Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Attribute (guṇa)"

Both Āyurweda and Philosophy are two subject streams, which are more close to the worldly and spiritual lives of human beings. Their connection is non-separable even in the beginning of these two systems. Therefore, it is worthy to investigate the connection between these two systems according to the cognition of seven categories and atoms, which are defined in the philosophy of Vaiśeṣika and how they are applied for the treatments of Āyurveda. The enumeration of categories included in Vaiśeṣika system such as; Dravya, Guṇa, Karma, Sāmānya, Viśeṣa, and Samavāya have been applied for the descriptions in the Āyurvedic treatments. Both these systems accept that the substance is the main component and that others all depend under the substance. Vaiśeṣika mentions of five types of Karma developed by Ūrdhva etc. Caraka and Susṛta have discussed about Pañca karma, Agni karma, Jāta karma etc. According to the philosophy of Vaiśeṣika, Sāmānya (General) means similarity of all objects and each other. For instance, the existence in combinative position of Substance, Attribute, and Action are depended upon their appearance of Sāmānya as well as Viśeṣa. In Āyurvedic system, one of the fundamental elements is awareness of resemblance. The resemblance of the substance, attribute, and action is always becomes the cause of increasing healthiness. On the other hand, their dissimilarity is the cause of reducing healthiness itself. Both systems accept that the Ātma is eternal. From these facts, it would appear that the Āyurvedic system have applied the concepts in philosophy of Vaiśeṣika for the use of a practical methodological system.

In the Home Industry of coconut sugar, the cost and profit calculation is still conventional. Profit calculation is needed in order to get the maximum profit of the business. The company's profit is related to cost, sales volume and selling price. One of the analytical tools that can be used is Cost Volume Profit (CVP) analysis. Profitability is a benchmark of the company's performance to generating the net income. The research aim to analyze the income, breakeven point, profitability ability and sensitivity, also analysing consumer perception about attribute level of importance and satisfaction of coconut sugar product in Dusun Hibrida, Pal 30 Village, Lais District, North Bengkulu Regency, Bengkulu Province. From sales of coconut sugar products amounted to Rp.60.183,47 per production. Which the profitability of coconut sugar products is 46%. If product performance exceeds the consumer expectations, they will feel satisfied. Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) is used to maping the relationship between importance and performance of each product attribute. The most important attributes and have good performance related to consumers is coconut sugar hygiene, taste, and food / beverages, coconut sugar color, durability, ease of accessing the product, and coconut sugar solubility, that’s attributes need to be maintained.

This study aims to: (1) Describe consumer buying behavior towards Crystals Palm Sugar from point of purchase, purchase frequency, purchase amount and purchase purposes on Lombok Island, (2) Analyze consumer preferences on Crystals Palm Sugar attributes on Lombok Island. The method used is the descriptive method. The unit of analysis in this study was the consumers of crystals palm sugar on the island of Lombok. Determination of the sample area using purposive sampling with the consideration that West Lombok Regency is an crystals palm sugar production location and sale location and the city of Mataram is a crystals palm sugar production retail outlet. The number of respondents in this study was 50 respondents that were determined by the accidental sampling technique. The types of data used are qualitative data and quantitative data. The data sources used are primary data and secondary data. The data analysis used was an interval scale evaluation and it was processed by conjoint analysis with the help of the SPSS version 25 application. The results of this study indicate that: (1) The purchasing behavior of crystals palm sugar consumers in Lombok Island is that they prefer to buy at the production site, twice a month, the number of purchases is > 1000 gr in a month, and the purpose of the purchase is for consumption. (2) Crystals palm sugar attributes that are consumer preferences based on utility value are original flavor 0.095, IDR15,000-IDR25,000 price 0.357, permanent bag packaging type 0.180, BPOM label 0.590, halal label 0.855, and 1000gr size 0 .332. The crystals palm sugyar attributes that respondents considered the most when choosing crystal palm sugar on Lombok Island in sequence, starting from most considered to least considered, were halal label value 23,599, price 21,068, BPOM label value 17,002, packaging type value 16,511, size value 14,601, and last one is the aroma attribute with an importance value of 7.219.

Abstract: Positioning is part of a marketing strategy in winning thecompetition. By arranging a product that occupies a clear place, and is moredesirable than competing products, it makes the product strong and will lasta long time in winning the market competition. The purpose of this researchis to analyze the marketing strategy through the positioning of basic sugarproducts. By using the attributes of packaged sugar obtained from theconsumer intercept survey on 30 respondents who frequently purchasepackaged sugar. From these attributes it is used as a questionnaire and thedata will be analyzed using the cluster analysis method, factor analysis, andMDS. The results showed that there were 2 consumer segments inpurchasing packaged sugar. In addition, there are 2 strong dimensions thatinfluence consumers in purchasing packaged sugar. By using the marketingmix as a tool to design a marketing strategy in the development of Dasamanissugar marketing.Keywords: Positioning, Perceptual Mapping, Multidimensional scaling

We investigate the applicability and usefulness of the GUHA data mining method and its computer implementation LISp-Miner for driver characterization based on digital vehicle data on gas pedal position, vehicle speed, and others. Three analytical questions are assessed: (1) Which measured features, also called attributes, distinguish each driver from all other drivers? (2) Comparing one driver separately in pairs with each of the other drivers, which are the most distinguishing attributes? (3) Comparing one driver separately in pairs with each of the other drivers, which attributes values show significant differences between drivers? The analyzed data consist of 94,380 measurements and contain clear and understandable patterns to be found by LISp-Miner. In conclusion, we find that the GUHA method is well suited for such tasks.

Sugar is one of the potential plantation commodities from the agricultural sector in Indonesia. The huge population of Indonesia is causing high sugar consumption quantity every year. This condition is not supported by the national sugar high productivity, resulting in import of refined sugar. The purpose of this study is to measure the sugar industries’ sustainability indexes to increase the improvement strategies priority. This study uses a Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) method with eight dimensions that consist of thirty-four attributes. The analysis is performed for two years, from 2012-2014 in the sugar industry as a case study in this study. Successive performance is considered in “good” condition, however the material dimension should be the priority concern in future improvement.

The research objectives are to 1) investigae the patternof input supplyin palm sugar industries; 2) determinethe factors that influenced palm sugar production, 3) examine important and need to increase attributes of agribusines marketing and financial institutions, and 4) analyze the degree of palm sugar producers’ satisfaction toward marketing and finance instituion services. The research location is selected using two metode stage cluster area sampling, starting from selecting two subdistricts, i.e., Sindang Kelingi and Selupu Rejang, followed by selecting two villages, i.e, Sindang Jati and Air Meles Atas. The criteria are based on the number of industries on each region selected. Eighty six respondents are selected using simple random sampling. To answer the purposes of this research, the research uses descriptive analysis, quantitative analysis of Cobb-Douglas function, Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) method and Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) method. The research result shows that the inputs used the palm sugar productionare from buying, their owned, and rented. The result also shows that the volume of nira is important input in palm sugar production, while other factors, i.e., firewood, man labor, woman labor, are not. Important attributes of marketing institutions are the trader’s price discrimination toward the quality of palm sugar, providing the right information of price, the timing in giving information of price, and the accepting of the trader to appreciate and serving the need of the palm sugar producers. While important attributes of financial institutions include right time of disbursement, the ability of giving services to the palm sugar producers, the ability in helping process of borrow to the palm sugar producers, the ability of giving information to the palm sugar producers with easy language and easy to understand, honestly and patient in giving serve to the palm sugar producers, and providing enough time in serving palm sugar producers. Further, the result show that CSI of quality service of the marketing insitutionis 85,80%, meaning that palm sugar producers are really satisfy with the works af marketing institution. While CSI attributes to serve by financial institution is 80,55% indicating that the palm sugar producers are also satisfy with the work of financial instituions.Key words : Palm Sugar, Agribusiness, Important Performance Analyis, Consumers Satisfaction

Background and Objective: Folk medicinal plants are densely found in India which needs to be thorough-ly studied and documented. Andrographis Macrobotrys (Nees) is an erect, stout herb of Acanthaceae fami-ly is used in the treatment of snake bite, diarrhea, muscle pain, fever, jaundice, liver disorders and skin dis-ease by the tribes of Kerala. According to the principles of Ayurveda, basis for use of drug is by analysing its Rasapanchaka (attributes) namely rasa (taste), guna (qualities), vipaka (taste after digestion), virya (po-tency), and prabhava (special action). Hence assessment of Rasapanchaka is necessary for thorough knowledge of the drug. Aim of the present study is to evaluate the Rasa, Guna, Virya, Vipaka and prabha-va of Andrographis Macrobotrys Nees. Methods: Rasa of whole plant was assessed by direct perception by administering test drug to 25 volun-teers. Virya was assessed by exothermic and endothermic reaction of the drug with water in different con-centrations. Vipaka, guna and prabhava were determined through animal experimental study by adminis-tering drug to 12 Wistar Albino rats. Result and Conclusion: The assessment of study on rasapanchaka reveals that test drug possess Tiktha (bitter) rasa, Kashaya (astringent) anurasa, laghu (light), ruksha (dry), ushna (hot) guna, katu (pungent) vipaka, sheetha (cold) virya, pachana (digestive), lekhana (scraping) karma (action).

The article discusses various information related to the scribe of the St. Cyril-Belozersk Monastery Bogolep Guba. It presents a list of all currently known manuscripts that can be attributed to Bogolep on the basis of his handwriting and an inventory of his donation to the St. Cyril-Belozersk Monastery. At present, twenty-one manuscripts are recognized either as copies made by Bogolep Guba or as books possessed by him, all of them dating from the second half of the sixteenth century. The article also names texts on chronography, grammar, and lexicography in which Bogolep Guba showed special interest. Numerous examples of cryptography in his manuscripts, that have been known but not attributed to Bogolep Guba, are also studied. The scope of Bogolep’s interests shows him to be a man of encyclopedic knowledge, familiar with contemporary works on grammar and lexicography. This fact and also the appearance of materials from his manuscripts in later redactions of the “Azbukovnik” suggest that it could be that kind of scribe who set to compile the “Azbukovnik” at the end of the sixteenth — beginning of the seventeenth centuries

Geographical Information System (GIS) is a computer-based system that has the ability to store, manipulate, analyze and re-display natural conditions with the help of spatial data and non-passive data (attributes). GIS also supports decision making in planning and management, land use, natural resources, and others. Land use is very important as the development of land that has the potential for a type of plant to prevent damage to the plants and land used. Sleman Regency has a vast and fertile plantation area and has a wet tropical climate, which affects plant fertility. With the many things that affect the type of plant for a particular land, a system that can display spatial and nonspatial information is needed that relates to land use in Sleman Regency.

Tese de doutoramento em Turismo, Lazer e Cultura, na especialidade de Património e Cultura, apresentada ao Departamento de Geografia e Turismo da Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Coimbra
O objeto desta tese doutoral é a avaliação da imagem de destino turístico e das relações causais entre imagem de destino, qualidade de serviço, satisfação e lealdade de comportamento, percebidas pelo turista de touring cultural em Portugal. O estudo pretende contribuir para a formulação de um modelo de fidelização do consumidor do produto turístico touring cultural e paisagístico e abrir caminho para os players desse segmento turístico desenvolverem instrumentos de medição com um valor mais elevado de diagnóstico e de aplicação. Analisar a experiência do turista de touring cultural e investigar as relações entre a qualidade dessa experiência, a imagem do destino, a satisfação do turista e a sua lealdade de comportamento ao destino permite explorar e entender as relações entre estes constructos, cujos resultados são vitais para a gestão de um destino turístico cultural e para um marketing do segmento turístico de touring bem sucedidos. O modelo estrutural foi testado numa amostra de 220 turistas de touring cultural que visitaram Portugal e que completaram um questionário realizado no final dos tours. A análise empírica permitiu conhecer o perfil do turista de touring que visita o país e permitiu concluir que a imagem de destino turístico de Portugal, percebida no final da experiência turística de touring, é um conceito multidimensional, integrado por várias dimensões que ocupam os contínuos atributo-holístico, funcional-psicológico e comum-único. A validação do modelo concetual proposto (Touring Loyalty Model) foi conseguida com a alta significância estatística, fazendo uso da análise de equações estruturais de mínimos quadrados parciais (PLS-SEM), em que as hipóteses decorrentes das relações causais da imagem de destino turístico (ID), das relações causais da satisfação com os atributos do destino (SA), e da satisfação global (SG) foram todas suportadas, sendo as hipóteses das relações causais dos constructos da qualidade da viagem de autocarro de turismo (QV) e da performance do guia (PG) parcialmente suportadas. Para além das 17 hipóteses teóricas postuladas, a análise multivariada permitiu concluir efeitos indiretos entre os constructos avaliados, nomeadamente o efeito indireto da imagem percebida do destino na satisfação com os atributos desse mesmo destino, com mediação da qualidade percebida da viagem de autocarro de turismo (ID→QV→SA). Permitiu, ainda, concluir o efeito indireto da imagem de destino na perceção de qualidade da performance do guia, mediado pela qualidade da viagem de autocarro de turismo (ID→QV→PG), e também, um efeito indireto da imagem de destino percebida na satisfação global do turista de touring, mediado pela satisfação percebida com os atributos do destino Portugal (ID→SA→SG). Em termos gerais os resultados revelam os efeitos diretos da imagem do destino na qualidade da experiência, na satisfação e na lealdade de comportamento do turista na sua intenção de revisita, permitindo concluir a evidência da relação imagem do destino→ qualidade da experiência→ satisfação→ lealdade de comportamento. Os resultados desta investigação contribuem para uma melhor compreensão de quais os mecanismos de lealdade de comportamento e os fatores de satisfação que representam uma base viável para aumentar a intenção de revisita do turista de touring, quer junto dos prestadores de serviços turísticos, quer do destino turístico.
The object of this doctoral thesis is to assess tourist destination image and the causal relationships between destination image, service quality, satisfaction and behavioural loyalty, perceived by the cultural touring tourist in Portugal. The research aims to contribute to the formulation of a tourist product consumer loyalty model of cultural and scenic touring, and to make way for players in this tourist segment to develop measuring instruments with a higher diagnostic value and application. To study the experience of the cultural touring tourist and to analyse the relationship between the quality of that experience, the destination image, the tourist satisfaction and the tourist behaviour loyalty makes possible to explore and understand how these constructs relate to each other. The outcomes are of upmost importance to cultural tourism destination management and for a successful touring marketing. The structural model was tested on a sample of 220 cultural touring tourists who visited Portugal and who completed a questionnaire conducted at the end of their tours. The empirical findings allowed to define the touring tourist profile that visited the country and to conclude that Portugal’s tourist destination image, perceived at the end of a touring tourist experience, is a multidimensional concept, composed of various dimensions occupying the attribute–holistic, functional-psychological and common-unique continuum of the destination image imagery and attributes. Validation of the conceptual model (Touring Loyalty Model) was achieved with high statistical significance, using structural equations of partial least squares analysis (PLS-SEM), enabling to prove that hypothesis resulting from the causal relationships of tourist destination image (ID), attribute satisfaction (SA) and overall satisfaction (SG) have been all supported, and the causal relationships of coach trip quality (QV) and tour guide performance (PG) were partially supported. In addition to the 17 postulated theoretical hypothesis, multivariate analysis concluded indirect effects between constructs, including the indirect effect of destination image in attribute satisfaction, with tour coach trip quality mediation (ID→QV→SA). In addition it proved an indirect effect of destination image on tour guide performance, mediated by perceived quality of coach trip quality (ID→QV→PG), besides an indirect effect of perceived destination image in overall satisfaction, this time mediated by attribute satisfaction (ID→SA→SG). Overall, the results present a complete evidence of direct and positive effects of destination image on service quality, satisfaction and tourist behavioural loyalty with revisiting intention, confirming a basic assumption supporting this research, with the path image destination → quality of experience → satisfaction → behavioural loyalty to be proved evident. The results of this work contribute to a better understanding of the behavioural mechanisms of satisfaction and loyalty that represent a viable basis to increase touring tourist revisit intentions, considering both tourist service providers and tourist destination as a whole.

This survey of research on psychology in five volumes is a part of a series undertaken by the ICSSR since 1969, which covers various disciplines under social science. Volume Three of the survey, Psychology of Organizations, focusses on some of the important facets of organizational behaviour. Research in the work setting has observed that factors like family responsibilities, non-work events, and employment-related legislation also influence work behaviour. Today, technology is increasingly playing greater role in organizational settings and workplaces are becoming more and more diverse in their social compositions. In addition, work is increasingly being accomplished by teams rather than by single individuals. The performance in work settings is not determined by the mental and physical abilities but by other attributes such as personality, interpersonal skills, and emotional intelligence. Work is also becoming complex, as people who participate in the activities at workplace often interact in complex ways. In this scenario, worker motivation is becoming a key challenge as it influences organizational performance. This volume examines issues of motivation, performance, and leadership in Indian organizations, along with consumer concerns in India. It explicates the dynamics of organizational performance and analyses the impact of employees’ negative attitude, affect, and behaviour in the corporate setting. The contributors also study moral and ethical dimensions of the corporate life and look at the way consumption practices have evolved in contemporary India. This volume also presents a model of ethical leadership based on Guna theory and principle of Karma appropriate for Indian setting. It explores the potential of inspirational meta value for revamping the corporate functioning and overcoming corruption and other malpractices.

Abstract “Human behavior, unlike that of physical objects, cannot be understood without reference to the meanings and purposes attached by human actors to their activities” (Guba & Lincoln, 1994, p. 106). As helping professionals, we have all too often assumed an understanding of our clients’ behaviors, without allowing them sufficient space for the telling of their own attributed meanings and purposes. As Giordano (1977) suggested, “Psychiatry has perpetuated the notion that the patient’s point of view toward treatment is likely to be distorted and inaccurate. Because social work agencies have generally maintained a psychological orientation, they, in turn, are able to avoid using the client’s viewpoint” (p. 34). Similarly, Mayer and Timms (1969) noted that “the client has rarely been asked what kind of help he wants or what he thinks of the help he has been given” (p. 32).

Ayurveda is an Indian traditional system of medicine. In present era, world is looking towards herbal medicine because of acceptability and safety. Medicinal plants constitute an effective source of Ayurvedic and other traditional system of medicines as well as modern medicine. In India, about 80% of the rural population depends on herbal medicines in primary health care level. A large percentage of plants used in herbal industries are subject of controversy. Non-availability of plants, poor understanding and parallel evolved knowledge systems are some of the reasons attributed to it. The existing practices of polynomial nomenclature system of Sanskrit, different perceptions in various communities, vernacular equivalents, all are cumulative factors for controversy, adulteration and substitution. “ Sandigdha Dravaya “ is a term used for that type of medicinal plants which are mentioned in Ayurvedic classics but their exact botanical source is not known. Adulterants and substitutes are the common practices in herbal raw material trade. Adulteration is a debasement of an article. The motives for intentional adulteration are normally commercial that which involves deterioration, admixture, sophistication, inferiority, spoilage and other unknown reasons. Substitution is a replacement of equivalent drugs in place of original drugs. The principles to select substitute drugs are based on similar Rasa, Guna, Virya, Vipaka and mainly the Karma. At present the adulteration and Substitution of the herbal drugs is the burning problem in herbal industry and in Ayurvedic practices. So it is necessary to develop reliable methodologies for correct identification, standardization and quality assurance of Ayurvedic drugs.