Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Bactéries oxydant les nitrites"
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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Bactéries oxydant les nitrites"
Mathieu, L., J. L. Paquin, J. G. Block, C. Randon,, J. Maillard e D. Reasoner. "Paramètres gouvernant la prolifération bactérienne dans les réseaux de distribution". Revue des sciences de l'eau 5 (12 de abril de 2005): 91–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705155ar.
Texto completo da fonteVazquez-Rodriguez, G. A., e J. L. Rolst. "Étude du processus de nitratation avec des boues activées : effet inhibiteur de l'ammoniac sur les bactéries nitratantes". Revue des sciences de l'eau 10, n.º 3 (12 de abril de 2005): 359–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705284ar.
Texto completo da fonteTeses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Bactéries oxydant les nitrites"
Bachtsevani, Eleftheria. "In vitro assessment of the toxicity of pesticides on ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ECDL0049.
Texto completo da fonteThe use of pesticides is essential for boosting agricultural yields, but much of these chemicals miss their targets, accumulating in soil and harming ecosystems and microorganisms. Despite the importance of soil microbes in ecosystem health, traditional pesticide risk assessments have not fully addressed the toxicity of pesticides on them. To address this, recent studies proposed a tiered system to assess pesticide effects on the key microbial group of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms (AOM). The system progresses from in vitro toxicity tests (Tier I) to soil microcosms or pot studies (Tier II), and finally to field-scale evaluations (Tier III). The main objectives of this thesis were to i) develop and validate an in vitro bioassay using AOM and functionally related NOB as a standard Tier I assay, related to the single-species tests commonly used in aquatic ecotoxicology, ii) compare the toxicity of pesticides on AOM with an existing toxicity assessment assay, the Microbial Assay for Risk Assessment (MARA) kit from NCIMB (Scotland), and iii) characterize the physiology of Ca. Nitrobacter laanbroekii NHB1, one of the most sensitive strains identified in this thesis. The toxicity of representative pesticides—covering insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides— was assessed on several ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms (AOM), including ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). Toxicity endpoints (EC50) were determined for each strain-pesticide combination, with Nitrosotalea sinensis Nd2 (AOA), Nitrosospira briensis (AOB), and Ca. Nitrobacter laanbroekii NHB1 (NOB) identified as the most sensitive strains and suitable bioindicators for the proposed single species bioassay. Fungicides and insecticides were generally more toxic to AOM than NOB, while herbicides showed variable toxicity across all nitrifier groups. This testing approach proved valuable for Tier I ecotoxicity assessments of pesticides on soil microbial communities. Building on these findings, toxicity of additional pesticides from different categories on the three most sensitive strains was assessed. Using the proposed single-species in vitro assay, EC50 values confirmed these strains as effective bioindicators for Tier I testing framework. N. sinensis was the most sensitive strain, followed by N. briensis and Ca. N. laanbroekii NHB1, indicating these strains are promising bioindicators for pesticide toxicity in soil. Fungicides were most toxic to N. sinensis, causing significant inhibition at agronomical concentration levels. The differential sensitivities of these strains to various pesticide classes highlight the need for a comprehensive approach that captures a broad spectrum of microbial responses. The evaluation of pesticides toxicity using the MARA kit, which uses 11 heterotrophic microbial strains to detect toxicity, demonstrated relatively low sensitivity, with pesticides affecting these strains only at high concentrations, in contrast to AOM which showed much higher sensitivity to pesticides. The physiology of Ca. Nitrobacter laanbroekii NHB1, one of the identified bioindicator was also characterised. The strain demonstrated an acidotolerant physiology with optimal growth at pH 6.0 and detectable growth down to pH 3.5. In co-culture, Ca. N. laanbroekii NHB1 enhanced the growth of acidophilic ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), such as Nitrosotalea devaniterrae Nd1 and N. sinensis, by removing inhibitory nitrite. This cross-feeding mechanism underscores the importance of substrate concentrations in microbial interactions in acidic soils
Awwad, Monzer. "Synthèse de nouveaux outils moléculaires pour l’imagerie in vivo d’oligo- et polysaccharides à la surface cellulaire". Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112174/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe first part of this work is done in order to prepare products that play a very important role in cellular imaging lipopolisaccharides on the surface of bacterial cells, while using reliable methods such as '' click chemistry ''. Initially, we synthesized the first generation of tools based fluorescent rhodamine B and fluorescein -modified nitrile oxide function. In a second step we sought the best possible applications of click chemistry 3+2 copper free, between the nitrile oxide function and the additional saccharide unit with a vinyl function. Finally, we applied successfully, the click method with copper on several types of bacteria on their cell membrane lipopolysaccharides having a pattern Kdo functionalized azide group already synthesized within our team, and a probe carrying a fluorescent alkyne. A new generation of tools saccharide marking is being finalized in order to optimize the final terms, such as derivative functionalized Kdo this time by cyclic, bicyclic and aromatic derivatives holders of an alkene or alkyne function to perform final testing of in vitro labeling. Oxidative stress is linked to cell aging and many diseases: cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer's ... It is due to an imbalance between oxidant system/antioxidant in cells, and is characterized mainly by the presence of radical substance reactive oxygen. In order to identify the rate of reactive oxygen substances in cells, work in the second part of the thesis based on multi- step synthesis of a fluorescent molecule derived from coumarin. The target compound is oxygen peroxide, known as the name of hydrogen peroxide. Having a vinyl boronic ester, this molecule will be oxidized and rearranged aldehyde leading to intramolecular condensation with the adjacent amino group to form an indolique ring , thereby releasing fluorescence. The search for optimal conditions for the last step of the synthetic pathway is still being optimized. In the future, the optimal conditions for the last step of the synthesis of specific probe oxygen peroxide are sought. This molecule is remarkable importance as a probe of oxidative stress. By passing this step, we will have on hand a library of KDO functionalized to have satisfactory results in vivo
Alazzam, Bachar. "Stress oxydant chez Campylobacter jejuni : implication du système thiorédoxine - thiorédoxine réductase". Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S160.
Texto completo da fonteCampylobacter jejuni, a microaerophilic pathogen Gram-negative bacterium, is the causative agent of a large number of food-borne enteritis. This bacterium is able to survive in different environments and adapt to non-optimal growth conditions. Among these conditions, oxidative stress is a major stress for all living organisms that disturbs the cellular redox potential and inactivates numerous enzymes. Various systems can allow reversion but genome annotation of C. Jejuni suggests that it possesses the thioredoxin-thioredoxin reductase (TrxAB) system only. Therefore, importance of this system was analysed during C. Jejuni oxidative stress adaptation. Thus, we developed a synthetic medium having defined compound composition (MCLMAN medium) allowing the study of this bacterium oxidative stress response. Identification of proteins specifically reduced by TrxAB revealed its contribution to all main metabolic pathways; including reduction of unique enzymes considered as essential for other organisms. Furthermore, TrxAB encoding genes could not be inactivated in C. Jejuni thus TrxAB system appears of vital importance in this bacterium
Rochat, Tatiana. "Amélioration des capacités antioxydantes de souches de bactéries lactiques : applications industrielles et thérapeutiques". Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112073.
Texto completo da fonteLactic acid bacteria (LAB), widely used for the production of fermented dairy products, are often exposed to oxidative stress leading to the decreases of production rates and of LAB survival. In human, the production of ROS by immune cells can led to oxidative stress and to a loss of intestinal homeostasis in the case of abnormal inflammation. The first aim of this work was to obtain LAB strains with improved antioxidative capacities and to study their behaviour during oxidative stress. We developed two strategies: i) Spontaneous Oxidative stress resistant mutants (SpOx) of Lactococcus lactis were obtained using natural selection. The molecular modifications induced by the mutagenesis were identified using a comparative proteomic analysis. Ii) A catalase was introduced in LAB strains which are to eliminate H2O2 and have an improved survival when exposed to oxidative stress. The second aim of this work was to evaluate preventive or therapeutic effects of an antioxidative LAB strain in the case of intestinal disorders related to oxidative stress. The effects of Lb. Casei, producing or not MnKat, administration were characterized using an intestinal colitis model in mice. Independently to the presence of MnKat, Lb. Casei administration reduces inflammatory scores of colonic mucosa. Identification of the mechanisms leading to anti-inflammatory properties of Lb. Casei BL23 could help to better understand the probiotics effects. These results confirm the high interest of Lb. Casei utilisation for the treatment of intestinal inflammatory diseases
Durand, Pascale. "Taxonomie des bactéries oxydant les composés soufrés réduits en milieu hydrothermal profond : cas du sud-ouest Pacifique". Brest, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BRES2008.
Texto completo da fonteChatelus, Corinne. "Contribution à l'étude du rôle des bactéries sulfato-réductrices dans les phénomènes de biocorrosion". Compiègne, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987COMPD082.
Texto completo da fontePhe, Meng-Huot. "Marquage par fluorochromes de bactéries ayant subi un stress oxydant : pour une nouvelle méthode de contrôle rapide de la désinfection des eaux". Nancy 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN12506.
Texto completo da fontePhe, Meng-Huot. "Marquage par fluorochromes de bactéries ayant subi un stress oxydant : pour une nouvelle méthode de contrôle rapide de la désinfection des eaux". Nancy 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN10230.
Texto completo da fonteVita, Nicolas. "Protection contre le stress oxydant de la pyruvate : ferrédoxine oxydoréductase des Desulfovibrio, une enzyme cIef du métabolisme anaérobie". Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX11079.
Texto completo da fonteThe Pyruvate-Ferredoxin Oxidoreductase (PFOR) is a key enzyme of anaerobic metabolisms that catalyses the reversible oxidation of pyruvate in acetyl-coenzymeA and CO2. Usually, this enzyme is highly sensitive to oxygen, because of the presence of iron- sul fur clusters. However, extensive studies of Desulfovibrio africanus (Da) PFOR pointed out a surprising stability of this protein when exposed to air. My PhD work wanted to get a better understanding of the protective mechanism of Da PFOR, using a directed-mutagenesis. Approach coupled to in vivo assays. We characterized a redox switch mechanism involving two cysteines that would direct the positioning of a methionine near one of the iron-sulfur clusters, thus protecting it from oxidative damages. In vivo analysis showed that PFORs from several Desulfovibrio species, are efficiently protected against oxidative stress. This redox-switch leads to a stable but inactive form of the enzyme under oxidative conditions that can be reactivated, in vivo, when conditions are shifted back to reducing ones. This reactivation requires the reduction of the disulfide bond of the oxidized enzyme. In order to identify the molecular partners that catalyse this reduction in vivo, we have started to study the thioredoxins and thioredoxin reductases of Desulfovibrio vulgaris Hildenborough (DvH). We also studied the PFOR physiological role in DvH, using a gene deletion approach , although until now, we haven't been able to obtain the porK mutant. But we have shown that this gene belongs to an operon coding for several proteins functionally linked. Therefore, the PFOR might be part of a supra-complex involved in the oxidation orthe energetic substrate and ATP production
Ghiglione, Jean-François. "Compétitivité des microorganismes dans la rhizosphère : valeur sélective des fonctions de réduction dissimulative du nitrate et du nitrite". Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO19003.
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