Bibliografias temáticas / Before 1848

Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Before 1848"

Autor: Grafiati
Publicado: 26 de julho de 2024
Última modificação: 27 de julho de 2024

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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Before 1848"

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COSMA, ELA. "DIPLOMATIC AND MILITARY AGENTS OF THE POLISH EMIGRATION IN THE ROMANIAN PRINCIPALITIES (1833–1849)". ISTRAŽIVANJA, Јournal of Historical Researches, n.º 30 (25 de dezembro de 2019): 111–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.19090/i.2019.30.111-140.

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Before the 1848–1849 revolution, the Romanian Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia, under Turkish suzerainty and Russian protectorate, hosted a significant number of Poles belonging to both factions of the Polish Great Emigration, Adam Czartoryski’s circle and the democrats. The names and activity of the Poles emigrated in the Romanian Lands during the Peoples’ Spring are less known than those of the Polish Great Emigration in France and England. The study brings to light the diplomatic involvement (1833–1849) of leading characters among the Polish monarchists sent by Czartoryski and Michał Czajkowski in the Romanian national movement promoted by Ion Câmpineanu (1838), as well as their bounds and military support offered to Nicolae Bălcescu and other revolutionaries from Wallachia (1848). Special attention is paid to the activity unfolded by Polish democrats in Moldavia, in order to prepare and trigger an uprising in neighbouring Galicia (1846, 1848). Led by Faustyn Filanowicz, Teofil Wiśniowski, Ioan Loga, the democrats’ main accomplishment was the establishment of the Polish South Legion (1842), with operational basis in Grozeşti (Oituz) and military deployment in southern Moldavia and north-eastern Wallachia (1848). The study case of the Polish emigration in the Romanian Principalities between 1833–1849 reveals useful conclusions regarding the organization of the universal revolution, a phenomenon of world interest for nineteenth century history.
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Buissink, Katjo. "The Proletariat in Marx and Engels' Critique of Capitalism, 1842–1848". Science & Society 87, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2023): 95–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/siso.2023.87.1.95.

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Marx and Engels’ development during the 1840s is often approached by comparing their main theoretical work before and after 1846. Yet Marx and Engels were both active participants in political movements building up to the revolutionary wave which swept across Europe in 1848–49. This political context, and their personal belief in the political importance of the proletariat, are essential for understanding why Marx and Engels followed their chosen lines of research. As early as 1843, both men see the proletariat's potential as a revolutionary group and seek to develop this relationship further in their writings. For this reason, it is necessary to interpret Marx and Engels’ works and theoretical shifts during 1842–1848 in the context of their broader political development focused on the proletariat's role in the coming revolutions. This context shapes their prominent theoretical works, highlighting the strategic principles that they developed in their activist-oriented writings.
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Stanonik, Janez. "Anton Füster - a Slovene forty-eighter". Acta Neophilologica 31 (1 de dezembro de 1998): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/an.31.0.81-93.

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Anton Füster, originally by profession a Catholic priest and a leading figure in the Vienna Revolution of 1848/49, lived the early part of his life- from 1808 till 1847 - in his native Slovenia. A few months before the outbreak of the revolution he was nominated Professor at Vienna University. After the suppression of the revolution in spring 1849 he emigrated by way of Germany and London to the United States. After the first three years in Boston he lived in New York until his return to Austria in 1876. He died in Vienna in 1881.
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Stanonik, Janez. "Anton Füster - a Slovene forty-eighter". Acta Neophilologica 31 (1 de dezembro de 1998): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/an.31.1.81-93.

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Anton Füster, originally by profession a Catholic priest and a leading figure in the Vienna Revolution of 1848/49, lived the early part of his life- from 1808 till 1847 - in his native Slovenia. A few months before the outbreak of the revolution he was nominated Professor at Vienna University. After the suppression of the revolution in spring 1849 he emigrated by way of Germany and London to the United States. After the first three years in Boston he lived in New York until his return to Austria in 1876. He died in Vienna in 1881.
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PONT, ADRIAN C., CHRISTER BERGSTRÖM e ADRIAN C. PONT. "The Muscidae described by J. W. Zetterstedt (Insecta: Diptera)". Zootaxa 2852, n.º 1 (29 de abril de 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2852.1.1.

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The 204 species-group names of Muscidae proposed by J.W. Zetterstedt, including the species described by Stenhammar and Wahlberg in Zetterstedt, are reviewed. Excluded from this total are the nomina nuda listed in Zetterstedt (1837, 1845). Of these 204 names, 192 are available names, whilst 10 are unavailable because they are nomina nuda or were proposed in synonymy and not made available before 1961 (Aricia atrata, Anthomyza bicolor, Cyrtoneura coerulescens, Cyrtoneura curvinervis, Anthomyza insignita, Pyrellia luteipennis, Pyrellia parviceps, Aricia pulchella, Anthomyza pusilla, Aricia sororia), and two are unjustified emendations (Anthomyza ocreata, Anthomyza trigonota). Of the 192 available names, 85 are valid species whilst 107 are now placed in synonymy. In this review, 106 lectotypes are designated. Three names are raised from synonymy and are given new status as valid species: Mydaea detrita (Zetterstedt, 1845), Lophosceles impar (Zetterstedt, 1846), and Helina lapponica (Ringdahl, 1918). Fourteen new synonyms are proposed: Anthomyza cingulipes Zetterstedt, 1849 with Anthomyza (now Coenosia) bilineella Zetterstedt, 1838, Anthomyza nigrifemur Zetterstedt, 1845 with Palusia (now Coenosia) testacea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, Anthomyza cineraria Zetterstedt, 1845 with Anthomyza (now Helina) fratercula Zetterstedt, 1845, Anthomya veterana Zetterstedt, 1838 with Anthomyza (now Helina) longicornis (Zetterstedt, 1838), Anthomyza nivalis Zetterstedt, 1838 with Aricia (now Helina) flavisquama Zetterstedt, 1849, Aricia duplaris Zetterstedt, 1845 with Anthomyia (now Helina) obscurata Meigen, 1826, Lonchaea metallica Zetterstedt, 1849 with Anthomyia (now Hydrotaea) capensis Wiedemann, 1818, Anthomyza hians Zetterstedt, 1846 with Musca (now Lophosceles) mutatus Fallén, 1823, Anthomyza electa Zetterstedt, 1860 with Anthomyza (now Mydaea) detrita Zetterstedt, 1845, Anthomyza humeralis Zetterstedt, 1845 and Anthomyza humeralis Zetterstedt, 1860 with Mydaea setifemur Ringdahl, 1924, Anthomyza vicina Zetterstedt, 1838 with Anthomyza (now Phaonia) consobrina Zetterstedt, 1838, Aricia fumipennis Zetterstedt, 1845 with Anthomyza (now Spilogona) arctica Zetterstedt, 1838, and Anthomyza hirsutula Zetterstedt, 1838 with Anthomyza (now Thricops) innocua Zetterstedt, 1838. Following Reversal of Precedence, Helina flavisquama is preserved as a nomen protectum and Helina nivalis rejected as a nomen oblitum.
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Merchant, Peter. "“What one sees another sees"". Journal of Juvenilia Studies 2, n.º 2 (27 de dezembro de 2019): 102–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/jjs38.

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This essay considers some of the work published by Anna Kingsford (1846-88) before she reached the age of twenty and by Richard Jefferies (1848-87) before he turned eighteen. It focuses on the year 1866, and explores some unexpected parallels between his writing and hers. What stand revealed are two oddly overlapping careers that were shaped by, but also both rose above, the not always favourable conditions under which in the later nineteenth century the young writer had to operate.
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Solberg, Winton U. "The Sabbath on the Overland Trail to California". Church History 59, n.º 3 (setembro de 1990): 340–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3167743.

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The westward movement carried Americans to the banks of the Mississippi River by 1840, and in the following decade hardy pioneers began crossing the plains and mountains to settle on the Pacific coast. Gold was discovered at Sutter's Mill near present-day Sacramento on 24 January 1848, and the ensuing gold rush created a spectacle such as the world had never seen before.
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Laiskhanov, Sh U., K. D. Kaymuldinova e D. T. Aliaskarov. "DYNAMICS OF THE ARAL SEA WATER ON AREA HISTORICAL MAPS". Geography and water resources, n.º 2 (27 de junho de 2024): 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.55764/2957-9856/2024-2-52-63.12.

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The global environmental crisis of the Aral Sea has garnered the attention of researchers in recent decades, leading to an increase in studies on changes in the water area and its environmental impact. While most research on the Aral Sea focuses on the past fifty years, there is a lack of information on quantitative changes from its inception to becoming an environmental disaster. Our aim is to utilize historical maps to examine the Aral Sea's area in different years and trace its evolution before the environmental crisis. By reviewing scientific papers and maps using international search engines and electronic resources, we analyzed the area of the Aral Sea on historical maps with the ArсGIS 10.4.1 GIS program. The data from 1716 to 1967 reveals that the area was 10 320 km2 in 1716, expanding to 20 538 km2 in 1742 and reaching a peak of 71 009 km2 in 1848-1849. Subsequently, the area decreased slightly to 63 691 km2 by 1907 before rising again to 66 836 km2 by 1967. It is worth noting that pre-1848-1849 historical maps may have more inaccuracies due to limited scientific knowledge and mapping techniques.
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Jackson, M. W. "Before marx: Socialism and communism in France, 1830–1848". History of European Ideas 7, n.º 4 (janeiro de 1986): 419–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-6599(86)90054-9.

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Tartalja, Ivo. "The intersections of ideas of universal intersection from Uros Milankovic to Laza Kostic". Prilozi za knjizevnost, jezik, istoriju i folklor, n.º 82 (2016): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pkjif1682109t.

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The paper attempts to offer an explanation of considerable analogies between the philosophical writings of Uros Milankovic (1800-1848) and Laza Kostic (1841-1910). Now it is possible to say with certainty that, a long time before his intention to derive the intersection principle, he had clearly adopted the viewpoint of the so-called Naturphilosophie on the paths of fundamental processes in the world.
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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Before 1848"

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Brown, David Ewan. "The Scottish origin-legend before Fordun". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23752.

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Cook, Geoffrey Stephen. "The development of social security in Ireland (before and after independence) 1838-1990". Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319908.

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Lucas, Rory C. M. "The evolution of monastic liturgy in northern Britain before 1153". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19942.

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This thesis proposes that Northumbrian monastic liturgy evolved in ways distinct from those of the rest of Britain, and traces its development through three markedly contrasting periods of its history. The first chapter is concerned with the origins of monastic life in Northumbria, up to the death of the Venerable Bede in 735. Taking as source material the historical works of Bede and other contemporary lives of the saints, specific references to liturgy and chant are analysed, with the purpose of determining the importance of liturgical music in the evangelization of Northumbria, the type and provenance of the chants used, and the methods of musical transmission in the absence of notation. It becomes apparent from this analysis that by the early eighth century, Northumbrian monastic liturgy had reached a degree of sophistication unsurpassed even by Canterbury. The second chapter shows, mainly by evidence from liturgical books, how a small remnant of monastic life survived the ravages of the Viking raids, until the return of relative stability after the Norman Conquest. The persistence of cults of Northumbrian saints throughout Britain is also documented, using evidence from liturgical kalendars. The revival of monastic life after the Conquest is the subject of the third chapter, with emphasis on how the new or revived monasteries compiled their liturgical books. Strands of influence on the Durham Missal are investigated, and a little-known Scottish Tironensian missal is used as evidence of the growing importance of the reformed Benedictine orders in the north of Britain at the beginning of the twelfth century, largely due to the encouragement of David, Earl of Northumbria, who was later King David I of Scotland.
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Oh, Yeon-Soo. "Poor relief in Scotland before 1845 : with particular reference to the contribution made by the Church". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1994. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU089063.

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This thesis presents an account of the operation of the system of poor relief in Scotland, as it developed under legislation passed by the Scottish Parliament in the 16th and 17th centuries. Attention is given to the principles which underlay what is usually called the Old Scottish Poor Law as well as to an analysis of the varied practice in providing relief in the country. The first four chapters concentrate on the actual working of the old system---how it was funded, which categories of poor it was intended to support, how and by whom it was managed, the varying mixture in localities of "public" funding (collections at church, dues and fees, interest on accrued capital, legal assessment where this was introduced) and of "private" or "voluntary" funding in money or in kind (individual gifts, community-based subscriptions, and so on). The distinctive approaches to the problem of the local destitute by town and rural areas, and between towns and in different regions of the country, are reviewed. The strains on the old system in the late 18th and early 19th centuries are noted---particularly, the impact of rising and shifting population, the social disorganization caused by agrarian improvements and the onset of rapid industrialization and then by intermittent periods of deep trade recessions and widespread unemployment and of crop failures and dearth in the countryside. In chapters 5 and 6 these social and economic strains form the background to a long debate between those who resisted any change in the Old Poor Law and would-be reformers.
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Poon, Heidi Y. H. "Life before Darwin : body, mind and soul in Britain, 1815-1859". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/30653.

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How does bodily matter become alive? Is the mind reducible to the brain? These questions became crucial in the emergent discipline of life science at the turn of the nineteenth century, when the term 'biology' was coined. The new scientific theories that arose at this time directly impinged on contemporary religious beliefs concerning the soul as the principle of immortality, and the mind as the divinely endowed basis for human morality. Through an interdisciplinary study of three episodes, all of which originated in 1816, this thesis examines the interface between science and religion with regard to souls, minds, and the living body, in the half-century before Darwin's Origin of Species. The first episode focuses on a series of controversies (1816-1822) surrounding William Lawrence, a professor at the Royal College of Surgeons. He postulated that life could emerge from matter, and that matter could generate thought and sensation. The express materialism in these views engendered strong scientific and religious opposition. This study argues that the scientific opposition to Lawrence's views was motivated largely by a desire to defend the institutional and professional standing of the surgeons rather than by a commitment to oppose Lawrence's materialism. In examining the religious opposition to Lawrence, this thesis concludes that ultimately it was a concern for a secure institutional basis for morality rather than a wish to defend the doctrine of the soul per se that was at stake. The second episode revolves around George Combe, the influential author of The Constitution of Man (1828). He was decried as an atheist because his phrenological science allegedly reduced the mind to the physical brain. This thesis offers a new interpretation of Combe's science as the means through which he framed a natural religion with a code of morality based on natural law. It was a religion that sought to recast the role of a more materialistic conception of the mind as the vehicle for morality, and to displace the reliance on an immortal soul and a future state for the enforcement of morals. The third episode centres on Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (1818). Through studying the novel as the fable of its sub-title, The Modern Prometheus, I conclude that the power of Mary Shelley's moral vision lies in its inescapable warning that an absolute denial of the spiritual aspects of life is inimical to our humanity. Without being explicitly religious, Frankenstein encapsulates a new kind of secular humanist spirituality that denies outright materialism. In summary, this thesis argues that the interface between religion and biology, concerning the nature of the living body and the mind, despite initial appearances, were not primarily over the issues of materialism. The three episodes studied illustrate a spectrum of attitudes towards scientific materialism, and it is found that ultimately, it was the necessity for a secure basis of morality that shaped the responses.
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Scotland, Jennifer L. "Inspection time in patients with intracranial tumours before and after neurosurgery". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4425.

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Introduction: Many patients with brain tumours experience dysfunction in several cognitive domains. Given the limited survival times of the majority of patients with brain tumours, maintenance or improvement of quality of life is as important as increasing survival time. Impaired cognition has a negative impact on quality of life and as such, cognitive function is becoming an increasingly important endpoint in clinical trials in neuro-oncology. However, measuring cognition in patients with brain tumours is problematic for a number of reasons. Most intracranial tumours are initially treated with surgery and studies of neurosurgical morbidity often evaluate physical as opposed to cognitive domains, yet the latter can have a greater negative impact on the patient’s quality of life. This thesis therefore details cognition in brain tumour patients at the time of presentation (pre-operatively) and examines the effects of surgical intervention on cognitive function. Of particular interest is the potential utility of inspection time, a computer-based measure of the brain’s information processing efficiency, as a measure of brain slowing as a result of the tumour and as an indicator of response to surgical intervention. Methods: The study is based on a cohort of 118 newly-presenting patients with a supratentorial brain tumour who were to have surgery (biopsy or resection). Each patient was administered a comprehensive battery of cognitive tests prior to surgery (baseline). The battery comprised inspection time testing, other standardised cognitive measures and assessment of mood, quality of life and functional status. Post-operatively, each patient repeated the inspection time test in addition to a selected number of the other tests administered at baseline. For comparison, a group of patients admitted for elective spinal surgery (n = 85) were also tested pre- and post-operatively. A group of healthy volunteers provided a second control group by being tested twice (n = 80). Results: The brain tumour cohort were significantly impaired by comparison with both control groups at baseline (pre-operatively) on the majority of the cognitive measures, including inspection time. Baseline inspection time scores were significantly related to some scores on the EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire in the brain tumour group, but not in the spinal surgery group. There was no significant difference between the brain tumour and spinal surgery groups in term of the levels of pre-operative anxiety and depression. The brain tumour cohort showed significantly greater relative deterioration on inspection time following surgery by comparison with both control groups. The brain tumour cohort also deteriorated significantly on several other measures postoperatively by comparison with the healthy control group. Detailed analyses were carried out to determine the differential effects of tumour type, location, and type of surgery (biopsy or resection) on inspection time and other functions in the brain tumour group. Conclusions: Tumour-related cognitive impairment appears to be common in a heterogeneous group of brain tumour patients with a variety of different tumours located throughout the brain. Surgical intervention has a negative impact on function in brain tumour patients, although this deterioration may be transient. General slowing of visual information processing appears to be common to brain tumour patients and the inspection time task provides a feasible and useful method of assessment in brain tumour patients. The task is sensitive to tumour-related brain slowing and can provide a reliable assessment of response to surgery. Given the task’s advantages over more commonly-used cognitive measures, it could be usefully incorporated into cognitive tests batteries in neuro-oncology.
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Lin, Chi-I. "Mourning before death : mother-son relationships in Shakespeare's histories and tragedies". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/30390.

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In Mourning before Death, I discuss the representation of maternal mourning in King John, the Henry VI trilogy, Richard III, Titus Andronicus, and Coriolanus. Primarily, I explore Shakespeare’s expansion of maternal roles from his source texts, especially their lamentations anticipating the death of sons in these plays. Shakespeare emphasises the grief experienced by mothers which is largely absent in the historical accounts on which the plays are based. My research address Phyllis Rackin’s definition of females as ‘anti-historians’ and examines how mothers in mourning intrude into historical events and confront masculine authority. This study focuses principally on Shakespeare’s representation of maternal authority in terms of mother-son relationships. The introduction identifies the importance of ‘women’s time’ and physical expressions of maternal distress and the dramatic conflicts these provoke. Chapter 2 examines how Constance’s grief affects the reaction of the audience to the power struggle in King John. Chapter 3 is concerned with how Margaret’s queenship in Henry VI disrupts the development of English kingship and endangers the existing Lancastrian rule. Chapter 4 discusses the psychological and physical meanings expressed through the use of the sitting posture, a gesture which embodies the mother’s pain. Chapter 5 discusses Shakespeare’s exploration of political wildness and barbarism through his representation of Tamora’s tragic passion. Chapter 6 discusses Volumnia’s maternity and her appropriation of the Roman concept of honour. The conclusion considers the strength of maternal authority and female power in Shakespeare’s representation of maternal mourning.
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Malherbe, Vertrees Canby. "The Cape Khoisan in the Eastern districts of the colony before and after Ordinance 50 of 1828". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20204.

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Includes bibliographical references.
My study arose from a wish to consolidate work begun in the 1970s concerning the indigenous people of the Cape - the 'Bushmen' and 'Hottentots' of the historical record who, properly, are called San and Khoi, or 'the Khoisan' • My idea was to build upon existing work (of others, chiefly, but also of my own) concerning their dispossession and subordination by colonists from Europe. The focus has, as far as possible, been the people themselves, with Ordinance 50 of 1828 the pivotal point. The ordinance removed certain disabilities peculiar to the Khoisan and other 'free people of colour' in the colony, and conferred equality before the law. Other researchers have explored the alleged vagrancy of Ordinance SO's beneficiaries, its impact upon wages, and the government's administration of the law. My project is to uncover all and any of the ways in which the ordinance, in tandem with some simultaneous reforms, was actually experienced by Khoisan. The hint (by L. C. Duly) that a study of 'informal processes' at the local level might yield fresh insights suggested a means to raise the visibility of the Khoisan in the colony's 'master narrative' and, in the process, break new ground. It has proved well-suited to the aim of keeping Khoisan experience to the fore without slipping around to more familiar ways of seeing whereby public policy, the interests of elites, or the application of the law insinuate themselves as principal concerns. The most important source materials used are in the Cape Archives Depot of the State Archives. These include mission documents as well as government records and correspondence. Three newspapers began publication during the period of the study (c. 1820-1835). These are housed at the South African Library, as are certain private journals, travel books, and political commentaries of the time. Valuable secondary works and dissertations, in this and related fields, are available at the Jagger and African Studies libraries at the University of Cape Town. Part I provides a historiographical review and sets out the aims and objects of the study. Part II deals with economy and government, law, custom and daily life prior to the 50th ordinance. The first year after it was law, when the Khoisan, officials and colonists tested its provisions, is the subject of Part III. Part IV carries the account to 18 34-35 when a draft vagrant law shook the Khoisan, and war brought havoc to the eastern frontier. The final section draws together certain themes - self-perceptions and identity, acculturation and the status of traditional lifestyles, the Khoisan's 'ancient' and (new) 'burgher' claim to the land, to mention some. The study concludes that the power of Ordinance 50 to transform the lives of those it proposed to liberate (the Khoisan, principally) has been inflated - more strikingly by those who have looked back on it than by its beneficiaries and their mentors at the time.
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Newby-Alexander, Cassandra. ""The world was all before them": A study of the black community in Norfolk, Virginia, 1861-1884". W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623823.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the lives, accomplishments, and struggles of the black community in Norfolk, Virginia, between the years of 1861 and 1884, from the black perspective.;The integration of documents with statistics to uncover the mentalite of blacks is the focus of this study's research. The black community of this period was not always reactive, but active in determining its own fate. Even during slavery, Norfolk's blacks took an active role in their destiny through participation in the Underground Railroad.;This study suggests that blacks strove diligently to work with, and in some cases, conciliate, the white oligarchy. Unfortunately, their efforts met with resistance and defeat. Despite these difficulties, the black community pulled together to assist its members as the whites unified to subjugate them.;The results of the investigation suggest that had blacks continued to be politically active, Norfolk would have had an economically prosperous black community. Instead, the introduction of Jim Crow laws served to oppress blacks economically and produce a sense of hopelessness, socially and politically.
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McCulloch, Kenneth H. "Four days before the mast : a study of sail training in the UK". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24934.

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The origins, nature and significance of modern sail training in the UK as an educational venture are considered, and providers’ claims in respect of the benefits of participation are scrutinised. The study employs a sociological perspective, and has two main elements. First, the contemporary sail training movement is examined. It is shown to have origins and relations in the historical and cultural context of seafaring, and is located in a relationship to the practices of youth work and adventures education.  An analytic framework of traditions is developed to differentiate the range of approaches identified in a survey of sail training providers in terms of their distinctive origins, value positions and culture, expressed purposes and preferred types of vessel. Case studies of three sail training organisations representative of the main traditions are presented, and it is argued that these distinctive traditions can be understood as ideologies, expressing significantly distinct views of the social world. The second element of the study is an ethnographic account of practice in the main traditions, using observation and interview data from eleven voyages. The findings give attention to the experience of domestic and communal life and to participants’ engagement in technical aspects of seafaring. The problems of living at sea faced by all participants are shown to form an inescapable background to exposure to the tasks and techniques of maritime work. Evidence from the fieldwork is compared with claims by providers regarding the benefits of participation, and it is argued that in its own terms sail training can be successful as an environment for learning to work with others in both the technical and domestic domains. Voyage duration is established as a key variable, and discrepant cases at two levels help to establish both the significance of boundaries, and the limiting conditions for positive outcomes in respect of providers’ claims. The central arguments of the study are, firstly, that sail training expresses implicit ideologies, through the ways power is understood and expressed. Secondly it is argued that it is the creation of an enclosed community or total institution, through the physical and social boundaries of a ship at sea that give the experience of participation its particular character as an environment for learning.
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Livros sobre o assunto "Before 1848"

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History, Center of Military, ed. The regular army before the Civil War, 1845-1860. Washington, D.C: Center of Military History, United States Army, 2014.

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2

Oberly, James Warren. Sixty million acres: American veterans and the public lands before the Civil War. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1990.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Subcommittee on Forests and Public Land Management. Guadalupe-Hidalgo Treaty Land Claims Act of 1998: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Forests and Public Land Management of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Fifth Congress, second session, on S. 2155 ... S. 2503 ... H.R. 2538 ... Espanola, NM, September 26, 1998. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1999.

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Wills before 1858. 2a ed. Solihull, West Midlands: Federation of Family History Societies, 1985.

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McLaughlin, Eve. Wills before 1858. 3a ed. Birmingham: Federation of Family History Societies, 1989.

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McLaughlin, Eve. Wills before 1858. 4a ed. Haddenham: Varneys Press, 1992.

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McLaughlin, Eve. Wills before 1858. 5a ed. Aylesbury: author, 1995.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Minority Business Development Act of 1987: Hearing before the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, One Hundredth Congress, second session on S. 1848 ... March 3, 1988. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1988.

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9

Zion before Zionism, 1838-1880. Syracuse, N.Y: Syracuse University Press, 1985.

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Fretwell, Shela S. Iowa marriages before statehood, 1835-1846. Waterloo, Iowa (2605 Highview Ave., Waterloo 50702): S.S. Fretwell, 1985.

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Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Before 1848"

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Soresina, Marco. "The Italian peninsula in the European revolution: 1848–1849". In Italy Before Italy, 90–117. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge studies in modern European history ; 56: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315122908-4.

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Siemann, Wolfram. "German Society before 1848". In The German Revolution of 1848–49, 13–34. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26910-5_2.

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Soresina, Marco. "Institutions and administrations until 1848". In Italy Before Italy, 18–51. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge studies in modern European history ; 56: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315122908-2.

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Soresina, Marco. "Politics and conflict until 1848". In Italy Before Italy, 52–89. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018. | Series: Routledge studies in modern European history ; 56: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315122908-3.

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Pilbeam, Pamela M. "Socialist Utopians and Reformers before 1848". In Republicanism in Nineteenth-Century France, 1814–1871, 155–84. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23860-6_7.

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Bregnsbo, Michael. "National Regionalisms before Political Ideologies: Schleswig-Holstein in 1848". In Early European Research, 237–56. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.eer-eb.5.121494.

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Herger, Nils. "Banks in the Old Confederation and in Geneva (Before 1848)". In Frontiers in Economic History, 29–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35904-0_3.

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Frevert, Ute. "Feeling Political in Demonstrations: Street Politics in Germany, 1832–2018". In Feeling Political, 341–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89858-8_12.

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AbstractThis chapter focuses on street politics in Germany. Before the establishment of elected parliaments, there were social movements in which citizens united to make public demands for political representation. The practice of democracy in such associations was synonymous with practicing political feelings—democracy involved a high level of emotional excitement and dynamism. The decades preceding the 1848 revolution, the post-revolutionary 1920s and early 1930s (including National Socialist mobilization), and the social movements of the 1970s and 1980s illustrate how emotions served as mobilizing forces and were necessary for sustaining personal involvement and political activism. Yet these examples also shed light on the problematic side of political emotions, which could sometimes block or polarize political debate and obstruct collective action. The more action in the public sphere was defined by passion, the more exclusionary politics could become: this was the argument mounted by early liberalism against women’s political participation.
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Frost, Mark. "Louis Agassiz, Twelve Lectures on Comparative Anatomy Delivered before the Lowell Institute in Boston, December and January 1848–9,, Edition Enlarged". In Environment and Ecology in the Long Nineteenth-Century, 268–75. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429355653-46.

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Baker, Robert. "Professional Medical Ethics, 1848–1875". In Before Bioethics, 168–98. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199774111.003.0007.

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Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Before 1848"

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Dore, Robin K., Jenya Antonova, Huang Huan, Magdaliz Gorritz e Mark C. Genovese. "FRI0077 SHORT DURATION OF CONVENTIONAL SYNTHETIC DISEASE-MODIFYING ANTI-RHEUMATIC DRUGS (CSDMARDS) BEFORE AND AFTER BECOMING A CSDMARD INADEQUATE RESPONDER IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS". In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, EULAR 2019, Madrid, 12–15 June 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-eular.1848.

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Slavický, Tomáš. "Josef Sawerthal´s Reisebericht as a Testimony to the Conditions and Functions of Military Bands in Hungary and Austria before 1848". In Međunarodni i interdisciplinarni simpozij Glazba, umjetnosti i politika: revolucije i restau- racije u Europi i Hrvatskoj 1815.-1860. (14 ; 2019 ; Zagreb). Hrvatska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21857/mnlqgc50zy.

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Boamfa, Ionel. "ELECTORAL PROCESSES IN THE OLT COUNTRY (1300-2020)". In 9th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2022. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2022/s01.003.

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The article aims to highlight the chrono-spatial distribution of electoral processes in the Olt Country (southern Transylvania, Romania), in the last seven centuries. For the medieval era we have information related to the election of members (boyars) of the Superior Seat of Fagara?, an institution of regional autonomy preserved by both the Muntenian rule (before 1462) and the Transylvanian (XVI-XVII centuries), and in the first phase (XVIIIth century), by the Habsburg Court in Vienna too. For the middle of the XIXth century, we have information related to the district elections of the revolutionary year 1848, the municipal elections of 1861, or those related to the Transylvanian Diet of 1863. From the period of the Austro-Hungarian dualism (1867- 1918) the available data are related to legislative and local elections. After the Union of Transylvania with Romania (December 1, 1918), the electoral data refer, both for the interwar period (1919-1939), for the communist regime (1946-1989) and for the years of post-communist democracy (after 1989), both to parliamentary and local elections. The last interval also includes detailed electoral data, at communal level, related to both legislative and local elections. In conclusion, the analysis of the electoral results for the entire interval highlights the presence, mainly among the winners of electoral competitions, of Romanian representatives � including for the period before 1918 � and the "alignment" of the Olt Country, in the last century, to Romanian national trends.
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Paxton, Roland. "A British Perspective on American Civil Engineering Achievement before 1840". In Fourth National Congress on Civil Engineering History and Heritage. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40654(2003)20.

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Gowreesan, Vamadevan, Wayne Greaves, Yogi Pardhi e Karen Barrios. "Microstructural Evolution of Wrought and AM Haynes 188 Under Long Term Thermal Exposure". In ASME Turbo Expo 2022: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-79113.

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Abstract Haynes 188 is a cobalt-based superalloy used in hot section gas turbine components due to its excellent oxidation resistance and elevated temperature stability. Parts made from Haynes 188 are traditionally manufactured from wrought or forged material. Additive manufacturing (AM) may be a less time consuming and more cost-effective alternative, particularly for replacement parts. Additionally, necessary design changes can be quickly introduced into service using additive manufacturing. It is important to understand the effect of long-term thermal exposure on additively manufactured parts before they are put into demanding high temperature applications. Data on the effect of long-term thermal exposure on wrought Haynes 188 is readily available in the open literature. However, such data for additively manufactured Haynes 188 is scarce. This paper discusses an experimental study that investigated the microstructural evolution in wrought and AM Haynes 188 under long-term thermal exposure. Optical metallography and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed on wrought and AM Haynes 188 in the virgin and long-term thermally exposed conditions. Mechanical test samples from the coupons were then extracted and tested in both conditions. Lastly, the fracture surfaces of the mechanical test specimens were evaluated by SEM fractography and metallography of sections through the fracture surfaces. The findings help to understand how long-term thermal exposure affects the microstructure and mechanical properties of wrought and AM Haynes 188. Most importantly, it illustrates a significant difference in microstructural response of the two materials to long term thermal exposure and its effect on mechanical properties.
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Gramcianinov, C. B., R. M. Campos, R. de Camargo e C. Guedes Soares. "Relation Between Cyclone Evolution and Fetch Associated With Extreme Wave Events in the South Atlantic Ocean". In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18486.

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Abstract Extreme wave generation in middle and high latitudes is mainly associated with extratropical cyclones. The wave generation process depends on the size and orientation of the fetch associated with each cyclone, which is usually not taken into account in traditional statistical approaches. A better understanding of the combined effect of the fetch orientation, displacement, and position within the extratropical cyclone can contribute with more accurate wave hindcasts and forecasts, which are crucial to marine operations. The main goal of this work is to investigate the fetch patterns and configurations associated with extratropical cyclones that promote extreme wave events in the western portion of the South Atlantic Ocean. Cyclones are tracked using an objective algorithm and linked to winter extreme Hs events in 10 years of ERA5. The results show the occurrence of 11.4 ± 2.8 storms per winter associated with extreme waves within the domain. Among these extreme events, the maximum and mean Hs was 10.3m and 6.1m respectively. The analysis of the fetch evolution during the lifecycle of the cyclones associated with the 10 most extreme events showed that the surface winds present its maximum usually 12h to 24h before the maximum Hs. The spatial pattern of the most severe events shows the development of a large fetch along the continental shelf, usually within the cold sector of the cyclone.
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Liu, Yi, Kelly Shue, Xin Wu, Zhicheng Li e Yongbo Xu. "Superplasticity and Microstructural Evolution of a Large-Grained Mg Alloy". In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1818.

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Abstract Commercial Mg-3Al-Zn alloys (AZ31) with initial large grains (∼250μm) has been found superplastic at a strain rate of 0.5×10−2s−1 and at 350–500 C. The maximum elongation to failure of 170% at 500°C was obtained. Scanning electron microscope observations with electron back-scattering diffraction technique (SEM-EBSD) indicate that during deformation significant grain size reduction occurred, the average grain size reduced from about 250μm before deformation to about 50μm after deformation at temperatures from 300 C to 400°C, it reduced to about 100μm if deformed at above 400°C. The observed grain refinement at lower temperature and grain growth at higher temperature during the superplastic deformation is believed to be the result of the competing processes between dynamic recrystallization and dynamic grain growth, which are temperature and strain rate dependent. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations indicates that most of the grain boundaries are large-angle grain boundaries, though small amount of small-angle grain boundaries are also observed. The density of dislocations in the grains is very low in these superplasticlly deformed samples. It is evident that grain boundary played a role as the source and sink of the dislocation, being responsible for combined dislocation creep and diffusional creel. Therefore, the very large elongation obtained at the very high strain rates and high temperatures is attributed to dynamic dislocation hardening, recovery and recrystallization.
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DRECQ, D., P. E. BENTEYN, A. du GARDIN e C. BILLMANN. "74 ENGINE SCAVENGING OPTIMIZATION". In Small Engine Technology Conference & Exposition. 10-2 Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan: Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2002-32-1843.

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<div class="htmlview paragraph">Automotive pollutant emissions have been drastically restricted during the last ten years. These emission standards are now concerning small two-stroke engine. In order to reach future emission standard, it is essential to improve the scavenging flow, and especially the trapping efficiency of the engines. It is also interesting to have a tool for predicting the scavenging performances of an engine before the firing engine situation, which takes place late in the time scale of a development. A special test bench has been developed by D2T Group to visualize and quantify the scavenging process. It was also modelled with CFD tools, and a good correlation was observed between calculations and experimentations. This shows a good potential to reduce time and money spent in an engine development.</div>
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Yemula, Chinnaiah, e Kathryn Cope. "1808 An audit of our ADHD service to review assessments before and after starting ADHD medication and to check compliance with NICE guidelines". In Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, Abstracts of the RCPCH Conference–Online, 15 June 2021–17 June 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2021-rcpch.863.

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Vestergaard, Jakob Hedemark, Pradeesh Sivapaleen, Rikke Sørensen, Josefin Eklöf, Imane Achir Alispahic, Anna Von Bülow, Niels Seersholm e Jens-Ulrik Stæhr Jensen. "Depressive symptoms among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease before and after smoking cessation – a Danish nationwide cohort study of 21 184 patients". In ERS International Congress 2020 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.1436.

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Relatórios de organizações sobre o assunto "Before 1848"

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Gómez-Pineda,, Javier G., e Julián Roa-Rozo. A trend-cycle decomposition with hysteresis. Banco de la República, abril de 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1230.

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The business cycle is the cycle in the output gap and also in a stationary measure of trend output. Both the output gap and trend output are driven by joint trend-cycle shocks. The model is a univariate trend-cycle decomposition with hysteresis in trend output that enables the estimation of the output gap and trend output in 81 economies in quarterly frequency, since 1995Q1; and 184 economies in yearly frequency, in several cases since 1950, and in a few cases since 1820. Volatility and dispersion, as well as the frequency of large joint trend-cycle shocks, were low during the Gilded Age period; high during the interwar period, even more so in advanced (AD) economies compared to emerging market and developing economies (EMDE); and low in AD economies and high in EMDE economies in the post WWII period. In contrast with other existing estimates of trend output, those from the trend-cycle decomposition with hysteresis do not evolve smoothly, do not result in an artificial boom before recessions and are less sensitive to new data.
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Kapulnik, Yoram, Maria J. Harrison, Hinanit Koltai e Joseph Hershenhorn. Targeting of Strigolacatones Associated Pathways for Conferring Orobanche Resistant Traits in Tomato and Medicago. United States Department of Agriculture, julho de 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7593399.bard.

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This proposal is focused on examination of two plant interactions: parasitic with Orobanche, and symbiosis with arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF), and the involvement of a newly define plant hormones, strigolactones (SLs), in these plant interactions. In addition to strigolactones role in regulation of above-ground plant architecture, they are also known to be secreted from roots, and to be a signal for seed germination of the parasitic plants Orobanche. Moreover, secreted strigolactones were recognized as inducers of AMFhyphae branching. The present work was aimed at Generation of RNAi mutants of both tomato and Medicago, targeting multiple genes that may be involved in strigolactone production, carotenoid biosynthesis pathway, Pi signaling or other metabolic pathways, and hence affect AMF colonization and/or Orobanche resistance. Following the newly formed and existing RNAi mutants were examined for AMF colonization and Orobanche resistance. At the first phase of this project Orobanche seed germination assays and AMF colonization were examined in intact plants. These assays were shown to be effective and resulted with enhancement of Orobanche seed germination and AMF colonization in WT tomato plants, whereas roots of strigolactones impaired lines did not result with Orobanche seed germination and mycorrhiza colonization. Unexpectedly, root organ cultures (ROC) that were produced from the same wild type (WT) and mutant lines did not induce the Orobanche seed germination and AMFhyphal branching. This implies that under in vitro conditions ROC cultures are missing an important component for induction of Orobanche seed germination and AMFhyphal branching. In another line of experiments we have tested transgenic lines of Medicagotruncatula for AMFhuyphal branching and Orobanche seed germination assays. These lines included lines silenced for a GRAS transcription factor (RNAi 1845), an NBS-LRR type resistance gene (RNAi 1847), a kinase (RNAi 2403) and a protein of unknown function (RNAi 2417). In all cases, five independent transgenic root lines showed altered AMFphenotypes with reduced or aberrant colonization patterns. Following, we transformed tomato plants with the M. truncatulaTC 127050 PhosphoinositidekinaseRNAi construct. Transgenic lines that contained GUS constructs were used as control. All transgenic lines showed reduced level of Orobanche seed germination, masking any strigoalctones-specific effect. The research demonstrated that SLs production may not be examined in ROC –based bioassays. It was shown by the 3 independent assays employed in this project that none of the recognized characters of SLs may be reflected in these bioassays. However, when the whole plant root exudates were examined, SLs activity in root exudates was demonstrated. Hence, it can be concluded that the presence of an intact shoot, and possibly, shoot factors, may be necessary for production of SLs in roots. Another point of interest that rises from these results is that the presence of SLs is not necessary for AMF completion of life cycle. Hence, it may be concluded that SLs are important for AMFhyphal branching, before symbiosis, but not essential for AMF colonization and life cycle completion under ROC system conditions.
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Murray, Chris, Keith Williams, Norrie Millar, Monty Nero, Amy O'Brien e Damon Herd. A New Palingenesis. University of Dundee, novembro de 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001273.

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Robert Duncan Milne (1844-99), from Cupar, Fife, was a pioneering author of science fiction stories, most of which appeared in San Francisco’s Argonaut magazine in the 1880s and ’90s. SF historian Sam Moskowitz credits Milne with being the first full-time SF writer, and his contribution to the genre is arguably greater than anyone else including Stevenson and Conan Doyle, yet it has all but disappeared into oblivion. Milne was fascinated by science. He drew on the work of Scottish physicists and inventors such as James Clark Maxwell and Alexander Graham Bell into the possibilities of electromagnetic forces and new communications media to overcome distances in space and time. Milne wrote about visual time-travelling long before H.G. Wells. He foresaw virtual ‘tele-presencing’, remote surveillance, mobile phones and worldwide satellite communications – not to mention climate change, scientific terrorism and drone warfare, cryogenics and molecular reengineering. Milne also wrote on alien life forms, artificial immortality, identity theft and personality exchange, lost worlds and the rediscovery of extinct species. ‘A New Palingenesis’, originally published in The Argonaut on July 7th 1883, and adapted in this comic, is a secular version of the resurrection myth. Mary Shelley was the first scientiser of the occult to rework the supernatural idea of reanimating the dead through the mysterious powers of electricity in Frankenstein (1818). In Milne’s story, in which Doctor S- dissolves his terminally ill wife’s body in order to bring her back to life in restored health, is a striking, further modernisation of Frankenstein, to reflect late-nineteenth century interest in electromagnetic science and spiritualism. In particular, it is a retelling of Shelley’s narrative strand about Frankenstein’s aborted attempt to shape a female mate for his creature, but also his misogynistic ambition to bypass the sexual principle in reproducing life altogether. By doing so, Milne interfused Shelley’s updating of the Promethean myth with others. ‘A New Palingenesis’ is also a version of Pygmalion and his male-ordered, wish-fulfilling desire to animate his idealised female sculpture, Galatea from Ovid’s Metamorphoses, perhaps giving a positive twist to Orpheus’s attempt to bring his corpse-bride Eurydice back from the underworld as well? With its basis in spiritualist ideas about the soul as a kind of electrical intelligence, detachable from the body but a material entity nonetheless, Doctor S- treats his wife as an ‘intelligent battery’. He is thus able to preserve her personality after death and renew her body simultaneously because that captured electrical intelligence also carries a DNA-like code for rebuilding the individual organism itself from its chemical constituents. The descriptions of the experiment and the body’s gradual re-materialisation are among Milne’s most visually impressive, anticipating the X-raylike anatomisation and reversal of Griffin’s disappearance process in Wells’s The Invisible Man (1897). In the context of the 1880s, it must have been a compelling scientisation of the paranormal, combining highly technical descriptions of the Doctor’s system of electrically linked glass coffins with ghostly imagery. It is both dramatic and highly visual, even cinematic in its descriptions, and is here brought to life in the form of a comic.
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