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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Armed Resistance Unit"
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Corrêa, Marilia. "Military Resistance to the Brazilian Coup: The Fight of Officers and Soldiers against Authoritarian Rule, 1964–67". Americas 77, n.º 2 (abril de 2020): 275–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/tam.2019.112.
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ABSTRACTThis article traces resistance among members of the armed forces who opposed the military dictatorship in Brazil during the first four years of the regime, 1964–67. I show that despite scholars’ efforts to depict the 1964 coup as a project supported by the armed forces as a strategic and ideological unit, there were battle lines within those forces along which hard-liners and moderate interventionists battled for government control. There were, in fact, hundreds of officers and soldiers who opposed the coup and organized against it. To contain resistance efforts inside the armed forces, the generals who orchestrated the coup labeled opponents to intervention as communists and expelled them from the institution, in many cases under considerable duress. This article discusses the first opposition efforts of officers and soldiers, particularly the Nationalist Armed Resistance (RAN) and the Caparaó Guerrilla Movement. Members of the military who were opposed to the coup shared an anti-interventionism and nationalism that united them against the regime. After 1964, their efforts to oppose military interventionism, previously carried out inside the military barracks, became the fight of all its opponents, members of the armed forces and civilians alike.
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CHOBIT, Dmytro. "Prerequisites and causes of destruction by the Nazis in 1944, Ghouta of Penyatska". Ukraine-Poland: Historical Heritage and Public Consciousness 12 (2019): 114–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/up.2019-12-114-150.
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During the last period of time many questions connected with destruction of Guta Penyatska achieved serious social interest, they aren’t widely investigated in many Ukrainian and Polish documents and papers. Except this, our historical science doesn’t include any basic and important scientific articles concerning this problem. In the publication on the base of many materials and reminiscences of eye-witnesses are shown the main reasons of destruction of Guta Penyatska. The author provides important facts, which vividly testify, that German-fascist unit set on fire that village, and killed a lot of people. The German occupational regime wanted to punish local underground organization for its cooperation with the Soviet guerillas and armed resistance. On the 23-rd of February 1944 German unit lost 4 (four) soldiers and 8 (eight) were badly wounded. At that time there were 500 armed participants of Resistance movement and a lot of poles, who escaped from different German military formations. This fact assured Galician occupational administration (District Galicia), that Guta Penyatska was a shelter for the Soviet querillas, security forces and criminal elements, who performed some terrorist acts in Lviv, killing vice-governor of Galicia Otto Bauer. As a result of this, an occupational power organized so-called punitive action, which took place on the 28-th of February 1944. Keywords Guta Penyatska, German Army, Soviet partisans, Ukrainian insurgent army, division «Galychyna», punitive action.
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Nabiyyin, M. Hafizh. "Anarcha-Feminism and Sustainable Development Goals: Case of Kurdish Women Protection Unit (YPJ)". Epistemik: Indonesian Journal of Social and Political Science 4, n.º 2 (31 de outubro de 2023): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.57266/epistemik.v4i2.172.
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The emergence of the pseudo-state Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (AANES) or better known as Rojava in 2014 became an alarm for the emergence of a new form of political entity that transcends the form of the Westphalian nation- state. The democratic confederalism system is seen as very close to the thought of anarchism which rejects all forms of hierarchy including the nation-state system and upholds equality between human beings. YPJ is a women's armed forces unit in Rojava that adheres to the idea of Jineology –an idea of gender equality from Abdullah Ocalan which is also integrated into the democratic confederacies system. The magnitude of the role of YPJ in the process of Rojava's resistance to the nation-state and capitalism made the writer interested in analyzing YPJ resistance using the Anarcha-Feminism theory to determine the effect of the theory on YPJ resistance. Anarcha-Feminism was chosen because it can be a synthesis between class struggle, women's liberation, and the deconstruction of the nation-state political system. This research will also review and describe the role of women in post-conflict development in Rojava, particularly regarding their involvement in the economy, education, social, military, and public decision-making through the perspective of the Sustainable Development Goals.
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Yurkov, А. "The essence and structure of the readiness of future psychologists for professional service and combat activity in the Armed Forces of Ukraine". Visnyk Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Military-Special Sciences, n.º 2(50) (2022): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2217.2022.50.24-26.
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Based on the analysis of recent publications and results of scientific research on pedagogical, psychological military special topics it is established, that military psychological and pedagogical science does not sufficiently address the issue of readiness of future psychologists for professional activity in the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The scientific article analyzes the problem of forming the readiness of a military psychologist for effective professional activity in the Armed Forces of Ukraine in battlefield conditions. The content of the definition "readiness of a military psychologist for professional activity in the Armed Forces of Ukraine" in the context of the outlined problem is specified. It is established, that the concept of "readiness of a military psychologist for professional activity in the Armed Forces of Ukraine" is, first of all, a prerequisite for the effective performance of service and combat activities. The scientific article examines that the psychological support of professional activities of militaries, conducted by a military psychologist in the combat unit, means a set of measures aimed at maintaining professional suitability, psychological readiness for professional activity and resistance to stressors of the service and combat environment. It is outlined that psychological follow-up consists of two components: psychological support, psychological assistance. Readiness as a complex new development of the personality contains not only cognitive and operational components but also motivational, volitional and axiological components, which provide a stable desire for effective performance. In addition, all components of readiness comply with the activity, the indicator of successful implementation of which is readiness. Thus, the readiness of future psychologists for professional activity in the Armed Forces of Ukraine is an important condition for the effective activity of an individual.
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Irfan, Rafia, Amna Amer, Irfan Ali Mirza, Wajid Hussain, Mariam Sarwar e Mahtab Akhtar. "Burkholderia Cepacia: An Emerging Superbug in Intensive Care Unit Settings of Tertiary Care Hospitals in Pakistan". Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal 72, n.º 5 (7 de novembro de 2022): 1826–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v72i5.7635.
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Objective: To determine the frequency, risk factors, and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Burkholderia cepacia isolates from clinical specimens in a Pakistani tertiary care hospital.
Study Design: Cross-sectional Study
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jul 2017 to Jun 2021.
Methodology: The Burkholderia cepacia strains were isolated from clinical samples by routine microbiological methods. In our laboratory, the identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolate were made by API 20NE and VITEK-2 Automated Microbiology Analyzer.
Results: Four hundred and nineteen (419) str5-ains of Burkholderia cepacia were isolated during the study period. Among them,277(66.1%) and 57(13.6%) isolates were from blood cultures and lower respiratory tracts, respectively. The antibiotic-resistant rates of the isolates of Minocycline, Cotrimoxazole, Levofloxacin, Meropenem, and Ceftazidime were 13(3.1%), 26(6.2%), 49(11.6%),74(17.6%) and 118(28.16%) respectively.
Conclusion: We observed a gradual increase in the frequency of isolation. A surge in antimicrobial resistance was also seen during the study period underscoring the need for rigorous implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs and infection control practices.
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Verbovyi, Oleksiy, e Anatoliy Slyusarenko. "“Raid war” of the Sumy partisan unit under the command of S. A. Kovpak and S. V. Rudnev". Bulletin of Mariupol State University. Series: History. Political Studies 10, n.º 28-29 (2020): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-2830-2020-10-28-29-20-30.
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The article analyzes the raid activities of the Sumy partisan unit (Putivl partisan detachment, Putivl united partisan detachment) under the command of S. A. Kovpak – S. V. Rudnev during 1941 1943. The evolution of raiding factors, coverage area, tactical and strategic tasks set before the command and personnel of this partisan unit was researched. It was found that at the initial stage of deployment of active armed resistance of the detachment and unit with inadequate supply of weapons and ammunition, lack of communication with other units and a single command center, raids were caused by confrontation with the occupying forces and attempts to maintain personnel. The first two raids of the combined detachment in December 1941 – January 1942, were caused by pressure from the overwhelming forces of the enemy, which forced the unit to move from Spadschansky forest (Sumy region) to Hinelsky forests (Orel and Kursk regions), and later, after replenishment of personnel and provision of weapons and ammunition, with the fighting went to the territory of its previous deployment. The third and fourth raids (February – March 1942; May – July 1942) were carried out within the Sumy and adjacent regions both to spread the influence of the Sumy partisan unit and under pressure from enemy forces. The next stage of the raid activity of the Sumy partisan unit was closely connected with the centralization of the Soviet partisan resistance movement and was carried out within the framework of strategic plans developed by the leadership of the UHGM and CHGM. This is the so-called “Stalin raid”, which took place in October – November 1942, during which 835 km were covered in the occupied territories of Sumy, Chernihiv, Gomel, Polissya, Kyiv, Zhytomyr regions. In February – March 1943, during another raid, guerrillas operated in the Rivne, Zhytomyr and Kyiv regions. From June 12 to October 1, 1943, the Sumy partisan unit conducted a “Carpathian raid” on the territory of Zhytomyr, Rivne, Ternopil, Stanislavsk and Kamyanets-Podilsky regions. Inflicting significant damage to the enemy, the guerrillas suffered significant losses – more than 50 % of the fighters did not return from the raid, S. V. Rudnev was killed, S. A. Kovpak and G. Ya. Bazyma were wounded, which led to a significant renewal of the fighting force and a complete replacement. command. During the raids, the fighters of the Sumy partisan unit under the leadership of S. A. Kovpak – S. V. Rudnev successfully combined combat, sabotage, intelligence and propaganda activities, expanding the area of guerrillas and intensifying the resistance movement among the inhabitants of the new regions.
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Fedorov, Volodymyr, Vasyl Yanovsky e V. O. Feshchenko. "REDUCING OF EXTERNAL NOISE ARMED VEHICLE “DOZOR-B” APPLICATIONS TO DUMPING COATING". Avtoshliakhovyk Ukrayiny, n.º 1 (261)’2020 (20 de março de 2020): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33868/0365-8392-2020-1-261-27-31.
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There has been a war in Ukraine for 6 years. In this regard, the production of military equipment has increased significantly, including. armored vehicles. Serious requirements are imposed on any military equipment. This paper focuses on the reduction of the external noise of the Dozor-B armored vehicle both in terms of ecology and in terms of camouflage. The technical characteristics of the mentioned armored car and its main sources of noise are briefly discussed. It is concluded that the body emits a significant level of noise, and therefore it is important to reduce the total external noise of the armored car by reducing the noise emitted by the body of the latter. The dissertation work of Krutolapov V.Ye. was analyzed. "A method of improving the vibroacoustic characteristics of the car body using vibration damping materials." The dissertation deals with the method of measuring the amplitude-frequency characteristic of a plate with a damping coating, called "obst". We have pointed out the disadvantages developed by Krutolapov V.Ye. bituminous coated plates and suggested their solution. A method of reducing the level of external noise of armored vehicles by coating their housings with a multilayer damping coating is proposed. The algorithm of calculation of the mentioned covering is developed. The choice of the necessary materials is made on the basis of their acoustic properties, heat resistance and cost. The number of coating layers is calculated based on the required acoustic effect, cost and weight of the structure. The acoustic efficiency of the developed three-layer damping coating was calculated, as well as the estimation of the external noise reduction of the Dozor-B armored car for a number of speeds of the latter on the main cycle on the road due to the application of this coating. Keywords: transport, armored car, armed forces, fire support machine, military equipment, engine, power unit, noise, camouflage, ecology, noise source, housing, acoustic efficiency, wave impedance, sound penetration coefficient, multi-layer vibration damping material.
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Kuzina, Ekaterina S., Tatiana S. Novikova, Evgeny I. Astashkin, Galina N. Fedyukina, Angelina A. Kislichkina, Natalia V. Kurdyumova, Ivan A. Savin, Olga N. Ershova e Nadezhda K. Fursova. "Rectal and Tracheal Carriage of Carbapenemase Genes and Class 1 and 2 Integrons in Patients in Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit". Antibiotics 11, n.º 7 (3 de julho de 2022): 886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11070886.
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The spread of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, which is associated with the distribution of beta-lactamase genes and class 1 and 2 integrons, is a global problem. In this study, in the Moscow neurosurgery intensive care unit (neuro-ICU), the high prevalence of the above-stated genes was found to be associated with intestinal and tracheal carriage. Seven-point prevalence surveys, which included 60 patients in the neuro-ICU, were conducted weekly in the period from Oct. to Nov. 2019. A total of 293 clinical samples were analyzed, including 146 rectal and 147 tracheal swabs; 344 Gram-negative bacteria isolates were collected. Beta-lactamase genes (n = 837) were detected in the isolates, including beta-lactamase blaTEM (n = 162), blaSHV (n = 145), cephalosporinase blaCTX–M (n = 228), carbapenemase blaNDM (n = 44), blaKPC (n = 25), blaOXA–48 (n = 126), blaOXA–51–like (n = 54), blaOXA–40-like (n = 43), blaOXA–23-like (n = 8), and blaVIM (n = 2), as well as class 1 (n = 189) and class 2 (n = 12) integrons. One extensively drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strain (sequence type ST39 and capsular type K23), simultaneously carried beta-lactamase genes, blaSHV–40 and blaTEM–1B, three carbapenemase genes, blaNDM, blaKPC, and blaOXA–48, the cephalosporinase gene blaCTX–M, and two class 1 integrons. Before this study, such heavily armed strains have not been reported, suggesting the ongoing evolution of antibiotic resistance.
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Garges, Eric, June Early, Sandra Waggoner, Nazia Rahman, Dana Golden, Brian Agan e Ann Jerse. "Biomedical Response to Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections in the US Military". Military Medicine 184, Supplement_2 (1 de novembro de 2019): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usy431.
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ABSTRACT Introduction Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) continue to plague militaries and defense forces. While the historical recognition of the impact of STIs on operations is evident, contemporary surveillance and research activities are limited. As Neisseria gonorrhoeae and other sexually transmitted pathogens become increasingly resistant to antibiotics, the role of the Department of Defense (DoD) in disease surveillance and clinical research is essential to military Force Health Protection. Methods The Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program (IDCRP) of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences partnered with the DoD Global Emerging Infections Surveillance (GEIS) program to monitor the distribution of gonorrhea antimicrobial resistance (AMR) both domestically and abroad. The DoD gonococcal reference laboratory and repository was established in 2011 as a resource for confirmatory testing and advanced characterization of isolates collected from sites across the continental United States (CONUS) and GEIS-funded sites outside the continental United States (OCONUS). The IDCRP is currently implementing surveillance efforts at CONUS military clinics, including Madigan Army Medical Center, Naval Medical Center Camp Lejeune, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, Naval Medical Center San Diego, and San Antonio Military Medical Center (efforts were also previously at Womack Army Medical Center). The reference laboratory and repository receives specimens from OCONUS collaborators, including Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS; Bangkok, Thailand), Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3 (NAMRU-3), Ghana Detachment (Accra, Ghana), Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 (NAMRU-6; Lima, Peru), U.S. Army Medical Research Unit – Georgia (USAMRD-G; Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia), and U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate – Kenya (USAMRD-K; Nairobi, Kenya). The gonococcal surveillance program, to include findings, as well as associated clinical research efforts are described. Results Among N. gonorrhoeae isolates tested within the United States, 8% were resistant to tetracycline, 2% were resistant to penicillin, and 30% were resistant to ciprofloxacin. To date, only one of the 61 isolates has demonstrated some resistance (MIC=1 μg/ml) to azithromycin. No resistance to cephalosporins has been detected; however, reduced susceptibility (MIC=0.06–0.125 μg/ml) has been observed in 13% of isolates. Resistance is commonly observed in N. gonorrhoeae isolates submitted from OCONUS clinical sites, particularly with respect to tetracycline, penicillin, and ciprofloxacin. While no azithromycin-resistant isolates have been identified from OCONUS sites, reduced susceptibility (MIC=0.125–0.5 μg/ml) to azithromycin was observed in 23% of isolates. Conclusion Continued monitoring of circulating resistance patterns on a global scale is critical for ensuring appropriate treatments are prescribed for service members that may be infected in the U.S. or while deployed. Domestic surveillance for gonococcal AMR within the Military Health System has indicated that resistance patterns, while variable, are not dramatically different from what is seen in U.S. civilian data. Global patterns of gonococcal AMR have been described through the establishment of a central DoD gonococcal reference laboratory and repository. This repository of global isolates provides a platform for further research and development into biomedical countermeasures against gonococcal infections.
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Hunko, Leonid. "Legal regulation of the interaction of the armed forces of Ukraine and voluntary formations of territorial communitie". Democratic governance 31, n.º 1 (20 de junho de 2023): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/dg2023.01.099.
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The peculiarities of the interaction of the Armed Forces of Ukraine with territorial defense units and voluntary formations of territorial communities in the conditions of aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine, the problems of legal support for such interaction and the legislative determination of the status of voluntary formations of territorial communities are considered. Formulation of the problem. As a result of the imperfection of the legislation concerning the territorial defense of Ukraine, there are problems of interaction between the Armed Forces, territorial defense and voluntary formations of territorial communities. The contradiction of individual articles of Ukrainian legislation provokes a decrease in the level of effective use of territorial defense and voluntary formations of territorial communities in the conditions of full-scale aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. Analysis of recent research and publications. The full-scale war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine has led to the consideration of the problems of regulatory support for the territorial defense of Ukraine and the voluntary formations of territorial communities. A. L. Beikun and O. M. Romashko in their work consider the essence and content of the legal regulation of the security and defense sector of Ukraine, the effectiveness of the interaction of all components of the security and defense sector, including the Ukrainian Armed Forces in the conditions of Russian aggression. Yu. L. Kolhushkin in his dissertation highlights the issue of administrative and legal provision of territorial defense of Ukraine. Troianskyi O. A. analyzes the legal principles of citizens’ participation in the territorial defense of Ukraine and voluntary formations of territorial communities, he analyzes the main components of territorial defense, considers the peculiarities of the formation of voluntary formations of territorial communities. Main material. Legal regulation of the interaction of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and voluntary formations of territorial communities provides for ordering and regulating the behavior of the specified participants in legal relations with the help of legal norms. The need for proper regulation of the interaction of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the Defense Forces of Ukraine arose in connection with military operations in the conditions of aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine in accordance with the Law of Ukraine No. 1702-IX “On the Basics of National Resistance”. Territorial defense forces exist in many states and are one of the factors in strengthening the state's defense capability. In most countries, the territorial defense forces are closely related to the armed forces or are their integral part. The legislation of Ukraine defines the voluntary formation of a territorial community as a military-civilian component of territorial defense, a paramilitary unit formed on a voluntary basis from citizens of Ukraine living within the territory of the relevant territorial community which is intended to participate in the preparation and fulfillment of territorial defense tasks. Changes made to the legislation of Ukraine regarding the interaction of the Armed Forces with voluntary formations of territorial communities and the use of units of voluntary formations of territorial communities in the combat zone have created some problems. This concerns the inconsistency between the new content of the status of voluntary formations of territorial communities and the obligations during the formation, material and technical support of voluntary formations of territorial communities as well as rights and guarantees for territorial defense and voluntary formations of territorial communities. It is necessary to emphasize that the regulatory support for the interaction of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and the voluntary formations of territorial communities needs further improvement, firstly, a clear definition of the status, rights and guarantees of voluntary formations of territorial communities; secondly, provision of the financial component and, thirdly, material and technical support, including weapons and military equipment.
Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Armed Resistance Unit"
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Delisle, Claire E. "Leading to Peace: Prisoner Resistance and Leadership Development in the IRA and Sinn Fein". Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/22905.
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The Irish peace process is heralded as a success among insurgencies that attempt transitions toward peaceful resolution of conflict. After thirty years of armed struggle, pitting Irish republicans against their loyalist counterparts and the British State, the North of Ireland has a reconfigured political landscape with a consociational governing body where power is shared among several parties that hold divergent political objectives. The Irish Republican Movement, whose main components are the Provisional Irish Republican Army, a covert guerilla armed organization, and Sinn Fein, the political party of Irish republicans, initiated peace that led to all-inclusive talks in the 1990s and that culminated in the signing of the Good Friday Agreement in April 1998, setting out the parameters for a non-violent way forward. Given the traditional intransigence of the IRA to consider any route other than armed conflict, how did the leadership of the Irish Republican Movement secure the support of a majority of republicans for a peace initiative that has held now for more than fifteen years? This dissertation explores the dynamics of leadership in this group, and in particular, focuses on the prisoner resistance waged by its incarcerated activists and volunteers. It is the contention here, that various prisoner resistance tactics enabled a wide-ranging group of captives to develop the skill set necessary to persuade their community to back the peace initiative, engage in electoral politics, mobilize their supporters to invest in attaining a united Ireland by peaceful negotiations, and put down their arms in a permanent and unequivocal manner. In this dissertation, the work of Paulo Freire is explored in order to capture the processes inherent the resistance-leadership continuum.
Livros sobre o assunto "Armed Resistance Unit"
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Reuter, Ben, ed. Developing Endurance. Human Kinetics, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781718225121.
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Runners, cyclists, swimmers, rowers, triathletes, and ultradistance athletes must sustain performance at a high level to come out on top. Developing Endurance shows how to achieve optimal stamina to race your best through science-based aerobic, anaerobic, and resistance training. Written by 11 top experts in the National Strength and Conditioning Association, the top sport conditioning organization in the world, this guide provides both the background information and the exercises, drills, workouts, and programs for ultimate results. Athletes and coaches will appreciate the assessment tools, analyses, and instruction to define specific needs and establish effective training goals. Armed with these tools and information, you can create the ideal personalized training program for your sport and avoid lengthy plateaus while taking performance to the highest level. Earn continuing education credits/units! A continuing education course and exam that uses this book is also available. It may be purchased separately or as part of a package that includes all the course materials and exam.
Capítulos de livros sobre o assunto "Armed Resistance Unit"
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Villa-Turek Arbelaez, Julian. "Cacao: A Path of Everyday Resistance and the Pursuit of Peace". In Shifting Frontiers of Theobroma cacao - Opportunities and Challenges for Production [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.112999.
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Cacao crops are not only a form of subsistence and agricultural project but also connect the way of life and resistance in conflict scenarios. San José de Apartadó, Colombia, and its local population have suffered from the consequences of long-term armed conflict, which left hundreds of victims of forced displacement and disappeared, leaving a territory disconnected from its population and its interactions with agriculture and peace. The 2016 Peace Agreement between the FARC-EP and the Colombian government reopened a history of resistance among peasants, who have cultivated their lands to live and build peace by recognizing patterns of violence in the search for missing persons. Today, the armed conflict has not ended; there is a repeated presence of other armed groups in Urabá, a factor that involves the possibility for local populations to live in peace. Favorably, the institutions have begun to take action to continue with the efforts of the Peace Agreement. The creation of the Search Unit for Missing Persons (UBPD) has helped the families to continue searching for the disappeared and recognize the ways of life and practices of the territory, where cacao crops are a central form of life and social organization.
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Cohn, Jr., Samuel K. "Women". In Popular Protest and Ideals of Democracy in Late Renaissance Italy, 71–92. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192849472.003.0005.
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In a number of venues, women appear more visible in chronicles and diplomatic dispatches than they had been in the Middle Ages as illustrated during the Savonarolan movement when women congregated in public places to debate for and against the friar’s prophecies and ideology. More striking was their increased appearance in popular revolt from their almost complete absence in popular revolt during the late Middle Ages in Italy. First, to defend their cities against occupying military regimes or in struggles for independence, women volunteered for non-combatant but dangerous roles of repairing fortifications, carrying messages across enemy lines, and scavenging the battle-fields to retrieve and nurse the wounded. More notable, they served as combatants and even leaders. During Pisa’s fifteen-year struggle for independence, a woman led two squadre of women fully armed who ‘valiantly’ fought against French and Florentine armies, and in Rome a woman led a fighting unit of men and women against an abusive military occupation of their city. Nonetheless, their increased involvement does not underlie sociological conclusions that women formed the back-bone of popular insurrection in ‘pre-modern’ Europe, determined by ‘their biological nature’ to defend their hearths. First, the mainstay of popular revolt in Italy, 1494–1559, was the male popolo, which comprised 89 percent of the revolts. Second, women’s courageous rebellious resistance came not in protecting their individual households from starvation but in defending their cities and territories from occupying armies.
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Faust, Avraham. "Local Responses to the Empire". In The Neo-Assyrian Empire in the Southwest, 214–38. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198841630.003.0008.
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Chapter 8 (‘Local Responses to the Empire: From Armed Resistance to Integration’) focuses on the local responses in the southwest to the Assyrian imperial rule. Such studies are somewhat rare regarding the Assyrian empire, but the present case study has a number of advantages, and in addition to the large archaeological database available, we have a unique textual source, reflecting the voice of (some of) the conquered, i.e. the Hebrew Bible. Notably, in most imperial settings, texts, if they exist at all, represent the imperial view, but the Hebrew Bible, as complex as it is as a historical source, provides insights into some local views of imperial rule. The evidence allows us to reconstruct the local responses to Assyrian rule in different political units, and by various groups within these units, from armed resistance, through more subtle forms of resistance, to cooperation, collaboration, and even integration. The evidence reveals, once again, profound differences between the provinces and the clients, as well as between the different clients.
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Bowles, Edith. "Return to Fronteira Norte: Rebuilding Resistance in Timor-Leste’s Western Districts, 1990–1995". In Timor-Leste’s Long Road to Independence. Amsterdam University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463726375_ch10.
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The re-establishment of civilian and armed resistance in Timor-Leste’s five western districts was a key accomplishment of the Timorese resistance during the 1990s. Proximity to Indonesian West Timor meant that those districts saw the highest levels of fighting and violence against civilians. High mortality, food scarcity and a leadership vacuum contributed to the near absence of resistance activities in the west during the second decade of the occupation. Under the leadership of Xanana Gusmão, the Conselho Nacional da Resistência Maubere (National Council of the Maubere Resistance, CNRM) reorganised resistance in the west in the 1990s. By 1995 both civilian cadres and armed units had wide reach and influence. This regional rebuilding played a significant role in delivering the vote for independence in the 1999 referendum. This chapter explores the shifting geography of the Resistance. It examines why resistance activity in the west dramatically decreased in the 1980s, how CNRM/ FALINTIL was able to rebuild it in the 1990s and the impact of resurgence in the west on the Resistance as a whole.
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Einwohner, Rachel L. "Competing Visions in the Vilna Ghetto". In Hope and Honor, 99–159. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190079437.003.0004.
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Chapter 4 shows why members of the United Partisans Organization (Fareynikte Partizaner Organizatsye, or FPO), a resistance organization in the Vilna ghetto, planned for an armed ghetto uprising similar to what happened in Warsaw but were not able to achieve that goal. In Vilna, young activists both reached the critical conclusion of hopelessness and equated armed resistance with an honorable death. These assessments and frames were summarized in FPO leader Abba Kovner’s famous 1941 manifesto calling on Jews not to go “like sheep to the slaughter.” However, multiple conclusions and competing resonant responses to the threat of ghetto life prevented the activists from attracting wide support. In particular, Nazi-appointed Ghetto Chief Jacob Gens opposed resistance and encouraged the ghetto community instead to “work to live.” Rather than fight in the ghetto, the FPO fled Vilna for the nearby forests and resisted as members of partisan units.
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Matelski, Maaike. "Interrupted Transition and Post-coup Resistance". In Contested Civil Society in Myanmar, 136–56. Policy Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529230543.003.0009.
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This chapter zooms in on civil society’s responses to Myanmar’s military coup of February 2021 and its renewed search for inter-group solidarity and international attention. It discusses the role of elected politicians and civil society representatives in the newly formed National Unity Government, a shadow body to the military State Administration Council. Since the coup, these two entities have contested for local legitimacy and global recognition. After months of peaceful protest and violent repression, some citizens turned to armed resistance by forming People’s Defence Forces, many of which were trained by ethnic armed organizations in the border region. This led to new questions regarding representation and agenda setting on behalf of the Myanmar population, as well as debates regarding effective and acceptable forms of resistance. Civil servants formed the Civil Disobedience Movement by refusing to work for the government in health care, infrastructure or education, while those who did not participate faced social punishment. The nationwide anti-coup protests had an emancipatory effect on various marginalized groups, with women, youth, ethnic and sexual minorities playing a more prominent and visible role than before. The post-coup resistance movement also displayed public support for the plight of the Rohingya.
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Greble, Emily. "“Back to Islam!”". In Muslims and the Making of Modern Europe, 213–30. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197538807.003.0009.
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In April 1941, the Axis powers attacked, occupied, and dismembered Yugoslavia. A multi-sided civil conflict broke out within the international war. Balkan Muslims fought on many different sides: as Ustashas, members of the Croatian army (domobrani), two different Waffen SS units, the Wehrmacht, and various Italian divisions; they also fought against the Axis as members of communist resistance armies (Partisans), national resistance armies (Chetniks and Ballists), and different Muslim militias and bandit groups. Muslims were both perpetrators and victims in regional campaigns of mass violence and genocide. This chapter traces Muslim responses to these complex wartime dynamics. It reveals how some Muslims hoped that Hitler’s New European order would undo decades of European policy that had subverted Islamic legal autonomy and Muslims’ confessional rights under the guise of bureaucratic and legal reform. Armed with languages of political Islam and the tools of revivalist mass movements, some Muslims fought to enshrine Islamic law in domestic codes and use wartime conditions to re-Islamicize society. Other Muslims became attracted to promises of brotherhood and liberation espoused by socialist resistance movements, seeing socialism as the best path forward for Muslim equality in Europe. The war created both hardship and opportunity.
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Heshmat, Dina. "The Revolution on the Screen". In Egypt 1919, 106–32. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474458351.003.0005.
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This chapter analyses Hasan al-Imam’s famous film adaptation of Naguib Mahfouz’s novel Bayn al-Qasrayn (Palace Walk,1964). Here I read cinema as a genre that further ‘defigurated’ the 1919 events by fitting it into the Free Officers’ ideological reframing of the nationalist movement. The trope of unity, central to the novel, is taken to another level, both in terms of form and content, through a number of compelling additions to the original plot presented in a melodramatic fashion. The chapter shows that al-Imam transformed Mahfouz’s liberal representation of the revolution into a Nasserist rhetoric. Fahmi turns from a nationalist student into an armed resistant fighter, the discourse about religious unity between Muslims and Copts is significantly radicalised, and women are granted a much more active role than in the novel –as they are placed at the centre of the film’s rhetoric about progress. Moreover, I show, through a detailed analysis of mise-en-scène elements – montage, style of acting, music (including songs by Sayyid Darwish), - how al-Imam efficiently exploited the genre of melodrama, playing with emotions of grief and joy in order to build a cathartic expression of unity. The chapter contains references to two other films of the period, Mustafa Kamil (1955) and Sayyid Darwish (1966) both directed by Ahmad Badrakhan, as well as elements of comparison with ‘Awdat al-Ruh, a television drama aired in 1977.
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Sadi, Renato Sampaio. "The sport/leisure revolution, the middle classes and the prospects for change". In DEVELOPMENT AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE. Seven Editora, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/devopinterscie-155.
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For a futuristic and revolutionary agenda in sports/leisure World trends, socio-economic and geopolitical, have revealed that the system of the functionality of capitalist societies is going through its worst crisis. To contribute to a critical-purposeful, academic, and professional debate in the field of education, political science, sociology, sport/leisure, and physical education, the future deserves to be thought of strategically. It is known that the speed of communication technologies as well as the willingness of social subjects the use and abuse digital tools has caused intense changes in labor relations and in the very way of being of the passivity with which we observe the new times, full of viruses, wars, catastrophes, etc. One could speculate on various ramifications of the current crisis by shielding oneself in a directionless critique or even create specific speculations restricted to local or regional microcosms. The proposal here is another: to reflect deeply on the next steps of the sensitive and human time of the workers in the perspective of seeking, in a fruitful way, intelligent trails for sport/leisure. This should provide diverse interests with a speculative and critical debate that can re-oxygenate the apathy with which we have faced political and emotional disorders. On the other hand, it must be said that revolutionizing sport/leisure will never be a non-neutral action. More than that: it is neither academic action in the traditional sense, nor is it a partisan political debate. Starting from Marxist and non-Marxist scientific bases, the debate will necessarily be critical, propositional, semi-utopian and, why not say, futuristic. In the movement of expansion of the new financialized and armed productive capital, capitalism has entered a new era, in which its new civilization will promote a historical break with the hitherto unknown evolution of this society. This is because, both in the US and Europe, right-wing politics and intellectuals have pushed the world towards an ultraliberalism of a fascist and strongly destructive character. In Brazil, after the parliamentary coup of 2016, the Trump-Bolsonaro unity branched out in the people with the damage and ideological falsehoods. The perversity of capitalism impacts ecological systems and hinders the recreation of value. With this destroys productivity and its effects and consequences are felt more by the Global South. Such processes add to the militarism and militarism reigning in these neo-fascist and denialist times to renew the opportunities for the manufacture and sale of arsenals, bombs, airplanes, weapons, hatred, etc. Is the end near? What do sports/leisure and workers' hours of suffocation have to say about it? In the set of contradictions is it still possible to think of a liberated society, at least partially from alienated labor? The resistance of the people and the consequent agenda of tomorrow will be composed of what strategic contents? Amid the pulsating crossfire of this debate, this text calls for truly free work, impossible in capitalism. Reform and revolution are sides of a coin that constantly jumps in advanced consciousnesses, after all, which or what are the paths to the first steps of change? The pertinence of new communication and information technologies helps us to architect working hours, emancipation, vacations, regulation, and free time in a renewed perspective. Cultural equipment and professional activities need to break through the frustrations of an alienated and perverse job that enslaves workers around the world. In the society of capital, sport/leisure serves interests that can make it an arm in favor of the masters, owners of gold. Could it be that much of what we have in the discourses cannot be active ammunition to dilute the toxicity of capitalism and the inherent contradictions of the order of capital? (Harvey, 2017)