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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Balkan Peninsula – History – 20th century"
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Kudryavtseva, Anastasia A. "The Balkan Peninsula in 1912-1913 and the Aggravation of the Situation on the Eve of the First World War". IZVESTIYA VUZOV SEVERO-KAVKAZSKII REGION SOCIAL SCIENCE, n.º 3 (219) (25 de setembro de 2023): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2687-0770-2023-3-92-96.
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The key issues of increasing international tension on the Balkan Peninsula before the First World War are considered. The subject of the study is the Balkan Peninsula, located at the crossroads of civilizations, which has been the sphere of geopolitical interests of various coalitions for thousands of years. The Balkan Wars of 1912-1913 are presented as a pivotal moment in the history of the peninsula in the 20th century. First of all, the process of national liberation of the territories of the Balkans from Ottoman rule, as well as the process of military actions aimed at gaining independence, is considered. The article analyzes the importance played by the countries of the Balkan peninsula during the Balkan Wars of 1912-1913, and also shows the actions of these countries to form the moods they need to achieve the greatest territorial gains. At the same time, the role of the great powers, primarily Russia, in the process of the Balkan conflicts is analyzed. The chronicle of the foreign policy events of the early 20th century related to Russia's participation in the solution of the Balkan issue is researched. On the basis of publications of that time, the existing image of Bulgaria and Serbia is reconstructed, an attempt is made to restore the real picture of the life of these states on the eve of the First World War and its features, to understand the peculiarity of Westernization “in the Balkan way”. The complex of the two Balkan wars of 1912-1913 is considered primarily as a basis for the development of the future conflictogenicity of the region, which led to the First World War.
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Novik, Alexander. "Midwives, Babos Dita and Children in the Ritual Practices of Budzhak and Azov Albanians in the 20th — early 21st centuries". Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology, n.º 5 (31 de outubro de 2023): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.55086/sp235205216.
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The study addresses the status of women involved in childbirth, as well as the role of ritual practices associated with Babin Day (Babos Dita), in the past and present among the descendants of Albanian colonists in Budzhak and the Sea of Azov — with the main focus on the analysis of ways to express gratitude to those who know from the local community. The study aims to identify the conditions and mechanisms for the preservation of archaic beliefs and the entry of innovations into the traditional sphere. The nature of the holiday held in honor of midwives, which is also widely celebrated in the Balkans (primarily in Bulgaria), today does not have a narrowly oriented sexual or gender orientation, but is closely related to fertility. All available options for motivation and scenarios for holding a holiday come from the common root of festive rituals, which is based on the desire to glorify a woman’s ability to bear children. The research, based on the author’s long-term field observations, carried out from 1998 to 2022 both on the territory of Ukraine and Russia, and in the Balkans, allows us to conclude that the Albanians of Budzhak and the Sea of Azov, whose ancestors migrated from the Balkan Peninsula and the islands of the Archipelago in the last quarter of 18th (modern Rostov region) — the beginning of the 19th century (present-day Odessa and Zaporozhye regions), retained the same beliefs and ritual, as well as magical practices, which were largely unchanged from the time of their residence in the area of exodus. The analysis of these practices will help us understand a way to preserve traditions.
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Agafoshin, M. M., e S. A. Gorokhov. "Impact of external migration on changes in the Swedish religious landscape". Baltic Region 12, n.º 2 (2020): 84–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5922/2079-8555-2020-2-6.
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For most of its history, Sweden has been a country dominated by the Lutheran Church, having the status of the official state religion. Starting in mid-to-late 20th century, mass immigration to Europe had a considerable impact on the confessional structure of Sweden’s population. The growing number of refugees from the Balkan Peninsula, the Middle East, and Africa has turned Sweden into a multi-religious state. Sweden has become one of the leaders among the EU countries as far as the growth rates of adherents of Islam are concerned. Immigrants are exposed to adaptation difficulties causing their social, cultural and geographical isolation and making relatively isolated migrant communities emerge. This study aims at finding correlation between the changes in the confessional structure of Swedish population (as a result of the growing number of non-Christians) and the geographical structure of migrant flows into the country. This novel study addresses the mosaic structure of the Swedish religious landscape taking into account the cyclical dynamics of replacement of Protestantism by Islam. The methods we created make it possible to identify further trends in the Sweden’s religious landscape. This study adds to results of the complex sociological and demographic studies of the confessional structure of the Swedish population.
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Blinov, Yevhen. "Topics and problems of modern Ukrainian periodicals in the Balkans (on the example of «Nova dumka» and «Ridne slovo» magazines)". Dialog: media studios, n.º 28 (31 de março de 2023): 32–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2308-3255.2022.28.268484.
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Ukraine is currently undergoing the most severe period in modern history. In this sense, a very important task for the authorities and society is to establish interaction with the civil society of European countries, to strengthen relations with the people of the Balkan Peninsula, with whom Ukrainians are connected by common spiritual and cultural heritage. the descendants of immigrants from Ukrainian lands – Ukrainians and Ruthenians – have been living on the territory of Croatia and Serbia for several centuries. In addition to historical, cultural and political interests, this article has a journalistic scientific interest, because the official periodicals of the Croatian Ruthenians («Nova Dumka») and the Serbian Ukrainians («Ridne Slovo») for the years 2021-2022 are subject to analysis. The analysis of the implementation of the state policy towards the Balkan Ruthenians and Ukrainians based on the research of the periodicals can be useful for the political circles of Ukraine. Studying the cultural activities of representatives of the Ukrainian diaspora in the countries of the former Yugoslavia, scientists also paid some attention to periodicals. At the same time, the recent events in Ukraine that shook the whole world, for obvious reasons, have not yet come into the focus of such scientists. This article is based on the study of the topics and issues of the periodicals «Nova Dumka» and «Ridne Slovo». Genre features were also investigated. A comparative analysis of journalistic tools used by editors and contributors was conducted. The results of the study allow us to draw conclusions about a certain similarity in the construction of periodicals, the coincidence of genre preferences of the authors. The Ruthenian and Ukrainian periodicals also share an interest in such topics as the government’s activities in the field of national minorities, cultural events, the spiritual life of ethnic groups, and the historical memory of Ruthenians and Ukrainians. At the same time, the painful consequences of the war in the Balkans, which took place at the end of the 20th century, were most vividly reflected in the publications in «Nova Dumka». Both periodicals are interested in Ukrainian topics. A sharp surge in the number of relevant publications took place after the beginning of the full-scale invasion of Russia on the territory of Ukraine. Support for Ukraine, sympathy and readiness to help Ukrainian refugees became the leitmotif of publications in «Nova Dumka» and Ridne Slovo» in the winter and spring of 2022. The results achieved during the research allow us to assess the specifics of modern european periodicals, to learn about the peculiarities of the internal politics of the Balkan states, and to draw conclusions about the problems and social attitudes of Ruthenians and Ukrainians in Eastern Europe.
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Grcic, Mirko. "Cvijic's perception of geographical position of Serbia". Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 88, n.º 2 (2008): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd0802003g.
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Jovan Cvijic was a great geographer from the first half of 20th century. In this article, we considered the issue of position and role that Serbia has at Balkan Peninsula, in the context of Cvijic's theory about 'characteristics of integration and permeation', as well as about the opposite 'characteristics of isolation and separation'. This theory has become important in recent time through its relation with the 'center-periphery' theory. The aim of this article is to compare Cvijic's images of the position of Serbia at the first half of 20th century with present situation.
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Bedini, Belina. "Italian Foreign Policy between Albania and the Balkans (1910-1939)". Interdisciplinary Journal of Research and Development 11, n.º 1 (23 de março de 2024): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.56345/ijrdv11n116.
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This paper analyses the dynamics of Italian diplomacy in Albania from the beginning of the 20th century until 1939, when the Fascists occupied Albania. The primary purpose of this paper is to show how the interests of Italy, combined with the political and economic conditions of the country and, more broadly, of the Balkan peninsula, have changed constantly. Considering the Italian and Albanian diplomatic documents and broader literature, this paper will show the dynamics that shaped the development of Italy's foreign policy concerning Albania and the Balkans in the first three decades of the century. Therefore, in the beginning, it will explain why Albania was relevant to Italian interests. In the context of the Balkan wars, Italy shared its interest with the Austria-Hungarian Empire because it aimed also to control the Adriatic Sea. Afterwards, Yugoslavia was one of Italy's rivals on the Peninsula. Being aware that Albania, like other countries in the Mediterranean, enjoys high interest from the great powers, Italy often tried to receive the UK's and France's approval on some of its moves. Hence, international events like the Balkan wars and WWI and Italian and Albanian political leaders did have a relevant role in shaping foreign policy toward the Balkans and Albania.
Received: 19 February 2024 / Accepted: 15 March 2024 / Published: 23 March 2024
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Vukojicic, Snezana, Ksenija Jakovljevic, Sanja Djurovic, Nevena Kuzmanovic, Ivana Jankovic e Vladimir Stevanovic. "Typification of the plant names described by Nedeljko Košanin from the Balkan Peninsula". Phytotaxa 163, n.º 2 (24 de março de 2014): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.163.2.4.
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Nedeljko Košanin was one of the most important Serbian botanists from the beginning of the 20th Century. He dedicated most of his life to investigate the flora of Southern Serbia as well as Albania and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. Since he was working at the Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden in Belgrade, the majority of his collection is deposited in BEOU. While describing new taxa, in most of his publications he did not indicate the holotype. The present study discusses the lectotypification of 7 names published by Košanin alone, or with his contemporaries.
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Tsiamis, Costas, Georgia Vrioni, Effie Poulakou-Rebelakou, Vasiliki Gennimata, Mariana А. Murdjeva e Athanasios Tsakris. "Medical and Social Aspects of Syphilis in the Balkans from the mid-19th Century to the Interwar". Folia Medica 58, n.º 1 (1 de março de 2016): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/folmed-2016-0001.
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Abstract The current study presents some aspects of syphilis in the Balkan Peninsula from the 19th century until the Interwar. Ever since the birth of modern Balkan States (Greece, Bulgaria, Turkey and Serbia), urbanization, poverty and the frequent wars have been considered the major factors conducive to the spread of syphilis. The measures against sex work and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) were taken in two aspects, one medical and the other legislative. In this period, numerous hospitals for venereal diseases were established in the Balkan countries. In line with the international diagnostic approach and therapeutic standards, laboratory examinations in these Balkan hospitals included spirochete examination, Wassermann reaction, precipitation reaction and cerebrospinal fluid examination. Despite the strict legislation and the adoption of relevant laws against illegal sex work, public health services were unable to curb the spread of syphilis. Medical and social factors such as poverty, citizen’s ignorance of STDs, misguided medical perceptions, lack of sanitary control of prostitution and epidemiological studies, are highlighted in this study. These factors were the major causes that helped syphilis spread in the Balkan countries during the 19th and early 20th century. The value of these aspects as a historic paradigm is diachronic. Failure to comply with the laws and the dysfunction of public services during periods of war or socioeconomic crises are both factors facilitating the spread of STDs.
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Iskenderov, Petr. "Balkan railways as a geopolitical factor (1878–1914)". OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2023, n.º 12-2 (1 de dezembro de 2023): 04–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202312statyi31.
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The article is devoted to the geopolitical role of the railways in the Balkans at the beginning of the 20th century. The author analyzes the plans of the great powers as well as the Balkan states. The article is based on unpublished archive documents.
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Velimirović, Ana, Zoran Jovović, Dragan Perović, Heike Lehnert, Sanja Mikić, Dragan Mandić, Novo Pržulj, Giacomo Mangini e Mariella Matilde Finetti-Sialer. "SNP Diversity and Genetic Structure of “Rogosija”, an Old Western Balkan Durum Wheat Collection". Plants 12, n.º 5 (3 de março de 2023): 1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12051157.
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Durum wheat landraces represent a genetic resource for the identification and isolation of new valuable genes and alleles, useful to increase the crop adaptability to climate change. Several durum wheat landraces, all denominated “Rogosija”, were extensively cultivated in the Western Balkan Peninsula until the first half of the 20th century. Within the conservation program of the Montenegro Plant Gene Bank, these landraces were collected, but without being characterized. The main goal of this study was to estimate the genetic diversity of the “Rogosija collection” consisting of 89 durum accessions, using 17 morphological descriptors and the 25K Illumina single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. The genetic structure analysis of the Rogosija collection showed two distinguished clusters localized in two different Montenegro eco-geographic micro-areas, characterized by continental Mediterranean climate and maritime Mediterranean climate. Data suggest that these clusters could be composed of two different Balkan durum landrace collections evolved in two different eco-geographic micro-areas. Moreover, the origin of Balkan durum landraces is discussed.
Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Balkan Peninsula – History – 20th century"
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Herremans, Bertrand. "Guerres de cabinets, ou, Petite histoire de l'impuissance de la Belgique dans la question nationale en Europe centrale, orientale et balkanique, 1918-1924". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210650.
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La thèse aborde les interrogations, les positions de principe, les ambitions et les réalisations bien plus modestes de la diplomatie belge, en interaction avec les milieux politiques et une partie de la société du temps, quant à la question des nationalités en Europe centrale, orientale et balkanique (1918-1924). Les sept pays retenus sont la Pologne, la Tchécoslovaquie, l’Autriche, la Hongrie, la Yougoslavie, la Roumanie et la Bulgarie.
Par question des nationalités, il faut entendre trois aspects indissociables :la question de la modification des frontières dans cette partie du Vieux Continent (disparition des empires au profit des Etats précités), celle des territoires disputés entre lesdits Etats et enfin celle des minorités nationales.
Pour expliquer les différentes postures de chacun, l’étude envisage une multitude de facteurs de politique intérieure ou extérieure, principalement les peurs du socialisme et du séparatisme, mais aussi la question des rapports des individus (psychologie) et des groupes (cercles de connaissances, partis,…).
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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MEZGER, Caroline. "Youth, nation, and the national socialist mobilization of ethnic Germans in the Western Banat and the Batschka (1918-1944)". Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/43278.
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Defence date: 8 September 2016Examining Board: Professor Laura Lee Downs, European University Institute (Supervisor) ; Professor Pieter M. Judson, European University Institute (Second Reader) ; Professor Doris Bergen, University of Toronto ; Professor Tara Zahra, The University of Chicago
This dissertation investigates the National Socialist mobilization of ethnic German ("Donauschwaben") children and youth in two multiethnic, post-Habsburg borderland territories: the Western Banat and the Batschka. Weaving together archival materials, the contemporary press, and original oral history interviews, it traces the evolution of boys' and girls' extra-curricular youth organizations from the Habsburg Empire's 1918 collapse to the ethnic Germans' 1944 "expulsion" from the region. Focusing initially on the interwar period, the dissertation shows how Yugoslavia's ethnic German educational activists quickly framed their demands on national terms. From the 1920s onwards, secular and religious authorities thereby attracted Germany's attention and aid, giving rise to a "nationalization" of local concerns and a politicization of youth. Curricular frustrations, however, spurred extra-curricular solutions: from the 1930s, Donauschwaben youth became a bone of contention between Catholic, Protestant, pro- Reich, anti-Reich, and Yugoslavist youth organizations, each of which promulgated its own visions of "Germanness." Turning to the years between 1941 and 1944— when the Batschka became Hungarian-occupied, and the Western Banat a semi-autonomous, Reich-occupied territory under ethnic German administration— this dissertation deploys a comparative and multiscalar approach in order to explore the experiences of Donauschwaben children and youth under divergent occupational regimes. In the Banat, the curricular, extracurricular, and military domains meshed to coerce all ethnic German youth into the pro- Nazi "Deutsche Jugend," extinguishing any non-Nazi "national" alternatives; in the Batschka, Hungarian nationalization projects, Catholic activism, and the Third Reich's imperial ambitions continued to compete over the Donauschwaben's loyalty, shattering communities over diverse conceptions of "Germanness." In both regions, the majority of youth ultimately joined National Socialist organizations, thus becoming agents of their own, and their peers', nationalization, actors in local inter- and intra-ethnic conflict, and soldiers in Nazi Germany's devastating military campaigns.
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DJAJIC, HORVATH Aleksandra. "Balkan transgressions :representing the figure of the man-woman, 1850s to today". Doctoral thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5787.
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Defence date: 28 October 2005Examining board: Prof. Marcus Banks, Oxford University, UK ; Prof. Victoria de Grazia, EUI/Columbia University, USA (supervisor) ; Prof. Robert M. Hayden, University of Pittsburgh,USA ; Prof. Regina Schulte, EUI/Bochum Universität, Germany (co-supervisor)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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IANEVA, Svetla. "L'artisanat et les corporations de metier dans la partie centrale des Balkans pendant la premiere moitie du XIXe siecle". Doctoral thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5841.
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Defence date: 24 February 1997Examining Board: Prof. Fikret Adanir, Université de Bochum ; Prof. Heinz-Gerhard Haupt, Université de Halle ; Prof. René Leboutte, Institut Universitaire Européen ; Prof. Michael G. Müller, Université de Halle (directeur) ; Prof. V. Paskaleva, Institut d'Histoire de l'Académie Bulgare des Sciences
First made available online on 31 January 2017.
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KAISER, Hilmar. "Baghdad railway politics and the socio-economic transformation of the Cukurova". Doctoral thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5851.
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Defence date: 9 April 2001Examining board: Prof. Friket Adanir, University of Bochum ; Prof. René Leboutte, University of Aberdeen ; Prof. Michael Müller, Universität Halle (supervisor) ; Prof. Raffaele Romanelli, EUI
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
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Pavils, Janice Gwenllian. "ANZAC culture : a South Australian case study of Australian identity and commemoration of war dead / Janice Gwenllian Pavils". Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/22186.
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"December 2004"Bibliography: leaves 390-420.
vii, 420 leaves : ill., maps, photos. (col.) ; 30 cm.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, School of History and Politics, Discipline of History, 2005
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Pavils, Janice Gwenllian. "ANZAC culture : a South Australian case study of Australian identity and commemoration of war dead / Janice Gwenllian Pavils". 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/22186.
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"December 2004"Bibliography: leaves 390-420.
vii, 420 leaves : ill., maps, photos. (col.) ; 30 cm.
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, School of History and Politics, Discipline of History, 2005
Livros sobre o assunto "Balkan Peninsula – History – 20th century"
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Charles, Jelavich, Jelavich Barbara, Sugar Peter F e Treadgold Donald W, eds. A history of East Central Europe. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1986.
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Nielsen, Jørgen S. Religion, ethnicity and contested nationhood in the former Ottoman space. Leiden: Brill, 2012.
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Jelavich, Charles. The establishment of the Balkan National States, 1804-1920. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1986.
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1967-, HAMMOND ANDREW. British literature and the Balkans: Themes and contexts. Amsterdam: Editions Rodopi, 2010.
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Fine, John V. A. The early medieval Balkans: A critical survey from the sixth to the late twelfth century. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1991.
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A, Fine John V. The late medieval Balkans: A critical survey from the late twelfth century to the Ottoman conquest. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1994.
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A, Fine John V. The late medieval Balkans: A critical survey from the late twelfth century to the Ottoman Conquest. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1987.
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A, Fine John V. The late medieval Balkans: A critical survey from the late twelfth century to the Ottoman Conquest. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1994.
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Krŭstʹo, Manchev, Grigorova Zhorzheta, Bobev Bobi e Institut za balkanistika (Bŭlgarska akademii︠a︡ na naukite), eds. Natsionalni problemi na Balkanite: Istorii︠a︡ i sŭvremennost. Sofii︠a︡: Arges, 1992.
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Mitev, Plamen, Ivan Parvev, Vani︠a︡ Racheva e Maria Baramova. Power and influence in South-Eastern Europe, 16th-19th century. Zürich: Lit, 2013.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteCapítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Balkan Peninsula – History – 20th century"
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Wachtel, Andrew Baruch. "The Medieval Balkans". In The Balkans in World History, 29–50. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195158496.003.0003.
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Abstract From the sixth century until the beginning of the Ottoman conquest of the Balkans in the latter half of the fourteenth century, the final “permanent residents” of the Balkan Peninsula migrated to the region. These were the Slavs—most important because eventually most numerous—but also the Turks (first Bulgars, a small warrior elite that led a group of Slavs into the Balkans in the sixth century, and then Ottomans) in the south and east, Magyars (Hungarians) in the north, and finally the Roma (Gypsies), who would eventually spread over the entire peninsula. These peoples joined those already present in the region—the Greeks, the Illyrians (likely ancestors of the Albanians), and the Romanized Dacians (ancestors of the Romanians and, probably, the Vlachs). Although there would be a great deal of mixing among these peoples over the centuries as well as many conflicts between them, the ancestors of all the modern Balkan nations were thus present by the end of the medieval period.
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Wachtel, Andrew Baruch. "The Long Nineteenth Century (1775—1922)". In The Balkans in World History, 72–96. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195158496.003.0005.
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Abstract In 1775 the Balkan Peninsula was ruled by three empires. The Ottomans still controlled the lion’s share, though they had permanently lost Transylvania, Croatia, and Vojvodina to the Austrian Habsburgs by 1774. The Adriatic coast north of Albania was, for the most part, Venetian territory. Exceptions were the small merchant republic of Ragusa (Dubrovnik), whose precarious liberty was sustained by artful diplomacy, and Montenegro, where proud clans eked out a semi-independent existence on mountainous territory too poor to be worth subduing. By 1923, these three empires were a memory, and the political map of the Balkans had been transformed by the appearance of new states named for the peoples who dominated them: Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Romania, Turkey, and the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes. Although nation builders throughout the region proudly pointed to classical and medieval ancestors for the nascent Balkan states, the models on which they were based had actually been imported recently from Western Europe. Particularly important was the concept of the nation, defined primarily by shared linguistic and secondarily by cultural, historical, and/or religious features, and now perceived as the proper unit around which states should be organized. This view of the necessary congruence between state and nation did not fit comfortably with the political traditions of the region or with the reality of highly diverse communities.
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Dziekoński, Mieczysław. "Najbliższe peryferie języka chorwackiego i cywilizacji: Chorwacka diaspora w Trieście". In Periferno u hrvatskom jeziku, kulturi i društvu / Peryferie w języku chorwackim, kulturze i społeczeństwie, 349–55. University of Silesia Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/pn.4038.20.
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Modern-day Trieste keeps following its tradition by maintaining its status of a border city for the Roman and Slavic civilization. For the new Croatian settlers who began to play an essential role from XIX century onwards the city was a window to the world and an attractive place for the contact with the European civilization. As the Croatian diaspora had to make difficult experiences in the 20th century as well as socio-political changes after 1990, especially on the Balkan Peninsula (the fall of communist regimes, the establishment of new structures of the European Union) substantially changed the relationship between Croats and Italians.
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Gerd, Lora. "On the Way to Church Independence: “Peaceful Revolutions” in the Balkans and Middle East in the 19th and Beginning of the 20th Century". In 1821 in the History of Balkan Peoples (On the 200th anniversary of the Greek Revolution), 215–26. Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences; Hellenic Cultural Center, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/0469-5.13.
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The 19th century is a period of gradual disintegration of the European territories of the Ottoman Empire and creation of independent states first in the Balkans, and later in the Middle East. The most important factor in the national and political liberation movements was the struggle for church independence. The chapter focuses on the analysis and comparison of different methods and forms of ecclesiastical and political struggle among the Orthodox peoples of the Ottoman Empire. Sometimes the political independence preceded the church autocephaly, sometimes, on the contrary, the church independence was ahead of the political one. A special case was the arabization of the Patriarchate of Antioch in terms of the traditional church structure. Special attention is paid to the role played by the Great Powers, and first of all by Russia in the context of its Middle East policy and political ideology.
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Ruiz-Redondo, Aitor, e William Davies. "Introduction: Current Relevance and Future Potential of South-eastern Europe in Palaeolithic Research". In The Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherers of South-Eastern Europe, 1–14. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/9780197267509.003.0001.
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Abstract The Balkan Peninsula has acted as a crossroads between Asia and Europe throughout human history. Different waves of prehistoric human migration passed through this territory over time (Homo erectus, Homo heidelbergensis, Homo neanderthalensis, Homo sapiens, early farmers…). Probably this important role boosted the early archaeological explorations in the area, and, perhaps, is still behind the recent ‘blossoming’ of research projects and key discoveries. Nevertheless, South-eastern Europe was more than a mere ‘corridor’ for some prehistoric groups, who made this area their home. The exceptional nature of a number of sites and discoveries points to this fact. In this introduction, we summarise the history of Palaeolithic research from the early discoveries in the 19th century to the latest breakthroughs. The latest developments and the archaeological potential of this territory anticipate a promising future for Early Prehistoric research in South-eastern Europe.
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Ruiz-Redondo, Aitor, e William Davies. "Introduction: Current Relevance and Future Potential of South-eastern Europe in Palaeolithic Research". In The Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherers of South-Eastern Europe. Oxford: British Academy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197267509.003.0001.
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Abstract The Balkan Peninsula has acted as a crossroads between Asia and Europe throughout human history. Different waves of prehistoric human migration passed through this territory over time (Homo erectus, Homo heidelbergensis, Homo neanderthalensis, Homo sapiens, early farmers…). Probably this important role boosted the early archaeological explorations in the area, and, perhaps, is still behind the recent ‘blossoming’ of research projects and key discoveries. Nevertheless, South-eastern Europe was more than a mere ‘corridor’ for some prehistoric groups, who made this area their home. The exceptional nature of a number of sites and discoveries points to this fact. In this introduction, we summarise the history of Palaeolithic research from the early discoveries in the 19th century to the latest breakthroughs. The latest developments and the archaeological potential of this territory anticipate a promising future for Early Prehistoric research in South-eastern Europe.
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Nikitina, Tatiana. "The Greek Revolution of 1821 and Its Significance for the National Liberation Movement of the Greeks in the Ottoman Lands at the Beginning of the 20th Century". In 1821 in the History of Balkan Peoples (On the 200th anniversary of the Greek Revolution), 227–44. Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences; Hellenic Cultural Center, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/0469-5.14.
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The chapter examines the influence of the Greek revolution of 1821 on the national liberation movement of the Greeks in the Ottoman lands at the beginning of the twentieth century. The nation building among the Greeks was a long process; the beginning was laid in 1830, and the last lands inhabited by them were annexed only after the Second World War (the Dodecanese Islands in 1947). For more than 100 years, the struggle of the Greeks living on the territory of the Ottoman Empire for reunification with Greece endured. There were movements in Thessaly, Epirus, Crete, and Macedonia. The national liberation movement was especially active in the early twentieth century in Macedonia and Crete. In Macedonia, with its diverse ethnic composition, the national interests of the Balkan countries, many of which considered a significant part of Macedonia as their ancestral territory, collided. The great powers, for which this region was of strategic importance, were also involved in the conflict in Macedonia. Based on the status quo policy in the Balkans, the European powers put forward a project of reforms in Macedonia on the basis of preserving the supreme power of the Ottoman Empire. During the reforms, Greece supported them on the one hand, and on the other, unofficially supported armed detachments that went to Macedonia to support their fellow tribesmen. The “Thessaloniki Organization” created by Greece was a secret society built on the principle of “Filiki Eteria” of the period of the revolution of 1821. At the beginning of the twentieth century, a powerful national liberation movement unfolded in Crete. In 1905, an insurrection led to a change of the island’s governor, and in 1908, the Cretans proclaimed the reunification of the island with Greece. However, the great powers did not allow this. The final reunification of Crete with Greece took place only during the Balkan Wars, after which most of the Ottoman lands were annexed to Greece.
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Erickson, Jennifer. "Histories, Assemblages, and the City". In Race-ing Fargo, 26–56. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501751134.003.0002.
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This chapter discusses the histories of North Dakota, Bosnia Herzegovina, and South Sudan. It talks about the North Europeans that settled in the region in the 1860s, how the Dakota territory was formed, the Dakota War of 1862, how Fargo turned into a settlement in 1871, the Dawes General Allotment Act, and how North Dakota turned into a state. It also talks about the Balkan Peninsula and how the region changed throughout history. The chapter discusses how Western Europeans portrayed Balkans as having a handicap of heterogeneity. It also talks about the former Yugoslavia, how it was formed, how it was able to recognize ethnic and religious diversity by downplaying social factors such as gender, ethnicity, religion, level of wealth, and age in political identity and in participation of “Yugoslav identity,” the slow end of the socialist state, the wars the ensued after the death of Josip Broz Tito, and how this divided the country. The chapter also discusses Sudan and how the British tried to control anticolonial sentiments through the policies they implemented and by encouraging missionary work. It talks about refugees, its definition given by the United Nations, the Refugee Act of 1980 signed by President Carter, refugee resettlement and how it brought post-socialist and post-colonial people and practices to Fargo. Finally, the chapter talks about how the surge in refugee resettlement at the turn of the century made refugees more visible and shed light on these global assemblages.
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Bolton, Sony Coráñez. "Filipinx Negrito : Black Mestizaje and Transpacific Intimacies in Jessica Hagedorn’s Dogeaters and José Rizal’s Filipinas dentro de cien años". In Migrant Frontiers, 59–78. Liverpool University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781802070514.003.0004.
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This chapter discursively broaches the question of global migration by placing the transatlantic in conversation with the transpacific. In order to reevaluate Spain and Portugal’s colonial legacies and their relevance for contemporary migratory flows to and from the Iberian Peninsula, Bolton highlights the importance of the Hispanic Philippines as a case study whose marginal positionality can illuminate the center. The prioritization of such a margin, located in the “Oriental” excesses of the Spanish colonial legacy is crucial to a consistent and productive interrogation of “broader histories of migration and displacement” as prioritized in this edited anthology. By addressing this dynamic, Bolton critically engages the afterlife of the political economy of slavery and anti-blackness, arguing that Hispanic and US American imperial racialization of “Asia” accretes meaning and power through a transnational solidification of anti-blackness. Blackness, however, always recedes from the horizon of thinkability. Therefore, in considering the recession of blackness and how this conditions Asian racialization, Bolton situates the Hispanic Philippines within the longue durée of US and Spanish imperialism into the 20th century by placing two texts in conversation with two crucial “global” moments in Philippine history
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Van de Noort, Robert. "Fish: exploring the sea as a taskscape". In North Sea Archaeologies. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199566204.003.0009.
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Food and social identities are closely connected. The idea that ‘to be Mesolithic is to be a fisher’, with all the connotations that differentiate the Mesolithic fisher from the Neolithic farmer, characterizes some of the debates that are ongoing (e.g. Thomas 2003). Food and social identities are connected, especially in the case of societies of fishermen, for example in the wearing of distinctive national dress by the female relatives of fishermen in the Netherlands in the 19th and first half of the 20th centuries (see chapter 2). However, we should not forget that fishing as a full-time occupation appears in the North Sea only around the 15th century AD, and that before that date fishing was only ever a part of people’s occupation and social identity (Kirby and Hinkkanen 2000; Fox 2001). Nevertheless, to be a successful fisher required skill, tools and knowledge of the tides and the movement of fish. All these created distinctive taskscapes where people’s daily engagement with the sea followed the rhythm of the tides, rather than that of the sun. This chapter considers the North Sea as a taskscape, focusing on the long history of fishing and fish consumption, and the current debates on the importance of fishing in our prehistoric and historic past. It presents a short overview of the role of fishing in the North Sea from the Mesolithic through to the 15th century AD, and the tools and craft used for this. Using anthropology and oral history research, the distinctive identities formed by fishing communities will be considered, and the chapter will ask whether this distinctiveness has a long heritage, or is of more recent date. The earliest indirect evidence for the use of marine resources in the North Sea basin goes, possibly, back to the tenth millennium cal BC. The zoo-archaeological evidence from the Galta peninsula in present-day south-west Norway, where flint points of the Ahrensburg complex have been discovered in redeposited beach sediments, has already been introduced (chapter 3; Prøsch-Danielsen and Høgestøl 1995). This evidence has been invoked to argue that south-west Norway was suited to reindeer hunting at the end of the Younger Dryas stadial, or very early Holocene.
Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "Balkan Peninsula – History – 20th century"
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Малышев, А. А. "THE ABRAU PENINSULA IN THE ROMAN PERIOD". In Hypanis. Труды отдела классической археологии ИА РАН. Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2021.978-5-94375-350-3.147-170.
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Находка в начале 20 века среди античных развалин в урочище Широкая Балка бюста царицы Динамии вызвала интерес к местности между Анапой и Новороссийском. Она свидетельствовала о значимости этого региона в истории Боспорского государства в бурное раннеримское время, которое, как известно, заложило основу боспорской экономической и политической системы этого периода. Дальнейшие археологические исследования подтвердили, что эта территория, наряду с регионом в устье Дона, является одним из периферийных районов Азиатского Боспора. В статье систематизированы материалы по истории и археологии юго-восточной периферии Азиатского Боспора с 1 в. до н. э. по 4 в. н. э. Ведущая роль в истории региона, который получил название п-ова Абрау, на протяжении всего античного периода принадлежала Горгиппии, расположенной в северной части полуострова, в обширной Анапско-Натухаевской долине. Южную часть п-ова Абрау отличает более сложный ландшафт: ее веером разрезают долины рек, которые берут начало на Гудзевой горе и ее отрогах. Археологические ма териалы позволяют выделить два локальных варианта (региона): обширный континен тальный и прибрежный, который протянулся узкой полосой на 50 км от Цемесской бухты до хребта Семисам. О местоположении и значимости политических и экономических центров (Раевское и Верхнегостагаевское гороищаща, поселения в долине реки Мысхако и в Широкой Балке) можно судить на основе археологических материалов. Нумизматические материалы стали не только основой периодизации, но и одним из основных источников по истории развития экономической и политической ситуации в регионе. Комплекс археологических материалов (распространение традиций сыр цово-каменной архитектуры и античных приемов хозяйствования) свидетельствует об интенсивной внутрибоспорской колонизации п-ова Абрау в раннеримское время (1 в. до н. э. – середина 1 в. н. э.), которая происходила на фоне резкого сокращения поселений на горгиппийской хоре и сопровождалась повсеместным вытеснением аборигенного населения выходцами из соседнего Прикубанья. В частности, практически во всех долинах п-ова Абрау обнаружены сырцово-каменные постройки с мощными (шириной 1,5–1,7 м) стенами. Установлено, что большая часть изменивших культурный ландшафт региона башен-усадеб все же связана с Анапско-Натухаевской долиной. Среди культурных остатков рубежа эр в пребывающей тогда в запустении Горгиппии было исследовано многоуровневое сырцово-каменное сооружение (дом 60), которое совмещало функции фортификационного сооружения и жилого комплекса. Совокупность находок (пахотные орудия, серпы, жернова) в башенных сооружениях Анапско-Натухаевской долины свидетельствует о значительной роли зернового хозяйства в экономике ее жителей. Античные терракоты (статуэтки женских божеств, герма Приапа) подчеркивают связь с античными традициями в земледелии. Менее очевидна земледельческая специализация обитателей башенных сооружений в долине реки Цемес. В дальнейшем, в римское время, античные традиции постепенно приходят в упадок. Экстенсивные методы хозяйствования повлекли за собой и определенную деградацию системы расселения. The find at the beginning of the 20th century of the bust of Queen Dynamia among the ancient ruins of the site of Shyrokaya Balka attracted scholars’ interest to the territory between Anapa and Novorossiysk. The find testified to the importance of the region in the history of the Bosporan state in the turbulent Early Roman period when the background of Bosporan political and economic system was formed. Further archeological investigations proved that this territory had been one of the peripheral regions of the Asian Bosporos along with the mouth of the Don river. The article presents a systematic survey of history and archaeology of the Asian part of Bosporos from the 1st century BC to the 4th century AD. The leading part in the ancient history of the region, named after the Abrau peninsula belonged to Gorgippia in the North side of the peninsula in the vast Anapa – Natukhaevo valley. The landscape of the Southern part of the Abrau peninsula is more complicated: it is cut by river valleys starting from Guzdevaya mount and its spurs. Archaeological materials allow to distinguish two local versions: continental and coastal, a 50 km stripe from the Tsemesskaya bay to the Semisam range. Archaeology allows to fix the location and the significance of the local centers of economy (Raevskoe and Verhnegostagaevskoe sites, settlements in the Myskhako river valley and Shyrokaya Balka). Numismatic finds not only verified local chronology, but became the main source for the study of the economic and political development of the region. Archaeological materials testify intensive Bosporan colonization of the Abrau peninsula in the Early Roman time (1st century BC – mid-1st century AD) resulting in the noticeable reduction of the number of settlements in the Gorgippeankhora and the replacement of the aboriginal population by the newcomers from the neighbouring Kuban area. In particular, in all valleys of the Abrau peninsula there are structures of mud-brick and stone with thick (1,5–1,7 m) walls. It is evident that the majority of these tower-farmsteads affecting the cultural landscape of the region belong to the Anapa–Natuhaevskaya valley. Among the structures dating to the verge of the eras in Gorgippia, at that time partly deserted, there is a multi-level mud-brick and stone structure (building 60) combining functions of a defensive structure and a dwelling. The complex of finds (agrarian instruments, sickles, grinding stones) within the towers testify to the prominent role of grain production in the economy of the natives. Terracotta figurines (female deities, herm of Priapus) confirm the ties with ancient agrarian traditions. In the Tsemes river valley the ties of the tower-dwellers with the these traditions are less evident.
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Goryaev, Sergey, e Olga Olshvang. "Balkan motifs in Russian urbanonymy: “Romanian” and “Bulgarian” street names". In International Conference on Onomastics “Name and Naming”. Editura Mega, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30816/iconn5/2019/37.
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The paper discusses some names of the Russian urban space, mainly street names, referring to the ethnonyms Romanian and for comparison Bulgarian, as well as to the names of the capitals of these countries and certain geographical objects, e.g., улица Румынская ‘Romanian street’ (the city of Astrakhan), Болгарский городок ‘Bulgarian town’ (a district in the city of Novokujbyshevsk), Софийский переулок ‘Sophia lane’ (the city of Shimanovsk), shopping center “Bucharest” (Moscow). The appearance of such names in the Russian onomasticon reflects the historical relations between Russia and the mentioned Balkan peoples, their common political history in the 20th century and, in a broader sense, the ways of manifestation of multiculturalism, not related to the global westernization of modern culture.
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Georgieva, Teodora. "THE HISTORY OF THE DUBROVNIK AND BRASOV TRADING ON BULGARIAN LANDS, ACCORDING TO THE CYRILLIC SOURCES (13TH–14TH C.)". In THE PATH OF CYRIL AND METHODIUS – SPATIAL AND CULTURAL HISTORICAL DIMENSIONS. Cyrillo-Methodian Research Centre – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59076/2815-3855.2023.33.20.
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From the end of 12th c. and the first half of 13th century, the Dubrovnik merchants steadily directed their economic interests to the inland of the Balkan Peninsula and purposefully developed overland trade. With the Dubrovnik charter (1230), the agricultural relations between the Bulgarian State and Ragusa were officially granted regulation. The relationship between Bulgarian and Dubrovnik had grown even in the 352 50s of the 13th century, under the reign of Michael II Asen. Trade-Economical and political contacts found their way into the newly written official document on the 15th of June 1253. This act established the release of paying kommerkion, which income to the fisc would be considered high. This way rights of the Bulgarian representatives were regulated, realizing trading on the land of Ragusa. Shown bilateral relations between Bulgaria and Dubrovnik reflect political and economic processes occurring in the Balkans during the first half of the 13th century. The amplified participation of foreign merchants, firstly the people from Dubrovnik then continued with people from Venice and Genoa, allowed the Bulgarian country to join in on the international trade. The said liveliness in the trade gave decent economic growth for the country and generated said financial resources. The relationship between the two countries continued for a hundred more years, especially with the Vidin kingdom of Joan Stratsimir. Vidin acted as a bridge linking Ragusa with Wallachia, which enabled them to participate in international trade. Mentioning the Vidin kingdom and the activity of the trading, this inevitably points to the Brasov charter, issued by Joan Stratsimir. This document represents a reporting message to the notables of Brasov city (Kronstadt), informing the citizens to roam and trade freely in the lands ruled by Joan Stratsimir. The review of these Cyrillic sources, like the Dobrovnik charter, the contract from 1253 and the document in favour of the citizens of Brasov, indicates that the Bulgarian lands actively participated in the trading. The more foreign representatives there were, it required regulations on the exchange. From the available documents, we know that legal relations were realized with the people from Dubrovnik, Venice and Genoa and citizens of Brasov. Considering the documents, they serve as facts of the entry of the exchange in the legal frameworks of the Bulgarian country, also the relations with foreign countries and the economic development during the 13th–14th c. period.
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Fielder, Grace. "Contested Boundaries and Language Variants in A Balkan Capital City". In GLOCAL Conference on Mediterranean and European Linguistic Anthropology Linguistic Anthropology 2022. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/comela22.5-2.
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This paper discusses the ways in which the vernacular language of the capital city of Sofia, Bulgaria, reflects a history of contested borders. A relatively small but ancient settlement, Sofia became the capital of the new principality when the San Stefano borders were redrawn and contracted by the Congress of Berlin in 1878. In response the capital was relocated in 1879 from Veliko Tarnovo in the eastern dialect area to Sofia in the western, a strategically semiotic move intended to re-center the Bulgarian capital with respect to the prior borders and to position the government for future expansion. The government administration relocated en masse to Sofia thereby establishing a new urban elite with a more prestigious eastern dialect that would eventually become the main basis of the standard language. Despite decades of education in the standard language, however, western variants have persisted in the capital to this day, in part fuelled by 20th century waves of migration from what is today Aegean and North Macedonia. With the post-1989 fall of communism and the end of state-controlled media, this western variant now appears in and often dominates public spaces much to the dismay of language codifiers and purist-minded members of the public. Three theoretical approaches are employed to account for this persistence of the western variant. Social network theory will be used to analyze the sociolinguistic dynamics of language variants in Sofia. Critical discourse analysis recognizes the mutually constitutive nature of social practice and language use and the role of power relations — particularly relevant once the western variant of Sofia lost its prestige to the newly arrived eastern variant. Finally, language variation is conceptualized as a social semiotic system in which variants are indexically mutable so that speakers make socio-semiotic moves by deploying variants in certain contexts with certain interlocutors.
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Stankova, Mariya, e Svetoslav Kaleychev. "BALKANS – SAFE AND SECURE DESTINATION FOR TOURISM. ANALYSIS OF THE SITUATION". In Tourism and hospitality industry. University of Rijeka, Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/thi.26.16.
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Purpose – The conceptualization of the future is connected, as a rule, with a critical reflection on the present. Such consideration is particularly relevant to the Balkan region as a consequence of its inherent geographical realities and historical circumstances, which predetermined what was happening in this region of Europe. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the countries located on the peninsula underwent changes and joined different alliances and unions, under the complicated regional and international relations. Such peculiarities provoked this study with a focus on the manifestation of global problems and their regional dimensions in the Balkans, trough the security and safety issues explored in the context of tourism. Obviously, in the future, their importance will be even greater, having a significant socio-economic impact, including the tourism industry, where no tourist destination can be fully protected from various situations of threat (well seen during the Covid pandemic). Respecting the new realities, the study explores the preparedness of the tourism industry in the Balkans countries for events of natural and social nature. Design – The study of the Balkan countries as tourist destinations is analytical in nature and with a design that ensures that the studied data have the necessary reliability and allow a comprehensive coverage of the research problem. Methodology – Methodologically, the research is based on a literature review on the topic and on a survey of overview information from international databases. The performed situational and comparative analysis uses for source information from the INFORM Index from the Joint Research Center of the EU Commission in fact outlines the trends in the development of tourist destinations on country level on the Balkans, influenced by natural and social threats. Approach – The conceptual framework is still at an early stage of development and the current study could be useful for reevaluating the threats that are being observed and for supporting future research on the topic. The chosen approach to the study area - the Balkan Peninsula is consistent with its specifics and territorial features and reveals the picture of growing pressure under the stress of natural and social threats - war, disease, terrorism, natural phenomena, accompanied by f inancial and geopolitical tensions. high level of security. Findings – The obtained results have their significance for outlining the trends for the tourist destinations in the Balkans. Above all, its scientific usefulness is revealed in the analysis of the exposure of the Balkan countries as tourist destinations of natural and social threats, accompanied by trends for each of them, drawn as main conclusions. Originality of the research – The scientific and theoretical novelty of the research consists in the practical guidelines, which are outlined in order to improve the preparedness of the tourism industry in the Balkans countries for events of natural and social nature.