Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Biais d'échange"
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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Biais d'échange"
Riley, B., K. Wong e S. Manske. "Renforcement de la capacité de développement et d'échange des connaissances au Canada : leçons de Youth Excel". Maladies chroniques et blessures au Canada 34, n.º 2/3 (julho de 2014): 168–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.34.2/3.10f.
Texto completo da fonteTaïbi, Sabrina, Ayoub Zeroual e Naziha Melhani. "Evaluation de deux méthodes de correction de biais des sorties de modèles climatiques régionaux Cordex-Africa pour la prévision des pluies : cas du bassin côtier oranais". Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 384 (16 de novembro de 2021): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-384-213-2021.
Texto completo da fonteLarouche, Fernand. "L'immigrant dans une ville minière. Une étude de l'interaction". Articles 14, n.º 2 (12 de abril de 2005): 203–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/055615ar.
Texto completo da fonteTeses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Biais d'échange"
Guo, Zongxia. "Electrical and optical manipulation of exchange bias". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0204.
Texto completo da fonteThe rapid growth in scale and complexity of neural network architectures in today's machine learning and artificial intelligence applications is creating a significant demand for advanced hardware solutions. The semiconductor industry is actively seeking next-generation storage technologies that can offer improved speed, density, power consumption, and scalability. One such technology that shows great promise for high-performance data storage and processing is magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM), which stores information in the magnetic state of materials. However, with the continuous requirement of high-density and ultrafast scenarios, antiferromagnet as the basic unit of MRAM shows obvious advantages. Antiferromagnetic materials have negligible macroscopic magnetism, making them highly robust to external magnetic fields. This property also allows for the absence of dipole interactions between adjacent bits, enabling higher-density integration. Additionally, antiferromagnetic materials exhibit high-frequency dynamics up to the terahertz range, theoretically enabling faster write speeds than ferromagnetic devices. However, such fully compensated magnetic moments make the magnetization state of the antiferromagnetic material difficult to manipulate and detect by traditional electrical methods. In this thesis, we demonstrate the antiferromagnetic exchange bias switching in three-terminal magnetic tunnel junctions and achieve electrical detection of antiferromagnetism by the tunnelling magnetoresistance with a ratio over 80%, which is two orders larger than previous methods. This is achieved by imprinting the state of antiferromagnet IrMn on the CoFeB free layer. We further realize current polarity-dependent switching, rather than current orientation-dependent switching of IrMn down to 0.8 ns. We identify two switching mechanisms, the heating mode and the spin-orbit torque driven mode, depending on the current pulse width. The latter case is supported by numerical simulations, which suggest that spin-orbit torque generated by Pt induces the precession of IrMn and exchange coupling at the IrMn/CoFeB interface determines the switching polarity of IrMn. Furthermore, to break the ferromagnetic and electrical write speed limit and further explore the antiferromagnetic switching speed, we experimentally realize exchange bias switching by a single femtosecond laser pulse. In the IrMn/CoGd structure, the perpendicular exchange bias is investigated for different IrMn thicknesses and CoGd concentrations. Using the optimized structure, the exchange bias was switched under a single femtosecond laser, and the dependence of the exchange bias variations with different laser fluence and pulse numbers was detailed investigated. The pump-probe time-resolved measurement is used to demonstrate the exchange bias switching time scale of less than 100 ps. The grain structure of polycrystalline IrMn films and the amorphous state of CoGd alloy layers are accurately described using atomistic simulations. The IrMn exhibits a faster demagnetization than ferromagnetic materials and each IrMn grain remagnetizing to a single-domain state in only 2 ps. In addition, the different grains of IrMn exhibit independent and stochastic probabilistic switching in the ultrafast time scale. The electrical and all-optical manipulation of exchange bias system allows ultrafast, field-free and energy-efficient control of antiferromagnet with high ordering temperature and thermal stability, making it highly suited to applications
Nehme, Zeinab. "Nanoparticules magnétiques d’architecture complexe core-shell : couplage d'échange bias et interaction dipolaire". Thesis, Le Mans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEMA1019.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis is dedicated to the numerical study by means of Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of core@shell Fe3O4@CoO magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) presenting exchange bias properties (EB). In particular, we focused our study on the effect of collective responses (inter-particle interactions as dipolar interactions (DI)) on the magnetic properties of these structures. Our numerical work is motivated by some preliminary experimental results showing the existence of a relationship between the hysteresis loop shift (exchange bias field) and the interaction between NPs. The first part of this thesis is a methodological study to figure out the optimal conditions to simulate hysteresis loops correctly by MC. The results reveal that the coercive field Hc is linearly related to the effective anisotropy constant for non-biased conditions (free algorithm, cone algorithm, mixed algorithm). The second part is dedicated to the study of exchange-biased nanostructures at the atomic scale. We have been able to reproduce both characteristics of EB (hysteresis loop shift, significant increase in Hc). A method allowing the evaluation of the effective anisotropy has been proposed. Considering an assembly of nanoparticles, several models are studied. The experimental results are interpreted according to the degree of aggregation of NPs. It was shown that the aggregation (exchange interactions between NPs) has a direct effect on the exchange bias field, but the role of the ID on the exchange field requires complimentary calculations to be clarified
Richy, Jérôme. "Etude des propriétés du couplage d'échange dans des nano-structures de type ferromagnétique/multiferroïque". Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0075/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis dissertation presents a study of the exchange coupling in ferromagnetic-multiferroic nanostructures, with specific interest in understanding the thermal and angular reversal of the magnetization.A theorical numerical model of the thermal magnetization reversal in core-shell nanoparticles is presented. The program source code, implemented during this thesis, is freely avaibale to the scientific community under an open-source license. This model, developed during this thesis, allows diameter size dispersion, and demonstrates the key role of the size distribution and temperature in the magnetic response of nanoparticles.The experimentally studied bilayer is composed of a ferromagnetic material, Ni81Fe19, and a room temperature magnetoelectric multiferroic, BiFeO3. Different thicknesses in BiFeO3 were deposited. The structure and morphology of the bilayers were studied using X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, revealing in particular the BiFeO3 polycristallinity. The magnetization reversal was probed by vectorial vibrating magnetometry, at room temperature and 77 K, using a self-developped immersive cryostat. The SQUID magnetometry allowed the measurement of two specific cooling protocols between 10 K and 380 K. The results of these two different protocols are similar to the ones obtained for measurements previously reported on expitaxial BiFeO3. An intrinsic property of BiFeO3 is proposed as being the driving mechanism for the thermal dependent magnetization reversal: the canting of the BiFeO3 spins leading to a biquadratic contribution to the exchange coupling. Finally, a new phenomenon in exchange coupled materials is shown at room temperature, which corresponds to an angular training of the anisotropy axes
Medeiros, Soares Marcio. "Croissance, structure et magnétisme dans les systèmes à décalage d'échange FM/AFM : approche fondamentale par la physique des surfaces". Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENY022/document.
Texto completo da fonteOur aim is to study the interaction of antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic materials with well-defined interface by combining structural, electronic and magnetic techniques using synchrotron light. Our interest is guided by the exchange bias effect in thin ferromagnetic films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The main systems studied in this work were ultra-thin layers of chemically-ordered alloys of FePt and MnPt on Pt(001) and of Fe/Ag(001), eventually coupled to CoO. Our strategy was to find an appropriate surface and, for each coupled bilayer, study the individual growth of each element, alloy or oxide. By controlling a variety of parameters, such as surface structure, cleanliness, deposition rate and temperature, we have got a good understanding of the growth process. The coupled systems obtained were studied in situ by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and ex situ by magneto-optic Kerr effect, X-ray magnetic circular dichroism and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The relation between the exchange coupling, which manifests itself by an increase in coercivity and a bias field, and the structural characteristics was discussed for the MnPt/FePt and CoO/Fe interfaces.Keywords: exchange bias, chemically ordered alloy, MnPt, FePt, Fe/Ag(001), surface X-ray diffraction, X-ray absorption, MOKE, synchrotron
Al, Daboochah Hashim Mohammed Jabbar. "Ferromagnet [and] phthalocyanines heterostructures for spintronics applications". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAE040.
Texto completo da fonteObservation of exchange bias (EB) phenomenon by using molecular materials as a pinninglayer open the horizon for tremendous perspective in the field of organic spintronics. Thefirst part of the thesis is devoted to the study of EB of Co/MPc and Py/MPc (M=Mn, Co, Fe,Zn) by static magnetometry. The existence of EB is evidenced in all Pc molecules with block-ing temperature around 100K. The second part is devoted to the study of EB by dynamicFMR measurements. The values of EB measured by this method are compatible with staticmagnetometry measurements. The third part is devoted to study magnetic properties of thetrilayer Co/Pc/Co systems. Hysteresis loops exhibit a stepped shape indicative of successivereversal of each layer. Low temperature loops show that both Co layers experience unidi-rectional anisotropy after field cooling, with differing bias fields
Kanso, Haydar. "Influence des phases magnétiques désordonnées sur les propriétés d'anisotropie d'échange des nanoplots F/AF : Etude par simulations Monte Carlo et comparaison à l'expérience". Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR071/document.
Texto completo da fonteOur goal is to improve the comprehension of the exchange bias (EB) in nanodots in comparison with the continuous films and to study the effects of the interfacial magnetic disorder on the EB properties. Firstly, we use a granular model which considers disordered interfacial phases by considering less stable magnetic grains at the interface in the antiferromagnetic (AF) layer. We further model the effect of the nanofabrication process by considering less stable magnetic grains at the edges, due to grain cutting. Our results evidence two different mechanisms of the ferromagnetic (F) layer reversal depending on the magnitude of the coupling between F grains. In the weak coupling regime relative to the anisotropy, the exchange field is independent of the coupling. By contrast, in the strong coupling regime, the exchange field depends on the coupling. Our model also well explain some experimental features observed in NiFe/IrMn and Co/IrMn nanodots (for various lateral sizes) and continuous films, at various measurement temperatures and various AF thicknesses. More precisely, the simulated values of the exchange field in the continuous films, at room temperature, are larger than in the nanodots for small values of the AF thicknesses. However, it is the opposite when this thickness increases. Secondly, we use an atomic model which considers the magnetic frustration inside the AF layer and the presence of structural defects such as grain boundaries and interdiffusion. We found that the combination effect of grain boundaries, frustration and surface can result in complex magnetic configurations in the AF layer at the interface (magnetic domains). Our results show that the non-collinearity of the AF moments at the interface decreases the effective coupling at the interface and decreases the effective anisotropy constant of the AF layer. Our findings indicate that combination effect of grain boundaries and frustration make the AF layer more stable at 0 Kelvin and less stable at non-zero temperature. Our results show that the interdiffusion decrease the simulated values of the exchange field and make the AF more stable which corresponds to a decrease of the effective coupling at the interface. It is important to note that the simulated values of the exchange field are realistic values, which highlights that the interdiffusion is probably one of the essential factors which can give simulated values close to the experimental values
Frangou, Lamprini. "Injection, transmission et détection de spin dans les matériaux antiferromagnétiques". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY079/document.
Texto completo da fonteAntiferromagnetic spintronics is an emerging research field in the area of information technology that exploits the unique combination of properties of antiferromagnets. It is their high excitation frequency, robustness against external fields, zero net magnetization and possibility of generating large magneto-transport effects that makes them so interesting. Spin transfer, spin-orbit coupling and spin caloritronics constitute the phenomena that have shaped much of the recent research and development towards pure antiferromagnetic spintronics. Here we investigate spin transfer torque and spin pumping in both metallic and insulating antiferromagnets by means of ferromagnetic resonance technique, in ferromagnetic spin injector – NiFe, CoFeB / (spin conductor – Cu) / antiferromagnetic spin sink – IrMn, NiFeOx, NiO trilayers. Temperature dependence measurements of the ferromagnetic relaxation revealed a novel spin pumping effect associated to the linear fluctuations at the magnetic phase transition of the antiferromagnet, regardless its electronic state and the nature of the spin transport. This opens new ways towards more efficient spin pumping, while providing at the same time a versatile method to probe the critical temperature of ultrathin films with zero net magnetization. Next, in an effort to probe linear as well as non-linear fluctuations in the antiferromagnet we conducted electrical measurements in spin Hall geometry. A novel non-monotonous temperature dependence of transverse dc voltage was sometimes observed, mostly associated to the properties of a specific ferromagnet: Permalloy, unrelated to spin rectification effects. These findings add to a growing body of literature on spin current absorption, highlighting the ability of ferromagnets to act as spin current detectors, in phenomena involving magnetization dynamics. Finally, we used exchange bias to investigate and subsequently engineer the magnetic and electric properties of various antiferromagnets intended for diverse spintronic applications including reading via tunneling anisotropic magnetoresistance
Sayed, Fatima. "Hollow Magnetic Nanoparticles : experimental and numerical studies". Thesis, Le Mans, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LEMA1021/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis concerns the study of structural and magnetic properties of hollow magnetic nanoparticles (HMNPs), shell and shell/shell. These HMNPs present enhanced surface effects resulting from the presence of both inner and outer surface layers. The experimental investigation combining magne-tic measurements and 57Fe Mössbauer spectrometry of such HMNPs has revealed a complex spin magnetic structure. Small HMNPs with ultrathin thickness show highly disordered magnetic structure and the corresponding in-field hyperfine structure can be described by means of 2 speromagnetic antiferromagnetically coupled, in addition to the significant exchange bias phenomenon. The in-field Mössbauer study of the effect of size and thickness of HMNPs shows that the spin disorder is strongly correlated to the surface to volume ratio. Those experimental magnetic behaviors were confirmed using Monte Carlo simulation. Indeed, after improving the numeric model, it is concluded that surface anisotropy Ks has a dominant role in the magnetic behavior of HMNPs and the value of critical Ks necessary to obtain radial (spike) configuration decreases as the size of HMNPs increases, keeping the same thickness. The numeric study for different sizes and shell thicknesses allows the effect of these parameters on the spin structure of HMNPs to be followed. Then, the experi-mental study extended to shell/shell HMNPs indicates that the spin disorder is enhanced in HMNPs with antiferromagnetic shell (NiO) in addition to larger exchange bias field. From those results, one can try to deduce the effect of spin disorder on the exchange bias phenomena in such system