Bibliografias temáticas / Biology of mangrove

Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Biology of mangrove"

Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 16 de julho de 2024

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Biology of mangrove"

Susanti, Farida Dwi. "Potential of mangrove ecosystem as learning sources of Biology through online learning". AMCA Journal of Science & Technology 1, n.º 1 (7 de fevereiro de 2021): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.51773/ajst.v1i1.28.

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As an archipelago, Indonesia has thousands of islands and stretched coastlines. It is, therefore, Indonesia has many mangroves as a characteristic of plants exists on the coast. There have been many studies and trials of mangrove utilization for economic and ecological purposes, yet it is limited use of mangroves for educational purposes. This study aims to promote the mangrove ecosystem for educational purposes, particularly as a source of biology learning, increase students ’interest in studying biology, and increase students’ interest in conserving mangroves. This study used a qualitative approach with three instruments, namely observation, interview and questionnaire. The result indicated that the mangrove ecosystem could be used as a source of learning biology and be able to increase students’ interest in studying biology and conserving mangroves.

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Kadarsah, Anang, Nurul Huda, Krisdianto Krisdianto, Hidayaturrahmah Hidayaturrahmah e Ika Oksi Susilawati. "Pembuatan Alat Bantu Ajar Biologi Ikan Timpakul dan Ekosistem Mangrove bagi Anak Sekolah Dasar di Desa Pagatan Besar Kabupaten Tanah Laut". BAKTIMAS : Jurnal Pengabdian pada Masyarakat 1, n.º 1 (1 de julho de 2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32672/btm.v1i1.1236.

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The activities of the knowledge and technology sciences for the community are intended to (1) describe the economic value of timpakul fish and mangrove ecosystem in Pagatan Besar Village. (2) to introduce aids and learning media with biological themes of mangrove fish and mangrove ecosystems for school age children at SDN Pegatan Besar, and (3) to train the development of cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects of school children in SDN Pegatan Besar through theme approach biological based fish timpakul and mangrove ecosystems. In this activity, exposure to biological fish biology and the prospect of utilization. Next is a presentation on the mangrove ecosystem and its prospect of utilization at Pagatan Besar Beach. The third activity is the training of biology teaching materials and mangrove ecosystems for school-age children at SDN Pegatan Besar. Fourth assessment of the product from the training of biology materials and mangrove ecosystem training for elementary school children at SDN Pegatan Besar. The closing of this activity is the demonstration of training materials for timpakul biological materials and mangrove ecosystems in Pagatan Besar Village. The results of the devotion show a positive values where the participants followed this activity enthusiastically. Similarly, questionnaire filling where most of them know about the ecosystem of mangrove and timpakul (97%). Only a small percentage of respondents (2.5%) answered that for the conservation of mangroves and timpakul we must maintain and preserve the mangrove and have to throw garbage into the bin. Most respond only to one choice, for example not throwing out random garbage (17.5%) and planting 5% trees. Keywords: teaching aids, timpakul fish, mangrove ecosystemsAbstrak Kegiatan pengabdian ilmu pengetahuna dan teknologi bagi masyarakat ini bertujuan (1) mendeskripsikan nilai ekonomi ikan timpakul dan ekosistem mangrove di Desa Pagatan Besar. (2) mengenalkan alat bantu dan media belajar dengan tema biologi ikan timpakul dan ekosistem mangrove bagi anak-anak usia sekolah di SDN Pegatan Besar, dan (3) melatih pengembangan aspek kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotor anak sekolah di SDN Pegatan Besar melalui pendekatan tema berbasis biologi ikan timpakul dan ekosistem mangrove. Dalam kegiatan ini dilakukan pemaparan mengenai biologi ikan timpakul dan prospek pemanfaatannya. Selanjutnya adalah pemaparan mengenai ekosistem mangrove dan prospek pemanfaatannya di Pantai Pagatan Besar. Kegiatan ketiga berupa pelatihan pembuatan bahan ajar biologi timpakul dan ekosistem mangrove bagi anak-anak usia sekolah di SDN Pegatan Besar. Keempat penilaian produk dari hasil pelatihan bahan ajar biologi timpakul dan ekosistem mangrove bagi anak-anak usia sekolah di SDN Pegatan Besar. Penutup kegiatan ini adalah pemajangan produk pelatihan bahan ajar biologi timpakul dan ekosistem mangrove di halaman SDN Pegatan Besar. Hasil pengabdian menunjukan nilai positif dimana peserta mengikuti kegiatan ini dengan antusias. Demikian pula dengan pengisian kuesioner dimana sebagian besar menyatakan tahu tentang ekosistem mangrove dan timpakul (97%). Hanya sebagian kecil responden yang menjawab (2,5%) dengan lengkap bahwa untuk pelestarian mangrove dan timpakul kita harus menjaga dan melestarikan mangrove dan harus membuang sampah ke tempat sampah. Sebagian besar menjawab hanya satu pilihan saja, misalnya tidak membuang sampah sembarangan (17,5%) dan menanam pohon sebanyak 5%. Kata kunci : alat bantu ajar, ikan timpakul, ekosistem mangrove

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Nuraeni, Eni, e Yayan Wahyu C. Kusum. "The role of community-based tourism for mangroves conservation in Banten, Indonesia". Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (Journal of Natural Resources and Environmental Management) 13, n.º 4 (5 de dezembro de 2023): 606–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.13.4.606-612.

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Mangroves provide multiple ecological functions such as connectors and balancers of land and sea ecosystems. The presence of mangroves in coastal areas is very important for reducing the impact of tsunamis and tidal flooding. The role of local communities in the form of community-based tourism models, in conserving mangrove forests has not been extensively studied. This study aims to fill the gap in evaluating local communities’ involvement, particularly under the tourism-based communities’ model, in conserving mangroves and, at the same time, gaining economic benefits. This study was conducted in the mangrove villages of “Patikang,” Citeureup Village, and Pandeglang Regency. This study applied mixed methods that combine both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Primary data were obtained directly from the local community through using questionnaires, interviews, and field observations. Secondary data collection was carried out through a literature review of mangrove conservation and community development in coastal areas. Our study found that local community-based tourism namely “Putri Gundul” played a very important role in increasing community awareness to conserve mangrove forests. The community has gained more knowledge on the biology of mangrove species and the ecology of mangroves for mangrove restoration. Furthermore, the involvement of local communities in mangrove conservation and restoration can increase the economy of communities by producing various products from mangroves.

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Andarias, S. Hafidhawati, La Aba, Fahmil Ikhsan Taharu, Jumiati Jumiati, Yanti Yanti, Asraf Tamsara Badaraf, Mila Hartati e Jamaludin Jamaludin. "SOSIALISASI DAN PENANAMAN MANGROVE DI SULAWESI TENGGARA". JMM (Jurnal Masyarakat Mandiri) 7, n.º 4 (2 de agosto de 2023): 3371. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/jmm.v7i4.15880.

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Abstrak: Mangrove atau hutan bakau sangat penting dalam hal ekologi dan keanekaragaman hayati dengan manfaat seperti perlindungan garis pantai, tempat pembibitan biota laut, serta menangkap dan menyimpan karbon. Hutan bakau dapat hilang akibat gangguan antropogenik dan variasi lingkungan. Upaya rehabilitasi hutan bakau dapat mengembalikan berbagai fungsinya terutama bagi wilayah pesisir. Di Desa One Waara, pemukiman warganya memanjang di sepanjang garis pantai dengan kondisi tanaman bakau yang kurang terawat bahkan terdapat lokasi yang hampir tidak ditemukan bakau di pesisir pantainya. Hal ini tentu sangat mengkawatirkan karena ketiaadaan fungsi hutan bakau bagi daerah tersebut. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah untuk menggugah kesadaran masyarakat tentang pentingnya peranan mangrove sehingga dapat berpartisipasi dalam penanaman, pemeliharaan, dan pengelolaannya. Kegiatan ini melibatkan 34 mahasiswa dan dosen program studi pendidikan biologi, 15 mahasiswa KKA UM. Buton serta 43 orang warga Desa One Waara sebagai mitra. Pelaksanaannya meliputi: sosialisasi, penanaman, pemeliharaan mangrove, dan evaluasi secara lisan dan tulisan melalui wawancara dan kuesioner. Evalusi menunjukkan peningkatan pemahaman masyarakat dari 74% menjadi 87,4%. Wujud kesadaran dan kepedulian masyarakat terlihat dari partisipasinya dalam kegiatan ini.Abstract: Mangroves are important for ecology and biodiversity, with benefits such as shoreline protection, marine life nursery, and carbon capture and storage. Mangrove forests can be lost due to anthropogenic disturbances and environmental variations. Mangrove forest rehabilitation efforts can restore its various functions, especially in coastal areas. In One Waara Village, settlements extend along the coastline with less well-maintained mangroves, and there are even locations where there are almost no mangroves on the coastline. This is certainly very concerning because of the absence of mangrove forest functions in the area. The purpose of this activity is to raise public awareness about the important role of mangroves so that they can participate in planting, maintaining, and managing them. This activity involved 34 students and lecturers of the biology education study programme, 15 Community Service Program of UM. Buton, and 43 villagers of One Waara village community as partners. The implementation includes socialisation, planting, mangrove maintenance, and verbal dan written evaluation through interviews and questionnaires. The evaluation showed an increase in community understanding from 74% to 87.4%. Community awareness and concern can be seen from their participation in this activity.

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Primavera, Jurgenne. "Climate Change Resilience with Focus on Coastal Ecosystems: Mangroves and Beach Forests". Transactions of the National Academy of Science and Technology 40, n.º 2018 (fevereiro de 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.57043/transnastphl.2018.1090.

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The coastal ecosystems of mangroves and beach forests are key to Climate Change adaptation and mitigation (CCAM) through their services of coastal protection, carbon sequestration, and provision of seedlings of pioneering (beach forest) species for lowland reforestation. The paper discusses science-based CCAM interventions that combine my formal training in marine biology and the need for coastal protection in the local communities where my environmental NGO operates. These initiatives include mangrove ecoparks, ecologically sound mangrove rehabilitation, coastal greenbelts of mangroves and beach forests, reversion of abandoned fishponds to mangroves, and beach forest nursery. It gives recommendations to government agencies and non-government organizations alike to protect mangroves as ecoparks, establish protective coastal greenbelts, and revert abandoned fishponds to mangroves.

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Syahrir, La, LM Yasir Haya, LD Kadidae, Yusnaini Yusnaini, Wa Iba, Saban Rahim, LD Abdul Fajar e Kangkuso Analuddin. "Analyses of the inputs and exports of carbon and nitrogen organics by mangroves’s litterfall in the coastal area of Tinanggea, South Konawe Regency". JSIPi (Jurnal Sains dan Inovasi Perikanan) (Journal of Fishery Science and Innovation) 6, n.º 1 (3 de janeiro de 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.33772/jsipi.v6i1.16176.

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This study aimed to elucidate the inputs and exports of carbon and nitrogen organics by mangrove of Tinanggea, Southeast Sulawesi. The contents of carbon and nitrogen organics in mangrove litters were determined from twice monthly of litterfall collection at the Biology Laboratory of FMIPA, UHO. The inputs and exports of carbon and nitrogen organics by mangroves were calculated based on the monthly litterfall production of mangroves in each stasiun. The input of carbon and nitrogen organics from mangrove litter ranges from 11,72 to 14,30 ton/ha/year for carbon, and ranges from 0,007 to 0,16 ton/ha/year for nitrogen, while they were higher at station T5 and the lower on the T2 station. The mangrove exports organic carbon ranging from 3,52 to 4,29 ton/ha/year, while its organic nitrogen export ranges from 0,07-0,16 ton/ha/year. This study results realized that the inputs and exports of carbon and nitrogen organics are very dynamic in the mangrove ecosystem that indicated their important role on maintaining the productivity of the coastal environment in the Tinanggea and its surrounding areas.

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Chen, Yu-Chi, Ta-Jen Chu, Ju-Der Wei e Chun-Han Shih. "Effects of mangrove removal on benthic organisms in the Siangshan Wetland in Hsinchu, Taiwan". PeerJ 6 (4 de outubro de 2018): e5670. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5670.

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Mangrove degradation is a well-documented trend, but the spread of mangroves within the Siangshan Wetland in Hsinchu, Taiwan, runs contrary to that trend. The spread of mangroves changes the structure and functions of habitats for benthic organisms, causes infilling of estuaries and flooding and creates breeding grounds for small black mosquitoes. A large-scale mangrove-removal project was undertaken by the Hsinchu City Government from October 2015 to March 2016. They also investigated the consequences of mangrove removal on benthic organisms and adjacent habitats from October 2015 to September 2016, and the density, species count, Shannon–Wiener index (H′), and Pielou’s evenness index (J′) of the mangrove and non-mangrove regions were compared. In this study, we used satellite telemetry images to monitor fluctuations in mangrove density from 2006 to 2016. The non-mangrove region exhibited more variations than the mangrove region. After mangrove removal, species returned to their original habitats and noteworthy biological values significantly increased in the mangrove regions. This study presents evidence to argue that mangrove removal benefits benthic organisms. The results indicate that mangrove removal can be an appropriate habitat rehabilitation strategy for benthic organisms. The ecological findings of this study can inform coastal managers or other officials who seek to steward mangrove biomass.

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Rahadian, Aswin, Cecep Kusmana, Yudi Setiawan e Lilik Budi Prasetyo. "Adaptive Mangrove Ecosystem Rehabilitation Plan based on Coastal Typology and Ecological Dynamics Approach". HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 29, n.º 4 (30 de março de 2022): 445–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4308/hjb.29.4.445-458.

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Mangrove rehabilitation has implications for important ecological, social and economic values for coastal communities. The mangroves ecosystem Karawang Regency is still under pressure due to the management and utilization that does not pay attention to the sustainability aspect. The rehabilitation plan to mangrove management must be adapted to the nature and characteristics of the habitat. This study aims to formulate technical considerations for the direction of a rehabilitation plan based on an ecological approach and the dynamics of the mangrove ecosystem. The methods used in this study were geospatial approach that integrated with field quanitative and qualitative data. The results show that the total of mangrove potential area in Karawang Regency was 19,139.53 ha, consisting of 421.95 ha (2.2%) of vegetated area and 18,717.58 ha (97.8%) of unvegetated area. We integrate mangrove typology, mangrove stand density, physical parameters, and land use as the basis for determining the direction of rehabilitation planning. In the estuarine deltaic mangrove typology, we aim at protecting with natural regeneration. In infringe areas, we recommend constructing natural coastal structures before planting. On the backward for intensive planting. Furthermore, mangroves with low density, medium density, and high density are recommended for planting, species enrichment, and protecting respectively, and on the pond with implementing the mixed mangrove-aquaculture system to bridge between rehabilitation effort and economic needs of coastal communities.

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Afifah, Kurniasih Nur, Ri Yoo e Suhirman Suhirman. "Fostering Environmental Stewardship through Mangrove Ecotourism: A Study on Gili Sulat's Educational Impact". International Journal of Ethnoscience and Technology in Education 1, n.º 1 (23 de fevereiro de 2024): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33394/ijete.v1i1.10882.

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This study investigates the educational impact of mangrove ecotourism in Gili Sulat, Lombok, Indonesia, against the backdrop of increasing recognition of mangrove ecosystems for their ecological significance and the role of ecotourism in promoting environmental stewardship. Given the urgent need for conservation amidst threats from climate change and deforestation, this research aims to assess how mangrove ecotourism can enhance environmental awareness and education among students, and foster a deeper understanding of sustainable practices. Utilizing a qualitative approach, the study engaged 22 fifth-semester Biology Education students from Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram, who participated in educational practicums within the Gili Sulat mangrove ecosystems. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and interviews, focusing on the students' perceptions, experiences, and the educational value derived from their interactions with the mangrove environment. The findings underscore the immersive nature of ecotourism as a powerful educational tool, offering insights into the complexities of marine biodiversity, conservation efforts, and the critical role of mangroves in coastal protection and climate change mitigation. Conclusively, the study affirms the potential of mangrove ecotourism in Gili Sulat as an effective platform for fostering environmental stewardship, suggesting the need for enhanced educational programming, community involvement, and sustainable management practices to maximize its benefits.

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Raju Aluri, Jacob Solomon. "Reproductive Ecology of Mangrove Flora: Conservation and Management". Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 15, n.º 2 (1 de dezembro de 2013): 133–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/trser-2013-0026.

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ABSTRACT Mangroves are dynamic and unique inter-tidal ecosystems, common in tropical and subtropical coastal environments. They are among the world’s most productive ecosystems and are important in protecting coasts from erosion by fierce tides, in promoting the diversity of marine organisms and fisheries by contributing a quantity of food and providing favourable habitats for animals. These economic uses of mangroves indicate that they play an important role in the lives and economies in the coastal regions of different countries. Mangrove forests are under immense threat worldwide due to their multiple economic uses and alterations of freshwater inflows by various upstream activities in catchment areas. Mangrove plants with unique adaptations play a crucial role in sustaining life in mangrove forests. Their reproductive biology is central to understanding the structural and functional components of mangrove forests. The success of sexual reproduction and subsequent population expansion in mangrove plants is linked to flowering timings, pollinators and tidal currents. Viviparous and cryptoviviparous plants are true mangroves while non-viviparous ones are mangrove associates. The dispersal propagule is seedling in viviparous and non-viviparous plants while it is seed in nonviviparous plants. In this study, viviparous and crypto-viviparous species were included for study. These species are self-compatible, self-pollinating and also cross-pollinating; such a breeding system is a requirement for the success of sexual reproduction and subsequent build up and expansion of population. They are entomophilous in the study region. The viviparous plants include Ceriops tagal, C. decandra, Rhizophora apiculata, R. mucronata, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and B. cylindrica. The non-viviparous plants include Avicennia alba, A. marina, A. officinalis, Aegiceras corniculatum and Aegialitis rotundifolia. Sexual reproduction and regeneration events are annual in these plants and are dependent on local insects, tidal currents and nutrient content in estuarine environment. In recent times, erratic and insufficient rainfall together with industrial pollutants released into rivers is causing negative effects on the growth, development and regeneration of mangrove flora. In effect, there is a gradual decrease in mangrove cover. Added to this is continuous exploitation of mangrove plants for fuel wood, creation of shelters for cattle and changes for industrial establishments and aquaculture development in estuarine regions. As a consequence, the existing mangrove cover is struggling to survive and also not in a position to support local needs and provide livelihood opportunities through fishery resources. Further, reduced mangrove cover is showing catastrophic effects on fishing communities who live along the shore line during the period of cyclonic surges and tsunami events.

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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Biology of mangrove"

Yando, Erik. "Dispersal, Establishment, and Influence of Black Mangrove ( Avicennia germinans) at the Salt Marsh-Mangrove Ecotone". Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10814132.

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Interactions between species are dynamic and are likely to shift with changes in species ranges due to climate change. With the expansion of new species into incumbent ecosystems a variety of abiotic and biotic factors shape the rate, pattern, and method of invasion. This dissertation utilizes one such boundary of transition, the salt marsh-mangrove ecotone, located in the northern Gulf of Mexico. This dynamic coastal wetland has recently seen the expansion of sub-tropical mangrove species into a previously salt marsh dominated system. This collection of works provides pointed case studies seeking to understand local and patch scale dispersal dynamics, expansion, recruitment, growth, and survival rates along an elevational gradient, and understanding interactions both above- and belowground between mature mangroves and the surround salt marsh. We find that dispersal is overwhelmingly dominated by propagule export, that black mangrove and smooth cordgrass differ in their ability to provide structural provisioning in the short term after restoration, and that mature mangroves have much greater belowground extent than aboveground. By better understanding species-specific interactions at the salt marsh-mangrove ecotone, a greater understanding of future expansion rates can be gained.

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Ge, Xuejun. "Reproductive biology and conservation genetics of mangroves in South China and Hong Kong /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B22718734.

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Cheek, Michael David. "Wading bird foraging ecology in a disturbed mangrove estuary in northwest Ecuador : commercial shrimp ponds vs. natural mangrove mudflats". FIU Digital Commons, 2006. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2125.

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I compared wading bird foraging ecology in commercial shrimp ponds and natural mangrove mudflats in the Muisne River Estuary in northwest Ecuador. I estimated foraging habitat suitability by observing the foraging efficiency, diet, and behavior of great (Ardea alba) and snowy (Egretta thula) egrets, censusing birds, and measuring prey availability (i.e. prey density, standing crop, water depth, and diversity). Great egrets had greater foraging efficiency in shrimp ponds, while snowy egret foraging efficiency was greater on mudflats. Over 85% of prey items in snowy egret boluses were from shrimp ponds. Mean density, standing crop, length, and mass of prey items was significantly greater in shrimp ponds, but availability was limited by water depth and diversity. Great and snowy egrets utilized shrimp ponds as their primary foraging grounds, while all other diurnal wading bird species foraged primarily on mudflats, where the diversity of wading birds and their prey was greatest.

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Hendy, Ian Wyndom. "Habitat creation for animals by teredinid bivalves in Indonesian mangrove ecosystems". Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2012. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/habitat-creation-for-animals-by-teredinid-bivalves-in-indonesian-mangrove-ecosystems(271d9f8c-8dc0-4dff-9226-f8ebf3072199).html.

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A better understanding of the fundamental role large woody debris (LWD) plays within mangrove ecosystems may provide further insights into important ecological processes, such as wood degradation and biodiversity maintenance within mangrove forests.Though the volume of fallen wood in mangrove forests can be huge, little is known of the breakdown pathways and biodiversity maintenance of LWD in mangrove ecosystems. The degree of mangrove fauna dependent upon LWD and the need for such substratum in mangrove ecosystems may provide further insights in to the important role of woody biomass in these otherwise globally shrinking habitats due to forest harvesting. The breakdown, recycling and flux of nutrients from LWD within mangrove forests is maintained by biodegrading organisms in areas from terrestrial to marine habitats. The tidal inundation sets limits on the wood degrading communities within the mangrove forests of Sulawesi. This study presents details of the environmental and biological association of biodegrading organisms within the forests in the Wakatobi Marine Park (WMP), Sulawesi. Wood boring animals belonging to the family Teredinidae are the dominant biodegraders of LWD in the mid- to low intertidal areas of the mangrove forests. Teredinid attack greatly reduces the volume of LWD in the mid- to low intertidal areas of the forests. Within the forests, emersion time was the greatest influence of the distribution of the biodegrading organisms spanning from the supra-tidal down to the low intertidal. The response of Rhizophora stylosa prop-roots to physical damage and the activity of teredinids upon damaged prop-roots were investigated. With severe levels of root damage, the level of teredinid activity increases, resulting in root death and detrital input. However, when the roots were exposed to a superficial and moderate level of damage, an over-compensation of tissue re-growth was observed. LWD in the intertidal zone is often tunnelled by teredinids. The tunnels are blind-ending cylinders that taper to a small opening at the wood surface. However, larger openings appear when wood is heavily tunnelled and the surface is broken open. Teredinid death then leaves niches for cryptofauna. The greater the number of teredinid tunnels within LWD, the more diversity was found. Animals of particular interest were the dartfish, Parioglossus interruptus and the intertidal spider, Desis martensi found in the vacant teredinid tunnels. Desid spiders were abundant within the LWD and dartfish collected from within teredinid-attacked LWD were smaller than dartfish populations not within LWD. Desids and dartfish residing within the wood may benefit from the significantly lower temperatures within teredinid-attacked detritus compared to external air temperatures. Desis martensi has a life-history strategy centred on strong parental care, with lots of energy invested in to its young. Vulnerable stages of dartfish exploit the vacant teredinid tunnels. If it were not for the tunnels created by the teredinids the unusual behaviour adopted by dartfish and spiders would not be possible. Thus, many animals in mangrove forests of the WMP rely on LWD as a predation refuge enhanced by the teredinid tunnels within the LWD. A variety of different species were found inside teredinid attacked LWD, and the cryptic behaviour of the fauna ranged from breeding to predator avoidance. These findings indicate that in forests where wood is harvested, reduced availability of LWD will result in reduced biodiversity.

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Van, Der Stocken Tom. "Biological and environmental drivers of mangrove propagule dispersal: a field and modeling approach". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209066.

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There are large gaps in the coverage of critical ecological processes related to the movement of individuals or genes (i.e. dispersal), which is critical for determining the spread and persistence of populations across space. In this dissertation we investigate understudied but important aspects of the dispersal process in mangroves, with as the main objective the reduction of parameter and model uncertainty. Models rarely incorporate realism and complexity at the level of emigration, transfer and immigration phases, hampering reliable predictions of dispersal patterns and long-term population dynamics under different climate change scenarios.

Mangrove ecosystems function at the edge of land and sea, often covering large intertidal areas along (sub)tropical coastal regions worldwide. Mangroves can live in these highly dynamic and demanding environmental conditions via a series of remarkable adaptations. They produce buoyant seeds and fruits (propagules) that disperse at the ocean surface (i.e. hydrochory - see cover image).

Despite their ecological and economical value, about 40 % of original mangroves have been lost worldwide during the last 50 years due to excessive exploitation and development. Deforestation, degradation and conversion to other land uses like intensive shrimp farming and agriculture have reduced and fragmented these ecosystems at an alarming rate. Climate change, probably most pronouncedly via changes in sea level, poses another important threat.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Mourabit, Sulayman. "Establishing the mangrove killifish, Kryptolebias marmoratus, as a model species for developmental biology". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/8461.

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The mangrove killifish, Kryptolebias marmoratus, has the potential of becoming a strong model organism for a range of biological disciplines thanks to its ability to self-fertilise, a process only known to occur in invertebrate animals until its discovery. Selfing, a natural occurrence in this species, has lead to the formation of clonal lineages composed of highly homozygous individuals. The aim of this thesis was to further establish K. marmoratus in the field of developmental biology by providing an information infrastructure to help advance research on this peculiar animal and further promote its place in the pantheon of model organisms. To do so, I first set out to standardise K. marmoratus embryology by providing defined developmental stages with clear visual representations of key embryonic structures. This staging series is an essential tool that will ensure repeatability and consistency within and across different laboratories. Secondly, I examined several techniques for embryonic manipulation and for imaging that can be used in an array of experimental designs. Using these techniques I demonstrated microinjection of embryos by monitoring the yolk syncytial layer and its nuclei, and time-lapse analyses of the yolk surface during embryonic development. Finally, I applied the knowledge gained from my first two studies and examined Bmp signalling in K. marmoratus embryos and its influence on body patterning. By inhibiting this pathway, I found a new phenotype characterised by an extremely short and split body axis. These data highlighted the importance of studying known signalling pathways in unknown organisms as species-specific differences may improve our understanding of fundamental developmental processes. This thesis demonstrates that with its easily obtainable and manipulated embryos, K. marmoratus can be used for embryological research in the same light as other model organisms such as zebrafish or medaka. The rising amount of information on mangrove killifish will help further take advantage of this unique and intriguing species, and supports the use of this hermaphroditic vertebrate as a strong comparative model in developmental biology.

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Ge, Xuejun, e 葛學軍. "Reproductive biology and conservation genetics of mangroves in South China and Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31241700.

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Lang'at, J. K. S. "Impacts of tree harvesting on the carbon balance and functioning in mangrove forests". Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2013. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/6049.

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Mangrove forests are considered one of the most efficient natural carbon sinks and their preservation is thus important in climate change mitigation. However, they are declining at higher rates than terrestrial forests, due to human activities; with Kenyan mangroves being no of exception. One of the main drivers of mangrove decline in Kenya is over-exploitation for wood products. The present study aimed to assess (a) the effects of tree removal on the fluxes of greenhouse gases, surface elevation and other ecosystem functions of mangrove forests and (b) mangrove root production. To explore these objectives two experiments were established in the mangrove forests at Gazi bay, Kenya: (i) tree harvest and (ii) mangrove productivity studies. For the tree harvest experiment, ten 12 m x 12 m plots were established in March 2009 in a Rhizophora mucronata (Lam.) forest. Five plots were randomly selected and all trees within them were girdled in November 2009 and then cut in May 2010. Gas fluxes of CO2 and CH4 were sampled using the chamber technique at monthly intervals from June 2009 to April 2011. Surface elevation dynamics were observed using surface elevation stations (SES). Other variables measured included, macrofaunal abundance and diversity and natural regeneration patterns. For the root productivity experiment, twenty eight 10 m x 10 m plots were established in four mangrove forest types; with each type comprising of Avicennia marina (Forsk) Vierh., Ceriops tagal (Perr) C. B. Robinson, R. mucronata and Sonneratia alba (Sm) forests. Ten of the plots were established in A. marina and R. mucronata forests in Makongeni; while 18 plots comprising all the four species were established at Gazi; six plots each for A. marina and R. mucronata and three plots each for C. tagal and S. alba forests. Root production was estimated using the root in-growth technique (two in-growth trenches per plot), while the aboveground productivity was estimated from measurements of girth increment. Girth increment was measured using dendrometers installed on selected trees, one per plot, in combination with periodic girth measurements of 10 trees per plot. Environmental variables such as height above datum, salinity, grain size and redox potential were measured at the beginning of each experiment and during treatment periods for the tree harvest experiment. Treatment significantly elevated carbon emissions from the mangrove sediments by 14.2 ± 10.3 tCO2 ha-1 (rate of 9.8 ± 7.1 tCO2 ha-1 yr-1) within two years. Similarly, treatment significantly induced subsidence of -51.3 ± 24.3 mm (at a rate of -32.1 ± 8.4 mm yr-1) compared to 11.1±10.1 mm (at a rate of 4.2 ± 1.4 mm yr-1) in control plots in over 2 years after treatment. Decomposition of labile roots in the treated plots was most likely the driver of high emissions of carbon in the treated plots. Soil compaction due to collapse of aeranchyma tissue in roots might have been responsible for subsidence in cut plots. Natural regeneration was drastically affected by cutting, with treated plots having sparse seedlings 450 days after treatment. Gap-preferring ocypodid crabs colonized and became more abundant than sesarmids (usually found in closed canopy forest) in treated plots. There was significant variation in mangrove forest productivity between Makongeni and Gazi sites, with the mangroves in the former having higher production than those of the latter. Rhizophora mucronata forest at Makongeni had a higher aboveground biomass (AGB) than all other forest types. On the other hand A. marina forest at Makongeni had the highest belowground biomass (BGB) production. Differences in microtopographical settings and soil factors might have influence the variation in forest productivity between the two sites and between the forest types. These results underscore the importance of putting in place management options that ensure maintenance of continuous canopy cover and fast regeneration in mangrove forests under wood extraction. In addition, mangrove areas at the seafront should be protected. These results also support other work showing that mangrove forests often allocate a higher proportion of carbon to belowground roots than other forests. A high investment in belowground carbon helps facilitate surface elevation and peat formation, which not only forms important carbon sinks but may also enable mangroves to keep pace with projected sea level rise. Therefore, mangrove management in Kenya and the Western Indian Ocean region should explore options that consider trade-offs between mangrove utilization and minimizing loss of ecosystem functioning such as coastal stabilization and protection. In addition initiatives such as the payment for ecosystem services (PES) schemes e.g. reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD+) and should be explored as some of the strategies to reverse the declining trend in mangrove forest cover.

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Peterson, Jennifer Mcclain. "Ecological interactions influencing Avicennia germinans propagule dispersal and seedling establishment at mangrove-saltmarsh boundaries". Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4562.

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Mangroves and saltmarshes are ecologically important coastal ecosystems; unfortunately, these low-lying coastal ecosystems are vulnerable to global climate change. As sea-levels rise, mangroves are expected to shift their distribution landward towards higher elevation sites that are occupied by other plants, including saltmarsh taxa. Therefore, mangrove recruits at the leading edge of expansion may interact with diverse assemblages of saltmarsh plants, and these interactions could influence the success of mangrove encroachment into higher tidal-elevation areas. The purpose of the research presented here was to investigate empirically the ecological interactions that may influence the recruitment of the black mangrove, Avicennia germinans, into saltmarsh habitats. Saltmarsh plants frequently occurred at the landward boundary of mangrove forests at two sites selected for field studies along the west coast of Florida: Cannon Island and Upper Tampa Bay Park. On Cannon Island, two different field tests investigated mangrove propagule entrapment and dispersal within saltmarsh vegetation. In the first experiment, the entrapment of mangrove propagules within saltmarsh plants, exhibiting different growth forms, was examined during seasonal high tide events. Natural polyculture plots retained a mean (±;SE) 59.3% (±;11.0) of emplaced propagules. Monocultures varied in their propagule retention capacities with plots of S. virginicus retaining on average 65.7% (±;11.5) of transplanted propagules compared to 7.2% (±;1.8) by B. maritima and 5.0% (±;1.9) by S. portulacastrum. Monocultures of the salt marsh grass, Sporobolus virginicus, and natural saltmarsh polycultures containing S. virginicus retained significantly more propagules than either of two succulent plants (i.e., Batis maritima and Sesuvium portulacastrum). Using digital images, saltmarsh plant structure was quantified; the number of entrapped mangrove propagules displayed a significant and positive correlation (r2 = 0.6253, p = 0.00001) with the amount of structure provided by saltmarsh plants. Therefore, the first field study identified structural and functional differences between saltmarsh plants. A second field study employed marked propagules in order to further examine the dispersal patterns of propagules at saltmarsh boundaries comprised of plants with different growth forms (i.e., grass vs. succulent) during seasonal high tides. Saltmarsh plant boundaries erected by taxa with distinct growth forms differentially influenced the proportion of propagules that dispersed seaward and the distance propagules moved seaward. In fact, nearly twice as many propagules dispersed seaward at boundaries erected by succulent plants compared to boundaries composed of grass. The results of this field study support my previous findings that propagule dispersal is comparatively lower in saltmarsh grass than in succulent saltmarsh plants. The findings from these two field studies suggest that the permeability of boundaries formed by saltmarsh plants may modulate landward dispersal of A. germinans propagules. The final field study was conducted at Upper Tampa Bay Park, where a second species of saltmarsh grass, Monanthochloe littoralis, co-occurred with the grass, S. virginicus, and succulent saltmarsh plants to form a mosaic landscape of saltmarsh plant patches. Patches were weeded to create 3 saltmarsh treatments: 1) M. littoralis monoculture; 2) S. virginicus monoculture; and 3) polycultures containing both grasses and at least one other saltmarsh taxa. Propagules of A. germinans were emplaced into saltmarsh patches and followed for 11 weeks. On the last sampling date, the greatest number of A. germinans (n = 51) had successfully established as seedlings within the M. littoralis monoculture plots. In contrast, only 20 (22% of the propagules initially emplaced) A. germinans seedlings established in S. virginicus monoculture plots. These findings suggest that among grass taxa, species identity influences mangrove establishment success, which builds upon our previous findings that demonstrated that saltmarsh growth form (i.e., grass vs. succulent) influenced mangrove propagule dispersal. Combined the findings from these field studies indicate that interactions among the early life history stages of black mangroves and neighboring plants influence mangrove recruitment. Specifically, these field studies provide empirical evidence that the species composition of saltmarsh plants influences mangrove propagule dispersal and seedling establishment. The work presented here has implications for understanding the suite of ecological interactions that may influence mangrove encroachment into saltmarsh habitats at higher tidal elevations as sea-levels rise.

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Sarker, Swapan Kumar. "Spatial and temporal patterns of mangrove abundance, diversity and functions in the Sundarbans". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8499/.

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Mangroves are a group of woody plants that occur in the dynamic tropical and subtropical intertidal zones. Mangrove forests offer numerous ecosystem services (e.g. nutrient cycling, coastal protection and fisheries production) and support costal livelihoods worldwide. Rapid environmental changes and historical anthropogenic pressures have turned mangrove forests into one of the most threatened and rapidly vanishing habitats on Earth. Yet, we have a restricted understanding of how these pressures have influenced mangrove abundance, composition and functions, mostly due to limited availability of mangrove field data. Such knowledge gaps have obstructed mangrove conservation programs across the tropics. This thesis focuses on the plants of Earth’s largest continuous mangrove forest — the Sundarbans — which is under serious threat from historical and future habitat degradation, human exploitation and sea level rise. Using species, environmental, and functional trait data that I collected from a network of 110 permanent sample plots (PSPs), this thesis aims to understand habitat preferences of threatened mangroves, to explore spatial and temporal dynamics and the key drivers of mangrove diversity and composition, and to develop an integrated approach for predicting functional trait responses of plants under current and potential future environmental scenarios. I found serious detrimental effects of increasing soil salinity and historical tree harvesting on the abundance of the climax species Heritiera fomes. All species showed clear habitat preferences along the downstream-upstream gradient. The magnitude of species abundance responses to nutrients, elevation, and stem density varied between species. Species-specific density maps suggest that the existing protected area network (PAN) does not cover the density hotspots of any of the threatened mangrove species. Using tree data collected from different salinity zones in the Sundarbans (hypo-, meso-, and hypersaline) at four historical time points: 1986, 1994, 1999 and 2014, I found that the hyposaline mangrove communities were the most diverse and heterogeneous in species composition in all historical time points while the hypersaline communities were the least diverse and most homogeneous. I detected a clear trend of declining compositional heterogeneity in all ecological zones since 1986, suggesting ecosystem-wide biotic homogenization. Over the 28 years, the hypersaline communities have experienced radical shifts in species composition due to population increase and range expansion of the disturbance specialist Ceriops decandra and local extinction or range contraction of many endemics including the globally endangered H. fomes. Applying habitat-based biodiversity modelling approach, I found historical tree harvesting, siltation, disease and soil alkalinity as the key stressors that negatively influenced the diversity and distinctness of the mangrove communities. In contrast, species diversity increased along the downstream – upstream, and riverbank — forest interior gradients, suggesting late successional upstream and forest interior communities were more diverse than the early successional downstream and riverbank communities. Like the species density hotspots, the existing PAN does not cover the remaining biodiversity hotspots. Using a novel integrated Bayesian modelling approach, I was able to generate trait-based predictions through simultaneously modelling trait-environment correlations (for multiple traits such as tree canopy height, specific leaf area, wood density and leaf succulence for multiple species, and multiple environmental drivers) and trait-trait trade-offs at organismal, community and ecosystem levels, thus proposing a resolution to the ‘fourth-corner problem’ in community ecology. Applying this approach to the Sundarbans, I found substantial intraspecific trade-offs among the functional traits in many tree species, detrimental effects of increasing salinity, siltation and soil alkalinity on growth related traits and parallel plastic enhancement of traits related to stress tolerance. My model predicts an ecosystem-wide drop in total biomass productivity under all anticipated stress scenarios while the worst stress scenario (a 50% rise in salinity and siltation) is predicted to push the ecosystem to lose 30% of its current total productivity by 2050. Finally, I present an overview of the key results across the work, the study’s limitations and proposals for future work.

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Livros sobre o assunto "Biology of mangrove"

National, Workshop on "Mangroves in India :. Biodiversity Protection and Environmental Services" (2008 Bangalore India). Mangroves of India: Their biology and uses. Kolkata: Zoological Survey of India, 2013.

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National Symposium on Biology, Utilization, and Conservation of Mangroves (1985 Shivaji University). The mangroves: Proceedings of National Symposium on Biology, Utilization, and Conservation of Mangroves, Nov. 18-20, 1985. Editado por Bhosale L. J. Kolhapur: Shivaji University, 1986.

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Saint-Paul, Ulrich. Mangrove Dynamics and Management in North Brazil. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2010.

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International Workshop on the Mangrove Ecosystem of Deep Bay and the Mai Po Marshes (1993 Hong Kong, China). The mangrove ecosystem of Deep Bay and the Mai Po marshes, Hong Kong: Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Mangrove Ecosystem of Deep Bay and the Mai Po Marshes, Hong Kong, 3-20 September 1993. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1999.

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M, Littler Mark, MacIntyre Ian G, Littler Diane Scullion e National Museum of Natural History (U.S.), eds. Biology and geology of tobacco range, Belize, Central America: A mangrove system containing unique fractured peat deposits. Washington, D.C: National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 1995.

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Colin, Patrick L. Tropical Pacific invertebrates: A field guide to the marine invertebrates occurring in tropical Pacific coral reefs, seagrass beds and mangroves. Beverly Hills, Calif: Coral Reef Press, 1995.

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Brian, Groombridge, World Conservation Monitoring Centre, British Museum (Natural History) e International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources., eds. Global biodiversity: Status of the earth's living resources : a report. London: Chapman & Hall, 1992.

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Hogarth, Peter J. The Biology of Mangroves (Biology of Habitats). Oxford University Press, USA, 2000.

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Hogarth, Peter J. The Biology of Mangroves (Biology of Habitats). Oxford University Press, USA, 2000.

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Metras, James N. Mangroves: Ecology, Biology and Taxonomy. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2011.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Biology of mangrove"

Branoff, Benjamin. "Urban Mangrove Biology and Ecology: Emergent Patterns and Management Implications". In Coastal Research Library, 521–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73016-5_23.

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Santhanam, P., N. Jeyaraj, J. Sivakumar, K. Jothiraj, S. Dinesh Kumar e S. Ananth. "Seasonal Composition and Diversity of Zooplankton from Muthupet Mangrove Wetland Ecosystem, Southeast Coast of India". In Basic and Applied Zooplankton Biology, 45–86. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7953-5_2.

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Luo, Zhu-Hua, Ka-Lai Pang, Yi-Rui Wu, Ji-Dong Gu, Raymond K. K. Chow e L. L. P. Vrijmoed. "Degradation of Phthalate Esters by Fusarium sp. DMT-5-3 and Trichosporon sp. DMI-5-1 Isolated from Mangrove Sediments". In Biology of Marine Fungi, 299–328. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23342-5_15.

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Calder, Dale R. "Abundance and distribution of hydroids in a mangrove ecosystem at Twin Cays, Belize, Central America". In Coelenterate Biology: Recent Research on Cnidaria and Ctenophora, 221–28. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3240-4_31.

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Mukherji, Shayantan, Shyamalina Haldar e Abhrajyoti Ghosh. "Investigation of the Structural and Functional Microbial Diversity in Indian Mangroves". In Soil Biology, 93–130. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18975-4_5.

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Sarma, Vemuri Venkateswara. "Diversity and Distribution of Marine Fungi on Rhizophora spp. in Mangroves". In Biology of Marine Fungi, 243–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23342-5_13.

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Pratolongo, Paula D. "Salt Marshes and Mangroves: Tidal Saline Wetlands Dominated by Vascular Plants". In Marine Biology A Functional Approach to the Oceans and their Organisms, 211–31. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429399244-11.

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Nor Zalipah, Mohamed, Shahrul Anuar Mohd Sah e Gareth Jones. "Flowering Biology of Mangroves (Genus Sonneratia) and the Role of Bats in Their Pollination in Peninsular Malaysia". In Handbook of Halophytes, 1–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17854-3_60-1.

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Nor Zalipah, Mohamed, Shahrul Anuar Mohd Sah e Gareth Jones. "Flowering Biology of Mangroves (Genus Sonneratia) and the Role of Bats in Their Pollination in Peninsular Malaysia". In Handbook of Halophytes, 1707–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57635-6_60.

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Kathiresan, K., e B. L. Bingham. "Biology of mangroves and mangrove Ecosystems". In Advances in Marine Biology, 81–251. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2881(01)40003-4.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Biology of mangrove"

Lye, Koh Hock, Teh Su Yean, Ahmad Izani Md Ismail, Donald L. DeAngelis, Kamel Ariffin Mohd Atan e Isthrinayagy S. Krishnarajah. "Modeling Biological Invasion: The Case Of Dengue And Mangrove". In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICAL BIOLOGY 2007: ICMB07. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2883832.

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Sari, I. P., e M. P. Patria. "Economic Valuation of Mangrove Forest in Muara Village, Indonesia". In International Conference on Biology, Sciences and Education (ICoBioSE 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/absr.k.200807.044.

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Basyuni, Mohammad, Dini Permata Sari, Didi Nurhadi Illian, Jayusman, Poppy Anjelisa Zaitun Hasibuan, Arif Nuryawan e Sumardi. "Phytochemical, physicochemical, and microscopic analysis of five true mangrove leaves". In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOLOGY AND APPLIED SCIENCE (ICOBAS). AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5115610.

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"Selective Isolation of Actinomycetes from Mangrove Forest of Pahang, Malaysia". In International Conference on Agriculture, Biology and Environmental Sciences. International Academy Of Arts, Science & Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.17758/iaast.a1214007.

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Alami, Nur Hidayatul, Liziyatin Nasihah, Rurin Luswidya Artaty Umar, Nengah Dwianita Kuswytasari, Enny Zulaika e Maya Shovitri. "Lipase production in lipolytic yeast from Wonorejo mangrove area". In PROCEEDING OF INTERNATIONAL BIOLOGY CONFERENCE 2016: Biodiversity and Biotechnology for Human Welfare. Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4985392.

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Hadi, Samsul, Sri Budiastuti e Rhina Uchyani Fajarningsih. "Biomass and carbon storage of Jor Bay mangrove forest in East Lombok". In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOLOGY AND APPLIED SCIENCE (ICOBAS). AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5115661.

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Sihombing, Vivin Silvaliandra, Hendra Gunawan e Reny Sawitri. "Heavy metal residues in water and fishes at Karangsong Mangrove Conservation Area, Indramayu". In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOLOGY AND APPLIED SCIENCE (ICOBAS). AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5115642.

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Aminuddin, Muhammad, Sunarto e Djoko Purnomo. "Mangrove forest community structure in Ekas Buana Village, East Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara". In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOLOGY AND APPLIED SCIENCE (ICOBAS). AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5115657.

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Ramanathan, T., e Hridayanadhi Hajong. "Studies on Analgesic activity of a Mangrove Species – Rhizophora mucronata Poir." In Annual International Conference on BioInformatics and Computational Biology & Annual International Conference on Advances in Biotechnology. Global Science and Technology Forum, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/978-981-08-8119-1_biotechn01.

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Munfarida, Ida, Shinfi Wazna Auvaria e Dedy Suprayogi. "Evaluation of mangrove ecosystem of protected area in Garut, West Java and its strategy for environmental protection". In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOLOGY AND APPLIED SCIENCE (ICOBAS). AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5115660.

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