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1
Ketchum, Lynn. "Backyard Water Management". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/295532.
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Cooper, Collin M. "Yes, In God's Backyard". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1617107461239112.
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Lundberg, Måns. "Backyard Aesthetics : Towards an Etical Urbanism". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Arkitekthögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-133162.
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Thorgersen, Ketil. "Music from the Backyard : Hagström's Music Education". Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för musik och medier, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-40056.
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Young, Deborah, Robert Call e Michael Kilby. "Backyard Fruit Production at Elevations 3500 to 6000 Feet". College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144776.
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Young, Deborah, Robert E. Call, Michael Kilby e Tom DeGomez. "Backyard Fruit Production at Elevations 3500 to 6000 Feet". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/560973.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Revised; Originally Published: 20007 pp.
The mid elevations (3,500 to 6,000 feet) in Arizona can be ideal for growing tree fruit. Site selection can make a pronounced effect on how well fruit will grow and produce. The warmer the site the greater the chance of success. Areas where cold air settles are a poor choice for tree fruit production. Variety selection is very important for good fruit production.February and March are the best months to plant bare root trees, although they can be planted anytime during the dormant season. Try to plant 30 days before bud break. Containerized plants are best planted in late September through early October. The open center pruning system allows for more sunlight to reach all the branches of the tree. Whereas the central leader is used with those trees that are less vigorous. Training trees when young is an important step in ensuring a strong scaffold system when bearing. Fruit thinning helps to control fruit size and consistent bearing. Proper fertilization, irrigation, and pest control will promote healthy productive trees.
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Littlefield, Joanne. "Desert Citrus Research: Studies Assist Commercial and Backyard Growers". College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622202.
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Starbuck, Nicole Sari. "Backyard Bedsides: An Exploration of the Loss of Childhood Innocence". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/244787.
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Backyard Bedsides is a series of paintings that explore the loss of innocence associated with childhood abuse and premature sexual discovery. The work focuses on the psychological and emotional repercussions of such events on prepubescent behavior and adolescent development. The images reference composite photographs, scientific studies, statistics, testimonials, and personal experience. The paintings also examine how color, composition, and context can be used to express feelings of isolation, confusion, and conflict. In this way, the paintings depict not realistic space, but psychological space. They provide a glimpse into the mind of the abused.
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Littlefield, Joanne. "Plant Detectives: Master Gardeners Find New Plant Disease in Their Backyard". College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/295899.
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Jungnickel, Katrina Elly. "Making Wifi a sociological study of backyard technologists in suburban Australia". Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.514293.
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Traina, Alberto. "On the X-ray properties of heavily obscured AGN in the backyard". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21440/.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
One of the main goals of extragalactic astrophysics is to achieve complete knowledge of the processes which produce the observed emission from AGN. AGN classification in the X-rays divides these sources into two types: unobscured and obscured. Their emission explain most of the CXB emission. The fraction of resolved CXB at its peak is only about 30%. From models of the CXB, it is possible to have indications
on the nature of sources which are ‘missing’ in the current census of CXB ‘constituents’: CT-AGN must be responsible for ∼35% of the peak CXB emission. Observations show that the fraction of CT-AGN is 10-15%; in order to fill this gap, a census of obscured AGN is needed. X-ray observations provide a characterization of the inner regions of the AGN. In this perspective, we present the X-ray spectral analysis of two low-redshift Compton-thick AGN candidates, NGC 3081 and ESO 565-G019, belonging to a larger sample of 57 candidate CT-AGN. We select these two AGN because of the high photon statistics, given by proprietary XMM-Newton and simultaneous NuSTAR data, and the presence of Chandra data. We have analyzed the two spectra using simple phenomenological spectral models and physically motivated models (MYTorus and borus02), in order to better characterize the intrinsic physical and geometric properties of the obscuring torus, as well as its nature. The main goal of this thesis is to measure the column density of the two sources under investigation, as well as the other spectral properties, to find out if they belong to the Compton-thick regime or they are Compton-thin AGN. We found that both AGN have an obscuring structure which is characterized, on average, by a Compton-thick material. Finally, it is important to underline how this type of application is also preparatory to future planned missions like Athena (∼2030) and the AXIS probe (mission under study) and can lead us to a better understanding of the properties of the
torus and of the CXB components.
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Sullivan, Sara E. "Redesign of Eldora Mountain Resort: A Conceptual Plan to Enhance Boulder's Backyard". The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/292284.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
When skiing was originally introduced, the sport was focused on the mountain and recreational experience. However, as the market has expanded and operations have improved, ski resorts have turned into large corporate businesses competing with each other and making it difficult for smaller resorts, such as Eldora Mountain Resort, to survive. Just as important, the essence of the sport has become diluted, as the natural mountain experience is becoming lost among the corporate industry. In addition to the large expansive resorts, there is intense land use and a number of environmental impacts such as clear cutting, loss of habitat, erosion, and high water use. Eldora Mountain Resort is a small ski resort outside of Nederland, CO generally used for day skiing. While major destination and day skiing resorts such as Vail, Aspen, and Breckenridge continue to dominate the Interstate 70 corridor, Eldora has a unique opportunity to accommodate skiers and mountain enthusiasts of northern Colorado, as there are no other ski resorts in its immediate surroundings. The resort currently lacks on-site lodging and has limited use during the warm months, with the exception of hiking. The purpose of this research is to address key issues of mountain tourism and the associated environmental impacts in a conceptual redesign of Eldora Mountain Resort. This project examines how Eldora Mountain Resort can integrate year-round recreational opportunities, while focusing on how the resort can strengthen its connection to the natural mountain setting and improve environmental practices, all while creating a unique experience for visitors.
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Strömvall, Erika. "Methane Production through Anaerobic Digestion at Backyard Pig Farms in Pampanga, Philippines". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-37578.
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The Pampanga province is one of the largest pork-producing provinces in the Philippines. Half of the province's pigs are reared in so-called back-yard farms. At these farms, there are no regulations regarding manure management and because of this, large amounts of manure are dumped close to the stables. These actions lead to spontaneous emission of greenhouse gases, eutrophication of rivers and groundwater pollution. In addition, the spread of manure contributes to inadequate sanitation and increased risks of disease among the inhabitants of the province. LPG and wood are the most popular fuels for cooking in the Philippines. LPG is most common in the cities, while more than 60 percent of the rural population still relies on firewood for cooking. LPG is a fossil fuel that, when burned, contributes to an enhanced greenhouse effect. The use of wood increases the pressure on the local biomass and increases the risk of lung diseases for the user. Anaerobic digestion of pig manure under contributes to a more sustainable manure management. At the same time, energy in form of biogas is produced. Biogas is a renewable energy source, which is considered carbon neutral. If pig manure is co-digested with kitchen waste, a more efficient and stable digestion process may be achieved. This study aims to contribute to sustainable development at backyard pig farms in the Pampanga province by demonstrating how pig manure and kitchen waste can be utilized for biogas production. In order to develop an appropriate composition of pig manure and kitchen waste for anaerobic digestion, batch digestion of pig manure and kitchen waste was performed at laboratory scale. During a field study, the substrate composition was digested in test plants under local conditions in Pampanga. During the field study, several field trips to backyard pig farms were performed. Based on prevailing conditions and available materials in the province, a full-scale biogas digester was designed. The digester was sized to produce enough biogas to fulfil one family’s daily requirement of cooking fuel. If the daily biogas production reaches 2.5 m3 it is possible to replace 178 kg LPG or 9855 kg of firewood every year. The reduction of LPG prevents 2700 kg carbon dioxide equivalents from being emitted to the atmosphere every year. The reduction of LPG use also results in an annual saving of 9062 PHP (1672 SEK) for a family. This number corresponds to 11 procent of the total investment cost of the digester.Pampangaprovinsen är en av de största producenterna av fläskkött i hela Filippinerna. Hälften av provinsens grisar föds upp på så kallade backayard farms. På dessa gårdar finns inga restriktioner gällande gödselhantering. Därför dumpas stora mängder gödsel i gårdarnas närområde vilket leder till spontana utsläpp av växthusgaser, övergödning i vattendrag och förorenat grundvatten. Dessutom leder spridning av gödslet till försämrad hygien och ökad sjukdomsspridning bland provinsens invånare. Gasol och ved är de mest populära bränslena för matlagning i Filippinerna. Gasol är mest utbrett i städerna medan drygt 60 procent av landsbygdens befolkning fortfarande förlitar sig på ved vid matlagning. Gasol är ett fossilt bränsle som vid förbränning bidrar till en förstärkt växthuseffekt. Användning av ved ökar trycket på den lokala biomassan och vid förbränning är risken för sjukdomar i luftvägarna hos användaren stor. Anaerob rötning av grisgödsel möjliggör en mer hållbar gödselhantering samtidigt som energi i form av biogas produceras. Biogas är en förnyelsebar energikälla som dessutom anses vara koldioxidneutral. Grisgödsel kan med fördel samrötas med matavfall för att uppnå en effektivare och mer stabil rötprocess. Den här studien syftar till att bidra till hållbar utveckling inom Pampangaprovinsens backyard pig farms genom att demonstrera hur grisgödsel tillsammans med matavfall kan användas för biogasproduktion. Under studiens inledande del utfördes satsvis rötning av grisgödsel och matavfall i laborativ skala, i syfte att ta fram en lämplig sammansättning av de båda substraten. Substratsammansättningen rötades därefter i testanläggningar vid lokala förhållanden under en fältstudie i Pampangaprovinsen. Under fältstudien genomfördes även studiebesök till olika backyard pig farms. Baserat på rådande förhållanden och tillgängliga material i provinsen designades slutligen en rötkammare. Rötkammaren dimensionerades så att den kunde förse en familj med bränsle för matlagning. Om den dagliga biogasproduktionen når 2.5 m3 är det möjligt att ersätta 178 kg gasol eller 9855 kg ved per år. Minskningen av gasol resulterar i en årlig reducering av växthusgasutsläpp med minst 2700 kg koldioxidekvivalenter. Minskningen av gasol resulterar också i en årlig besparing på 9062 PHP (1672 SEK). Denna siffra motsvarar 11 procent av den totala investeringskostnaden för rötkammaren.
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Regan, Raina J. "Safety in your backyard : the residential fallout shelter during the Cold War". CardinalScholar 1.0, 2010. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1569025.
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The impact of the Cold War on architecture in the United States is exemplified in
the promotion and construction of fallout shelters. The development of the hydrogen
bomb by the United States and Soviet Union in the first half of the 1950s increased fears
of the far-reaching effect nuclear war could have on public health and safety.
Government agencies, such as the Office of Civil Defense, promoted the widespread
construction and use of the fallout shelter as a safeguard against human annihilation in
the event of nuclear war. This thesis examines the various types of residential fallout
shelters designed by public and private entities. The location of the fallout shelter within
the family residence had the largest impact on the style and construction method adopted.
This thesis investigates a wide variety of examples and techniques used to encourage
fallout shelter construction. An in-depth discussion of the preservation of the residential
shelter completes the text, including two examples of current preservation practices.Nuclear weapons, the Cold War and a need for shelters -- Evolution, promotion and requiremens for residential fallout shelters -- Interior residential shelters -- Exterior residential shelters -- Preservation issues of the residential fallout shelter.
Access to thesis permanently restricted to Ball State community only
Department of Architecture
15
Land, Nicole. "Presence of Antibiotic Resistant Salmonella Spp. In Backyard Poultry and Their Environment". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2018. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2005.
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As keeping backyard poultry rises, human contact with zoonotic pathogens will increase. One such pathogen that backyard enthusiasts have exposure risks to is Salmonella spp. which may cause a potential public health threat due to its increasing multidrug resistancy. Salmonella spp. were present in 33 of 50 samples collected from 29 sites with backyard poultry coops in San Luis Obispo County during March to May in 2014. Two different Hardy-CHROME™ Salmonella Selective Media plates were used to culture and isolate positive samples of Salmonella spp.. Each positive isolate was tested for antimicrobial sensitivity to 6 standard antibiotics: Ampicillin, Bacitracin, Erythromycin, Gentamicin, Penicillin, and Tetracycline, at the standard disk concentration levels. The Kirby-Bauer antimicrobial sensitivity test determined that 12 different profiles emerged from the Salmonella spp. isolates. All antimicrobial sensitivity profiles showed multidrug resistance in vitro with only high susceptibility to 2 major antibiotics, Gentamicin at 97% and Ampicillin at 51%. All profiles were resistant to 1 or more of the antimicrobials tested, plus the control. One Salmonella isolated was resistant to all 6 antimicrobials and another isolate to 5. The Salmonella spp. isolates proved multidrug resistance between 73%-100% to the other 4 antibiotics tested.
The 24 Salmonella spp. positive sites displayed a lack of proper biosecurity and poultry husbandry practices. The criteria developed for accessing the poultry’s environment ranged from dedicated shoes for cleaning, egg handling, access to other animals and wildlife, number of birds and breeds or species in a coop, cleaning routine, over-all biosecurity and human interactions. Human exposure to Salmonella spp. pathogenic strains could increase due to environmental cross contamination and deficiencies in sanitation. The presence of Salmonella spp. with a diversity of antibiotic resistance serotypes is an important source of zoonotic pathogens for animal and human diseases that has public health risk implications.
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Zahina-Ramos, John G. "Attitudes and perspectives about backyard food gardening| A case study in south Florida". Thesis, Florida Atlantic University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3571439.
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As cities grew throughout the past century, the availability of locally grown food declined, mostly because urban expansion occurred at the expense of adjacent agricultural land. As a result, city dwellers turned to commercial food market systems that import food from distant production areas. Private greenspace, which is one of the largest land cover types in cities, offers the potential for substantial agricultural production. Because urban food production on private land, such as backyards, requires the willing participation of landowners, resident’s feelings about and experience with food growing are important to understand.
This study examined the demographic differences between food growers and non-food growers with respect to their attitudes and perspectives about backyard food growing. The positive associations, the problems and barriers residents encountered, and the resources they needed to begin food gardening, were identified through questionnaires and in-depth interviews administered to study participants in Palm Beach County, Florida, U.S.A. The demographic groups that were most likely to food garden were those in long-term relationships, higher income brackets, those with college education and residents over 50 years old. Incentives and programs focused on producing more from existing gardens may be most appropriate for people in these demographic groups, while other groups will most require basic food growing information. Study participants highly valued intangible benefits of food gardening (e.g., relaxation, feelings of happiness and satisfaction), often more than the provision of food. Most barriers and problems with backyard food growing, such as a lack of space and the need for gardening information, were similar for those who food garden and those who do not.
Results from this study indicate that traditional agricultural incentives and perspectives must be rethought if they are to be applied in urban settings. The practice of backyard food gardening, which can be a significant part of sustainable urban agriculture, must be viewed and valued beyond the framework of market commodities and economics. By creating incentives and initiatives that reflect the needs and challenges faced by urban growers, urban agriculture will become an integrated part of the community, improving food quantity and quality while enriching residents’ lives.
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Fraiman, Keren Eva (Fraiman Stieber). "Not in your backyard : transitive compellence, base states, and violent non-state groups". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/92081.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Political Science, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 429-440).
Violent non-state actors have consistently served as a destabilizing force within the international system. These groups create a base within a state's sovereign territory, the "base state," and utilize this platform to mount conventional attacks, insurgencies, and terrorist campaigns against other states, with or without the support of the base state. Coercion directed at base states has been declared a central tenet of American Foreign policy and one that is shared by many states threatened by these groups. This study examines the efficacy of coercion as a tool to compel a state to halt the basing of violent non-state groups, a strategy which I call "transitive compellence." Empirically, employing transitive compellence has produced a broad range of outcomes. At times, this strategy has achieved its desired objective of inducing a state to contain the violent group, whereas at other junctures, these tactics have backfired. This study offers a theory to explain the conditions under which a base state can be successfully coerced into taking action against a violent group that resides within its borders and addresses why states have varying reactions to transitive compellence over time. I argue that the cost of compliance for the base state is shaped by the foreign policy and domestic political relationship between the violent group and the state. These components define the base state's cost-benefit calculation, which impacts the state's willingness to comply with the coercer's demands. The violent group's cross-border activity necessarily affects the base state's foreign policy, and thus the base state has a stake, positive or negative, in the international dimension of the group's action. Similarly, to the extent that the group resides within the base state, and interacts with its population and political system, the base state has a domestic stake as well. Specifically, acting against the group domestically triggers all of the costs and risks of a protracted political or military conflict with the group. Thus, it is necessary to examine the costs of -containing the violent group across both dimensions. These two distinct elements of the relationship each impose different and often conflicting costs and benefits for complying with the coercer's demands. Analyzing these components yields insights into the complex dynamic between the group and the state, as well as the magnitude of difficulty in severing these ties. This theory is tested with three longitudinal in-depth case studies where transitive compellence was utilized in an attempt to quell violent non-state actor activities: Israel vis-A-vis the Fedayeen in Jordan; Turkey vis-a-vis the PKK in Syria; and Turkey vis-a-vis the PKK in Iraqi Kurdistan. A focused, structured comparison of these cases relied on interviews in the field with current and former policymakers, military personnel, journalists, academics, and analysts, in addition to extensive archival research, secondary historical materials, and media accounts. An analysis, within and across these cases, reveals strong support for the theory.
by Keren Eva Fraiman.
Ph. D.
18
Schulze, Dana Verfasser], e Reinhard [Akademischer Betreuer] [Meyers. "Leaving Russia's Backyard : GUAM and the Challenge of Integration / Dana Schulze ; Betreuer: Reinhard Meyers". Münster : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Münster, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1141233703/34.
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Ishigame, Go. "Biological effects of backyard feeding the Australian magpie (Gymnorhina tibicen) in south-east Queensland /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18294.pdf.
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Schelling, Esther. "Epidemiological study of Newcastle disease in backyard poultry and wild bird populations in Switzerland /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1998. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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NEVES, ELOIZA DIAS. "THE BACKYARD, THE HOUSE AND THE STREET - TEACHING IN RURAL REGIONS: A CASE STUDY". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=12931@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
A escola no meio rural é um tema periférico no meio acadêmico educacional brasileiro. Conhecer quem são os professores brasileiros que atuam em contexto rural constitui condição essencial para que se possam efetivar as expectativas ligadas à profissão e à valorização deste trabalhador. A presente investigação se situa no universo das pesquisas sobre o trabalho dos profissionais docentes, sua formação e o exercício do seu ofício. Filia-se aos estudos que privilegiam, por um lado, a importância dos contextos e organizações escolares, e, por outro, o realce da singularidade dos sujeitos. O objetivo foi conhecer os modos de exercício do ofício de professores que lecionam várias disciplinas, em todas as séries, há mais de dez anos, em uma escola pública situada no meio rural fluminense, cujos estudantes têm tido o melhor desempenho regional no Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM). O estudo de caso de base etnográfica fez uso de técnicas associadas à etnografia (observação participante, análise de documentos e entrevista biográfica), além de questionário, e procurou compreender quais os sentidos os professores dão àquela escola, qual a imagem que têm de si e de sua profissão, assim como quais os estilos de ensinar desenvolvem. Para a interpretação dos dados, a interlocução foi feita com autores da sociologia e da antropologia, como Dubar, Dubet, Canário, Tardif, Geertz e Roberto DaMatta. O grupo docente parece ter elevada auto-estima, sendo a escola percebida pelo menos por três modos: uma escola-família; um espaço de se ensinar-aprender; e, ainda, o quintal da casa (baseada em categorização de DaMatta, 1997). Os estilos de ensinar variam de acordo com estas representações anteriores tanto sobre a escola como sobre os estudantes.
Rural schooling is a peripheral issue in Brazilian Schools of Education. In order to meet teachers expectations and to value those from schools in the countryside, it is a crucial condition to know what type of professionals they are. The present research is on teachers training and performance. It is part of several studies that, on one hand, emphasize the importance of school context and organization and, on the other hand, emphasize the uniqueness of each research subject. It aims at understanding the procedures of teachers who, for more than ten years, have been teaching different subjects to primary and secondary school students at a public school in Rio de Janeiro agricultural area. These students have had the best regional performance at ENEM - Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (Brazilian National Exam of Secondary Education). The present ethnographically-based case study made use of ethnographic techniques (participative observation, document analysis and biographic interviews) and questionnaires, so that we could understand teachers` views of the school they work at, the image they have of themselves and of their profession, as well as the type of teaching they develop. The analysis of the data was based on sociologists and anthropologists, such as Dubar, Dubet, Canário, Tardif, Geertz and Roberto DaMatta. The teaching staff we studied seem to have high self-esteem and see their school in at least one of three perspectives: the family-school, the teaching-learning environment and the backyard (based on 1997 DaMattas category). Their different teaching styles vary according to these representations of school and students.
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Watkins, Adrian L. (Adrian Leslie) 1970, e William D. 1971 Dobbins. "REIT line of credit pricing & the backyard effect : is the grass really greener?" Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8345.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 53).
For many reasons outlined in this thesis, line of credit facilities have become an integral part of a REITs capital structure. During this evolution, a possible pricing discrepancy for REIT lines of credit has emerged whereby certain REITs appear to obtain advantageous pricing (as indicated by LIBOR spread) on their lines of credit based on the location of their headquarters or the geographic focus of their operations. We have defined the potential existence of this phenomenon as the "Backyard Effect". While there are several possible explanations for the existence of such an occurrence, it nonetheless represents a potential market effect that impacts REIT line of credit costs. Through this thesis, we present market evidence supported by rigorous data and statistical analysis to conclude that the Backyard Effect is apparently present in the market for REIT lines of credit. In addition, we present the following line of credit market background and information: a historical perspective regarding the evolution of REITs and the LOC market, including current and past trends; basic contractual elements and terms as to how these LOC facilities function; and a discussion as to why REITs utilize LOCs and what are the main advantages and disadvantages of this form of financing. We hope that through this thesis, the reader is provided with a much greater awareness and understanding of the market for REIT lines of credit. Further, and most importantly, by identifying and providing statistical evidence of the existence of a possible pricing effect in the market for REIT lines of credit, we hopefully uncover an issue that will be of value to the multiple market participants.
by Adrian L. Watkins [and] William D. Dobbins, IV.
S.M.
23
Tranguch, Jeff. "From bigfoot in the backyard to ghosts in the attic predictors of paranormal belief /". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10978.
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Al, Shekaili Thunai. "Epidemiological studies on avian influenza and other respiratory viruses in backyard poultry in Oman". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2015. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2053279/.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
This thesis describes studies on the epidemiology of the avian influenza virus (AIV) and other respiratory viruses such as Newcastle disease (NDV), infectious bronchitis (IBV) and avian metapneumovirus (aMPV) in backyard poultry in Oman. Also, I utilized backyard birds as sentinels to detect the presence of West Nile virus (WNV) in Oman backyard poultry. Additionally, I tried to investigate the risk factors contributing to the spatial distribution of AIV and NDV diseases in backyard poultry farms. Management biosecurity and health programmes in commercial broiler poultry farms were also examined. Chapter 3 reviews the epidemiology of the viral respiratory diseases affecting poultry in the Middle East (ME) in relation to diseases reported in Oman. The review was undertaken to identify knowledge gaps. The review focused more on the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 outbreak in the ME since most of the published poultry articles were on this virus. There was a clear gap in the knowledge on the epidemiology of respiratory viral pathogens except for H5N1. Chapter 4 describe a sero-surveillance study on backyard poultry flocks in Oman. A snapshot two-stage cluster sampling was done during the summer of 2012 on 2350 backyard poultry birds from 238 farms from all of the Oman’s regions and governorates. The dominant poultry species in the visited farms was the chickens; however, ducks, turkeys, geese and guinea fowls were present and sampled. The overall seroprevalence of the avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses were 37.5% and 42.1%, respectively, and the flock’s positive level was 84% and 90.2%, respectively. The mean within-flock seroprevalences were 37.6% and 43.4%. All the PCR results were negative for NDV and AIV. In conclusion, both disease viruses are endemic in the backyard poultry in Oman. Chapter 5 studies the risk factors associated with the intensity of the infection of both avian influenza and Newcastle disease in Omani backyard farms (serological results from chapter 4). A number of previous studies have investigated and identified a number of risk factors for both diseases, especially the highly pathogenic avian influenza. I obtained the risk factors that are present in Oman from those previously identified and modelled their association with the intensity of the AIV and NDV infection in Omani backyard flocks using general linear models (GLM). There was a regional effect on the level of exposure to both viruses; however there was no North-South pattern. Also, there was a highly significant association between the presence of AIV and NDV infection which may be attributed to the level of biosecurity applied in the farms. Furthermore; there was a negative association between the farm altitude and the AIV intensity of infection. The flock size was marginally negatively associated with the NDV infection rate. Chapter 6 describes a study on the prevalence of IBV and aMPV using molecular methods including RT-PCR, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis from the same sampled backyard flocks. Five flocks from the northern regions were positive for aMPV subtype B and 39 flocks were positive for 5 different genotypes of the IBV virus. The 793B like was the most prominent genotype. However, genotypes M41, IS885, IS94 and D274 were also identified. The presence of the IBV viral genome in the FTA card collected from ducks and turkeys raises the question of their role in IBV epidemiology. The study concluded that both viruses are endemic in Oman backyard poultry. Chapter 7 describes a study of the serological prevalence of the West Nile virus using backyard birds as sentinels. The sera from backyard birds were used for the detection of antibodies against WNV. The total flock prevalence was 45% and the total bird prevalence was 21%. All the tested bird species showed positive ELISA results. Later a snapshot mosquito sampling was done in 16 of the previously identified WNV positive farms. The mosquito species recorded on WN positive farms were Culex quinquefasciatus, a known vector of WNV, and Anopheles stephensii, a malaria vector. The study concluded that WNV is endemic in backyard poultry in Oman. Management, biosecurity and health practices are the core of poultry farming success and the main defence against the introduction of diseases to the farm, as well as dissemination between farms. Chapter 8 describes the management and health practices applied in commercial poultry production farms in Oman. A questionnaire designed to investigate the management, biosecurity and health practices in broiler production poultry farms was filled in by Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries animal production engineers for 69 broiler poultry farms. These 69 broiler farms produce around 95% of the poultry meat produced in Oman. The Southern region Dhofar governorate, has the highest reported number of birds, nearly 20 million, which makes up almost (82%) of the responding broiler production farms. The majority of the farms use closed houses with evaporating/cooling fans and cooling beds (46/69, 66.7%). All farms vaccinate against Newcastle disease. infectious bursal disease (IBD), avian influenza virus H9N2, avian infectious bronchitis and aMPV were also been reported in vaccination programs with different percentages. The bigger farms apply better biosecurity measures and their managers have better knowledge. Medium and small farms vary greatly in their application of biosecurity measures.
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Sardenberg, Cecília Maria Bacellar. "In the Backyard of the Factory: Gender, Class, Power and Community in Bahia, Brazil". Department of Anthropology, 1996. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/18947.
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This dissertation reconstructs and analyzes work relations and everyday life of men and women textile workers in a working-class neighborhood, owned by the mill, in the outskirts of the city of Salvador in Bahia. It also traces the transformation of the neighborhood and of the textile mill from 1875 to 1960. It relies on the combined results of six-years of intermittent field research in the community and in-depth interviews and life histories of twenty men and women who had worked in the factory. It is also based on the analysis of data from payroll books and other company records for a sample of 385 employees The study takes a gender perspective and shows that women’s experience of factory work was unlike that of men. Men and women had distinct domains of influence and faced different struggles. Although the factory relied largely on the employment of the women from the community, patriarchal gender relations dominated in the workplace. Not only was the chain of command in male hands, but it was also men who led and took an active role in the local unions and in collective actions centered in the workplace. Industrial and union paternalism was reinforced by a gender ideology that emphasized women’s domesticity. It served to restrict the participation of women in labor organizations and limit their role in union-led strike movements. Women have only vague and inaccurate recollection of the strikes that were effectively organized when they themselves were part of the work force. They also idealize the paternalistic organization of the factory and the owner who put it in place. At the same time, the textile mill’s reliance on a female labor force enhanced the position of women in their household. A right to a house or house lot and a paycheck made other members of the domestic group dependent on her. It resulted on more egalitarian gender relations within the “backyard of the factory” than within the factory itself. It indicates that gender relations, as well as class relations, do not interlock in fixed ways but that they are flexible and fluid, varying according to the sphere where men and women interact. Indeed, whereas in the past women did not take an active role in workplace-based social movements, they are now in the forefront of neighborhood-based movements, leading the present struggles of their community against their former patrons.
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Janes, Francis J. Jr. "It's my backyard and welcome to it (a view beyond the white picket fence)". The Ohio State University, 1989. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1303229491.
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Kartikasari, Sri Nurani. "Your biodiversity in my backyard : key local stakeholders' perceptions of biodiversity conservation in Gorontalo, Indonesia". Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1188.
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The establishment of protected areas (PAs) has been the key national strategy in biodiversity conservation, through preserving the unique wildlife and ecosystems in Indonesia. As well as their status as sites rich in biodiversity, PAs are also important for socio-economic interactions. Hence the management of PAs has been fraught with technical, social and economic problems. To ensure greater local participation and support in tropical forest conservation initiatives, it is vital to understand how local stakeholders perceive them. This research was undertaken in Gorontalo Province by examining the views of local stakeholders through a combination of qualitative interviews and quantitative ranking exercises. The findings revealed that respondents only understood the concept of biodiversity on a general level. Most respondents defined biodiversity in terms of its elements; only a few were able to describe the interactional attributes, by which biodiversity functions within the ecosystems. Their appreciation of forest biodiversity was primarily due to economic and ecological benefits they derive from local forests. Accordingly, respondents ranked the provision of ecological services from the forests as the strongest reason for protecting it. Using Wood et al. (2000) analytical framework to examine the root causes of biodiversity loss, the findings indicated respondents’ familiarity with human-induced forces resulting in the degradation and loss of natural forests, and they understood how these affect local biodiversity, both within and beyond the forest. Some critical disconnections between national policy in forest conservation and the reality of the local use of forest resource became apparent. At the core of these disconnections was an unequal share of benefits of such policy to local stakeholders. They identified extraction of species and physical alteration of the forest ecosystem as direct drivers of forest loss; these were perceived as rooted in poverty, institutional failures in forest management, ignorance of the wider forest functions, and conflict of development policies at the local level. The main reason for biodiversity loss can be summed up as widespread and persistent failure to properly understand, quantify, or value the goods, services, functions and capital value of the natural forests, at both national and local levels. Overall, most respondents held negative attitudes towards protected forests and their positive attitudes towards conservation activities were linked with tangible benefits they enjoy from the forest. A key finding of this study is that the conservation of biodiversity cannot be considered in isolation from broader patterns of natural resource use and the socio-political context in which people carry out their lives. This study suggests that the implementation of the centrally-controlled and preservationist conservation approach in Gorontalo has been ineffective in achieving conservation goals. This is due to the lack of a clear connection between this policy and the reality of local forest users.
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Gerini, Veronica. "Backyards Garage Lives: Contrariwise Urbanism Toward Affordable Student Housing". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Arkitekthögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-108517.
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In the last decade we have witnessed the strengthening of an international network of higher education all over the world. The need to educate and develop our contemporary society is a machine in continuous work and progress. Being a student is a condition that makes individuals, enriches culture and often crosses boundaries. Students are a necessary piece in the capitalist economy, which makes them a valuable and essential resource in order to sustain its markets. Therefore, countries and institutions compete to hold more and more students within their society but what are the consequences of the internationalisation of higher education (and its market(s) that is taking place on a global scale? The globalisation and internationalisation of education promote a migration of students always on the rise. In some cities such as Umeå, it implies consequent urban growth, the need to develop facilities, services and accommodations. Such patterns of immigration make students actors in the real estate market of the country they move to but they do not always find adequate conditions for their integration. The current economic crisis has debilitated many markets including that of real estate, and in that context, the thesis explores alternative ways of approaching affordable accommodation for students, as well as a different understanding of urban planning that aims at enabling diverse coexistences of students and other inhabitants and the progressive transformation and hybridisation of otherwise very homogenous areas of the city.
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Muller, Craig. "In Reagan's backyard : an examination of the condition of liberalism in California in the early 1980s". University of Western Australia. History Discipline Group, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0073.
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In 1980, Ronald Reagan became the fortieth president of the United States following an election that was said to have presaged a political turn to the right in that country. This thesis identifies three broad historical themes that characterised the period in the immediate aftermath of the 1980 election. Firstly, there was the notion that the voting public was becoming more conservative in its choices in federal politics. This is tested by looking at voter behaviour in the 1982 midterm elections. Secondly, the idea that the liberal-conservative dialectic was becoming less important in United States politics is examined using as a framework the actions and statements of prominent liberals. Thirdly, the thesis examines the accuracy of prognoses that were being made about liberalism as a viable political entity in the wake of the 1980 elections. These themes are examined via a series of parallel, occasionally overlapping narratives, following the main strands of liberal activity and thought in one state California in the early 1980s. Many of the sources used were derived from commentary that was being made as events unfolded. The debate about the meaning of the 1980 election therefore changes and this change is part of the story told here. Answering some questions also involved using source material that was more reflective. Hence, parts of the thesis are historiographical. Despite its political content, this thesis is a work of history. It examines the drama of men and women acting within their time, bound by the world around them, but also trying to change that world.
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Muller, Craig. "In Reagan's backyard : an examination of the condition of liberalism in California in the early 1980s /". Connect to this title, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0073.
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Ward, Jared A. "A BREACH IN AMERICA'S BACKYARD: THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA (PRC) AND THE CARIBBEAN, 1949-1976". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron155922997417231.
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Moalusi, Boitumelo M. "The influence of nest keeping and preparation methods on the microbiota associated with backyard chicken eggs". Thesis, Bloemfontein : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/60.
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Thesis (M. Tech.(Environmental Health)) -- Central University of Technology Free State, 2005In developing countries such as South Africa commercial chicken farmers produce the majority of eggs, approximately 5.8kg of eggs per capita per annum. Despite this, many people, especially in rural and marginal-urban areas, still consume eggs produced by backyard systems. Backyard systems are characterised by fragmented and small-scale production units that require minimal management and chickens are often unhoused or poorly housed. In most cases, eggs from backyard systems are laid in nests in poor hygienic condition. Eggs are a cheap, readily available and a good source of animal protein and are consumed by the majority of the people in the community, including the young, the old and people with HIV/AIDS. With little information available regarding the microbiological quality of eggs produced by backyard chickens in Southern Africa, the risks posed by these eggs to consumers are unknown. In this study the microbiological quality of eggs from randomly selected household near Hennenman keeping backyard chickens was determined. The study was done over three seasons which included the cold-dry (May-July), mild-dry (October- February) and the warm-wet (August-September) seasons. The following organisms were isolated: Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus spp., Escherichia coli and Total Coliforms. Staphylococcus spp. was further characterised to species level. Most of the species were of human origin, with the exception of only two species, S. hyicus and S. lentus, which have previously been associated with chickens. Furthermore, questionnaires were administered to the backyard chicken keepers to assess their knowledge regarding chicken keeping and nest hygiene, the proper method of egg collection and storage, and the preparation of eggs. The decrease of vitamins and Staphylococcus spp. occurring during different preparation methods (scrambling, frying and boiling) was also determined. The results obtained showed that the eggshells were more contaminated than the egg contents. This had been expected as the eggshell is more in contact with the external environment than the egg contents are. Faecal contaminants (Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and Total Coliforms) were present in both the eggshell and the egg contents during all seasons and this could be attributed to the infrequent cleaning of chicken nests as ascertained from the questionnaires. From the vitamin analysis it was observed that backyard-produced eggs had lower concentrations of vitamins A and E compared to commercially-produced eggs. When determining the best preparation method, causing the most degradation of Staphylococcus spp., while on the other hand preserving vitamins, it was found that scrambling was the best method, followed by the frying and boiling methods respectively.
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Thongsawad, Sanigan. "Burden and epidemiological characterisations of Streptococcus suis in Chiang Mai, Thailand". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29002.
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The burden of Streptococcus suis infection in humans is increasing worldwide. In Thailand, S. suis is the second most commonly recorded zoonosis. The principal sources of human S. suis infection are pig and pork products. A detailed understanding of the epidemiological characteristics of S. suis and the burden of the disease may help improve prevention and control policy to reduce the burden of this bacterial infection. The work presented in this thesis focuses on human outbreaks of S. suis in Chiang Mai, Thailand, in humans and backyard pigs. This thesis examined the characteristics of previous outbreaks of S. suis in humans and calculated the incidence, disease burden and the associated economic burden of S. suis infection in Chiang Mai. The backyard pig system is important for S. suis transmission and this thesis examined the characteristics of the backyard pig production system in Chaing Mai and examined the prevalence and risk factor for S. suis infection in pigs. Finally, to examine transmission of S. suis, isolates collected during this study were identified and subject to molecular characterization. A retrospective analysis of surveillance data for S. suis cases in Chiang Mai between 2005 to 2014 highlighted the annual incidence rate over this ten year period of 15.52 per 1,000,000 population, 6.5 times higher than for the rest of Thailand (2.37 per 1,000,000 population). The case fatality rate was high at 10.12%. The impact on human health of S. suis infection was derived from surveillance data for the year 2013. The health burden measured in term of Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) was estimated at 7.41 per 100,000 population. Most of the health burden (98.28%) was in adults aged 15-64 years. Males had 3.5 times the health burden of females. The consequences of hearing loss and deafness had significant impacts on affected individuals quality of life. The economic impact of S. suis outbreaks in Chiang Mai was between 2013 and 2014 was estimated from interview data. Most patients were covered for their health costs by the national health security scheme, with expenditure due to S. suis on average being 37,955 baht (£759) per patient. Out of pocket expenses for individuals and their families averaged 5,198 baht (£104) per patient. An epidemiological survey of backyard pig production facilities was undertaken in Chiang Mai province where there was a reported high incidence of S. suis cases in humans occurred each year. Most holdings had between one to five pigs and all holdings shared similar characteristics and management practices. The prevalence of S. suis was in pigs was 4.8% (95%CI=2.2-7.4%). Pigs living in larger spaces (≥ 1.2 m2) showed a lower risk for S. suis infection (OR = 4.35, 95% CI = 1.07-25.21). Examination of the isolates from this study revealed a diversity of serotypes. Only one isolate was identified as S. suis serotype 9. The rest did not match any common serotypes for S. suis (1, 2, 7 or 9) and known virulent strains were not identified. Twelve independent sequence profiles were determined by MLST, of which, 11 were novel. Backyard pigs were found to be commonly infected with a range of previously unidentified S. suis and may be a significant reservoir of human infection.
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Chen, Jing. "Economic development and the evolution of backyard livestock production : a case study of hog production in China /". For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/519661605.pdf.
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Urdinez, Francisco. "China in the backyard: Chinese assertiveness and United States\' hegemony in Latin America between 2001 and 2015". Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/101/101131/tde-20062017-140250/.
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This thesis seeks to analyse the relationship between China\'s assertiveness and US hegemony in Latin America in the period 2001-2015. The analysis was done by mixing quantitative and qualitative methods, and has as a central hypothesis that the American hegemony (which is assumed in retraction) negatively affected China\'s assertiveness in the region. The thesis consists of seven chapters, ranging from general conclusions to particular conclusions. The hypothesis proves empirically, but variations are also found between countries and variations by economic activity. I conclude that China approached Latin America through a strategy of accommodative assertiveness, and Latin American countries responded to that approach aiming at diversifying their relationships.Esta tese busca analisar a relação entre a ascensão da China e a hegemonia norte-americana na America Latina no período de 2001-2015. A analise foi feita misturando métodos quantitativos e qualitativos, e tem como hipótese central que a hegemonia norte-americana (que se assume em retração) afetou negativamente a ascensão da China. A tese está composta por sete capítulos, indo de conclusões gerais a conclusões particulares. A hipótese se prova empiricamente, mas também se encontram variações entre países e variações por atividade econômica. Concluo que a China se aproximou da América Latina por meio de uma estratégia de assertividade acomodativa e os países latino-americanos responderam a essa abordagem visando diversificar suas relações.
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Wiratsudakul, Anuwat. "Mathematical modelling of the infectious spread of avian influenza on a backyard chicken production chain in Thailand". Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF22469/document.
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L’Influenza Aviaire Hautement Pathogène H5N1 (IAHP à H5N1) a été déclaré en Thaïlande lors de plusieurs vagues épidémiques puis lors de cas sporadiques entre 2004 et 2008, et le risque persiste encore en Thaïlande. La plupart des foyers confirmés d’IAHP à H5N1 en Thaïlande ont eu lieu dans les populations de volailles de basse-cour. Les poulets de basse-cour sont élevés pour de nombreuses raisons, y compris pour un revenu supplémentaire. Ce commerce est géré informellement par les collecteurs de volailles qui peuvent être classés en collecteur-abatteur (TS), sous-collecteur (HT) et collecteur de collecteurs (TT). Ces collecteurs se déplacent entre villages avec les mêmes véhicules et matériel non nettoyés. Nous avons mesuré leurs activités commerciales dans l'espace et le temps. Nous avons développé un modèle spatial dynamique compartimental et stochastique de la filière de poulet de basse-cour dans une province. Nos résultats indiquent que ces échanges commerciaux peuvent contribuer à la propagation d’IAHP à H5N1 grâce au chevauchement des zones de collecte et aux distances parcourues. Des variations temporelles ont été observées lors de certaines grandes fêtes rituelles tel le Nouvel An chinois. Nous avons développé un modèle SIR couplé au modèle de la filière de poulets. Nous avons supposé que la maladie peut se propager par deux moyens : localement entre villages voisins et par les échanges commerciaux. Nous avons utilisé ce modèle infectieux de base pour tester plusieurs mesures de contrôle connexes. Nos résultats suggèrent que lors d’un foyer une interdiction totale et rapide de tous les échanges de volailles devrait être mise en oeuvre ainsi qu’une campagne de désinfectionHighly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 (HPAI H5N1) was recognized in Thailand by multiple epidemic waves and some sporadic cases between 2004 and 2008 but the risk of disease remerging in Thailand still remains up to present. Most of HPAI H5N1 confirmed outbreaks in Thailand occurred in backyard chicken populations. Backyard chickens are reared for many purposes including for additional cash income. Backyard chicken trade is informally managed by poultry traders which can be categorized into trader–slaughterhouse (TS), household trader (HT) and trader of trader (TT). These traders roam around different villages with the same unclean vehicle and facilities. Thus, their trade patterns in space and time are necessary to be elaborately studied. In our study, we developed a spatial compartmental stochastic dynamic model of backyard chicken trade network in a province of Thailand. Our model results indicated that the structure of poultry networks may contribute to HPAI H5N1 spread through overlapped catchment areas and long distance trades. Also, temporal variations of live poultry movements were observed during some major ritual festivals especially Chinese New Year. Subsequently, we developed an SIR model upon the dynamic model of backyard chicken trade network. It was assumed in this study that the disease can spread by two means: local spread to neighboring uninfected villages and spread by poultry traders. Then, we used this baseline infectious model to test multiple related control measures. Our ultimate results suggested that a complete ban of all poultry traders should be promptly implemented with poultry area disinfection campaign once the outbreak occurs
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Musako, Chimuka. "Determination of the seroprevalence of Newcastle disease virus (Avian paramyxovirus type 1) in Zambian backyard chicken flocks". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26195.
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The specific objectives of this study were to determine the Newcastle disease virus (NDV) antibody titres from the chicken sera collected from various districts and provinces of Zambia and to determine the seroprevalence of ND in Zambian backyard chickens. Results showed that 73.9 % of the birds sampled tested positive for Newcastle disease (ND) antibodies. The seroprevalence of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in Zambian backyard chicken flocks varied among the five provinces sampled, ranging from 82.6 % in Eastern Province to 48.3 % in Luapula Province. The seroprevalence of the virus also varied among the 11 districts sampled, ranging from 91.3 % in Monze District of Southern Province to 22.8 % in Mufulira District of the Copperbelt Province. The results indicated that the seroprevalence of ND in Zambia has increased since the last survey conducted in 1994. The data generated is expected to contribute towards a more clear understanding of the epidemiology of NDV that would ultimately contribute towards an improved ND control programme to benefit all stakeholders in Zambia. An improved ND control programme is expected to enhance flock numbers and ultimately improve the dietary requirements and income needs of many poor households in the country.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Veterinary Tropical Diseases
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Jachs, Brent. "Not in my backyard: the obligation to grant places of refuge to ships in need of assistance". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20842.
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Oceans cover 70% of the world's surface and are a source of 90% of the world's biomass. Oceans provide the world's populations with food and facilitate international trade in goods. The shipping industry is a notable source (although not leading source) of marine pollution both from operational discharges and maritime incidents. With a vast number of ships navigating the world's oceans the impact of maritime incidents, especially of bulk carriers of oil, on the marine environment can be devastating. Ships which become distressed often attempt to find a 'place of refuge', being nearby port or a sheltered area within the territorial waters of a nearby coastal state. Traditionally these ships in distress had the customary law right of entry into port in order to ensure that persons on board could be saved. This position seems to have changed in the modern age. With the advancement of modern technology persons on board can be saved without bringing the distressed ship into port. In addition, these ships in distress present a serious risk to the marine environment within the waters of the coastal state. Coastal state practice seems to indicate that coastal states prioritise the preservation of their own sovereign waters over the needs of the particular ship in distress, especially where there is no risk to human life. It would seem that the traditional customary law rights of ships in distress do not apply to circumstances where there is no risk to the persons on board and where there is only a risk to the marine environment. These ships are now commonly called ships in need of assistance and are differentiated from ships in distress due to the fact that the risk is one to the marine environment and not to human life. The result of the refusing places of refuge creates the problem of ships in need of assistance as such ships proceed to beg for entry from other nearby coastal states usually being refused along the way. Through the discussion of notable maritime incidents of this nature it will be shown that such refusal of entry by coastal states into a place of refuge is a leading factor that increases the probability of a maritime incident occurring and thereby increasing the likelihood of damage to the marine environment. The concept of state sovereignty has been utilised as a justification for coastal states refusing entry into a place of refuge. This dissertation will discuss the concept of coastal state sovereignty paying particular attention to the legislative and enforcement rights of coastal states in the regulation of pollution and the protection of the marine environment. The international community has long since recognised that the protection of the marine environment is a general state duty and a principle of international customary law. The duty to protect and preserve the marine environment guides, informs and restricts coastal state action. This dissertation analyses the relationship between sovereignty and the duty to protect the marine environment in the context of ships in need of assistance in modern international law. This dissertation seeks to conclude with an overall analysis of the current customary and modern international law rights of ships in need of assistance in order to determine whether coastal states are obliged to grant places of refuge. The IMO Guidelines will be discussed to analyse whether same add any value to the problem of ships in need of assistance and to what end such guidelines indicate further development on this issue.
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Adderley, Eboni Deanne. "Appraisal of Backyard Gardening Intentions among Bahamian Residents on the Islands of New Providence and Grand Bahama". The Ohio State University, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu161902008512008.
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Reis, Wanderlene Cardozo Ferreira. "Poético, afetivo e semiótico: o significado de quintal em narrativas de duas gerações de famílias". Universidade Catolica de Salvador, 2015. http://ri.ucsal.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456730/145.
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Alguns aspectos justificam a necessidade de se estudar a permanência de quintais nas grandes cidades: a) os quintais remanescentes constituem recursos icônicos e simbólicos importantes para socialização e transmissão de cultura para as famílias e seus descendentes; portanto, são ambientes de desenvolvimento; b) os quintais poderão ser a chave de acesso a um conhecimento mais profundo da vida dos sujeitos, resgatando memórias relevantes num mundo cada vez mais superficial, automatizado e sem afeição; e c) pelas lacunas observadas nos estudos que tratam sobre este tema, quanto ao foco sobre a subjetividade. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo, investigar os significados atribuídos aos quintais em narrativas de diferentes gerações de famílias residentes em áreas urbanas no século XXI, na cidade de Salvador, Bahia. O presente estudo classifica-se claramente como uma abordagem etnográfica e autoetnográfica. Nos processos simbólicos, destacaram-se as diferentes formas pelas quais a pessoa se identifica com o seu entorno, valoriza e preserva o lugar, mediante processos afetivos que estão relacionados à atração pelo lugar, - o quanto este é “afetivado” e lhe proporciona bem estar pessoal. O quintal é composto e modelado por seus moradores com base nos significados por estes atribuídos ao lugar. Portanto, é um microssistema construído pelas pessoas que vivem nele. Trata-se de um espaço cultural que depende das avaliações, primeiramente afetivas e depois cognitivas, pois parece estar associado, na perspectiva dos participantes, ao desejo de liberdade, de solidariedade e de amor. O cuidado com o quintal e o sentimento a este dispensado estiveram presentes em todas as faixas etárias estudadas, o que constitui uma descoberta importante. Diferentemente dos quintais agroflorestais, estudados por diversos autores apresentados, os quintais urbanos contribuem muito pouco para a alimentação dos membros das famílias. Contudo, esse processo não se refletiu no desuso do mesmo, visto que outros significados semióticos, de caráter mais afetivo, possibilitaram que o mesmo passasse a se constituir como “espaço biográfico”.
Some aspects justify the need to study the permanence of backyards in the big cities: a) the remaining yards are important iconic and symbolic resources for socialization and transmission of culture to families and their descendants; so they are development environments; b) the yards may be the key to access to a deeper knowledge from the subjects’ life, rescuing relevant memories in an increasingly perfunctory world, automated and without affection; and (c) by the gaps observed in studies dealing with this topic, regarding the focus on subjectivity. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the meanings assigned to backyards in narratives of different generations of families living in urban areas in the 21st century, in the city of Salvador, Bahia. The present study clearly ranks as an ethnographic and autoethnographic approach. On the symbolic processes, the different ways highlighted in which the person identifies itself with its surroundings, values and preserves the place by affective processes that are related to the attraction to the place-how this is "effected" and gives its personal well-being. The backyard is composite and modeled by its residents on the basis of these meanings attributed to the place. Therefore, it is a micro system built by the people who live in it. It is a cultural space that depends on the reviews, first, and then cognitive affective, because it seems to be associated, in the participants’ perspective, the desire for freedom, solidarity and love. The care given to the yard and the feeling dispensed with it were present in all age groups assessed, what constitutes an important finding. Differently from the agroforestry backyards, studied by various authors submitted, the urban backyards contribute very short for feeding households’ members. However, this process was not reflected in the disuse of itself, since other semiotic meanings, most affective character, enabled it to constitute like a "biographical space".
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Gutierrez-Ruiz, Edwin Hose. "Isolation and characterisation of infectious bronchitis and other respiratory viruses from backyard (free-range) village chickens from Yucatan, Mexico". Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.411332.
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Killian, Mary Lea. "Identification and characterization of H2N3 avian influenza virus from backyard poultry and comparison to novel H2N3 swine influenza virus". [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009.
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Rousseau, Eloise. "Testing the appetite of potential players in the housing microfinance field to develop niche loans for backyard shack formalization". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29030.
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Backyard shacks prevalent in new government-sponsored housing developments is a distinctly South African phenomenon (Lemanski, 2009). Conventional housing finance and government housing delivery systems have consistently failed to meet the housing needs of lower income South Africans (Sisulu, 2005); however the informal market has responded to the housing need. The rate at which new households create informal housing now exceeds the rate of government housing - and infrastructure provision (Durand-Lasserve et al, 2002). Backyard shacks in formalized areas create a number of problems relating to urban management and public health; however backyard shacks have enormous potential as a means of achieving high-level government policy objectives such as densifying existing serviced neighbourhoods. South Africa's policy environment has not been successful in unlocking the potential that backyard shack formalization holds. Government interventions such as the provision of grants and subsidies have resulted in sub-optimal allocation of resources and unintended negative consequences. Housing Microfinance (HMF) is increasingly viewed as an important tool that can facilitate access to affordable, appropriate shelter for lower-income households (Daphnis and Ferguson, 2004); however the industry's potential remains untapped (Kihato, 2013). Whilst there are ranges of potential players in the HMF field that may be better positioned to intervene in the formalization of backyard shacks by means of providing financing products, they are not incentivized to achieve the high-level government policy objectives that have driven the unsuccessful government intervention thus far. This study tests the appetite of potential players in the HMF sector to develop a niche loan targeted at beneficiaries of government-sponsored houses, which can be used to finance the formalization of backyard shacks. Concerns around - and prerequisites for involvement in such an initiative were identified by means of conducting in-depth interviews with potential players in the HMF sector. The major concerns around involvement in the development of a niche loan related to using a RDP house as collateral for a loan and to social justice concerns in terms of assisting RDP recipients and not backyard tenants. Prerequisites for involvement related to partnering with other potential players and the community and to educate potential clients on personal finance and encourage investment in their own properties.
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Bolehovský, Petr. "Vliv umístění zařízení na nakládání s odpady na regionální rozvoj a síla vlivu NIMBY efektu ("not in my backyard")". Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-72752.
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NIMBY is widely used acronym for people's unwilingness to house noxious facilities in their immediate neighborhood. People feel that they are somewhat and they expect to be compensated for this. Goal of this thesis is to evaluate influence of monetary compensations on people's willingness to accept these facilities. Evaluates effects of Crowding Theory, extristic and intristic motivations on willingness to accept these facilities. Used method was qualitative analysis in form of controlled interviews with key stakeholders (mayor and town citizens). Author tries to evaluate if the NIMBY effect is the main reason for generally bad acceptance of this facilities. This thesis explores the NIMBY effect on construction of one of these facilities in town Chotíkov with a view on the gradual development of view throughout the population of this town.
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Andrews, Steven Matthew. "In Our Own Backyard: A Qualitative Investigation of Marginalized and Dominant Perspectives on White Privilege in Counseling Psychology Training Programs". OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/736.
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Systemic racism endures in the United States (Feagin, 2010). The race-related barriers experienced by trainees of color in counseling, clinical, and school psychology programs (Clark et al., 2012; Maton et al., 2011) reflect this reality. Focusing exclusively on the barriers confronting people of color, though, can distract from the benefits and power that Whites accrue to maintain a system of privilege and oppression. Recently, counseling psychologists have recognized the critical importance of understanding social privilege (Israel, 2012) and its unique features based on context (Ancis & Szymanski, 2001). However, the study of White privilege within counseling psychology training is an underrepresented area of the literature. To address this gap and more deeply explore racial inequities in training, interpretative phenomenological analysis (Smith, 1996) was used to guide a qualitative exploration of White privilege in counseling psychology training programs. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with advanced-level doctoral trainees in APA-accredited programs. In addition to recruiting White trainees, Black participants were also recruited to honor a marginalized perspective on White privilege. Encounters with White privilege in training were particularly salient and painful for Black participants. White participants identified a number of unearned racial advantages, and other unacknowledged privileges in their accounts were revealed through analysis. Emerging superordinate themes and subthemes from each subsample are presented separately and then examined concurrently. Recommendations for counseling psychology training programs are made, and a developing list of White privileges in training environments is presented.
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Brand, James. "Not in my backyard: strategic infrastructure projects and the decision-making criteria to be applied to land-use planning applications". Thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9182.
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Includes bibliographical referencesSouth Africa’s National Development Plan can be described as an ambitious document that recognises the need for much needed infrastructure development in South Africa. The strategic infrastructure projects (“SIPS”) which are identified in the National Development Plan as being required to propel economic development in South Africa, have been listed in an equally ambitious piece of draft legislation in the form of the draft Infrastructure Development Bill. Through a number of initiatives this Bill is aimed at fast tracking strategic infrastructure development. However, it remains to be seen whether this draft legislation will pass Constitutional law scrutiny in its passage through Parliament. What is clear, however, is that the South African Government recognises the need for infrastructure development and appears to be determined to fast-track the development of strategic infrastructure projects in South Africa.
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Gibbs, Andrew Daniel. "Understanding the Impacts of Urbanization on the Avian Community of Portland Oregon and Evaluation of the Portland Oregon Backyard Habitat Certification Program". PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4386.
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Over fifty percent of humans live in cities. The environmental cost of this is massive, as is the potential for utilizing privately held yards as an integral part of conservation in urban areas. The Backyard Habitat Certification Program (BHCP) in Portland, Oregon, was established to reduce invasive plants, support wildlife, and promote conservation. The program involves > 3000 yards certified at three tiers. While onsite inspections are required to verify compliance, there has never been an assessment of the value of these yards to wildlife. Chapter 1 examined the relationships between the urban landscape and bird distributions outside of yards. Chapter 2 evaluated the ability of the program to separate yards by assessing differences in vegetation structure and composition. Chapter 3 tested if avian abundance, richness and diversity in yards are a product of responses to yard or landscape vegetation structure. Avian data was collected at 146 yards and 73 random locations in 2013 and 2014. Public landscape data was used to collect yard data in the field. Avian abundance, richness, and diversity were affected negatively by urbanization (especially impervious surface) and population density, but positively by tree cover. The BHCP was effective at distinguishing platinum yards from others, but overlap was relatively high among gold, silver and uncertified yards. Avian abundance, richness and diversity within yards was less affected by yard vegetation than the structure of habitat in the surrounding landscape. Species responded individualistically to yard vegetation and the urban landscape, and response was a continuum of tolerance to urbanization. Ultimately, the ability of yards to support wildlife will depend on wide scale neighborhood participation.
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Call, Rob, Rick Gibson e Mike Kilby. "Pecan Production Guidelines for Small Orchards and Home Yards". College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144751.
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Crisp, Zoë Francesca. "The urban back garden in England in the nineteenth century". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607993.
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Adcock, Amber. "The Enemy in our Backyard: A Study of the German POW Experience in North Carolina and the Program's Effect on World War II". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/114.
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This thesis seeks to examine the experiences of German POWs in North Carolina in World War II. It examines their activities, thoughts, feelings, and other interesting aspects of their time in the United States. This thesis also provides adequate information on the establishment of the POW program, and examines how this program impacted Americans at home and abroad.