Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Basé sur la structure"
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Ngo, Ba Hung. "Système de fichiers sémantique basé sur le contexte". Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TELE0008.
Texto completo da fonteOrganizing the information that we call personal files such as files in a home directory, web pages found on the Internet, images, emails for later revisiting is currently required by many computer users. Several information retrieval models are proposed to fullfil this requirement. Each model is characterized by the types of personal files, their organization and the searching method used. Traditional file systems let a user organize his files into a directory tree and retrieve them later by browsing the directory tree. Desktop seach tools such as Google Desktop or Beagle automatically index file properties and file content (keywords) to provide the user with file retrieval by querying on file properties or on file content. Semantic file systems propose a searching method that combines querying with browsing to give to the users the advantages of both searching methods. For informations on the Internet, tagging systems are more and more used to facilitate the re-finding of these Internet ressources. Among personal file characteristics (properties, content, context) exploited by the above retrieval models, the working context of the user has been proved to be relevant to help a user to successfully retrieve his personal files. This work proposes a model for personal file retrieval, called « context-based model for personal file retrieval ». Our model allows a user to associate his personal files with a working context using tags. To retrieve a personal file, the user must describe the working context corresponding to each file. The searching method in our model gives to the users the advantages of both searching methods: browsing and querying. We develop our model by improving traditional tagging models. Based on tag relationships and popularities, we organize tags created by a user into a directed acyclic graph (DAGoT). This DAGoT is used as the basic data model to realize our context-based model for personal file retrieval. We use this graph to recognize working contexts associated to personal files, guide a user to reconstruct his working contexts, refine the searching requests, and retrieve personal files by context
Vigueras-Gomez, Flavio. "Système de réalité augmentée basé sur l'observation de structures planes:conception et évaluation". Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00177040.
Texto completo da fonteLes applications de la RA nécessitent que la scène augmentée soit continuellement mise à jour en fonction des mouvements de la caméra dans la scène.
Il est donc primordial de pouvoir calculer à chaque instant les paramètres de la caméra pour avoir une composition cohérente.
Cependant, les paramètres calculés sont souvent affectés par des fluctuations statistiques, ce qui nuit à l'impression visuelle de la scène augmentée.
Le problème de stabilisation de la caméra a été considéré par Kanatani et Matsuaga qui classifient les déplacements de la caméra par un certain nombre de modèles de mouvement.
Nous avons proposé de poursuivre leurs travaux dans un cadre d'environnements de type multi-planaire et de tester différents critères de sélection de modèles, ce qui a mis en évidence que l'usage de critères impliquant l'information sur la covariance des paramètres calculés améliorait la précision et la robustesse des points de vues calculées.
Idéalement, un système de RA devrait fonctionner dans un environnement sans besoin de préparer la scène.
Dans cette thèse, nous considérons les problèmes du calcul du point de vue et des paramètres intrinsèques de la caméra dans le cadre d'environnements de type mu
lti-planaire.
De telles structures sont très courantes en intérieurs comme en extérieurs et le domaine d'application de nos méthodes est donc assez large.
Nos évaluations expérimentales montrent que les stratégies ici proposées améliorent la précision et la stabilité dans le calcul des paramètres de la caméra et,
par conséquent, la qualité des séquences augmentées.
Potapov, Sergueï. "Un algorithme ALE de dynamique rapide basé sur une approche mixte éléments finis - volumes finis : Implémentation en langage orienté objet C++". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ECAP0534.
Texto completo da fonteHui, Yi. "Development and experimental validation of vibration based damage indicator on a specific twin-wall sandwich structure". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEC032.
Texto completo da fonteStructural health monitoring (SHM) has attracted much attention in many engineering fields like civil, aeronautic, mechanical industry, etc. since it is important to monitor the healthy condition of the operational structure in order to avoid unpredicted structural failure which may have severe consequences. The four-level damage identification process: existence, localization, severity and prediction of damage evolution, can be partly realized if a suitable indicator is chosen. It exists different damage indicators whose application range of frequency spans from vibrational response at low frequencies to the ultrasonic regimes in the mega hertz range.The sandwich structures are widely used in various engineering applications due to its exceptionally high flexural stiffness-to-weight ratio compared to monocoque structures. In this thesis a specified twin-wall sandwich structure in polypropylene was studied and vibration-based indicators were designed by taking use of its relative high damping and propagation directivity characteristics. Numerical investigations on different damage scenarios (i.e., different types of defect and their combinations) and an associated discussion on the range of application were first carried out. Experimental configuration was easily realized with the help of a scanning laser doppler vibrometer (SLDV). Defect was successfully detected by the proposed indicators
Kheirbek, Ammar. "Modèle d'intégration d'un système de recherche d'informations et d'un système hypermédia basé sur le formalisme des graphes conceptuels". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10045.
Texto completo da fonteVigueras, Gómez Javier Flavio. "Système de Réalité Augmentée basé sur l'observation de structures planes : conception et évaluation". Nancy 1, 2007. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2007_0060_VIGUERAS-GOMEZ.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteAugmented Reality (AR) aims to enhance a person's perception of the world by overlaying virtual objects on the real scene. In order to maintain a coherent appearance, augmented images must be updated in real time according to the camera movements into the scene. Camera parameter estimation is often affected by statistical fluctuations, which harms the visual impression of the augmented scene. In this thesis, we concentrate on vision-based camera calibration and we analyse the effects of calibration errors in practical situations in the context of AR. We also propose some calibration techniques for AR applications into planar piece-wise environments. Planar surfaces are quite common both in indoor and outdoor scenes and the applicability of our methods is thus rather broad. Our contributions on this subject concern : 1) Intrinsic camera calibration. We propose some improvements to known planar methods: a multi-planar approach, a statistical weighting of the input data, and some strategies to assist on-the-fly camera calibration. 2) Sequential camera tracking based on planar structures. In order to improve the stability of the camera viewpoint computation, we classify camera movements into motion models by using model selection criteria of adaptive complexity instead of using classical all-purpose criteria. Experimental assessment showed that the strategies we suggest in our work improve the accuracy and stability in camera parameter computation and hence the quality of the augmented images
Frappier, Vincent. "Développement, validation et nouvelles applications d’un modèle d’analyse des modes normaux basé sur la séquence et la structure de protéines". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9468.
Texto completo da fonteDa, Silva Rodrigues Bruno. "Conception et mise en œuvre d'un système matricielle de mesure du pH basé sur une structure FET à grille suspendue". Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S154.
Texto completo da fontePH measurement by integrated microelectronic devices has been developed with the advent of devices like ISFET ( Ion Sensitive Field Effect Transistor). These devices are limited by Nernst law at 60mV/pH of sensitivity. With the development of micro-technology, the production of sensors like SGFET (Suspended Gate Field Effect Transistor) became possible. These structures, realized by surface micromachining and conventional MOS processes, can achieve much higher sensitivity. After a review of different methods of measuring pH and their basic principles, the document describes the manufacturing processes of microelectronics sensors SGFET. Then this work deals with the design and implementation of an automated measurement of pH system. This system is based on sensors SGFET arranged in a matrix. This manuscript presents firstly the various options of sensors bias and in a second part, it develops the system architecture. Finally, first results on matrix are presented. Thus the best measurement protocol to ensure reliability and good sensitivity here is a few seconds duration sampling of the drain current with constant gate voltage and drain voltage. This method has achieved reproducibility in the pH sensitivity and reliability over time that could even lead to measures during a long time on the order of 150 hours. The design of an addressing and automated measurement systeme allowed to take advantage of this matrix aspect by making statistical treatment of measurements leading then to a fully operational system
El, Maani Rabii. "Étude basée sur l’optimisation fiabiliste en aérodynamique". Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAM0017/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe domain of the fluid-structure interaction includes the study of all phenomena presenting the coupling of the motion of a structure with the one of a fluid. The range of the phenomena being studied is very extensive, going from the study of vibrating cylinders in the flow as is the case in the nuclear industry, to vibrating structures in turbulent flows, through the free surface phenomena in reservoirs. However, the complexity of the phenomena studied is reflected by the cost of the prohibitive calculations, which leads us to look for models with the computation time would be more realistic. In this thesis, we will present different models of fluid-structure interaction and we will put forward the model adopted in our study. Reducing the model as well as the optimization of the structures will be introduced into a coupling setting. By introducing uncertainties, the reliability study as well as an optimization based reliability approach will be proposed. The different methodologies adopted will be validated numerically and experimentally compared
Eiche, Antoine. "Ordonnancement temps réel pour architectures hétérogènes reconfigurables basé sur des structures de réseaux de neurones". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00783893.
Texto completo da fontePierrefeu, Amicie de. "Apprentissage automatique avec parcimonie structurée : application au phénotypage basé sur la neuroimagerie pour la schizophrénie". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS329/document.
Texto completo da fonteSchizophrenia is a disabling chronic mental disorder characterized by various symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions as well as impairments in high-order cognitive functions. Over the years, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has been increasingly used to gain insights on the structural and functional abnormalities inherent to the disorder. Recent progress in machine learning together with the availability of large datasets now pave the way to capture complex relationships to make inferences at an individual level in the perspective of computer-aided diagnosis/prognosis or biomarkers discovery. Given the limitations of state-of-the-art sparse algorithms to produce stable and interpretable predictive signatures, we have pushed forward the regularization approaches extending classical algorithms with structural constraints issued from the known biological structure (spatial structure of the brain) in order to force the solution to adhere to biological priors, producing more plausible interpretable solutions. Such structured sparsity constraints have been leveraged to identify first, a neuroanatomical signature of schizophrenia and second a neuroimaging functional signature of hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia. Additionally, we also extended the popular PCA (Principal Component Analysis) with spatial regularization to identify interpretable patterns of the neuroimaging variability in either functional or anatomical meshes of the cortical surface
Sall, Ousmane. "Contribution à la modélisation de données multi-sources de type DATAWEB basé sur XML". Littoral, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010DUNK0284.
Texto completo da fonteEnvironmental data in the Senegal River Valley have been collected for many years from the activities of the various experts and organisms involved therein. These spatio-temporal data display certain specific semantic and structural features depending on the owners. Various systems have been used for the collection and storage of the data, thus, conferring them a structural dimension of heterogeneity, to which a semantic dimension related to them description has been attached, with a proper vocabulary controlled within every organism or expert. In this context, we perform an integration in three phases. First, a structural integration phase, based on the use of XML documents warehouses (called dataweb), allows us to create a warehouse for each agency involved in the project. A second step is to make the integration of these XML documents warehouses by associating a knowledge-base to each warehouse thus constituting semantic dataweb. That is done by an automatic building of OWL ontology starting from XML dataweb and by re-use of the Agricultural Ontology Service. A third mediation phase permits to query in a uniform manner the different semantic dataweb via a web application
Servant, F. "Localisation et cartographie simultanées en vision monoculaire et en temps réel basé sur les structures planes". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00844909.
Texto completo da fonteUrbain, Loi͏̈c. "Analyse structurée d'un contrôleur temps réel de robot basé sur une génération en ligne des trajectoires". Toulouse, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAT0002.
Texto completo da fonteServant, Fabien. "Localisation et cartographie simultanées en vision monoculaire et en temps réel basé sur les structures planes". Rennes 1, 2009. ftp://ftp.irisa.fr/techreports/theses/2009/servant.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteOur work deals with computer vision. The problem of augmented reality implies a real time estimation of the relive position between camera and scene. This thesis presents a complete method of pose tracking that works with planar structures which are abundant in indoor and outdoor urban environments. The pose tracking is done using a low cost camera and an inertial sensor. Our approach is to use the planes to make the pose estimation easier. Homographies computed by an image tracking algorithm presented in this document are used as measurements for our Simultaneous Localization And Mapping method. This SLAM method permits a long term and robust pose tracking by propagating the measurements uncertainties. Works about selection of regions to track and their corresponding plane parameters initialization are also described in this thesis. Numerical and image based experiments shows the validity of our approach
Allard, Luc. "Élaboration d'un indice de qualité des eaux basé sur la structure taxonomique et fonctionnelle des assemblages de poissons des petits cours d'eau de Guyane". Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2960/.
Texto completo da fonteAccording Water Framework Directive, European oversea regions should develop water quality assessment bio-indication tools until 2015. This Phd aims to develop such a Fish-based index for French Guianese streams. Fish sampling and habitat description protocol were developped and tested, and subsequently used during data sampling phases in 2011 and 2012. Data was collected on more than 150 sites encompassing the entire French Guiana territory, and permitted to quantify the impact of anthropogenic disturbances (illegal gold mining and reduced impact logging) on fish assemblages and physical habitats. Those results were then used to build up preliminary Fish-based index for French Guianese streams
Poirier, Yohan. "Contribution à l'accélération d'un code de calcul des interactions vagues/structures basé sur la théorie potentielle instationnaire des écoulements à surface libre". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ECDN0042.
Texto completo da fonteNumerous numerical methods have been developed to model and study the interactions between waves and structures. The most commonly used are those based on potential free-surface flow theory. In the Weak-Scatterer approach, the free-surface boundary conditions are linearized with respect to the position of the incident wave, so the disturbances on the wave must be of low amplitude compared to the incident wave, but no assumptions are made about the motion of the bodies and the amplitude of the incident wave, thus increasing the scope of application. When this approach is coupled with a boundary element method, it is necessary to construct and solve a dense linear system at each time iteration. The high spatial complexity of these steps limits the use of this method to relatively small systems. This thesis aims to reduce this constraint by implementing methods for accelerating calculations. It is shown that the use of the multipole method reduces the spatial complexity in time and memory space associated with solving the linear system, making it possible to study larger systems. Several preconditioning methods have been studied in order to reduce the number of iterations required to find the solution to the system using an iterative solver. In contrast to the fast multiparallelization method, the Parareal time parallelization method can, in principle, accelerate the entire simulation. We show that it speeds up calculation times in the case of fixed floats free in the swell, but that the acceleration factor decreases rapidly with the camber of the swell
Vincent, Hugues. "Développement d'un modèle de calcul de la capacité ultime d'éléments de structure (3D) en béton armé, basé sur la théorie du calcul à la rupture". Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1038/document.
Texto completo da fonteTo evaluate the load bearing capacity of structures, civil engineers often make use of empirical methods, which are often manuals, instead of nonlinear finite element methods available in existing civil engineering softwares, which are long to process and difficult to handle. Yield design (or limit analysis) approach, formalized by J. Salençon, is a rigorous method to evaluate the capacity of structures and can be used to answer the question of structural failure. It was, yet, not possible to take advantage of these theoretical methods due to the lack of efficient numerical methods. Recent progress in this field and notably in interior point algorithms allows one to rethink this opportunity. Therefore, the main objective of this thesis is to develop a numerical model, based on the yield design approach, to evaluate the ultimate capacity of massive (3D) reinforced concrete structural elements. Both static and kinematic approaches are implemented and expressed as an optimization problem that can be solved by a mathematical optimization solver in the framework of Semi-Definite Programming (SDP).A large part of this work is on modelling the resistance of the different components of the reinforced concrete composite material. The modelling assumptions taken to model the resistance of concrete are discussed. And the method used to model reinforcement is also questioned. The homogenization method is used to model periodic reinforcement and an adaptation of this technique is developed for isolated rebars. To conclude this work, a last part is dedicated to illustrate the power and potentialities of the numerical tool developed during this PhD thesis through various examples of massive structures
Charoy, François. "Construction modulaire d'ateliers logiciels sur une structure d'accueil a objets". Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10173.
Texto completo da fonteAbou, Assali Amjad. "Acquisition des connaissances d'adaptation et traitement de l'hétérogénéité dans un système de RàPC basé sur une ontologie". Compiègne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010COMP1876.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis is about the design of a case-based reasoning (CBR) system for classification problems. Our work is currently applied to the diagnosis of the failure of gas sensors set up at industrial sites. We are mainly interested in two CBR aspects: the first concerns the adaptation, which is a key phase in the CBR cycle. This phase aims at producing solutions to new problems by reusing solutions to problems already solved. Adaptation is considered as the bottleneck of CBR systems because it requires domain-specific knowledge which is generally difficult to acquire. The second aspect concerns the treatment of cases heterogeneity that leads to problems at different levels, especially during the acquisition of adaptation knowledge and the retrieval phase. In this thesis, we present our semi-automatic approach to acquire adaptation knowledge from a case base. This approach relies on the techniques of Formai Concept Analysis (FCA). The acquired knowledge can then be refined by users during problem solving sessions. We present also our case alignment approach to treat the problems related to heterogeneity. Case alignment aims to identify the mappings between the attributes of compared cases. We distinguish an alignment based on the similarity between attributes, and an alignment based on the yoles of attributes. Our work has led to the development of COBRA, a platform allowing to construct ontology-based CBR systems
Tetley, Romain. "Analyse mixte de protéines basée sur la séquence et la structure - applications à l'annotation fonctionnelle". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4111/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn this thesis, the focus is set on reconciling the realms of structure and sequence for protein analysis. Sequence analysis tools shine when faced with proteins presenting high sequence identity (≤ 30\%), but are lack - luster when it comes to remote homolog detection. Structural analysis tools present an interesting alternative, but solving structures - when at all possible- is a tedious and expensive process. These observations make the need for hybrid methods - which inject information obtained from available structures in a sequence model - quite clear. This thesis makes four main contributions toward this goal. First we present a novel structural measure, the RMSDcomb, based on local structural conservation patterns - the so called structural motifs. Second, we developed a method to identify structural motifs between two structures using a bootstrap method which relies on filtrations. Our approach is not a direct competitor to flexible aligners but can provide useful to perform a multiscale analysis of structural similarities. Third, we build upon the previous methods to design hybrid Hidden Markov Models which are biased towards regions of increased structural conservation between sets of proteins. We test this tool on the class II fusion viral proteins - particularly challenging because of their low sequence identity and mild structural homology. We find that we are able to recover known remote homologs of the viral proteins in the Drosophila and other organisms. Finally, formalizing a sub - problem encountered when comparing filtrations, we present a new theoretical problem - the D-family matching - on which we present various algorithmic results. We show - in a manner that is analogous to comparing parts of two protein conformations - how it is possible to compare two clusterings of the same data set using such a theoretical model
Malod-Dognin, Noël. "La comparaison structurale des protéines : de la maximisation du recouvrement de cartes de contacts à l'alignement basé sur les distances". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00509142.
Texto completo da fonteMouelhi-Chibani, Wiem. "Apprentissage autonome de réseaux de neurones pour le pilotage en temps réel des systèmes de production basé sur l'optimisation via simulation". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00725259.
Texto completo da fonteMeimoun, Julie. "Développement de résines thermoplastiques sur base amylacée par copolymérisation". Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10128.
Texto completo da fonteThe main objective of this thesis is to modify starch by grafting of polymers of various nature. The final aim of this work is to obtain thermoplastic resins which can form films with interesting mechanical properties to envisage industrial applications. The study was extended to dextrins, in addition to native starch, to avoid the viscosity problems associated with the use of starch during syntheses and to observe the influence of the molar mass of the substrate on the grafting efficiency and on the structural, thermal and mechanical properties of the final product. The grafting of vinyl polymers onto starch / dextrin by radical polymerization of butyl acrylate and / or styrene was studied. Important to quantitative grafting efficiencies (72-98 %) were obtained. Films were formed by thermo-compression when the percentage of grafting is quite high (GP> 70%). The monomers ratio can modulate the mechanical properties of the grafted copolymers. Adding butyl acrylate increases the deformation whereas styrene increases the stress. Then, a new strategie to graft polymers on starch was developed allowing to obtain, after optimization, thermoplastic resins (with a minimum of 50 % starch content) which display competitive mechanical deformation properties compared to oil-based polymers such as polypropylene, poly(butyl methacrylate). These resins are the subject of a patent application
Arizmendi, David. "Simulation numérique par la méthode des éléments finis, de la déformation plastique des cristaux à structure cubique centrée en utilisant un modèle basé sur les mécanismes physiques de la plasticité cristalline". Paris 13, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA132052.
Texto completo da fonteOikonomopoulou, Apostolia. "APPROCHES NUMERIQUES POUR L'ETUDE DU COMPORTEMENT DES STRUCTURES MAÇONNEES ANCIENNES : Un outil basé sur le Calcul à la Rupture et la visualisation graphique". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00493588.
Texto completo da fonteSoiron, Sophie. "Influence de la mécanochimie sur les propriétés structurales et catalytiques d'oxydes de structure type-pérovskite et-spinelle". Amiens, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AMIE0014.
Texto completo da fonteDau, Frédéric. "Un Elément fini C1 de coque à double courbure basé sur un modèle raffiné pour les problèmes linéaires et non linéaires de structures composites". Paris, ENSAM, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENAM0006.
Texto completo da fonteThis work deals with a new doubly curved and C1 finite shell element for linear and non linear analysis of multilayered structures. Based on a conforming finite element method, a new triangular finite shell element is developped :-with an exact geometric description using an explicit map,-based on a refined model to satisfy interlayer continuity for both displacements and transverse stresses, and free edges conditions for the shell, avoiding the use of correction factors, and characterized by : its simplicity to be used, its robustness according to classical numerical pathologies like locking, spurious modes and so on, its capability to correctly predict both displacements, strains and stresses. The previous qualities are demonstrated through numerical tests issued from litterature and by comparing numerical and experimental results. The end of this work is devoted to the programming environment used for our finite element developments
Cardona, Jaramillo Luis Ignacio. "Towards a performance based design of shear walls based on damage criteria = Vers un dimensionnement performanciel des murs de refend basé sur des critères d'endommagement". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8954.
Texto completo da fonteAbstract : Performance Based Design (PBD) methodology, in a deterministic approach, characterizes the performance objectives in relation to the desired performance levels. Performance objectives are associated with the stated damage condition and the seismic hazard level. Despite this rational approach, its application is still difficult and reliable tools for capturing the evolution, distribution and measuring the damage are indeed required. All phenomena related to nonlinearities (materials and deformations) must also be considered. This research shows how the Damage mechanic could contribute to solving this problematic jointly with an adaptation of the MCFT (Modified Compression Field Theory) formulation and other complementary theories. The proposed formulation, adapted for monotonic, pushover and cyclic loads, allows considering the nonlinear shear-related effects coupled with axial and flexural mechanisms. This formulation is specially addressed to nonlinear analysis of concrete structural elements subjected to non-negligible shear effects. This new approach implemented in EfiCoS (a layered damage mechanic based finite element program), including modeling criteria, is also presented here. Calibrations of this new approach comparing the predictions with experimental data were carried out for concrete shear walls as well as for concrete beams and bridge columns where shear effects have to be considered. This new improved version of software EFiCoS demonstrated to be capable of evaluating accurately the parameters associated with the overall performance, such as displacements, the system strength, the effects related to the cyclic response and the magnitude, evolution and distribution of the damage. Remarkable results were also obtained in reference to the appropriate detection of engineering limit states such as cracking, strains, spalling in cover, crushing, local yielding in bars and system strength degradation, among others. As a very useful application tool for PBD, relationships between the predicted damage indices and the performance levels were obtained and expressed as charts and tables. These charts were derived in terms of the drift and the displacement ductility. A particular table was developed to relate the engineering limit states, the damage, the drift and the traditional performance levels. Results have shown a very good agreement with the experimental data, making the proposed formulation and the new version of EfiCoS a powerful tool for the application of the PBD methodology, in a deterministic approach.
Savary, Géraldine. "Impact de la structure de gels composites à base de polyosides sur la libération d'arôme : exemple des bases de fruits-sur-sucre". Dijon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DIJOS033.
Texto completo da fonteThe main objective of this study was to understand the respective role of the structure of a food product and of the physicochemical interactions on flavour release. For that purpose, fruit preparations have been chosen as model matrices. In a first step, two complementary tools were used to characterise the structure of the model matrices: rheology and confocal laser scanning microscopy. To investigate flavour release, an instrumental approach has been favoured in order to study separately the kinetic phenomena that can occur during the release in different conditions. The thermodynamic and kinetic parameters have been used to interpret the release profiles obtained for the different aroma molecules in static and dynamic conditions
Zima, Alexis. "Élaboration d’un outil de suivi et d’optimisation du fonctionnement énergétique d’un bâtiment tertiaire basé sur un modèle thermique analytique simplifié". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC101/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe building field is responsible of about 40% of global energy consumption and a third of world greenhouse gas emissions. It is a main concern subject in climate change issues and fossil fuel independency. The aim of the PhD work is to bring more knowledge about thermal modeling and to create specific tools which are capable of globally optimize the office building energy management. The industrial purpose is associated with its area of expertise, which is advice in energy and ecologic transition. It concerns the difficulty to implement a retrofit action planning. Indeed, for small or middle retrofit actions, the initial study and metrology costs represent over 50% of the overall cost. This down payment induces a long return of investment. Faced with this prohibitive financial parameter, a lot of companies are reluctant to implement this type of actions. The proposed purpose is a solution that drastically reduces preliminary costs. The aspects addressed in this thesis are: the building operation state of art and its associated issues, the creation of reporting and collecting data tool of building operation and performance thanks to a dedicated in-situ measurement network, concomitant with the development of a simplified adjoin thermal model. It facilitates the understanding of its behavior. Then the final aspect are the two steps of optimization. The first is the observable building design and operation parameters with an inverse method, the second is the calculation of optimal energy consumptions. The approach is specifically oriented through the development of tools allowing a facilitated access to energy reduction action for national companies. This should assist the integration of an intelligence for energy optimization for building climatics and thermal equipments or usage. The result could be a new ergonomic man-machine interface for stock building effective management. In the facts, the problem is holistic and cannot be handle sectorally. It is imperative to integrate all the process involved in the building and its use (user behavior). The approach have been oriented to take later into account other parameters than strictly energy, as costs of comfort
Peixoto, Philippe. "Synthèse de nouveaux marqueurs fluorescents basés sur la structure de l'épicocconone pour la détection des protéines". Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00561525.
Texto completo da fonteMalakhovski, Ian. "Sur le pouvoir expressif des structures applicatives et monadiques indexées". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30118.
Texto completo da fonteIt is well-known that very simple theoretic constructs such as Either (type-theoretic equivalent of the logical "or" operator), State (composable state transformers), Applicative (generalized function application), and Monad (generalized sequential program composition) structures (as they are named in Haskell) cover a huge chunk of what is usually needed to elegantly express most computational idioms used in conventional programs. However, it is conventionally argued that there are several classes of commonly used idioms that do not fit well within those structures, the most notable examples being transformations between trees (data types, which are usually argued to require ether generalized pattern matching or heavy metaprogramming infrastructure) and exception handling (which are usually argued to require special language and run-time support). This work aims to show that many of those idioms can, in fact, be expressed by reusing those well-known structures with minor (if any) modifications. In other words, the purpose of this work is to apply the KISS (Keep It Stupid Simple) and/or Occam's razor principles to algebraic structures used to solve common programming problems. Technically speaking, this work aims to show that natural generalizations of Applicative and Monad type classes of Haskell combined with the ability to make Cartesian products of them produce a very simple common framework for expressing many practically useful things, some of the instances of which are very convenient novel ways to express common programming ideas, while others are usually classified as effect systems. On that latter point, if one is to generalize the presented instances into an approach to design of effect systems in general, then the overall structure of such an approach can be thought of as being an almost syntactic framework which allows different effect systems adhering to the general structure of the "marriage" framework to be expressed on top of. (Though, this work does not go into too much into the latter, since this work is mainly motivated by examples that can be immediately applied to Haskell practice.) Note, however, that, after the fact, these technical observation are completely unsurprising: Applicative and Monad are generalizations of functional and linear program compositions respectively, so, naturally, Cartesian products of these two structures ought to cover a lot of what programs usually do
Gagnon, David. "Projet ContextEdit, conception du SMML, une structure électronique de document basée sur les macrostructures de van Dijk". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0017/MQ46650.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteTouir, Ameur. "Etude d'une structure de donnees adaptee a la recherche sur le contenu dans une base de donnees d'images". Paris, ENST, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ENST0015.
Texto completo da fonteTouir, Ameur. "Étude d'une structure de données adaptée à la recherche sur le contenu dans une base de données d'images /". Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb356172801.
Texto completo da fonteAlbina, Jan-Michael. "Études théoriques des couches minces à base d'électrocéramique : effets d'interface et de défauts plans sur la structure électronique". Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2138.
Texto completo da fonteElectroceramic thin-film devices based on perovskite-type oxide compounds have very attractive scientific and technological potentials as alternatives to Si-based functional components in microelectronics. Heterophase systems with film thickness of few nanometers and nearly perfect crystalline structures and compositions can be fabricated by epitaxial growth on single-crystalline oxide substrates, e. G. Via molecular beam epitaxy or pulsed laser deposition techniques. For a predictive design of such heterostructures it is important to have detailed information about electronic states and barriers between the deposited films, the supporting substrates, and the connecting electrodes. First-principles electronic-structure calculations, based on density functional theory and by means of a mixed-basis pseudopotential method, were carried out to investigate mechanical and electronic properties at lattice-matched perovskite/perovskite interfaces. Band offsets between dielectric SrTiO3 films and insulating LaAlO3 substrates, and Schottky barriers between SrTiO3 and conducting SrRuO3 electrodes were calculated and analyzed in terms of different interface terminations and translation states. Futhermore for a semi-coherent SrTiO3/SrZrO3 interface a model using localized misfit dislocations separated by coherent regions was employed to investigate the influence of dislocation cores on electronic energy barriers and on mechanical separation energies. Finally, the impact of extended structural defects on (001), (110), and (111)-oriented planes on the electrical properties of pure SrTiO3 was investigated
Marone-Hitz, Pernelle. "Modélisation de structures spatiales déployées par des mètres ruban : vers un outil métier basé sur des modèles de poutre à section flexible et la méthode asymptotique numérique". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECDM0011/document.
Texto completo da fonteDimensions of spatial satellites tend to grow bigger and bigger, whereas the volume in launchers remains very limited. Deployable structures must be used to meet this contradiction. To expand the offer of possible solutions, the Research Department of Thales Alenia Space is currently studying tape springs as an innovative deployment solution. The first structure to be considered is a telescope that is deployed by the uncoiling of six tape springs that also ensure the positioning of the secondary mirror. Other deployable structures that use the properties of tape springs are under investigation : mast, solar panels,...Specific modeling tools then appear compulsory to model deployment scenarios and multiply the tested configurations. Two previous PhD thesis lead to the development of energetic rod models with flexible cross-sections that account for planar ([Guinot2011])and three dimensional behavior of tape springs ([Picault2014]). This PhD thesis presents several contributions on these rod models with flexible cross-sections. The hypotheses of the model were improved. Re-positioning the reference rod line so that it passes through the sections' centroids leads to results that are closer to experimental scenarios (creation and disappearance of folds in the spring). The hypotheses and equations of the model are now definitively formalized.We have derived the 1D local equations in the three-dimensional behavior case in the most generalist way. Then, the derivation of the equations in simplified cases (restriction to 2D behavior, shallow cross-section) enabled us to obtain several analytic solutions and the equations to implement in the specific modeling tool.We have developed on the continuation software ManLab the first elements towards a home made, efficient modeling tool dedicated to the modeling of tape springs. Two main contributions can be listed :- A generalist tool, efficient in calculus times, to study 1D differential problems (BVP, Boundary Value Problems). The local equations of the rod models with flexible cross sections were implemented in this tool, with a discretization based on polynomial interpolation and orthogonal collocation.- A specific finite element for rods with flexible cross sections and its implementation in ManLab.These elements enabled us to perform several numerical simulations and have a better understanding of the behavior of tape springs thanks to full bifurcation diagrams obtained for significant tests
Gan, Changquan. "Une approche de classification non supervisée basée sur la notion des K plus proches voisins". Compiègne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994COMP765S.
Texto completo da fonteLadeira, Icaro. "Développement d'un solveur rapide et fiable basé sur des formules simplifiées pour évaluer la réponse des supports tubulaires d'éoliennes offshore soumis à l 'impact d'un navire". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ECDN0016.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis focuses on thedevelopment of simplified methodologies toassess the ship collision response of offshorewind turbines (OWT) supported by standalonetubular members such as monopiles and sparfloaters, with the inclusion of elasticcontributions, and the capability to address bothlow and high-energy impactsThe research is divided into two parts. The firstpart concerns the quasi-static elasto-plasticimpact response of typical OWTs. A timesteppingalgorithm was developed based ontheoretical formulations and implemented in astructural solver that is capable of predicting theOWT’s complete deformation process.The second part examines the dynamic elasticresponse of a monopile to a ship impact. Asimplified two-step framework based ontransfer matrices was developed to assess theresponse of the OWT to a given collision load,in particular the RNA acceleration.This thesis was conducted in the framework ofthe ColFOWT project, which aims to develop acomprehensive and rapid assessment tool forship-OWT collisions. The tool will be capable ofmodelling the multi-mechanism energy transferprocess that takes place during a collisionevent, including local and global deformationmechanisms, hydrodynamic effects, andmooring response
Tchekiken, El Hadi. "Estimation de l'orientation 3D du cœur : une approche basée sur l'analyse de la structure spatio-temporelle de l'électrocardiogramme orthogonal". Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0008.
Texto completo da fonteThis work is about the estimation of the 3D orientation of the heart from the orthogonal electrocardiogram. The long term objective is to perform a spatio-temporal ECG-gated echocardiography technique for the acquisition of serial, but comparable images during a stress echocardiography test. We first propose a method for the determination of the position of the successive spatio-temporal QRS and T loops with reference to the body coordinates system. We determine the inertia axes which define a new coordinates system closely related to the loop's preferential space. We then study the spatial and the structural reproducibility of the ECG loops for body posture, respiration and stress. The obtained results have confirmed the beat-to-beat reproducibility and evidenced the correlation between the position of the heart and the spatial position of the ECG loops. Starting from the hypothesis that the QRS and T loops are tied to the heart, we have developed a method to estimate the orientation of any anatomic axis of the heart. For the evaluation, we proposed two approaches which allow the confrontation of the electric and the anatomic positions of the heart. The first approach is based on the spatial determination of echocardiographic planes of the four chambers and the second one on the 3D MRI of the thorax and the heart. The results show that there is a correlation between electric and anatomic positions of the heart. In this work, we also evidenced that our method is suitable for the estimation of the changes of the beat-to-beat orientation of the heart. Hence, we can consider the development of a spatio-temporal ECG-gated echocardiography technique
Koverga, Volodymyr. "Organisation de la structure locale de mélanges liquide ionique/solvant moléculaire : une étude théorique basée sur la dynamique moléculaire". Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10221/document.
Texto completo da fonteMixtures of imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) with perfluorinated anions and dipolar aprotic solvent are promising candidates for electrolytic components used in different electrochemical applications. Current state of technologies requires detailed information on the influence of the mixture composition on the physical and chemical properties of the mixture. This thesis presents a molecular dynamics simulation analysis of the local structure organization of the mixtures of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (C4mim+) ILs with perfluorinated anions (BF4‒, PF6‒, TFO‒, TFSI‒) and dipolar aprotic solvents such as acetonitrile (AN), γ-butyrolactone (GBL) and propylene carbonate (PC). As a first step, the local structure in the neat ILs and molecular solvents has been analyzed. For the set of ILs it was established that H-bonding interactions at the H2 site is strongly enhanced compared to the H4-5 sites in the case of asymmetric and/or strongly basic anions like TFO− or TFSI−. The cation-cation contacts via the aggregation of the butyl chains is much stronger and less anion-dependent than the π+-π+ stacking of the imidazolium rings. For the pure solvent our results show that although the dominant dipole-dipole orientation between a reference molecule and first neighbor is the antiparallel one, while for the subsequent neighbors the antiparallel orientation is gradually weakened in favor of the parallel one. More distant neighbors tend to be parallel to the reference molecule. A deep analysis of the local structure made it possible to identify the presence of weak hydrogen bonds in the selected dipolar solvents. For the mixtures of imidazolium-based ILs the results show that in all the studied IL/molecular solvent mixtures, the distribution of the anion around the cation is not drastically affected in the range of xIL between 1.0 and 0.3 and for further decrease of xIL noticeable changes in the distance characteristics describing the cation and anion hydrogen bonding interactions, occur. These changes are associated with the expected weakening of the cation and anion interactions. These results are in good agreement with the behavior of the 2H chemical shift as a function of xIL. Furthermore, our results point out to the importance of the anion-solvent interactions in describing the local structure in these mixtures
Boissonnault, Marie-Ève. "Saisir les obstacles au transfert des connaissances en milieu de travail: De l'impact de l'identité et des stéréotypes sur la base de l'âge". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28239.
Texto completo da fonteHakiki, Nour Eddine. "Propriétés et structure électronique des films passifs formés sur les aciers inoxydables et les alliages à base de nickel du type Inconel". Rouen, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ROUES006.
Texto completo da fonteMalterre, Daniel. "Influence du désordre structural sur les fluctuations de valence des systèmes à base de terres-rares". Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10177.
Texto completo da fonteDhifli, Wajdi. "Fouille de Sous-graphes Basée sur la Topologie et la Connaissance du Domaine: Application sur les Structures 3D de Protéines". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00922209.
Texto completo da fonteGuca, Ewelina. "Caractérisation structurale de la CTP : phosphocholine cytidylyltransférase de Plasmodium falciparum et identification de composés inhibiteurs basée sur la structure visant à cibler la voie de biosynthèse des phospholipides". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT077.
Texto completo da fonteMalaria remains a major global health problem and the most threatening parasitic disease. Among the 5 malaria species that affect humans, Plasmodium falciparum is the most deadly form. During its life cycle, in erythrocytic stage, which causes all the malaria symptoms, P. falciparum relies on phospholipids to build the membranes necessary for daughter cell development. Approximately 85% of parasite phospholipids consist of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) synthesized by the parasite through the de novo Kennedy pathways. In the pathway of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis, the second step catalyzed by CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase [EC 2.7.7.15] is rate limiting and appears essential for the parasite survival at its blood stage. In this PhD thesis I focus on the structural characterization of this enzyme and the identification of effectors mainly by fragment-based drug design approach (FBDD). The first reported crystal structure of the catalytic domain of the enzyme target (PfCCT) has been solved at resolution 2.2 Å. Four other crystal structures of PfCCT in complex with substrates (CMP, phosphocholine and choline) or product (CDP-choline) have been determined. These structural data give detailed images of the binding pocket and reveal the enzyme structures at all catalytic steps that provide crucial information on the catalytic mechanism at atomic level. The second part of the project present the methods developed to identify potential PfCCT inhibitors. A FBDD approach was used in order to identify and select small molecules (fragments, MW< 300 Da) binding to the PfCCT. A combination of biophysical techniques (fluorescence-based thermal shift assay, saturation transfer difference NMR and isothermal chemical denaturation) allowed the selection of 23 fragment hits from the screenings of fragment library (~ 300 molecules). In parallel in silico screening of larger fragment libraries (~15,000 compounds) resulted in 100 selected hits. Finally, 5 compounds already known to inhibit parasite growth (Malaria Box from Medicines for Malaria Venture) were selected for their inhibition of the recombinant PfCCT activity. The results obtained within this thesis brought important knowledge and structural insights on the catalytic mechanism of PfCCT. Taken together, these results pave the way for future structure-based drug design to target PfCCT and to inhibit the essential phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in P. falciparum
Jaganathen, Yannen. "Vers une description unifiée de la structure et des réactions basée sur le modèle en couches avec états de Gamow". Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN2041.
Texto completo da fonteGamow Shell Model which provides a consistent many-body description of nuclear bound states, resonances and scattering states can be considered an open-quantum-system extension to the standard Shell Model. The model lays the groundwork to a unified theoretical framework for the description of nuclear structure and nuclear reactions through a proper treatment of the coupling to the non-resonant particle continuum. So far used as a tool for nuclear structure studies, this work deals with its generalization to nuclear reactions, and more specifically to elastic and inelastic nucleon-nucleus scattering. We have shown that this model can be used in practical applications and allows a description on the one hand of the target which can be bound or resonant and the other hand the bound, resonant and scattering states of the total system. The first applications of the Gamow Shell Model formalism to proton scattering from 6He halo nucleus are presented in the thesis by the means of finite-ranged schematic interactions. The energy spectra of nuclei are determined, as well as p-6He phase shifts and differential cross sections, both elastic and inelastic (to the excited state of). The convergence of calculated cross sections to the number of partial waves is reviewed; results are compared to experimental data and their sensitivity to the choice of two-body interactions is also investigated
El, Moutaouakkil Abdelmajid. "Approche basée sur le squelette pour la segmentation et l'analyse 2D et 3D des images tomographiques de la structure osseuse". Lyon, INSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ISAL0027.
Texto completo da fonteThe purpose of this thesis is to present segmentation of radiological images of the trabecular bone, and extraction of quantification parameters, characterising the bone structure. Segmentation methods are typically classified in “region” and “edge” approaches. In this study we developed a new “squeleton” based approach, particularly well suited to segment tomographic images of the trabecular bone. First the skeleton of the structure is extracted using a gray levet generalization of binary squeletonisation, and then the skeleton is perpendicularly thickened to detect the total structure. The proposed method is easily adaptable to tomographic images obtained from different radiological systems and performed well. We also introduced several direct methods for the parametrisation of the trabecular architecture such as connectivity, directional and morphometric parameters, which are interpreted and compared with parameters described earlier in the literature. The important influence of the segmentation factors on architectural parameters' measures is clearly demonstrated and quantified. The developed method was calibrated and validated on phantom and anatomical specimens. Generalisation of the methodology for the segmentation and the parametrisation of 3D images were performed
Deheuvels, Olivier. "Compromis entre productivité et biodiversité sur un gradient d'intensité de gestion de systèmes agroforestiers à base de cacaoyers de Talamanca, Costa Rica". Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NSAM0026/document.
Texto completo da fonteCacao (Theobroma cacao, L.) is cultivated in the humid tropics of Latin America, Africa and Asia. Cocoa-based agroforestry systems are the main source of income for smallholders' families and provide numerous ecological services and contribute to biodiversity conservation. These systems associate trees with crops simultaneously, in a wide and poorly described range of botanical and structural plant diversity. The current knowledge about their productivity is restricted to controlled trials with a low numer of associated plant species. Our work tests the hypothesis of a trade-off relationship between the level of cocoa productivity and the level of biodiversity hosted in cocoa-based agroforests. We characterize these trade-offs on a gradient of production situations, based on the vertical structure, the management intensity of the vegetal component and the bio-physical context of cocoa-based agroforests. On the base of a 36 on farm cocoa plots network located in Talamanca, Costa Rica, we show that significant variations in the vegetation vertical structure reflect farmer's management strategies and affect the cocoa yield per tree (295 to 667g/tree/year) but neither the cocoa yield per plot (136 kg/ha/year), nor the global plant volume (400 m3/ha). The variations in vegetation structure poorly affected the α-diversity of 7 plant and animal taxa, but their β-diversity gave contrasted and significant responses to habitat variations. Finally, the trade-offs relationships we display between dry cocoa productivity per hectare or per tree and the observed biodiversity levels showed contrasted forms (cubic, quadratic, linear) and tendances (positive, negative) according to the taxa considered and question results from recent publications. Our work also revealed optimal trade-off situations which offer positive prospects for the ecological intensification of tropical agroforestry systems