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Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Atomes dipolaires"
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Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Atomes dipolaires"
Schlosser, Nicolas. "Etude et réalisation de micro-pièges dipolaires optiques pour atomes neutres". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00001195.
Texto completo da fontel'implémentation de portes logiques quantiques. Dans ce contexte, cette étude
porte sur la réalisation d'un piège dipolaire optique de si petite taille qu'il
ne puisse contenir qu'un atome unique. Pour cela, il est nécessaire de
focaliser très fortement un laser à l'endroit où l'on désire capturer les
atomes. L'expérience s'articule donc autour d'un objectif de microscope de
grande ouverture numérique, entièrement conçu et réalisé au laboratoire. Cette
optique est utilisée pour faire focaliser un laser au centre d'un piège
magnéto-optique, réservoir d'atomes froids alimentant le piège dipolaire ainsi
créé.
Le dispositif d'observation des atomes piégés est basé sur le même objectif,
qui collecte, avec une grande efficacité, la fluorescence des atomes piégés et
en fait l'image sur une caméra CCD ou une photodiode à avalanche. La résolution
spatiale du dispositif utilisant la caméra permet d'obtenir une image des
atomes capturés, alors que l'on utilise la rapidité de la photodiode à
avalanche pour les études de la dynamique du piège avec une bonne résolution
temporelle.
Après une description détaillée de ce dispositif expérimental, nous montrons
qu'il est possible de réaliser des micro-pièges dipolaires optiques, de
quelques microns cube et contenant une dizaine d'atomes. L'étude de la
dynamique de chargement et de la durée de vie de ces pièges révèle également la
présence de processus de collisions à deux corps. Nous montrons ensuite qu'en
diminuant le taux de chargement il est possible d'observer, en temps réel, un
atome unique piégé pendant quelques secondes. Dans ce régime, un processus de
"blocage collisionnel" limite ce nombre d'atome à un. Pour finir, nous
décrirons la mise en place d'un double piège dipolaire, dans lequel on peut
piéger un atome unique dans chaque site. Ce dispositif ouvre la voie vers
l'étude de l'interaction entre atomes piégés individuellement.
Bouazza, Chayma. "Gaz de dysprosium ultrafroid dans des pièges dipolaires optiques : contrôle des interactions entre atomes fortement magnétiques". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEE012/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn this thesis, I present the study of the laser trapping and cooling of a Dysprosium atomic gas. This latter belong to the lanthanide family, it exhibits a large angular momentum in its electronic ground state, making it a suitable candidate for investigating dipolar quantum gases. These systems present a major interest as they can lead to the observation of novel quantum phenomena thanks to the anisotropic and long-range character of the interaction between magnetic dipoles. Moreover, Dysprosium has a rich electronic structure offering the possibility to implement strong light-spin coupling with a reduced heating with respect to alkali species, which paves the way toward the realization of synthetic gauge fields.In this work, I present the experimental investigation of different interaction mechanisms occurring in an ultracold gas of Dysprosium, ranging from light-assisted collisions to dipolar relaxation and evaporative cooling. I expose also the experimental realization of an effective magnetic field, using spin-dependent light-shift, allowing optical control over atomic interactions by means of Feshbach resonances
Houde, Olivier. "Réalisation d'éléments d'optique atomique : études d'un guide, d'une lame séparatrice dipolaire et d'un miroir concave magnétique". Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112229.
Texto completo da fonteThe topic of this work deals with the realization of atom optic elements. We have developed and studied three elements: a dipole guide, a dipole beam-splitter and a magnetic concave mirror. These elements have been analysed by studying their influence on a 87Rb cold atoms cloud in propagation due to gravity. Cold atoms are produced in a magneto-optical trap. The atomic guide uses the dipole force created by a far red-detuned, vertically directed, TEM_00 laser beam. The dipole interaction leads to a potential well with finite depth, which transversally confine a large part of the atoms during their propagation. The guiding atoms do not expand due to their temperature. We have guided 15% of the atoms over a 30 cm distance. The beam-splitter uses the dipole force created by two crossed dipole guides, the first one along the vertical direction and the second one along an oblique direction at an angle of 0. 12 rad from the vertical. The atoms are first guided by the vertical guide along a 4 mm distance. Then the oblique guide is switched on. In the overlap region of the two crossing guides, the initial cloud is split. At the beam-splitter output, we obtain two clouds separated from about 1 mm. The splitter efficiency is about 40%. The magnetic concave mirror uses the Stern and Gerlach effect. After a 2 mm fall in the gravity field, the atoms are submitted to a magnetic field gradient created by two coils in the anti-Helmholtz configuration. This magnetic field induces cloud bounces because it creates a potential well in which the cloud oscillates and undergoes transverse focalisations. We have observed two bounces and multiple focalisations
Fossez, Kévin. "Réactions de capture radiative et spectroscopie d'anions multipolaires dans le cadre du Gamow Shell Model". Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN2018.
Texto completo da fonteSmall open quantum systems, whose properties are profoundly affected by the environment of continuum states, are intensely studied in various fields of Physics: nuclear physics, atomic and molecular physics, quantum optics, etc. These different many-body systems, in spite of their specific features, have generic properties which are common to all weakly bound or unbound systems close to the threshold. Coupling to the continuum is essential to describe the low-energy nuclear reactions of astrophysical interest, the formation of halo states in nuclei, atomic clusters and dipolar anions, or the near-threshold two neutron and alpha particle correlations (clustering). Recently, the open quantum system extension of the nuclear shell model, the Gamow shell model (GSM), based on the Berggren ensemble, has been applied successfully for the description of resonant states spectra in atomic nuclei. The coupled-channel formulation of the GSM (GSM-CC) allows to describe various low-energy nuclear reactions. In this work, the GSM-CC is formulated and applied for the description of proton/neutron radiative capture reactions of astrophysical interest, such as: 17F ( p , gamma ) 18Ne, 7Be ( p , gamma ) 8B and 7Li ( n , gamma ) 8Li. Moreover, for the first time, the GSM has been applied in atomic physics for the description of spectra of dipolar anions. Systematic investigation of the hydrogen cyanide dipolar anion (HCN-) allowed to identify the collective bands of states both in the strong coupling regime, for weakly bound halo states, and in the weak coupling regime above the dissociation threshold. In the strong coupling regime, K_J = 0 anion a rotational band has been found. Above the threshold, K_J quantum number is not conserved. Resonances in this regime form rotational bands according to the angular momentum of the rotating molecule, whereas the bandhead energies and the lifetimes depend predominantly on the external electron wave function
Trifa, Youssef. "Dynamiques de corrélations et d'intrication dans des gaz d'atomes froids". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ENSL0018.
Texto completo da fonteThe quantum many-body problem, and especially the study of dynamical properties of a multipartite quantum system, is one of the hardest problems of modern physics. There exist only a few analytical results and exact numerical simulations require an amount of resources that grow exponentially with the system size.In this thesis, we studied correlations and entanglement properties for systems composed of magnetic atoms on a lattice, for instance via the generation of spin squeezing. For this purpose we have developed new approximate numerical methods that allow us to study large system sizes. This enabled us to propose protocols to generate an amount of spin squeezing that scales with the system size. The advantage is twofold. Since spin squeezing is an entanglement witness, this would allow for entanglement detection in a system of magnetic atoms - which has yet to be realized experimentally. Moreover, spin squeezing offers an important metrological advantage, asspin-squeezed states can be used for extremely precise measurements of external magnetic fields, far beyond what one can achieve within dependent atoms.Finally, we studied the generation of other forms of entanglement, namely Dicke squeezing (of spin or momentum), in systems of Bose condensed atoms. This form of entanglement is well-known in spin-1 atomic condensates. Here, we propose a protocol to generalize it to the case of momentum modes, using a time-dependent Hamiltonian. The entangled states generated during the dynamics are potentially useful for the precision measurements of inertial forces
Celistrino, Teixeira Raul. "Effets mécaniques de l'interaction dipolaire des atomes de Rydberg sondés par spectroscopie microonde". Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066224/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe typical energy scales that arise from dipolar interaction between Rydberg atoms are orders of magnitude bigger than those related to the interaction between atoms and molecules at the ground level. A length scale of several micrometres stems from that strong interaction, which is the cause of the so-called dipole blockade effect, or the suppression of excitation of Rydberg atoms within dense atomic clouds. In the first part of this thesis, we study the possibility of using this effect to the deterministic excitation of a single atom within a Bose-Einstein condensate in a magnetic trap created on an atom chip. In a second part, we study the dipolar interaction of Rydberg atoms in dense ensembles, through microwave spectroscopy of transitions between Rydberg levels close in energy. These ensembles are created by laser excitation of Rb87 atoms initially in the ground level, trapped in a dense, cold cloud. The spectra of the microwave transitions are broadened and shifted, due to dipolar interaction. The study of these spectra then allows to infer several aspects of the spatial distribution of the Rydberg atoms, which reveals different excitation processes depending whether the laser light is in resonance or shifted with respect to the Rydberg transition. The mechanical evolution of the Rydberg atom cloud as a function of their mutual repulsive interaction was also observed, by performing microwave spectroscopy at different delays from the laser excitation. By these observations we show that, for time scales bigger than 10µs, their movement must be taken into account if one wants to understand the dynamics of the Rydberg excitation in dense atomic clouds
Cantat-Moltrecht, Tigrane. "Atomes de Rydberg en interaction : des nuages denses d'atomes de Rydberg à la simulation quantique avec des atomes circulaires". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEE001/document.
Texto completo da fonteInteracting many-body quantum systems are at the heart of contemporary research in quantum physics. The understanding of such systems is crucial to the development of condensed-matter physics. Many research efforts aim at building a "quantum simulator": a platform which allows to model a hard-to-access quantum system with a more controllable one. Ensembles of Rydberg atoms, thanks to their strong dipolar interactions, make for an excellent system to study many-body quantum physics. We present here a study of the excitation of a dense cloud of interacting Rydberg atoms. This study was conducted on an experimental setup mixing on-chip cold atoms techniques with Rydberg atoms manipulation techniques. The result of this study leads us to make a full-fledged proposal for the realisation of a quantum simulator, based on trapped circular Rydberg atoms. The proposed simulator is particularly promising due to its flexibility and to the long simulation times for which it would allow. We conclude this manuscript with a detailed description of the first experimental step towards building such a simulator: the on-chip excitation of circular Rydberg atoms
Nguyen, Thanh Long. "Study of dipole-dipole interaction between Rydberg atoms : toward quantum simulation with Rydberg atoms". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066695/document.
Texto completo da fonteQuantum simulation offers a highly promising way to understand large correlated quantum systems, and many experimental platforms are now being developed. Rydberg atoms are especially appealing thanks to their strong and short-range dipole-dipole interaction. In our setup, we prepare and manipulate ensembles of Rydberg atoms excited from an ultracold atomic cloud magnetically trapped above a superconducting chip. The dynamics of the Rydberg excitation can be controlled through the laser excitation process. The many-body atomic interaction energy spectrum is then directly measured through microwave spectroscopy. This thesis develops a rigorous Monte Carlo model that provides an insight into the excitation process. Using this model, we discuss a possibility to explore quantum simulations of energy transport in a 1D chain of low angular momentum Rydberg atoms. Furthermore, we propose an innovative platform for quantum simulations. It relies on a groundbreaking approach, based on laser-trapped ensemble of extremely long-lived, strongly interacting circular Rydberg atoms. We present intensive numerical results as well as discuss a wide range of problems that can be addressed with the proposed model
Perrin, Hélène. "Refroidissement d'atomes de césium confinés dans un piège dipolaire très désaccordé". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003896.
Texto completo da fonteDans une première série d'expériences, on superpose au piège un réseau interférentiel unidimensionnel de pas comparable à la longueur d'onde optique. On peut résoudre la structure vibrationnelle induite avec les transitions Raman. Les atomes sont refroidis dans ce réseau par la méthode du refroidissement par bandes latérales initialement développée pour les ions et appliquée pour la première fois ici aux atomes neutres. On prépare ainsi un échantillon d'atomes froids avec 90% des atomes dans le niveau fondamental du réseau.
Cette thèse présente également les résultats obtenus sur les atomes piégés par refroidissement Raman. Cette technique, très efficace à une dimension sur les atomes libres, est étendue à trois dimensions sur des atomes piégés, polarisés ou non. On a développé ici une méthode permettant simultanément de polariser et de refroidir les atomes en utilisant la transition Raman. On obtient des températures de l'ordre de 2 µK avec des densités atomiques de l'ordre de 10^12 atomes/cm3, ce qui représente un gain de trois à quatre ordres de grandeur par rapport à un piège magnéto-optique. On montre que la limite atteinte est due à la réabsorption par les atomes refroidis de photons résonnants issus du repompage. En réduisant volontairement la densité atomique, on limite la réabsorption, ce qui permet d'atteindre des températures encore plus basses (680 nK).
Dreon, Davide. "Designing and building an ultracold Dysprosium experiment : a new framework for light-spin interaction". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEE036/document.
Texto completo da fonteIn this thesis I present the construction of a new experiment producing ultra cold gases of Dysprosium. Using the favourable electronic structure of open-shell lanthanide atoms, we aim at the realisation of laser-induced synthetic gauge fields, which could lead to the observation of novel (topological) phases of matter. The coupling of the atomic spin with the light field, improved with respect to alkali atoms, opens the possibility to explore strongly interacting regimes that were up to now out of experimental reach. I adapt existing protocols for the implementation of gauge fields to the case of Dysprosium, taking into account its large electronic spin (J = 8 in the ground state). Moreover, Dysprosium has the largest magnetic moment among the stable elements, and is the best candidate for the study of dipolar gases. I describe the experimental setup that we built and how we perform the trapping and cooling of Dysprosium. We study in detail the behaviour of the magneto-optical trap, which is performed on the ¹S₀ ↔ ³P₁ intercombination line. The narrow linewidth and the large spin make the trap operation quite challenging. Nevertheless, I show that its understanding becomes quite simple in the regime where the cloud spontaneously polarises due to the interplay of optical and gravitational forces. Finally, I describe the last steps of optical transport and evaporation, which will lead to the production of a degenerate gas