Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Besci"

Besco es una empresa enfocada en el sector construcción e inmobiliario que cuenta con más de 20 años de experiencia en el rubro, lo que ha llevado a que ejecute múltiples proyectos de gran envergadura dentro del territorio peruano. Actualmente, uno de sus principales proyectos es la primera etapa de la obra denominada La Alameda del Rímac (LAR), la cual consiste en cuatro subobras: tres edificios y una habilitación urbana. Debido a la magnitud de este proyecto, Besco necesita encontrar nuevas herramientas de gestión que reduzcan los presupuestos o gastos no productivos en orden de mejorar su rentabilidad, incrementar la implementación de tecnología, entre otras metas. El objetivo de la consultoría fue identificar el problema principal que no le permite a Besco alcanzar sus objetivos. Para ello, se analizaron las principales causas y, a partir de esto, se propuso una nueva tecnología que cumpla con sus expectativas. Se encontró que el problema principal es el crecimiento del presupuesto destinado para las observaciones en los proyectos de construcción, el cual ha generado un estancamiento en el rendimiento de la empresa. A través de la consultoría, se encontró que la causa raíz de su problema estaría relacionada con la inadecuada gestión de ingeniería y As-Built; es decir, los procesos que incurren en el desarrollo del proyecto son ineficientes. Con base en el análisis externo e interno, así como en la literatura indagada, es que se propone una herramienta tecnológica factible que realice un impacto directo e indirecto en costos y tiempos dentro del proyecto. También, se da cuenta de su proceso de implementación y se proyecta sus efectos en los presupuestos.
Besco is a company dedicated to construction and real estate that has more than 20 years of experience in the field, which has enabled the company to execute multiple large-scale projects in Peru. Nowadays, one of its main projects is the first phase of La Alameda del Rimac (LAR), which consists of four deliverables: three buildings and an urban development. Due to the magnitude of this project, Besco needs to find new management tools that reduce budgets or non-productive expenses in order to improve its profitability, increase the implementation of technology, among other goals. The objective of the consultancy was to identify the main problem that does not allow Besco to achieve its objectives. Therefore, the main causes were analyzed, and then new technologies were proposed to meet its expectations. One finding was that the main problem is the growth of the budget allocated for observations in construction projects, which has generated a stagnation in the company's performance. Through consulting, it was found that the root cause of his problem would be related to inadequate engineering and As-Built management; in other words, the processes involved in the development of the project are inefficient. Based on the external and internal analysis, and the researched literature, the consulting group proposes a feasible technological tool that directly and indirectly affects the costs and times in the project. Also, are included its implementation process and projecting its effects on the budgets.
Tesis

El crecimiento general de la economía peruana durante la última década ha traído consigo un mayor volumen de operaciones en las empresas, situación particularmente notoria en el sector construcción y subsector de construcción inmobiliaria. En este sentido, el presente plan estratégico estudia la posibilidad de incorporar el servicio de tercerización en construcción inmobiliaria y el desarrollo de proyectos inmobiliarios ecológicos conocidos como “techos verdes” en las operaciones actuales de la compañía Besco S.A. La brecha en infraestructura inmobiliaria y la ausencia de áreas verdes en la ciudad de Lima y en las principales ciudades de la costa peruana constituye una oportunidad. En el presente trabajo se ha realizado una investigación a través de entrevistas con líderes del sector para convalidar esta oportunidad de negocio. Mediante estas entrevistas a expertos, se ha verificado la existencia de la brecha en infraestructura inmobiliaria, así como la ausencia de capacidad instalada en el diseño, planificación y ejecución de proyectos inmobiliarios, lo que incluye la carencia de espacios suficientes para la implementación de áreas verdes. Por otro lado, esta investigación identificó la voluntad de parte del gremio de construcción para llevar a cabo programas de responsabilidad social relacionados con la seguridad de los operarios y paternidad responsable fomentando la idea de “la importancia de llegar cada día a casa porque nuestras familias nos esperan”. Posteriormente, se ha evaluado la capacidad de generar una ventaja competitiva sostenible, la cual sería aprovechada por medio de una estrategia enfocada en costos sobre la base tanto de la experiencia en el sector Besco S. A. como de su casa matriz (Besalco S. A.). En tal sentido, se contará con los recursos humanos necesarios para la incorporación de profesionales provenientes de la casa matriz con amplia experiencia en los servicios y proyectos que se implementarán. Asimismo, el liderazgo regional ejercido por Besalco S. A. permitirá gestionar los procesos operativos enfocados en costos que permitan asegurar la viabilidad del servicio de tercerización y la ejecución de los proyectos de “techos verdes”. Las proyecciones financieras elaboradas sobre la base de la estimación de la demanda y del análisis de los costos, alineados con los objetivos de participación y crecimiento, muestran resultados favorables. La inversión necesaria para llevar a cabo este emprendimiento se ha calculado en S/. 40.000.000 y ofrece retornos sobre la inversión inicial.

Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico.
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Master's Thesis "Improvement Theory 'Brand Engagement in Self-Concept' through Qualitative Research" explains consumer-brand relationship view of new theory, which extends existing knowledge of incorporation brands into the self-concept. The main objective is to determine profiles of low and high BESC consumers by using in-depth interviews. In the theoretical part the explanation of brand identity, self-concept and the connection between them is done. It is followed by description of quantitative studies including the basic knowledge about the theory BESC. Consequently, in the practical part the analysis in-depth interviews, descriptions of low and high BESC consumers and intergroup comparisons are presented. Finally, the general outcome compares results of qualitative and quantitative research, and concurrently suggests managerial implications of using the theory BESC in marketing practice.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Sócio-Econômico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Administração.
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La inmobiliaria-constructora de inversión chilena BESCO SAC cuenta actualmente con más de 4500 viviendas entregadas y dispone de un patrimonio de más de 62 millones de soles, habiendo crecido a una tasa promedio anual de 31% en los últimos 6 años. BESCO ha contribuido al desarrollo del país con inversiones y creación de puestos de trabajo, habiendo aportado más de 17 millones de soles en impuestos desde su fundación. 5 Uno de los principales objetivos de BESCO es mantener el crecimiento de participación en el mercado inmobiliario, por lo tanto, es necesario realizar mejoras y cambios en las diferentes áreas funcionales de la empresa. El desarrollo de esta tesina consiste en realizar un diagnóstico a las actividades que generan pérdidas económicas al proyecto de viviendas masivas “Central 10.5” específicamente la rectificación de solaqueo y tarrajeo en los muros de concreto de los departamentos debido principalmente al mal uso y falta de mantenimiento del sistema de encofrado de muros y losas. La propuesta de solución consiste en realizar una propuesta de mejora en el proceso de encofrado de muros y losas utilizando herramientas de seguimiento y control desde la revisión de los equipos de encofrado desde su ingreso a obra hasta su devolución. Es decir, se implementará en cada área relacionada al equipo de encofrado un sistema que le permita controlar el buen uso del equipo y mantenimiento del mismo, de tal forma de disminuir la rectificaciones de solaqueo y tarrajeo en muros y losas. Por otro lado, de esta forma se lograra disminuir el pago por reposición y/o reparación de los equipos, ya que estos gastos también son pérdidas que asume la empresa.
Tesis

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a visão dos jesuítas a respeito da escravidão africana com base nos escritos dos inacianos André João Antonil, Jorge Benci e Antonio Vieira, que refletiram sobre o assunto em questão à luz da conjuntura colonial do século XVII. Notamos em seus textos uma crítica, não à escravidão em si, mas ao modo como esta se dava na prática, e uma proposta de mudança na forma como os senhores tratavam seus cativos. Reconhecendo a importância da Companhia de Jesus enquanto instituição atuante na América Portuguesa, pretendemos comparar as propostas dos religiosos com a legislação vigente e com a vida no mundo dos engenhos de açúcar, debatendo os limites e possibilidades de interferência de uma instituição religiosa em instituições civis
This paper aims to analyze the vision of the jesuits about african slavery based on the writings of André João Antonil, Jorge Benci and Antonio Vieira, who reflected on the matter in question in light of the colonial situation of the seventeenth century. We noted in their texts a critique, not to slavery itself, but the way it was in this practice, and a proposed change in the way you treated their captives. Recognizing the importance of the Society of Jesus as an institution active in Portuguese America, we intend to compare the proposals of the religious with the law and with life in the world of sugar mills, debating the limits and possibilities of interference from a religious institution in civil institutions

Orientador: Claudinei Magno Magre Mendes
Banca: Milton Carlos Costa
Banca: Lupércio Antônio Pereira
Resumo: O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a visão dos jesuítas a respeito da escravidão africana com base nos escritos dos inacianos André João Antonil, Jorge Benci e Antonio Vieira, que refletiram sobre o assunto em questão à luz da conjuntura colonial do século XVII. Notamos em seus textos uma crítica, não à escravidão em si, mas ao modo como esta se dava na prática, e uma proposta de mudança na forma como os senhores tratavam seus cativos. Reconhecendo a importância da Companhia de Jesus enquanto instituição atuante na América Portuguesa, pretendemos comparar as propostas dos religiosos com a legislação vigente e com a vida no mundo dos engenhos de açúcar, debatendo os limites e possibilidades de interferência de uma instituição religiosa em instituições civis
Abstract: This paper aims to analyze the vision of the jesuits about african slavery based on the writings of André João Antonil, Jorge Benci and Antonio Vieira, who reflected on the matter in question in light of the colonial situation of the seventeenth century. We noted in their texts a critique, not to slavery itself, but the way it was in this practice, and a proposed change in the way you treated their captives. Recognizing the importance of the Society of Jesus as an institution active in Portuguese America, we intend to compare the proposals of the religious with the law and with life in the world of sugar mills, debating the limits and possibilities of interference from a religious institution in civil institutions
Mestre

Die Arbeit beschreibt die Anfertigung eines speziellen SOI-Substrates, bei dem eine strukturierte Kobaltdisilizidschicht zwischen dem vergrabenen Oxid und der Silizium- Bauelementeschicht angeordnet ist. Dieses soll für die gemeinsame Integration bipolarerer und unipolarerer Bauelemente auf einem SOI-Substrat im Bereich der Höchstfrequenztechnik Anwendung finden. Verschiedene Technologien zur Herstellung von SOI-Substraten sowie deren Eigenschaften werden vorgestellt und in Hinblick auf eine mögliche Anwendung diskutiert. Schließlich wurden die konventionellen Technologien, Bond and Etchback SOI (BESOI) und wasserstoffinduzierte Delamination (SmartCut®), als geeignet ausgewählt. Es wurden erstmalig durchgängige Technologiekonzepte erarbeitet, welche die Prozesse zur SOI- Substratfertigung und die Teilschritte zur Herstellung hochwertiger Kobaltdisilizidschichten mittels des Kobalt-Salicide-Prozesses enthalten. Schwerpunkte bei der Silizidherstellung waren die Metallabscheidung mit sehr guter Homogenität sowie die zur Silizierung notwen-digen Hochtemperaturprozesse. Weiterhin wurde ein nasschemischer Prozess entwickelt, welcher das Ätzen der Ausgangsmetalle, selektiv zur entstehenden Silizidschicht, ermöglicht. Ein Schlüsselprozess in beiden Technologien ist das Waferbonden, welches in Hinblick auf Funktionalität und Fehlerfreiheit optimiert wurde. Für den BESOI-Prozess ist das Wafergrinden die kritische Technologie. Dabei war es vor allem notwendig, eine optimale Restsiliziumdicke zu finden. Bei der SmartCut®-Technologie stellte die Wasserstoffionen-implantation durch abwechselnde Gebiete mit und ohne Silizid mit der gleichen Reichweite der implantierten Ionen eine große Herausforderung dar. Die Grenzfläche zwischen dem Kobaltdisilizid und dem Silizium der Bauelementeschicht ist bei Verwendung des konventionellen Kobalt-Salicide-Prozesses zu rau für die Anwendung als vergrabenes Silizid in einem SOI-Substrat. Durch Modifikation von Prozessparametern und durch die Anordnung verschiedener Schichten zwischen Silizium und Kobalt während der Silizidherstellung wurde versucht, eine Verbesserung der Grenzflächenqualität zu erzielen. Mit der Verwendung einer polykristallinen Siliziumzwischenschicht gelang es schließlich, die Rauhigkeitswerte signifikant zu senken. Schließlich wurde die Eigenschaft des Kobalts untersucht, in den Siliziumkristall einzudringen und die Rekombinationslebensdauer der Minoritätsladungsträger zu senken. Durch die Verwendung eines reineren Sputtertargets und die Modifikation der Schichtgeometrien während der Silizidherstellung wurde versucht, eine Verbesserung der Lebensdauerwerte zu erzielen.

A Bruxelles comme dans d’autres contextes régionaux et nationaux, de nombreux professionnels et spécialistes présentent les notions de discrimination et de diversité dans le domaine de l’emploi comme « les deux faces d’une même pièce » :au dépassement de la première répondrait l’avènement de la seconde. Considérant ce discours comme problématique, nous retraçons dans notre thèse l’émergence et le développement de l’action publique bruxelloise de lutte contre les discriminations ethno-raciales et de promotion de la diversité en matière d’emploi, depuis la fin des années 1990. Dans une perspective qualitative, nous analysons les conditions d’élaboration et de mise en œuvre de cette action publique régionale, en prêtant une attention particulière aux pratiques des acteurs et aux effets concrets des dispositifs (en particulier le « Plan de diversité »). Au-delà du caractère séduisant et consensuel de la notion de diversité, nous montrons que les interventions qui s’en réclament tendent à perdre de vue le problème des discriminations ethno-raciales en matière d’emploi, qu’elles devaient pourtant contribuer à réduire. Les entreprises privées peuvent ne pas voir l’utilité ni la pertinence des « bonnes pratiques » de gestion des ressources humaines promues dans ce cadre. Et même lorsque les pratiques managériales évoluent, cela n’a pas forcément d’effet en matière de recrutement ou de reconnaissance symbolique des minorités ethno-raciales.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

This thesis describes the synchronic grammar of the Tukang Besi language of Indonesia. Tukang Besi is an Austronesian language whose home islands lie in the province of' Southeast Sulawesi in Central Indonesia. It appears to subgroup more closely with the languages of Sulawesi than with the languages of Maluku, but its close genetic affiliations remain uncertain. The language displays elements common to the Philippine-type languages that are mainly found to the north and west of it, such as the presence of a 'focus' system, as well as many elements found in the languages of eastern Indonesia and western Oceania, such as pronominal indexing on the verb. The interaction of these two seemingly incompatible systems is responsible for many of the complexities of Tukang Besi grammar. Tukang Besi is a head-marking language, with extensive verbal affixing that also serves to drive the Philippine-type 'focus' system. The subject is obligatorily indexed on the verb, and the object optionally (but preferably) so. Nominals, which are optional due to the indexing on the verb, are case-marked to indicate their status as core or oblique arguments in the clause; the division between these two layers of the clause is evidenced by numerous processes and constraints that apply to the two categories in different ways. There are two cases that may be assigned to core arguments, nqminative and non-nominative, and these are pragmatic cases (with syntactic effects), not semantically based cases. The case marking on core nominals is dependent not only on the case assigned to the argument, but also on the position of that nominal in the clause. Oblique arguments are marked by an oblique article, prepositions, or one of a variety of verbs in special non-contiguous serial verb constructions that show different degrees of grammaticalisation, behaving unlike 'true' verbs and more like prepositions in some respects. Contiguous serialisation is also found in the language, and is in many respects indistinguishable from the extensive valency-increasing morphology in terms of the effects achieved. There are three casuative processes, three applicative suffixes, and three passive prefixes. A particular feature of the grammar is the use of different pivots for different grammatical processes. Some processes are sensitive to the case an argument bears, and others are sensitive to the syntactic role that the argument bears in the clause regardless of its case. Yet others are dependent on the thematic roles that an argument bears, irrespective of its pragmatic case or syntactic role. The data have been presented in a loose structuralist framework as much as possible, in order to avoid prejudging the linguistic facts in favour of one or the other linguistic theories. In the description of causative and applicative processes, however, reference to thematic roles and a ranked thematic hierarchy has proven to be an invaluable descriptive tool. Many grammatical processes are easily explained by reference to this hierarchy.

碩士
國立交通大學
電子工程學系
85
The focus of this thesis is on our newly developed bond and etch-back silicon-on-insulator (BESOI) process. BESOI uses sub- micron epitaxial silicon layers on heavily B-doped Si substrates and subsequently bonded onto another Si wafer with a thermally grown oxide. An etch-back process is followed to remove the Si substrate and the B-doped p+ layer. It is difficult to achieve a fully depleted MOSFET by conventional process with lower B concentration, however it is essential for the low power and highspeed operation. We have used low temperature process on Si epitaxy and wafer bonding. Abrupt B profiles with concentration reduced by three orders of magnitude within hundreds of angstrom is achieved for the Si epitaxial layer at a low growth temeprature of 800℃. A low bonding temeprature of 600℃ with well treated SiO2 surface is obtained to achieve a high wafer bonding energy, which can compete with the conventional high temperature wafer bonding at 1100℃. Todate, the process temperature of our BESOI is still the lowest one.

博士
國立臺灣大學
中國文學研究所
95
The topic of this dissertation is “Suzhou Kunqiang and qulyu of the Early Qing” The term “early Qing dynasty” refers to the reign of Shunzhi (順治) and Kangxi (康熙), and the term “Suzhou area “ refers to the area governed by Suzhou Fu (府), which included one state (州) and seven counties (縣). The term “Kunqiang and qulyu” （崑腔曲律） can be divided into two parts: qu ci(曲詞), which is the literary part, and qu diao (曲調), which is the musical part. I will discuss the former in this dissertation, including the punctuation and rhetoric (句讀正襯) styles and the tune title combination (曲牌聯套) rules, but not the latter. In previous researches, there is no exclusive study on Kunqiang and qulyu in this particular area and historical period--the studies on Suzhou area in early Qing dynasty have not included the topic of kunqu music, and the studies on local operas, which are drawing more and more attention, have not included Suzhou area in early Qing dynasty. Thus, this dissertation is one of the first to discuss this important yet unexplored topic. Notated qu compositions (qupu 曲譜) are the first-hand material for studying the kunqu style. Since the extant qupus before the publishing of Jiugong Dacheng Nanbei Pu (九宮大成南北譜) in the reign of Qianlung (乾隆) are all literal notation (文字譜), I have to limit the topic within the literary part of kunqu. Similarly, since there were few qupus which indicated frequently-used tune title combinations (常用聯套) before the publishing of Xinding Shierlu Kunqiang Pu (新訂十二律崑腔譜) by Wang Ruisheng (王瑞生) in the reign of Kangxi, my discussion on tune title combination rules is based on chuanqi (傳奇) works, which are the scripts of kunqu. To be specific, this study is based on Zhang Dafu (張大復) ’s Hanshantang Qupu (寒山堂曲譜) and Li Yu (李玉) ’s Beici Guangzheng Pu (北詞廣正譜), as well as fifty-five other chuanqi scripts written by more than ten Suzhou playwrights of early Qing. The structure of this dissertation is as following: In the first chapter, I will discuss the various opera types (戲曲腔調) in Suzhou area during early Qing dynasty, in order to get an overall view of the situation kunqu opera (崑山腔) faces at the time from late Ming to early Qing, when there are many new opera types rising. I will also try to solve the problem regarding various versions of Zhang Dafu’s Hanshantang Qupu, in order to understand the attitudes of the playwrights in early Qing dynasty towards compiling musical notation, and their aesthetic views towards the changes in qu rules(曲律). In the second and third chapter, I will take a close look at Zhang Dafu’s Hanshantang Qupu and Li Yu ’s Beici Guangzheng Pu to analyze the changes in the tune title rules (曲牌格律) and compare the differences in tune title patterns, in order to study the development and changes of Kunqiang and qulyu. The fourth chapter discusses the chuanqi works written by Suzhou playwrights of early Qing and examines the development of the kunqu tune title combination rules (崑曲聯套規律). Finally, in the fifth chapter, I will explore the relation between the tune title combination rules and the arrangements of scenes (排場). I have employed various research methods in handling the different issues in this dissertation. In the first chapter, which gives an overview of the whole topic, I have gathered materials related to each local opera from original literature, such as biji congtan (筆記叢談), and articles written by recent scholars. Then I have drawn evidence to discuss the various versions of Zhang Dafu’s Hanshantang Qupu. In the second chapter, I have set Zhang’s work as the basis for studying different tune title styles, and compared it with other nanqu (南曲) notations before and after him. The third chapter discusses the changeable styles and the strict taoshi (套式) of beiqu (北曲), in order to examine the development and changes in beiqu. The fourth and fifth chapters continue this issue to discuss the styles of tune title combination. Here I have used statistics and classification to quantify the difference between the tune title combinations in Ming and in Qing. Then I further analyze the utilization of tune title combinations, that is, the arrangements of scenes, by providing many examples from actual opera works. Since Wei Liangfu (魏良輔) invented shuimo diao (水磨調) in Ming dynasty, kunqu has matured during late Ming dynasty. By early Qing, it had already gone through nearly 100 years of development. In this period, apart from keeping the tradition set by predecessors, people also try to make changes and renew the Kunqiang and qulyu. In regard of the tradition kept, we can see that about forty percent of the tune titles in Zhang Dafu’s Hanshantang Qupu are the same as previous ones. Thus we know that the tune title is the constant part of kunqu. Most of the tune titles do not allow too many variations or changes in their usages and order. As for the tune title combinations, most of them were set in the early stage of the development of chuanqi in Ming dynasty. They were still followed in early Qing dynasty, and were used in fifty to sixty percent of the scripts of this period. The beitao (北套) preserved in taoshu fenti (套數分題) in Beici Guangzheng Pu (北詞廣正譜) or used in chuanqi (傳奇) scripts indicate that their rules were quite fixed and almost unbreakable. Furthermore, the plots (關目) which were often used in the plays of Ming dynasty still kept their basic forms in the plays of early Qing dynasty, and the patterns of scene arrangements generalized by previous scholars can also be seen in the scripts of Suzhou playwrights in early Qing dynasty, with few changes. These facts show that after Wei Liangfu set the kunqu style, the looseness of Nanqu was no longer seen. There emerged unbreakable rules for kunqu, which became its basis and marked its uniqueness. However, during early Qing dynasty, kunqu style also went through some changes, which, in my opinion, include the following: (1) The old rules of tune titles became less and less strict. After comparing tune titles collected in Zhang Dafu’s Hanshantang Qupu and the previous tune titles, we can see that in early Qing, the factors deciding tune titles often changed completely, which made the tune title styles in this period dramatically different from the old ones, even making the qu form (曲體) completely different from the original pattern (本格). Changes also occur in the scripts. The tune title combinations in the scripts of early Qing dynasty are often different from those in the scripts of Ming. For example, a common combination can be devided into single-qu type (單曲型), variant type (變易型) and mixed type (雜綴型)…etc, making it much more complicated. About sixty percent of the content of Zhang Dafu’s Hanshantang Qupu is different from traditional qupus, and about thirty percent of the tune title combinations in other playwrights’ works were not found in the works of Ming dynasty. Thus we can see that in early Qing, the rules of some of the tune titles were not as strict as before. (2) The idea of gongdiao (宮調) became less clear This can be seen from Zhang Dafu and Li Yu’s handling of gongdiao, which often disobeys traditional definition. In Zhang’s work, the grouping of some tune titles and the usage of gondiao were quite different from traditional definition. This indicates that the difference between nanqu and beiqu, the definition of fandiao (犯調), and the choice of Ban style (板式) became less clear. Li Yu’s notation is the first notation of beiqu which uses 17 gongdiao to compose the whole notation. However, these gongdiao were not actually used in the tune title system and the composition of scripts. The fact that editors like Li Yu used gongdiao to compose the whole book indicates their ignorance towards its definition, and that the rules of gongdiao had become so loose that the idea of gongdiao itself had become less clear among editors of early Qing dynasty. (3) More attention was paid on performance The looseness of tune title styles and the fact that the idea of gongdiao became less clear both suggest one thing: more attention was paid on the actual performance. As the editor of qupu, Zhang Dafu claimed for several times in his work that the reason he uses music rules (音律) as guideline in notation is for the sake of practical needs of the playwrights. In his book, he has also mentioned the issues concerning acting, singing and staging. In regard of notation style, Zhang Dafu and Li Yu both omitted the marking of pingze (平仄), which had been very important in previous notations. Instead, Zhang Dafu made detailed notation on paishu (拍數), while Li Yu’s notation was the first beiqu notation that marked banyan (板眼). These facts are both evidence of the evolution from gelu pu (格律譜) to gongchi pu (工尺譜). We can see that qu scholars of Suzhou in early Qing started to concern themselves for the musical part of Kunqiang and qulyu. Furthermore, the scene arrangements of chuanqi scripts in early Qing were often quite flexible, which indicates that Suzhou playwrights of this period were putting more efforts on enhancing the theatrical effects and performance. (4) Beiqu assimilated with kunshan shuimo diao The looseness of the tune title styles and the gongdiao rules in nanqu mentioned above can also apply to beiqu. The disintegration of rules in beiqu can be seen as the evidence for the fact that it had assimilated with kunshan shuimo diao(崑山水磨調). Beiqu, which was introduced into Suzhou during the middle period of Ming, became greatly influenced by nanqu. In late Ming dynasty, it still kept its own characteristics and were as popular as nanqu, but by early Qing dynasty, it had already become assimilated with nanqu and even influenced by kunshan shuimo diao, and finally lost its own original rules. Thus, in Suzhou, the beiqu in early Qing dynasty was quite different from that in Yuan dynasty. Suzhou area was a place with unique geographical and cultural environment. Thus in early Qing dynasty, when a new age had just begun, the kunqu style in this area, while inheriting the great achievements reached in Ming dynasty, had also gone through changes, even breaking the traditional rules to enable further development and variation. This indicates that Suzhou in that period was facing significant changes, which is an important factor in the study of the kunqu style there, and makes it a worthwhile topic.

碩士
逢甲大學
經營管理碩士在職專班
96
Recently, because of globalization and internationalization, competition of business in between countries has been more and more transparent. International Merge & Acquisition (M&A) has become the most direct strategy to enlarge enterprises, acquire brand names, expand market share, vertical & horizontal integration, acquiring research centers and factory expansions. Recent multinational M&A reveals that these cases have more problems underneath the table such as country cultures differentiation, diffusion of management type, and opinion leader employees that increase the difficulties to integrate. This case study is to research the phenomenon and issues of diffusing American style managing into a Taiwanese corporate, after an American corporate multinational acquiring a Taiwanese corporate. According to the Diffusion Theory of Rogers (1995, 2003), the adoption is close to normal distribution. This case study has used the diffusion theory, to understand the difference between the “S curve” and the American style managing strategy and manners diffusion after the acquisition. During the diffusion, the country culture impacts between the western individualism and eastern collectivism. Chinese culture is affected deeply by Confucianism, and organizations are functioned as family styles. Western culture is based on science and efficiency. Although Taiwan has been affected by American culture and management style long time, but the nature of the culture is ineradicable. To judge an integration success or not in an acquired corporate, is determined by fully accepting the new management or not. This case study is to understand the acquired company reaction of American style managing strategy and manners by using qualitative interview, and also to recognize the relationship (Guanxi) understanding difference between the mother company’s point of view and actual. The research finds the employee that the mother company assigned to diffuse was not the core of relationship (opinion leader), the actual person who had high Guanxi intensity was a lagger, leading to a slow diffusion. The American Headquarter official organization structure was affected by individualism, and has a big difference comparing to the actual relationship (Guanxi) and inquiry network. The American style managing strategy and manners could not be diffused by the opinion leader to detonate the critical mass of Rogers’s diffusion theory. The case study also reveals a “Weak Organization and Strong Linkages” in the actual employee relationship, and the network created by “Guanxi” and “Inquiry Network” also indicates that the inquiry network for professional dependency is also crtitcal besides relationship. Culture due diligence before M&A is extremely important and the diffusion after M&A has to work through Guanxi and Inquiry network, not through the organization only.