Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Biographies memoirs general"

The aim : to consider the application of prosopographic approaches in the study of biographies of authors of peasant memoirs in order to identify common features that laid the conditions for the emergence of memoir practices among the peasants of the Southern Ukraine in the 20th century; to analyze the potential of prosopography for researching general processes. The article considers the application of the prosopographic method to the study of biographies of authors of peasant memoirs in order to identify common features that created conditions for the emergence of memoir practices among the peasants of southern Ukraine in the twentieth century. Modern historical science suggests that individuals having their own little life stories are present behind all processes and events. New directions and principles of historical research are becoming increasingly important. The prosopographic method is one of them. Under prosopography we understand the scientific method of studying individual biographies of authors of historical sources in order to create a “collective biography” of a certain social group on their basis. Methods: analytical, historical, comparative, system-structural. The article author uses methods of specific scientific activity, empirical research and general logic. Practical meaning: recommended for use by scholars for historical research; provides opportunities for the use of this issue in theoretical and methodological and source studies. Originality: research, in particular on the choice of research source base and methodology of its analysis. Scientific novelty: creation of a collective portrait of a peasant author of a memoir source. Conclusions: on the basis of the analysis with the involvement of prosopographic research methods we have the opportunity to create a conditional collective portrait of a peasant of the Southern Ukraine of the twentieth century, the author of the memoir. When creating a “biography” of a peasant author, the following features are distinguished: common social origin, primary education, teaching and educational skills, psychological characteristics, propensity for creative activity, external influences. The materials collected by the researchers from the Zaporizhzhia branch of the NASU Institute of Ukrainian Archaeography and Source Studies named after M. S. Hrushevsky and the History Faculty of the Zaporizhzhia National University and published as a part of collections titled “Sources on the History of the Southern Ukraine”, “Antiquities of the Southern Ukraine” and “Ascension Antiquities”, are used as sources in the analysis. The purpose of the current investigation is to identify the causes and conditions that prompted particular peasants of the Southern Ukraine to create their own historical narrative – memoirs. Another goal is to create a “collective portrait” of an average author using prosopographic methods. The article investigates through the analysis of biographies the background of peasant authors, which singled them out from the general mass of peasants. It also highlights an “average author” as a “historical figure” and analyzes his attribution to a particular era, place, social group and culture. The use of prosopographic methods in the study of biographies of Southern Ukrainian peasants, who distinguished themselves by creating their own memoirs, allows to determine those aspects of the era and the position of the little man who chose to create their own historical excursions contrary to general trends and understanding the risks of totalitarian system. The creation of prosopographical (collective biographies) portraits of peasant authors is a very important component of the reproduction of general processes that created the conditions for the emergence of peasant narrative sources. The author tries to highlight the modern era in all its aspects through the prism of individual biographies and works of peasant authors. Type of article: scientific and theoretical.

The article is devoted to researching the work of N. Romanovych-Tkachenko, a representative of the generation of female writers of Soviet Ukraine in the 1920s, from the perspective of gender discourse. Women's literature of Soviet Ukraine in the 1920s-1930s is an understudied and not updated phenomenon of the Ukrainian literary process of that time. Most of the texts of women writers were unnoticed by literary critics, and the problems that were raised in their texts turned out to be "uninteresting" for the then, generally male, literary critics. Instead, we note the emergence of a new generation of women writers in Ukrainian literature, formed not only by the national tradition, but also by the first wave of European feminism. They radicalize the women's issue and put forward other, unlike their predecessors, aesthetic demands on artistic texts. At the same time, it was women writers who continued the traditions of modern Ukrainian literature, in particular bright individual writing. Most of them told the reader about their biographies for the first time in the form of memories, diaries, memoirs. The peculiarity of these biographies is that they reveal a striking discrepancy between the expectations of women from the gender policy of the Bolsheviks and the revolutionary, post-revolutionary reality. We can see two biographies of the writer by comparing the artistic texts and autobiographical memories of N. Romanovych-Tkachenko. One of them is imaginary, constructed by the author on the basis of her own life project, and the second is real, as the writer lived. These two biographies in different genre forms are presented in the writer's work. Imaginary biography is described in the experience of the characters of fictional texts, while real biography is represented by the memoir genre, in particular, the diaries and memoirs of the author. The difference between these two life scenarios shaped the feminist outlook of N. Romnovich-Tkachenko and many other modern women writers.

Welcome to volume 62 of Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society , the 2016 edition. It is a particular honour to take over as Editor-in-Chief of Biographical Memoirs since I have long valued the excellent biographies written by our colleagues to celebrate the lives of Fellows of the Society. I have had the experience of writing three memoirs and so fully appreciate the effort needed to create a lasting memorial to those commemorated.

In recent years there have been an increasing number of biographies and autobiographies written by the leading figures of the British punk scene of the Seventies and Eighties. As we pass the 40th anniversary of 1977, it can be argued that the British punk scene has also ‘come of age’ in academia with a number of retrospectives that examine not only the contemporary impact of punk in the Seventies but also the legacy of the punk movement in shaping British culture. With a focus on John Lydon’s text Rotten: No Irish, No Blacks, No Dogs (1993) and Viv Albertine’s Clothes, Clothes, Clothes. Music, Music, Music. Boys, Boys, Boys (2014), this article will examine how these autobiographies draw attention to ways in which the British sub-cultural scene offered a platform through which British culture and identity could be reassessed as anti-American and anti-capitalist. This study will also highlight to what extent the self-reflexive framing of these personal narratives within the larger political, cultural and social landscape, can be read as a characteristic feature of the British punk memoir. Through these texts it is possible to uncover the pivotal role of the British punk scene in the development of a counter cultural identity that mirrored changes in the contemporary national identity. As such, punk memoirs, biographies and autobiographies not only give perspectives on a subversive youth cultural scene but, perhaps more importantly, can offer unique insights into the evolution of post-imperial British identity.

There are a number of memoirs/autobiographies and biographies by African writers on their childhoods in Africa. However, many of these texts tend to focus mostly on the child protagonist�s experiences of colonialism, slavery, war, death and deprivation. This article moves away from these narratives of deprivation and trauma, focusing on other versions of African childhoods where the child lives a carefree life devoid of danger and scarcity of resources. Using Camara Laye�s The Dark Child and Wole Soyinka�s Ak�: The Years of Childhood and doing a textual analysis of the content, themes and characters, this article argues that these texts can be read as recollections of nostalgia and memories of a carefree time in the life of two African children, a time that the narrators reminisce upon through the act of retelling in order to revisit the joys and innocence of those days.

The article is dedicated to the problem of keeping family records by several generations of the peasant family. In the course of the study, diaries and biographies of Borisov-Vityazev, a good kin representing the local lore tradition of Solvychegodsk locality of Vologda Province (nowadays, Krasnoborsk district of Arkhangelsk Region) have been examined. When studying the content of the materials, the general subject and genre features of the recordings were distinguished. The conducted research allowed to establish that within one peasant family, diaries with exclusively practical significance had eventually passed into the category of memoirs with reflexive and ethical principles – personal notes had replaced the pragmatic function of diaries.

This article aims to present the Ukrainian war refugees’ experience. Twenty-one interviews focused on autobiographical memoirs of Ukrainian war refugees were collected during the field research project in Poland and Germany in the summer and autumn of 2022. The text aimed to point out the peculiarities of Ukrainian refugeeism in the context of its specificity related to the evolution of the phenomenon of migration and forced migration over recent years in Central Europe. The content was analyzed for the fleeing and adaptive context of personal experience. It considers social ties, including family ties, which appeared in the interviewees’ statements. The studied material insights into the course of the war in Ukraine in 2022 from the perspective of civilians. It shows numerous and diverse examples of survival and adaptation activities under armed attacks, during the evacuation, border crossing, and anchoring in the places of their new residence. Due to the dominance of women in the sample, these examples can contribute to the analysis of the specificity of female migration, which differs from the previous profiles of economic migration in the region.

George Ballard’s Memoirs of Several Ladies of Great Britain (1752) is of special relevance to the study of early-modern women writers and their subsequent reception, since it contains details of the lives and writings of a considerable number of these women. This type of publication responded to the demand for educative works in general, and particularly to a growing female audience. Thus its chief goal was to provide readers with exemplary models of behaviour. Within the theoretical framework of women’s studies and literary biography, the biographies of these women writers are analysed in order to determine whether their lives and careers as writers were in keeping with the didactic purpose of such texts, and the extent to which the fact of being women shaped their biographical portraits.

The aim of the article is to analyze the memoirs of contemporaries and direct participants in the revolutionary events in 1917-1921. Attention is focused on the process of formation of the Ukrainian Armed Forces - the mainstay of the Ukrainian Central Council. The memoirs of active participants of the national Ukrainian movement - V. Vynnychenko, M. Hrushevsky, D. Doroshenko are taken as a basis. Memoirs of representatives of other camps of revolutionary competitions - the white movement of I. Mazepa, A. Denikin, the Bolshevik camp - E. Bosch, V. Atonov-Ovsienko were studied for a more objective coverage of the research topic. Memoirs are presented as book publications, thematic collections, author's biographies, magazine and newspaper publications. Materials of the State Archives of Donetsk region are also involved, which allow to present the peculiarities of the course of events in Donetsk region. The methodological basis of the study were general scientific methods of comparison and analysis. In preparation for publication, the leading methods were historical-comparative, synchronous and retrospective. The use of the mentioned scientific methods allowed to analyze the sources and draw conclusions about the scientific problem. The scientific novelty of the study is that the researcher attempted to analyze available memoirs on the formation of the Ukrainian armed forces - the mainstay of the Ukrainian Central Council. Conclusions. Memoirs show that, on the one hand, from the first days of the revolution, a spontaneous movement began among Ukrainian servicemen - the creation of Ukrainian committees, communities, clubs, tendencies to create Ukrainian military units, even the idea of ​​creating a united Ukrainian front. On the other hand, the leaders of the Ukrainian revolution did not have a more or less clear idea of ​​the attitude to the army, the prospect of creating their own armed forces. The Central Council could not determine its position on this issue for fear of spoiling relations with the Provisional Government. Disputes within the Ukrainian movement, in particular between M. Hrushevsky and M. Mikhnovsky, and distrust of representatives of the military command, in particular P. Skoropadsky, also affected this solution. The latter in his memoirs describes in detail the vicissitudes of the creation of the Ukrainian corps in the Russian army. In general, according to the authors of the memoirs, the Ukrainian government has failed to organize a real military force in Ukraine that could resist the enemy. All contemporaries assess the armed forces of Ukraine as weak, disorganized, chaotic. Most saw this as the fault of the Central Council, which failed to coordinate its actions properly and began an open conflict with the Russian government. Memoirs of the Bolsheviks reflect the process of formation on the ground (mostly in cities and workers' settlements of eastern and southern Ukraine) units of the Red Guard from local workers.

The work is devoted to the characterization of two recent works on the economic history of the USSR, which use a fundamentally different approach to describing the Soviet reality. N. Mitrokhin's two-volume edition uses interviews, biographies of representatives of the Soviet elite, and memoirs. In general, his analysis is based on economic sociology and is based on the hypothesis of the rationality of the behavior of Soviet leaders interested in the growth and prosperity of their industries and the USSR as a whole. In the joint work of A. Galushka, A. Niyazmetov, M. Okulov, an implicit hypothesis is introduced about the incompetence and dominance of private, individual interests of Soviet leaders. Formally, they use institutional analysis, but the models identified in the book are identified with individual historical periods in the life of Russia and the USSR and are not comparable. Each of the works under consideration is of great interest, and together they characterize the trend towards continued fragmentation of modern economic history.

Abstract The greatest and worthiest Roman of his time, Paulus Emilius, being demanded why he would put away his wife for no visible reason, ‘This shoe ‘, said he, and held it out on his foot, ‘is a neat shoe, a new shoe, and yet none of you know where it wrings me. ‘ Much less by the unfamiliar cognizance of a feed gamester can such a private difference be examined-neither ought it. FOR the strictly biographical material of this chapter, as for that of the last, our greatest debt is to Edward Phillips, who was living with Milton at the time. His memory stretches back fifty years and more to give us details that no one else reports. Our faith in his reporting is encouraged by the facts that we have since found documentary proof of Milton ‘s Aldersgate Street and Barbican addresses, of Christopher ‘s royalism and residence in Reading, of the (recent) marriage and proximity of Lady Margaret Ley, of the Royalist activities of the Powells, and of the residence and family relationship of both William Blackborough and the widow Webber-all matters recalled by Phillips. The anonymous biographer supports his reporting of still other details (see note 59, below). I find myself, therefore, despite the sometimes ambiguous writing and clumsy chronology, inclined to credit those remaining facts which Phillips uniquely records and which we are unable to substantiate: not only the temporary lodging in St. Bride ‘s Churchyard, the elaborate course of study, the gaudy-days spent with young friends of Gray ‘s Inn, and the design to make Milton an adjutant-general in Waller ‘s army, but also certain important details of Milton ‘s marriage to Mary Powell, her unexpected desertion of him, and their eventual peaceful reconciliation. Wood, Toland, Richardson, and Birch contribute absolutely nothing to this chapter.