 8±1, Day 17±3 and Day 29±1 following injury. Assessment of day-to-day variability also conducted using the test-retest method with the inclusion of a subgroup of control subjects (n=12). Results demonstrated that 1) there was no effect of concussion on resting MCAv or PCAv over the month post-injury. In addition, no effect of concussion was seen on the relative changes in MCAv or PCAv at either 30% or 70% HRR. 2) A linear regression revealed a relationship between the increase in both number and severity of symptoms and MCA velocity response to 70% HRR (R² = 0.37). 3) Concussion did not significantly change day-to-day variability over the course of testing. Taken together, these results demonstrate that SRC does not significantly impact CBF responses during mild to moderate exercise; however, MCAv response may play a role in symptom exacerbation during exercise.
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Lynch, Dorine A. "Basic Quality Care Blood Pressure Teaching Plan". ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7821.
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Hypertension (HTN) is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease complications, disability, and mortality. Delayed detection of HTN increases the risk of the patient developing heart disease, renal failure, and stroke, which are among the leading causes of death in the US. Educating healthcare providers is, therefore, necessary to ensure accuracy when measuring blood pressure (BP) to improve the likelihood of early detection and commencement of treatment. The BP teaching project involved the development of an evidence-based teaching program to educate nurses at an East Coast Veterans' Administration Center on the guidelines of measuring BP. The practice-focused question addressed whether the literature would support a continuing education program in BP measurement to improve the nurses' knowledge and skills necessary to promote patients' quality of life related to HTN. The evidence-based literature supported education and provided the information used to develop the teaching modules. The frameworks guiding the project included practice modules grounded in quality improvement and, more specifically, the plan, do, study, and act cycles. The findings indicated a highly significant increase in nurses' knowledge of BP measurement after the educational session (p< 0.001). The implications for positive social change included improving the health outcomes of veterans and promoting HTN management in the East Coast VA primary care centers.
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González, Luis Gabriel, e Quintana Gonzalo Iván Morales. "De Bloom". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2016. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/143189.
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TESIS PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE MAGÍSTER EN ADMINISTRACIÓN
Luis Gabriel Gonzélez [Parte I], Gonzalo Iván Morales Quintana [Parte II]El presente documento tiene por objetivo describir el plan de negocios para el desarrollo de un canal de venta minorista de flores para regalo “De Bloom”. El modelo de negocios se apunta a la venta de flores envasadas a través de una tienda virtual y tiendas físicas ubicadas en pasillos de malls. La industria de las flores en Chile se caracteriza por su gran tamaño (aproximadamente USD 70 millones), una gran cantidad de competidores poco profesionalizados y altamente fragmentados, productos poco diferenciados y con márgenes elevados (cercanos al 50%) y una estructura de clientes altamente atomizada, lo que permite vislumbrar la posibilidad de una reestructuración de la industria, por medio de fusiones o adquisiciones, o el crecimiento orgánico de alguno de los actores de la industria, a consecuencia de la profesionalización y creación de barreras de entrada. A lo largo de este documento se analiza el mercado, sus tendencias, preferencias de compra, y se identifica el segmento objetivo, “El Amoroso” (clientes que buscan flores para regalar a personas con quienes poseen un alto vínculo emocional), como el más atractivo en términos de negocio, tanto por su tamaño, disposición a pagar y la posibilidad de generar una propuesta de valor ad-hoc (“Nuestros productos son flores para regalo de excelente presentación, mayor duración, fáciles de adquirir y de entrega rápida”). El producto logra diferenciarse de la oferta existente por su mayor duración (debido a la incorporación de un pack de hidratación y por las características del envase), su presentación (sencilla, moderna y de gran atención a los detalles), y su servicio de entrega rápido y flexible, adicionalmente, la estrategia de puntos de venta facilita la compra del producto y entrega visibilidad a la marca. Como una forma de reducir riesgos, generar aprendizaje y desarrollar ventajas competitivas de forma gradual, el plan de crecimiento se estructura en 3 etapas: desarrollo del canal online, apertura de tiendas físicas en Santiago y el desarrollo de una red de distribuidores en regiones. Financieramente, el negocio se muestra atractivo con requerimiento financiero total de $45 MM, un VAN al 5º año de $83 MM, 45% de TIR y un payback de 1,7 años, pero con una alta sensibilidad al volumen de venta (Apalancamiento Operativo = 4).
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Lees-Jeffries, Hester M. M. "Tragedies of blood : The significance of the family in five Renaissance plays". Thesis, University of Canterbury. English, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7059.
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In this thesis, I examine the functions and significance of the family in five English tragedies from the period 1607-30. Drawing on Renaissance texts in which the family is employed as the fundamental analogue of social and moral order, I argue that the prominence of the family in these plays attests to an enduring belief in the need for order and structure in society, which their sensationalist depictions of depravities such as adultery, incest, bastardy and murder should not be allowed to obscure. In doing so, I reject criticism which regards these plays' view of human nature and society as 'progressive', modern and pessimistic, arguing instead that their ethos is implicitly conservative and, if at times cynical, nostalgic.
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Ycka, Salgado Yarmila Elizabeth. "Plan Comercial Internacional para la Tecnología SIMBAS (Self-Powered Integrated Microfluidic Blood Analysis System)". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2010. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/102360.
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El objetivo del presente informe es realizar un plan de comercialización para el dispositivo
SIMBAS (Self-powered Integrated Microfluidic Blood Analysis System), el cual se encuentra
en etapa de prueba y adquisición de patentes, en Reino Unido y Estados Unidos. Este
dispositivo se asocia a la industria de las tecnologías Point of Care (POC).
Los diagnósticos POC están orientadas al diagnóstico al lado del paciente, profesional
o en cualquier sitio distinto del laboratorio clínico. La base es el diagnóstico rápido oportuno
con resultados en tiempo real que permitan tomar decisiones clínicas en el momento
adecuado. Es así como los productos POC suelen estar orientados a: médicos, pacientes,
salas de emergencia, cuidado intensivo (UCI, UTI), unidades de neonatología, medicina del
deporte, clínicas veterinarias, entre otros. Vale decir cualquier lugar donde se requiera un
diagnóstico rápido elaborado de una forma sencilla. La principal ventaja de los diagnósticos
POC es el tiempo de respuesta para exámenes críticos.
La metodología aplicada se basó en una extensa recopilación de información tanto de
fuentes de información secundaria (informes relacionados, estudios de mercado, reportes
anuales de compañías de la industria, etc.) como también entrevistas con expertos en el
tema tanto de Salud Pública como nuevas aplicaciones para tecnologías médicas. Con
esta información se realizó un estudio de mercado con el cual se descubrió cuáles eran
los segmentos donde SIMBAS podía entregar más valor. Tanto para las actividades de
marketing como el análisis financiero se aplicaron todos los supuestos para comercializar
una tecnología nueva, por ejemplo dar a conocer el producto a través de un plan piloto con
soporte de profesionales e instituciones reconocidas como una universidad.
Concluyendo, se tiene que la comercialización del dispositivo SIMBAS considera varios
aspectos que son factores críticos para el éxito del proyecto. Entre éstos se cuentan,
primero el cumplimiento de cada una de las cuatro etapas recomendadas para el proceso de
introducción al mercado objetivo chileno, que es principalmente el Sistema de Salud Público
y las consultas médicas privadas. Segundo, se debe transmitir adecuadamente las ventajas
del uso de este dispositivo a través de la educación a los profesionales y pacientes en los
temas relacionados con el diagnóstico rápido y autocontrol de las patologías relacionadas.
Tercero, la generación de confianza en la empresa dependerá de los resultados positivos
que se consigan durante el plan piloto de dos años que financiará la empresa, en donde
debe quedar en evidencia la mejora en gestión del tiempo y ahorro de costos a través del
uso de SIMBAS.
Finalmente, la evaluación económica del proyecto indica que sería una inversión
rentable, con un VAN de M$ 642.988 y una TIR de 56%, esto dentro de un horizonte de
evaluación de 10 años y considerando una tasa de descuento de 30%.
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Schreiber, Dale. "The role that blood sacrifice plays in the Worodougou practice of the religion of Islam". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1998. http://www.tren.com.
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Lundberg, Martin. "Optimization of the multiplexed Proximity Ligation Assay for detection of blood-based biomarkers". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-223943.
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The Proximity Ligation Assay (PLA) is a relatively new method which utilizes the strength of both immunoassays and DNA detection. PLA has the capacity of high multiplexing due to the high specificity achieved with both dual protein-binding and dual primer binding during detection with Real-Time PCR. We developed a multiplexed PLA protocol that can measure 28 biomarkers in human EDTA plasma. The method was tested on 46 individuals diagnosed with colorectal cancer and 48 age matched healthy controls. The results are very promising as we re-discover the most well-known biomarkers for colorectal cancer and also find some potential new markers (significance tested with students T-test with p<0.05). Further improvements of the protocol are needed to decrease the variation.
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Wang, Wanzheng Michelle. "Reclaiming Aesthetics in Twentieth- and Twenty-First-Century Fiction". The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1435584142.
Texto completo da fonteLivros sobre o assunto "Blood play"
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Bains, Harwant S. Blood: A play. London: Methuen Drama, 1989.
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Izuora, Ozioma. Blood for palm-wine: A play. Enugu, Nigeria: Delta Publications (Nigeria) Limited, 2009.
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Izuora, Ozioma. Blood for palm-wine: A play. Enugu, Nigeria: Delta Publications (Nigeria) Limited, 2009.
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Fugard, Athol. Blood knot: A play in seven scenes. New York: S. French, 1989.
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Brent, Laytham D., ed. God does not--: Entertain, play matchmaker, hurry, demand blood, cure every illness. Grand Rapids, MI: Brazos Press, 2009.
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Delaney, Shelagh. A taste of honey: A play. London: Methuen, 1993.
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Koste, Virginia Glasgow. White as snow, red as blood: The story of Snow White, a play in seven scenes. Charlottesville, VA: New Plays Incorporated, 1992.
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National AIDS Control Organization (India), ed. An action plan for blood safety. New Delhi: National AIDS Control Organisation, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, 2003.
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Rossmore, James L. Plan Colombia: Blood and drugs. London: Anthem, 2001.
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Fugard, Athol. Blood knot, and other plays. New York, N.Y: Theatre Communications Group, 1991.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteCapítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Blood play"
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Hughes, Luke, e Stephen David Patterson. "Blood Flow Restriction Training and Return to Play Following Knee Surgery". In Knee Arthroscopy and Knee Preservation Surgery, 1–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82869-1_74-1.
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Berre, Nanna, Gabriela Castro, Henrik Kjeldsberg, Rami Masri e Ingeborg Gjerde. "A Computational Study of Flow Instabilities in Aneurysms". In Computational Physiology, 63–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05164-7_6.
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AbstractThe majority of hemorrhagic strokes are caused by cerebral aneurysms, harboured in a large portion of the human population. Currently, it is unclear what constitutes a dangerous aneurysm, and the risk of rupture of such aneurysms is challenging to quantify. Previous studies have shown that flow dynamics play an important role in the development of aneurysms. However, there is varying consensus on blood flow patterns and stability. In this work, we formulate a Reynolds–Orr method to quantify the stability of blood flow in arteries. Applying this method to blood flow in four different arterial models, we find that the blood flow therein is unstable under physiological conditions. We show the most unstable eigenmodes for each of these models and discuss how they potentially could help explain the initiation and growth of aneurysms.
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Clout, Ruth, John Murray, Maria Farrell, Daphna Hutt e Michelle Kenyon. "Cell Therapy, Nursing Implications and Care". In The European Blood and Marrow Transplantation Textbook for Nurses, 101–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23394-4_7.
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AbstractOver recent years cellular therapy has seen substantial progress across Europe, particularly cell-based immunotherapy/ immune effector cells (IECs), with the approval of autologous CD19 CAR-T products for patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell malignancies-diffuse large B cell lymphoma, acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (paediatric, teenage and young adult) and mantle cell lymphoma). Whilst this development has delivered benefit to patients with poor risk disease, there is potential for associated toxicities which require careful patient selection, assessment, monitoring, treatment and follow-up care. Nurses play a crucial role in supporting patients throughout this pathway. This chapter focuses on autologous cell-based immunotherapies (CAR-T) process, infusion, toxicities, management and the patient pathway, whilst also exploring non-cell-based immunotherapies, cell therapy in solid tumours and the role of clinical trials.
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Pohlmann, Andreas, Kaixuan Zhao, Sean B. Fain, Pottumarthi V. Prasad e Thoralf Niendorf. "Experimental Protocol for MRI Mapping of the Blood Oxygenation-Sensitive Parameters T2* and T2 in the Kidney". In Methods in Molecular Biology, 403–17. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_23.
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AbstractRenal hypoxia is generally accepted as a key pathophysiologic event in acute kidney injury of various origins, and has also been suggested to play a role in the development of chronic kidney disease. Here we describe a step-by-step experimental protocol for indirect monitoring of renal blood oxygenation in rodents via the deoxyhemoglobin sensitive MR parameters T2* and T2—a contrast mechanism known as the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) effect. Since an absolute quantification of renal oxygenation from T2*/T2 remains challenging, the effects of controlled and standardized variations in the fraction of inspired oxygen are used for bench marking. This MRI method may be useful for investigating renal blood oxygenation of small rodents in vivo under various experimental (patho)physiological conditions.This chapter is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This experimental protocol chapter is complemented by two separate chapters describing the basic concept and data analysis.
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Kurysheva, Natalia I., Vitaliy Yu Kim e Valeria E. Kim. "Does the Evaluation of Ocular Blood Supply Play a Role in Glaucoma Diagnostics and Prognosis of Progression?" In Predictive, Preventive, and Personalised Medicine: From Bench to Bedside, 313–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34884-6_18.
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Nozaleda, Guillermo L., Sofia Poloni, Luca Soliveri e Kristian Valen-Sendstad. "Impact of Modeling Assumptions on Hemodynamic Stresses in Predicting Cerebral Aneurysm Rupture Status". In Computational Physiology, 99–110. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53145-3_7.
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AbstractApproximately 3% of the population is estimated to have cerebral aneurysms, which are the leading cause of subarachnoid haemorrhage. Convincing evidences suggest that wall shear stresses (WSS) play a role in vessel remodeling and in the development of vascular diseases. SinceWSS cannot be directly measured, researchers have resorted to using medical images available in routine clinical practice to simulate computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and investigate patient-specific vascular conditions. They retrospectively analyse the correlation between WSS and disease outcomes to find potential clinical tools for future use. However, most of these models are based on assumptions that introduce variability and error. In this work we investigated the effects of a non-Newtonian viscosity model and inflow uncertainty on the prediction of commonly computed hemodynamic metrics. Our results show a substantial influence of the non-Newtonian model and blood flow rate on CFD outcomes, highlighting the need of incorporating non-Newtonian rheology and patient-specific blood flow measurements in CFD simulations.
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Triggle, Chris R., Malarvannan Pannirselvam, Todd J. Anderson e Hong Ding. "Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor(s). Does it Exist and What Role Does it Play in the Regulation of Blood Flow?" In Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular Disease, 341–48. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0453-5_25.
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"PRELUDE TO THE PLAY". In Forgotten Blood, 5–8. Anthem Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvr7fcqx.2.
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"Lay Play and Festive Theater:". In Blood Brothers and Peace Pipes, 144–98. University of Wisconsin Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvvh86xk.8.
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Waugh, Thomas. "Bread, Water, Blood, Rifles, Planes". In The Right to Play Oneself, 57–70. University of Minnesota Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5749/minnesota/9780816645862.003.0003.
Texto completo da fonteTrabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Blood play"
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Ashbarry, Louise, Benjamin Geelan, Kristy de Salas e Ian Lewis. "Blood and Violence". In CHI PLAY '16: The annual symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2967934.2968111.
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AlMomani, T., H. S. Udaykumar, J. Marshall e K. B. Chandran. "Dynamic Simulation of Red Blood Cells/Platelet Interaction in Arteriolar Blood Flow". In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-175290.
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Hemodynamic forces have been proposed as a major factor in thrombosis (thrombus formation) in the human cardiovascular system [1]. It has been suggested that platelet activation, aggregation and adhesion to the surface of the implants result in the formation of the mural thrombi [2]. Red blood cells (RBCs) are thought to play a significant role in the dynamics and the activation of the platelets and hence thrombus formation in the human arterial system. Previous experimental works indicate that RBCs cause platelets to migrate and move toward the vessel walls [3]. Thrombus formation has also been shown to increase as the hematocrit (Hct) increases [4]. In order to simulate the platelet dynamics requires the computational analysis of the transport and collision of the formed elements under physiological flow. In the present study, a two-dimensional (2D) simulation of the RBC/platelet dynamics in the arterioles is described.
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A. ABDULMEER, Hanaa, Saba A.ALI e Alyaa ISAM. "THE SIGNIFICANCE OF COMPLETE BLOOD BLOOD COUNT AS LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS IN COVID-19". In IV.International Scientific Congress of Pure,Appliedand Technological Sciences. Rimar Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/minarcongress4-22.
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The increased global prevalence of COVID-19 has resulted in a significant increase in the occupancy rate of healthcare facilities, resulting in overcrowding in some areas. In this situation, healthcare staff must efficiently assess patients' status and undertake risk stratification, particularly in a triage setting. The complete blood count is a easily available, cost-effective, and time-saving testing procedure that may be useful in supporting those processes. This review examines changes in complete blood count parameters in COVID-19 patients with the goal to identify the most common changes in the parameters and their relationship to illness progression and severity. Anemia, increased red blood cell distribution width, decreased white blood cell count, significant alterations in white blood cell differential count, and thrombocytopenia were all prevalent symptoms in COVID-19 patients. Changes in complete blood count values and their magnitude are thought to provide useful information regarding illness severity and prognosis. Finally, COVID-19 patients have a consistent pattern of abnormalities in complete blood count values that arelinked to illness development, severity, and prognosis. Given the useful information offered by the test, it is envisaged that complete blood count evaluation would play a significant role in COVID-19 management
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Yano, K., e T. Yamaguchi. "Computational Mechanical Simulation of the Aggregation and Dissociation of Platelets Mediated by von Willebrand Factor". In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32575.
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Platelets play an important role in blood coagulation, particularly in the formation of primary thrombi. The aggregation of platelets, which initiates primary thrombi formation, is thought to be mediated by the von Willebrand factor (vWF). The vWF is a long-chain macromolecule that exists in a soluble form in the blood flow and an insoluble form in the vessel wall. Figure 1 schematically shows normal (a) and pathological (b) thrombus formation processees. In both cases, platelets adhere to the injured vessel wall and then form a thrombus in cooperation with the fibrin network, red cells, and other blood constituents. The vWF plays a more important role in pathological thrombosis formation than in the normal hemostatic process, due to its ability to sense and react to hemodynamic stress.
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Riva, Charles E., Ralph Zuckerman, Benno L. Petrig e Juan E. Grunwald. "Noninvasive Assessment of Retinal Macular Capillary Blood Flow Regulation". In Noninvasive Assessment of the Visual System. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/navs.1987.wc4.
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Quantitative determination of retinal blood flow and its regulation is fundamental to an understanding of the pathophysiology of the retinal vascular system and to an objective evaluation of the effect of treatment. Of particular importance is the quantification of blood flow in the capillaries, where the exchange of nutrients and waste products takes place. For example, impairment of this exchange is believed to play an important role in the development of diabetic retinopathy, a disease which often results in severe visual loss.
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Miyazaki, Hisako, Hao Liu e Takami Yamaguchi. "Computational Mechanical Analysis of the Platelets Behavior in the Blood Flow Using Discrete Element Method". In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-2534.
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Abstract Platelets play an important role in blood coagulation, particularly in the formation of primary thrombi. It is thought that the aggregation of platelets, which initiates primary thrombi formation, is mediated by a macromolecule called von Willebrand Factor (vWF). vWF is a long chain macromolecule that exists in the blood flow as a soluble form and in the vessel wall as an insoluble form. Figure 1 schematically shows normal (a) and pathological (b) thrombus formation processes as illustrated by Ikeda (1998) In both cases, platelets adhere to the injured vessel wall and then form a thrombus in cooperation with the fibrin network, red cells, and other blood constituents. vWF is thought to play a more important role in pathological thrombosis formation than in the normal hemostatic process, particularly due to its ability to react to hemodynamic stress.
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Yano, Koichiro, Daisuke Mori, Ken-ichi Tsubota, Takuji Ishikawa, Shigeo Wada e Takami Yamaguchi. "Effect of the Red Blood Cells on the Primary Thrombus Formation". In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176360.
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It has been pointed out that some mechanical factors play important roles in a series of physiological or biochemical processes during the thrombus formation. Recently, many studies including the authors’ work qualitatively demonstrated how the thrombus is regulated under the influences of the blood flow and the intercellular molecular bridge using computational fluid dynamics techniques[1–4]. They verified the importance of the balance of them in the process of the thrombus formation. However, few studies have taken into account the existence of the other cell constituents than the platelet such as red blood cell (RBC).
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AlMomani, T. D., S. C. Vigmostad, H. S. Udaykumar e K. B. Chandran. "Modeling of Red Blood Cell Dynamics Using Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) Technique". In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19039.
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Red blood cells (RBCs) or erythrocytes are biconcave disks with diameter of 8μm and thickness of 2 μm. RBC can be considered as a nucleus free deformable capsule enclosed by a flexible membrane and consisting of an incompressible viscous fluid [8, 9]. The deformation of RBCs is thought to play a major role in both RBC dynamics and functionality. Previous studies have indicated that two important characteristics related to deformation of the RBC [1]: i) the interior of the RBC is a liquid state that surrounded by an elastic membrane, ii) the biconcave shape of the RBC enables it to deform into a wide varieties of shapes without inducing any stresses in the cell membrane.
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Furukawa, Toshiki, Takuro Sakagami, Asako Takiguchi, Kenji Shima, Hirotaka Sakamoto, Yosuke Kimura, Yoshifumi Hoshino et al. "Th17 Cells In Peripheral Blood Play Pivotal Roles In Development Of Non-Eosinophilic Asthma Independent Of Th1/Th2 Paradigm". In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a3944.
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Goldsmith, Harry L. "Observing Human Blood Cells in Flow Through Microchannels". In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-31330.
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For the rheologist, blood is essentially a concentrated suspension of biconcave 8-μm diameter red cells (40–45% by volume) that circulates within the body in vessels from 25 mm down to 5 μm diameter. Here, we describe in vitro tracking of blood cells in a traveling microtube apparatus and in a counter-rotating micro cone-plate device at low Reynolds numbers, Re. Observations of the flow behavior of individual red cells reveal a marked and continuously changing deformation and interaction of the cells in shear, and this, together with their migration away from the vessel wall accounts for the low whole blood overall viscosity compared to other concentrated suspensions and emulsions. Red cells also strongly affect the flow behavior and interactions of platelets and of white cells, which although present at much lower concentrations (0.3% by volume), play key roles in thrombosis, hemostasis, and inflammation. Studies of the kinetics of the formation and break-up of receptor-ligand bonds between membranes of platelets and of white cells in shear flow revealed single bond strengths of 50 −200 nN. Such micro particle image velocimetry (μPIV) studies have recently been considerably refined and extended to in vivo vessels such as postcapillary venules. Using submicron fluorescent latex spheres, the existence of an impermeable and hydrodynamically effective surface layer (< 0.5 μm thick) extending out from the vessel endothelium has been confirmed. The lecture is illustrated by movies of blood flow in vitro and in vivo.
Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Blood play"
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Tschoellitsch, Thomas, Martin Dünser, Matthias Noitz e Michael Türk. Clinical indicators of systemic tissue hypoperfusion (‘shock’): A protocol for a systematic review and qualitative analysis of the literature. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, dezembro de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.12.0047.
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Review question / Objective: The objective of this review is to identify the current scientific evidence on the value of clinical signs to indicate systemic tissue hypoperfusion or shock. Condition being studied: In the literature and clinical studies, shock has traditionally been defined by a drop in arterial blood pressure under a critical threshold, e.g., a systolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg, a mean arterial blood pressure <65 mmHg or a relative drop in systolic blood pressure of ≥40 mmHg. From a pathophysiologic point of view, shock relates to an imbalance between tissue oxygen delivery as well as cellular oxygen consumption and utilization. In most cases, shock results from systemic tissue hypoperfusion with consequent decreased tissue oxygen delivery (commonly referred to as circulatory shock). Impaired cellular oxygen consumption and utilization appear to play contributory roles in specific disease states (e.g., sepsis) or conditions (e.g., intoxications).
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Osorio, Itzel, Camillie Delevaux, Ricardo Perez-Cuevas, Gabriela García, Rene Kuster, Nanika Braithwaite, Brendalee Adderley e Luis Tejerina. Associated Factors of Healthy Lifestyle in the Bahamas. Inter-American Development Bank, janeiro de 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009376.
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The Bahamas faces critical challenges due to an increase in chronic diseases (CDs). Overweight and obesity are on the rise among all age groups. In addition, the prevalence of raised blood glucose is 13% and that of high blood pressure is 31%. CDs are responsible for 45% of deaths in the country. The Ministry of Health has been implementing programs and interventions to slow the growth of CDs. These programs focus on tackling risk factors and developing both the National Dietary Guidelines and the nutrition interventions implemented in primary care facilities and in the community. This study is justifiable as it will help gain an in-depth understanding of the current patterns of healthy lifestyle among the Bahamian population to inform national efforts to address the growing problem of CDs. The objective of this study was to analyse and identify the determinants associated with healthy lifestyle in The Bahamas. The study was a secondary analysis of the 2013 Household Expenditure Survey (BHES-2013). The survey covered 2,123 households that were randomly selected throughout the country. The healthy lifestyle module registered data about eating habits and leisure time activities, such as exercising or watching television. The dependent variable selected for this study was the healthy lifestyle index (HLI), composed of four domains: healthy nutrition, healthy screen time, regular physical activity, and non-secondhand smoke. We find that a significant proportion of Bahamian children and adults require additional actions to facilitate improvement of their healthy lifestyle. Less than 8% eat fruits and vegetables three times per day, only one-third watch TV or play computer video games less than two hours per day, and only 30% practice regular physical activity. Teenagers tend to be sedentary. Lower-income level groups were less sedentary and had less screen time than upper-income level groups. Also, a child living in an extended family (two or more siblings) had a greater probability of living a healthy lifestyle. Similarly, being an adult (age 20 to 64 years) and being married or having a partner were associated with a greater likelihood of leading a healthy way of life.
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Eldar, Avigdor, e Donald L. Evans. Streptococcus iniae Infections in Trout and Tilapia: Host-Pathogen Interactions, the Immune Response Toward the Pathogen and Vaccine Formulation. United States Department of Agriculture, dezembro de 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7575286.bard.
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In Israel and in the U.S., Streptococcus iniae is responsible for considerable losses in various fish species. Poor understanding of its virulence factors and limited know-how-to of vaccine formulation and administration are the main reasons for the limited efficacy of vaccines. Our strategy was that in order to Improve control measures, both aspects should be equally addressed. Our proposal included the following objectives: (i) construction of host-pathogen interaction models; (ii) characterization of virulence factors and immunodominant antigens, with assessment of their relative importance in terms of protection and (iii) genetic identification of virulence factors and genes, with evaluation of the protective effect of recombinant proteins. We have shown that two different serotypes are involved. Their capsular polysaccharides (CPS) were characterized, and proved to play an important role in immune evasion and in other consequences of the infection. This is an innovative finding in fish bacteriology and resembles what, in other fields, has become apparent in the recent years: S. iniae alters surface antigens. By so doing, the pathogen escapes immune destruction. Immunological assays (agar-gel immunodiffusion and antibody titers) confirmed that only limited cross recognition between the two types occurs and that capsular polysaccharides are immunodominant. Vaccination with purified CPS (as an acellular vaccine) results in protection. In vitro and ex-vivo models have allowed us to unravel additional insights of the host-pathogen interactions. S. iniae 173 (type II) produced DNA fragmentation of TMB-8 cells characteristic of cellular necrosis; the same isolate also prevented the development of apoptosis in NCC. This was determined by finding reduced expression of phosphotidylserine (PS) on the outer membrane leaflet of NCC. NCC treated with this isolate had very high levels of cellular necrosis compared to all other isolates. This cellular pathology was confirmed by observing reduced DNA laddering in these same treated cells. Transmission EM also showed characteristic necrotic cellular changes in treated cells. To determine if the (in vitro) PCD/apoptosis protective effects of #173 correlated with any in vivo activity, tilapia were injected IV with #173 and #164 (an Israeli type I strain). Following injection, purified NCC were tested (in vitro) for cytotoxicity against HL-60 target cells. Four significant observations were made : (i) fish injected with #173 had 100-400% increased cytotoxicity compared to #164 (ii) in vivo activation occurred within 5 minutes of injection; (iii) activation occurred only within the peripheral blood compartment; and (iv) the isolate that protected NCC from apoptosis in vitro caused in vivo activation of cytotoxicity. The levels of in vivo cytotoxicity responses are associated with certain pathogens (pathogen associated molecular patterns/PAMP) and with the tissue of origin of NCC. NCC from different tissue (i.e. PBL, anterior kidney, spleen) exist in different states of differentiation. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis revealed the "adaptation" of the bacterium to the vaccinated environment, suggesting a "Darwinian-like" evolution of any bacterium. Due to the selective pressure which has occurred in the vaccinated environment, type II strains, able to evade the protective response elicited by the vaccine, have evolved from type I strains. The increased virulence through the appropriation of a novel antigenic composition conforms with pathogenic mechanisms described for other streptococci. Vaccine efficacy was improved: water-in-oil formulations were found effective in inducing protection that lasted for a period of (at least) 6 months. Protection was evaluated by functional tests - the protective effect, and immunological parameters - elicitation of T- and B-cells proliferation. Vaccinated fish were found to be resistant to the disease for (at least) six months; protection was accompanied by activation of the cellular and the humoral branches.
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Zhao, Fangfang, Chunli Lu, Luying Chen, Yaxin Guo, Lijie Lu, Yuerong Jiang, Jianping Liu e Keji Chen. Red yeast rice preparations for dyslipidemia: A protocol for an overview of systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, março de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.3.0032.
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Review question / Objective: What is the quality of systematic reviews/meta-analysis of red yeast rice (RYR) preparations for dyslipidemia? What is the comparative benefit of red yeast rice preparations on dyslipidemia compared to other lipid-lowering drugs? Based on the current controversies in dyslipidemia guidelines and clinical practice, to explore the relative benefits of red yeast rice compared with other lipid-lowering drugs, we plan to perform an overview of existing SRs/MAs. Condition being studied: Red yeast rice (RYR) has been used as an alternative to statin therapy in treating patients with dyslipidemia, particularly in those considered to be statin intolerant due to statin-associated myalgia (SAM), and clinical studies suggest that RYR is well-tolerated, safe, and effective for cardiovascular disease (CVD) primary prevention. Several studies support the beneficial effect of RYR on blood lipid profiles. Dyslipidemia is a worldwide public health challenge because of its high prevalence, leading to significant economic and social burdens. Many systematic reviews (SRs) /meta-analysis (MAs) have been performed to prove the effects of RYR on dyslipidemia during the past several years. High-quality SRs/MAs can provide clinicians, patients, and other decision-makers with a reliable scientific basis. However, existing SRs/MAs showed varied and heterogeneous results.
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Shpigel, Nahum, Raul Barletta, Ilan Rosenshine e Marcelo Chaffer. Identification and characterization of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis virulence genes expressed in vivo by negative selection. United States Department of Agriculture, janeiro de 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7696510.bard.
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Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the etiological agent of a severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in ruminants, known as Johne’s disease or paratuberculosis. Johne’s disease is considered to be one of the most serious diseases affecting dairy cattle both in Israel and worldwide. Heavy economic losses are incurred by dairy farmers due to the severe effect of subclinical infection on milk production, fertility, lower disease resistance and early culling. Its influence in the United States alone is staggering, causing an estimated loss of $1.5 billion to the agriculture industry every year. Isolation of MAP from intestinal tissue and blood of Crohn's patients has lead to concern that it plays a potential pathogenic role in promoting human IDB including Crohn’s disease. There is great concern following the identification of the organism in animal products and shedding of the organism to the environment by subclinically infected animals. Little is known about the molecular basis for MAP virulence. The goal of the original proposed research was to identify MAP genes that are required for the critical stage of initial infection and colonization of ruminants’ intestine by MAP. We proposed to develop and use signature tag mutagenesis (STM) screen to find MAP genes that are specifically required for survival in ruminants upon experimental infection. This research projected was approved as one-year feasibility study to prove the ability of the research team to establish the animal model for mutant screening and alternative in-vitro cell systems. In Israel, neonatal goat kids were repeatedly inoculated with either one of the following organisms; MAP K-10 strain and three transposon mutants of K-10 which were produced and screened by the US PI. Six months after the commencement of inoculation we have necropsied the goats and taken multiple tissue samples from the jejunum, ileum and mesenteric lymph nodes. Both PCR and histopathology analysis indicated on efficient MAP colonization of all the inoculated animals. We have established several systems in the Israeli PI’s laboratory; these include using IS900 PCR for the identification of MAP and using HSP65-based PCR for the differentiation between MAV and MAP. We used Southern blot analysis for the differentiation among transposon mutants of K-10. In addition the Israeli PI has set up a panel of in-vitro screening systems for MAP mutants. These include assays to test adhesion, phagocytosis and survival of MAP to/within macrophages, assays that determine the rate of MAPinduced apoptosis of macrophages and MAP-induced NO production by macrophages, and assays testing the interference with T cell ã Interferon production and T cell proliferation by MAP infected macrophages (macrophage studies were done in BoMac and RAW cell lines, mouse peritoneal macrophages and bovine peripheral blood monocytes derived macrophages, respectively). All partners involved in this project feel that we are currently on track with this novel, highly challenging and ambitious research project. We have managed to establish the above described research systems that will clearly enable us to achieve the original proposed scientific objectives. We have proven ourselves as excellent collaborative groups with very high levels of complementary expertise. The Israeli groups were very fortunate to work with the US group and in a very short time period to master numerous techniques in the field of Mycobacterium research. The Israeli group has proven its ability to run this complicated animal model. This research, if continued, may elucidate new and basic aspects related to the pathogenesis MAP. In addition the work may identify new targets for vaccine and drug development. Considering the possibility that MAP might be a cause of human Crohn’s disease, better understanding of virulence mechanisms of this organism might also be of public health interest as well.
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Anderson, Donald M., Lorraine C. Backer, Keith Bouma-Gregson, Holly A. Bowers, V. Monica Bricelj, Lesley D’Anglada, Jonathan Deeds et al. Harmful Algal Research & Response: A National Environmental Science Strategy (HARRNESS), 2024-2034. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, julho de 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/69773.
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Harmful and toxic algal blooms (HABs) are a well-established and severe threat to human health, economies, and marine and freshwater ecosystems on all coasts of the United States and its inland waters. HABs can comprise microalgae, cyanobacteria, and macroalgae (seaweeds). Their impacts, intensity, and geographic range have increased over past decades due to both human-induced and natural changes. In this report, HABs refers to both marine algal and freshwater cyanobacterial events. This Harmful Algal Research and Response: A National Environmental Science Strategy (HARRNESS) 2024-2034 plan builds on major accomplishments from past efforts, provides a state of the science update since the previous decadal HARRNESS plan (2005-2015), identifies key information gaps, and presents forward-thinking solutions. Major achievements on many fronts since the last HARRNESS are detailed in this report. They include improved understanding of bloom dynamics of large-scale regional HABs such as those of Pseudo-nitzschia on the west coast, Alexandrium on the east coast, Karenia brevis on the west Florida shelf, and Microcystis in Lake Erie, and advances in HAB sensor technology, allowing deployment on fixed and mobile platforms for long-term, continuous, remote HAB cell and toxin observations. New HABs and impacts have emerged. Freshwater HABs now occur in many inland waterways and their public health impacts through drinking and recreational water contamination have been characterized and new monitoring efforts have been initiated. Freshwater HAB toxins are finding their way into marine environments and contaminating seafood with unknown consequences. Blooms of Dinophysis spp., which can cause diarrhetic shellfish poisoning, have appeared around the US coast, but the causes are not understood. Similarly, blooms of fish- and shellfish-killing HABs are occurring in many regions and are especially threatening to aquaculture. The science, management, and decision-making necessary to manage the threat of HABs continue to involve a multidisciplinary group of scientists, managers, and agencies at various levels. The initial HARRNESS framework and the resulting National HAB Committee (NHC) have proven effective means to coordinate the academic, management, and stakeholder communities interested in national HAB issues and provide these entities with a collective voice, in part through this updated HARRNESS report. Congress and the Executive Branch have supported most of the advances achieved under HARRNESS (2005-2015) and continue to make HABs a priority. Congress has reauthorized the Harmful Algal Bloom and Hypoxia Research and Control Act (HABHRCA) multiple times and continues to authorize the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to fund and conduct HAB research and response, has given new roles to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and required an Interagency Working Group on HABHRCA (IWG HABHRCA). These efforts have been instrumental in coordinating HAB responses by federal and state agencies. Initial appropriations for NOAA HAB research and response decreased after 2005, but have increased substantially in the last few years, leading to many advances in HAB management in marine coastal and Great Lakes regions. With no specific funding for HABs, the US EPA has provided funding to states through existing laws, such as the Clean Water Act, Safe Drinking Water Act, and to members of the Great Lakes Interagency Task Force through the Great Lakes Restoration Initiative, to assist states and tribes in addressing issues related to HAB toxins and hypoxia. The US EPA has also worked towards fulfilling its mandate by providing tools and resources to states, territories, and local governments to help manage HABs and cyanotoxins, to effectively communicate the risks of cyanotoxins and to assist public water systems and water managers to manage HABs. These tools and resources include documents to assist with adopting recommended recreational criteria and/or swimming advisories, recommendations for public water systems to choose to apply health advisories for cyanotoxins, risk communication templates, videos and toolkits, monitoring guidance, and drinking water treatment optimization documents. Beginning in 2018, Congress has directed the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) to develop a HAB research initiative to deliver scalable HAB prevention, detection, and management technologies intended to reduce the frequency and severity of HAB impacts to our Nation’s freshwater resources. Since the initial HARRNESS report, other federal agencies have become increasingly engaged in addressing HABs, a trend likely to continue given the evolution of regulations(e.g., US EPA drinking water health advisories and recreational water quality criteria for two cyanotoxins), and new understanding of risks associated with freshwater HABs. The NSF/NIEHS Oceans and Human Health Program has contributed substantially to our understanding of HABs. The US Geological Survey, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the National Aeronautics Space Administration also contribute to HAB-related activities. In the preparation of this report, input was sought early on from a wide range of stakeholders, including participants from academia, industry, and government. The aim of this interdisciplinary effort is to provide summary information that will guide future research and management of HABs and inform policy development at the agency and congressional levels. As a result of this information gathering effort, four major HAB focus/programmatic areas were identified: 1) Observing systems, modeling, and forecasting; 2) Detection and ecological impacts, including genetics and bloom ecology; 3) HAB management including prevention, control, and mitigation, and 4) Human dimensions, including public health, socio-economics, outreach, and education. Focus groups were tasked with addressing a) our current understanding based on advances since HARRNESS 2005-2015, b) identification of critical information gaps and opportunities, and c) proposed recommendations for the future. The vision statement for HARRNESS 2024-2034 has been updated, as follows: “Over the next decade, in the context of global climate change projections, HARRNESS will define the magnitude, scope, and diversity of the HAB problem in US marine, brackish and freshwaters; strengthen coordination among agencies, stakeholders, and partners; advance the development of effective research and management solutions; and build resilience to address the broad range of US HAB problems impacting vulnerable communities and ecosystems.” This will guide federal, state, local and tribal agencies and nations, researchers, industry, and other organizations over the next decade to collectively work to address HAB problems in the United States.
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Splitter, Gary, Zeev Trainin e Yacov Brenner. Lymphocyte Response to Genetically Engineered Bovine Leukemia Virus Proteins in Persistently Lymphocytic Cattle from Israel and the U.S. United States Department of Agriculture, julho de 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570556.bard.
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The goal of this proposal was to identify proteins of BLV recognized by lymphocyte subpopulations and determine the contribution of these proteins to viral pathogenesis. Our hypothesis was that BLV pathogenesis is governed by the T-cell response and that the immune system likely plays an important role in controlling the utcome of infection. Our studies presented in ths final report demonstrate that T cell competency declines with advancing stages of infection. Dramatic differences were observed in lymphocyte proliferation to recombinant proteins encoded by BLV gag (p12, p15, and p24) and env (gp30 and gp15) genes in different disease stages. Because retroviruses are known to mutate frequently, examinatin of infected cattle from both Israel and the United States will likely detect variability in the immune response. This combined research approach provides the first opportunity to selectively address the importance of T-cell proliferation to BLV proteins and cytokines produced during different stages of BLV infection. Lack of this information regarding BLV infection has hindered understanding lympocyte regulation of BLV pathogenesis. We have developed the essential reagents necessary to determine the prominence of different lymphocyte subpopulations and cytokines produced during the different disease stages within the natural host. We found that type 1 cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-g) increased in PBMCs from animals in early disease, and decreasd in PBMCs from animals in late disease stages of BLV infection, while IL-10, increased with disease progression. Recently, a dichotomy between IL-12 and IL-10 has emerged in regards to progression of a variety of diseases. IL-12 activates type 1 cytokine production and has an antagonistic effect on type 2 cytokines. Here, using quantitative competitive PCR, we show that peripheral blood mononuclear cells from bovine leukemia virus infected animals in the alymphocytotic disease stage express increased amount of IL-12 p40 mRNA. In contrast, IL-12 p40 mRNA expression by PL animals was significantly decreased compared to normal and alymphocytotic animals. To examine the functions of these cytokines on BLV expression, BLV tax and pol mRNA expression and p24 protein production were quantified by competitive PCR, and by immunoblotting, respectively. IL-10 inhibited BLV tax and pol mRNA expression by BLV-infected PBMCs. In addition, we determined that macrophages secret soluble factor(s) that activate BLV expression, and that secretion of the soluble factor(s) could be inhibited by IL-10. In contrast, IL-2 increased BLV tax and pol mRNA, and p24 protein production. These findings suggest that macrophages have a key role in regulating BLV expression, and IL-10 produced by BLV-infected animals in late disease stages may serve to control BLV expression, while IL-2 in the early stage of disease may activate BLV expression. PGE2 is an important immune regulator produced only by macrophages, and is known to facilitate HIV replication. We hypothesized that PGE2 may regulate BLV expression. Here, we show that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expression was decreased in PBMCs treated with IL-10, while IL-2 enhanced COX-2 mRNA expression. In contrast, addition of PGE2 stimulated BLV tax and pol mRNA expression. In addition, the specific COX-2 inhibitor, NS-398, inhibited BLV expression, while addition of PGE2 increased BLV tax expression regardless of NS-398. These findings suggest that macrophage derived cyclooxygenase -2 products, such as PGE2, may regulate virus expression and disease rogression in BLV infection, and that cytokines (IL-2 and IL-10) may regulate BLV expression through PGE2 production.
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MacFarlane, Andrew. 2021 medical student essay prize winner - A case of grief. Society for Academic Primary Care, julho de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37361/medstudessay.2021.1.1.
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As a student undertaking a Longitudinal Integrated Clerkship (LIC)1 based in a GP practice in a rural community in the North of Scotland, I have been lucky to be given responsibility and my own clinic lists. Every day I conduct consultations that change my practice: the challenge of clinically applying the theory I have studied, controlling a consultation and efficiently exploring a patient's problems, empathising with and empowering them to play a part in their own care2 – and most difficult I feel – dealing with the vast amount of uncertainty that medicine, and particularly primary care, presents to both clinician and patient. I initially consulted with a lady in her 60s who attended with her husband, complaining of severe lower back pain who was very difficult to assess due to her pain level. Her husband was understandably concerned about the degree of pain she was in. After assessment and discussion with one of the GPs, we agreed some pain relief and a physio assessment in the next few days would be a practical plan. The patient had one red flag, some leg weakness and numbness, which was her ‘normal’ on account of her multiple sclerosis. At the physio assessment a few days later, the physio felt things were worse and some urgent bloods were ordered, unfortunately finding raised cancer and inflammatory markers. A CT scan of the lung found widespread cancer, a later CT of the head after some developing some acute confusion found brain metastases, and a week and a half after presenting to me, the patient sadly died in hospital. While that was all impactful enough on me, it was the follow-up appointment with the husband who attended on the last triage slot of the evening two weeks later that I found completely altered my understanding of grief and the mourning of a loved one. The husband had asked to speak to a Andrew MacFarlane Year 3 ScotGEM Medical Student 2 doctor just to talk about what had happened to his wife. The GP decided that it would be better if he came into the practice - strictly he probably should have been consulted with over the phone due to coronavirus restrictions - but he was asked what he would prefer and he opted to come in. I sat in on the consultation, I had been helping with any examinations the triage doctor needed and I recognised that this was the husband of the lady I had seen a few weeks earlier. He came in and sat down, head lowered, hands fiddling with the zip on his jacket, trying to find what to say. The GP sat, turned so that they were opposite each other with no desk between them - I was seated off to the side, an onlooker, but acknowledged by the patient with a kind nod when he entered the room. The GP asked gently, “How are you doing?” and roughly 30 seconds passed (a long time in a conversation) before the patient spoke. “I just really miss her…” he whispered with great effort, “I don’t understand how this all happened.” Over the next 45 minutes, he spoke about his wife, how much pain she had been in, the rapid deterioration he witnessed, the cancer being found, and cruelly how she had passed away after he had gone home to get some rest after being by her bedside all day in the hospital. He talked about how they had met, how much he missed her, how empty the house felt without her, and asking himself and us how he was meant to move forward with his life. He had a lot of questions for us, and for himself. Had we missed anything – had he missed anything? The GP really just listened for almost the whole consultation, speaking to him gently, reassuring him that this wasn’t his or anyone’s fault. She stated that this was an awful time for him and that what he was feeling was entirely normal and something we will all universally go through. She emphasised that while it wasn’t helpful at the moment, that things would get better over time.3 He was really glad I was there – having shared a consultation with his wife and I – he thanked me emphatically even though I felt like I hadn’t really helped at all. After some tears, frequent moments of silence and a lot of questions, he left having gotten a lot off his chest. “You just have to listen to people, be there for them as they go through things, and answer their questions as best you can” urged my GP as we discussed the case when the patient left. Almost all family caregivers contact their GP with regards to grief and this consultation really made me realise how important an aspect of my practice it will be in the future.4 It has also made me reflect on the emphasis on undergraduate teaching around ‘breaking bad news’ to patients, but nothing taught about when patients are in the process of grieving further down the line.5 The skill Andrew MacFarlane Year 3 ScotGEM Medical Student 3 required to manage a grieving patient is not one limited to general practice. Patients may grieve the loss of function from acute trauma through to chronic illness in all specialties of medicine - in addition to ‘traditional’ grief from loss of family or friends.6 There wasn’t anything ‘medical’ in the consultation, but I came away from it with a real sense of purpose as to why this career is such a privilege. We look after patients so they can spend as much quality time as they are given with their loved ones, and their loved ones are the ones we care for after they are gone. We as doctors are the constant, and we have to meet patients with compassion at their most difficult times – because it is as much a part of the job as the knowledge and the science – and it is the part of us that patients will remember long after they leave our clinic room. Word Count: 993 words References 1. ScotGEM MBChB - Subjects - University of St Andrews [Internet]. [cited 2021 Mar 27]. Available from: https://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/subjects/medicine/scotgem-mbchb/ 2. Shared decision making in realistic medicine: what works - gov.scot [Internet]. [cited 2021 Mar 27]. Available from: https://www.gov.scot/publications/works-support-promote-shared-decisionmaking-synthesis-recent-evidence/pages/1/ 3. Ghesquiere AR, Patel SR, Kaplan DB, Bruce ML. Primary care providers’ bereavement care practices: Recommendations for research directions. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2014 Dec;29(12):1221–9. 4. Nielsen MK, Christensen K, Neergaard MA, Bidstrup PE, Guldin M-B. Grief symptoms and primary care use: a prospective study of family caregivers. BJGP Open [Internet]. 2020 Aug 1 [cited 2021 Mar 27];4(3). Available from: https://bjgpopen.org/content/4/3/bjgpopen20X101063 5. O’Connor M, Breen LJ. General Practitioners’ experiences of bereavement care and their educational support needs: a qualitative study. BMC Medical Education. 2014 Mar 27;14(1):59. 6. Sikstrom L, Saikaly R, Ferguson G, Mosher PJ, Bonato S, Soklaridis S. Being there: A scoping review of grief support training in medical education. PLOS ONE. 2019 Nov 27;14(11):e0224325.
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Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy in Adults: A Guide for Trainers. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv15.1000.
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Over the last five years, there has been a rapid change in treatment strategies for HIV infection. With the advent of newer antiretrovirals, treatment has moved from mono-therapy and bi-therapy to triple drug therapy or Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy. One of the foremost concerns of ARV programs is the ability of people living with HIV/AIDS to maintain near perfect adherence over the long term. To achieve the goal of antiretroviral therapy (ART), undetectable levels of the virus in the blood, patients are required to maintain more than 90–95% adherence. Adherence is defined as a patient’s ability to follow a treatment plan, take medications at prescribed times and frequencies, and follow restrictions regarding food and other medications. This Adherence Training Manual was developed by the Horizons Program of the Population Council for the Antiretroviral Therapy Program in Mombasa, Kenya. It was designed for health workers including physicians, clinical officers, and adherence nurse counselors in ARV programs. It consists of four modules to be conducted over four sessions, which can be conducted as part of a comprehensive ART training program.