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Brizuela, Natalia. "A Sense of Place: Paz Encina's Radical Poetics". Film Quarterly 70, n.º 4 (2017): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fq.2017.70.4.49.
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Paz Encina became a public figure in Paraguay after her first film, Hamaca Paraguaya (Paraguayan Hammock, 2006), won major awards and put Paraguayan cinema back on the international map for the first time in decades. In 2012, she was invited to “do something” visual with the Archivos del Terror (Archives of Terror) to mark the twentieth anniversary of the discovery of the heinous archives. Encina is not the only artist to make use of the Archives of Terror. Argentine Carlos Trilnick's Proyecto Archivos del Terror: Apuntes sobre el Plan Cóndor (Archives of Terror Project: Notes on the Condor Plan, 2013) also utilizes them. Natalia Brizuela posits that Paz Encina's use of the archival material from the Archives of Terror is different than Trilnick's. Her pieces demarcate specific spaces and insist on location, in contrast to Trilnick's work that is made to be packed up and reset in any space. Second, Encina's installations insist on disjointed forms of reenactment to establish a tension between embodiment of the spectator and disembodiment of the tortured bodies. She has since made three works that utilize the Archives of Terror. Her interest in the archival material never sought to generate a new archive but rather to engineer the spectatorial conditions for a site-specific experience. The fully embodied subject that emerged through the sound recordings became the motor for the work Encina produced on and around the Archives of Terror and the lengthy state-of-exception government that structured her country's life in the longest dictatorship to date in Latin America.
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Encina, Paz. "Personal Thoughts on My Days in the Archives". Film Quarterly 70, n.º 4 (2017): 47–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fq.2017.70.4.47.
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Filmmaker Paz Encina reflects on life in Paraguay, under Alfredo Stroessner's dictatorship, which lasted from 1954–89. She discusses her first encounter with the Archivos del Terror (Archives of Terror), her return to these archives, and how they have informed her creative work.
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Saborido, Mercedes, e Jorge Saborido. "OTRA/S VUELTA/S DE TUERCA, A PROPÓSITO DEL “TERROR” ESTALINISTA (1936-1938)". Revista de Historia Social y de las Mentalidades 23, n.º 2 (25 de dezembro de 2019): 305–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35588/rhsm.v23i2.3974.
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El texto propone una aproximación a algunas de las interpretaciones recientes respecto de la represión masiva que se llevó a cabo en la Unión Soviética a mediados de la década de 1930. Con esa idea, apunta a destacar la persistencia y profundización del debate académico luego de la apertura de archivos que acompañó el proceso de crisis y colapso de la experiencia soviética.
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Rosaria Stabili, Maria. "Opareí. La justicia de transición en Paraguay". América Latina Hoy 61 (8 de outubro de 2012): 137–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14201/alh.9088.
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El propósito del artículo es analizar, después de haber ofrecido una reconstrucción sintética del régimen de Stroessner, las complejas dinámicas de la justicia de transición en Paraguay. Especial atención se dedica al descubrimiento, en 1992, de los «Archivos del Terror» y a la constitución y funcionamiento de la Comisión de Verdad y justicia creada, en octubre 2003, por el presidente de la República, Nicanor Duarte Frutos. También se reflexiona sobre las reacciones de los políticos y del Poder Judicial a las recomendaciones y medidas de reparación sugeridas del informe final de dicha Comisión.
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Canese Ambrasath, Gladys. "Estudio del legado de la Dictadura Stronista (1954-1989) en la Educación Superior, basado en la revisión de los archivos del terror". Revista de Análisis y Difusión de Perspectivas Educativas y Empresariales 2, n.º 4 (26 de dezembro de 2022): 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.56216/radee022022dic.a05.
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El objetivo de este artículo es explorar sobre la influencia de la Dictadura en la Educación Superior, basada en la revisión de los archivos del terror y publicaciones relacionadas a la educación, preferentemente superior, entre los años 1954-1992. La educación en la época de la dictadura dependía de políticas internacionales, como dice Almada en su libro el repaso de las prácticas educativas en Paraguay, “las políticas educativas son producto de una estrategia continental ordenada por instituciones del gobierno mundial, que administran la subordinación cultural, en diferentes terrenos -incluido el pedagógico-. Martín Almada se concentra en el estudio de Paraguay, pero lo pone en espejo con los modelos educativos de Chile, y de otros países latinoamericanos.” (Korol, 2022)
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Llanos Reyes, Claudio. "El Estado del bienestar racial y sus enemigos políticos y de fe. Notas de investigación de los archivos de la Gestapo en el inicio de la dictadura nacionalsocialista (1933 - 1937)". Co-herencia 11, n.º 21 (novembro de 2014): 231–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17230/co-herencia.11.21.9.
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El problema central de este artículo es aproximarnos a la relación que se dio entre el accionar de la Gestapo, la generación y mantención de un orden que debía eliminar y neutralizar a los “enemigos” del “pueblo alemán”, comunistas y católicos de oposición, y el aseguramiento de “su bienestar” durante los primeros años de la dictadura nazi. La Gestapo fue uno de los instrumentos tempranos para asegurar la neutralización de las resistencias al proyecto nacionalsocialista. Involucraba un nacionalismo extremo, que se movilizaba racial e ideológicamente en pos de la construcción de un orden social que asegurara las supuestas condiciones de vida y supremacía de los alemanes arios. Al mismo tiempo se busca recordar que históricamente la oposición existió, más allá de su incapacidad y fracaso. Si bien la dictadura tuvo aliados o cómplices en su camino de terror, también se debe mantener en la memoria histórica que hubo resistencias: no todos fueron cómplices de la dictadura nazi.
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Villalta Luna, Alfonso Manuel. "The archives of terror and mourning in contemporary Spain". Culture & History Digital Journal 3, n.º 2 (30 de dezembro de 2014): e021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/chdj.2014.021.
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Nickson, R. Andrew. "Paraguay's Archivo del Terror". Latin American Research Review 30, n.º 1 (1995): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0023879100017192.
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A major archive has recently been established in Paraguay that reveals the internal operations of the security forces during the lengthy authoritarian regime of President Alfredo Stroessner (1954–1989). Featuring open access, the archive dubbed by the media as “el archivo del terror” comprises a wealth of primary material on a significant but little researched aspect of the contemporary history of Latin America. This archive provides unique insight into the day-to-day workings of a totalitarian security system and the objectives and strategies of those who headed it. The archive also has regional significance because no comparable archive exists for the period of military rule in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, or Uruguay. Thus it should prove to be of considerable interest to academics analyzing topics like the nature of Latin American military regimes, the practice of national security doctrine, human rights, and related themes.
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Sheikh, Khurram Nawaz. "Entextualizing History through Archives: Representation of Muslim Identity in Post 9/11 Documentaries". Panoptikum, n.º 29 (30 de junho de 2023): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/pan.2023.29.04.
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Representation of Muslims in media post the Sept 11 attacks in the US largely focused on themes of terrorism and extremism. Such homogenized representation was particularly problematic in non-fiction media such as news and documentaries which use archival footage to create ‘reality’. The consequent circulation of these images across the globe is one of the many examples through which Muslim representation has been constructed through stock footage and sourced media images in media post the 9/11 attacks. In this paper, I examine stock images in documentary films in the form of archives to examine the representation of Muslim identity in the post 9/11 world. Using Malitsky’s framework of entextualization to analyze archival material in post 9/11 documentaries, I argue how stock images create a power differential between the East and the West (Said, 1979) reinstating imperial domination. Therefore, this paper intends to examine the use of archives that have been entextualized and re-present history to shape representation of Muslims across spatial and temporal differences through documentary films. To do so, I critically examine two post 9/11 documentaries – Secret Pakistan (2011) and Turning Point: 9/11 and the War on Terror (2021) – to study how these films position the role of Pakistan as an Islamic nation in the Global War on Terror.
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Zhanbosinova, A. S. "Memory as trauma: memoriesvictims of political repression in the focus of his documents". Ethnography of Altai and Adjacent Territories 10 (2020): 214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.37386/2687-0592-2020-10-214-219.
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Interdisciplinary concepts of the “New historical science” led to interest in documents of personal origin, which caused demand for the appeared publishing series “Documents of the Soviet era”, “Narration in documents”. The microhistoric approach proposed by German and Italian scientists brought documents created by small people to the forefront of research. Thanks to the change in the angle of view, the forefront of the history of political repression has spoken with many voices, previously unknown people. The sources of analysis of the memories of victims of political terror were archival and investigative materials deposited in departmental archives.
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López Paniagua, Laura. "El meta-archivo fallido de Christian Boltanski". Eikasía Revista de Filosofía, n.º 92 (9 de janeiro de 2023): 297–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.57027/eikasia.92.446.
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La instalación El archivo de los abuelos, 1995, es el resultado de un proyecto de investigación que el artista Christian Boltanski realizó junto con los estudiantes de la Universidad de Leuphana, Luneburgo (Alemania) en la misma institución. El archivo reúne efectos personales de los abuelos de los estudiantes de aquella generación. Se trata de una pieza significativa dentro de la obra del francés porque no se atiene a las características habituales de sus obras de archivo, a las que denomino «meta-archivos» por su carácter posmoderno de desestabilización del concepto mismo de archivo, y consecuentemente, del de documento y del de historia. El proyecto hizo patente el silencio sobre el Tercer Reich imperante en la época dentro de las familias, e hizo que este pasado reprimido resurgiese. Asimismo, puso de manifiesto los orígenes nazis del campus universitario. Por estos motivos, pese a poder considerarse un «meta-archivo fallido», es una obra de arte relevante y pertinente a nivel socio-cultural, y dentro de la obra de Boltanski, al arrojar luz sobre sus tácitos modus operandi y objetivos habituales precisamente por no cumplirlos.
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Laurinavichus, Cheslovas. "Reflections on the History of a Century Ago on the Basis of the Collection of Documents “Lithuania — Russia 1917—1920”". ISTORIYA 12, n.º 7 (105) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840016510-0.
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Based on archival documents from the Lithuanian and Russian archives, as well as taking advantage of the latest works of historians, the article presents a polemical view of some aspects of the history of the 20th century, relevant for Lithuania and Russia. These are the problems of the red terror, world revolution, propaganda, as well as the preconditions for peace between Lithuania and Russia. The author emphasizes that the peace treaty between Russia and Lithuania not only allowed the two states to build bilateral relations on the basis of peaceful cooperation, but also became one of the treaties that Soviet Russia concluded for possible peaceful and smooth relations with Europe, including the mediation of Lithuania.
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Cadierno Carmona, José Antonio. "El árbol genealógico de las familias Cadierno y Camona a través de los libros de registros de la parroquia de Nuestra Señora de Consolación de El Coronil". Anuario de Historia de la Iglesia Andaluza 8 (24 de junho de 2015): 339–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.46543/ahia.1508.1012.
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Este trabajo, centrado en el árbol genealógico de los apellidos Cadierno y Carmona, nos ofrece una visión general de los mismos a través del archivo diocesano de Astorga y del parroquial de Nuestra Señora de Consolación de El Coronil (Sevilla). Comienza el artículo con unas notas sobre los límites de la archidiócesis de Sevilla para pasar a su organización interna -arcedinatos, vicarías foráneas y arciprestazgos-. En un segundo momento nos acercamos a la vicaría de Utrera, de la que la localidad de El Coronil formaba parte. Una breve descripción de la realidad parroquial de El Coronil pone fin a este segundo apartado. En un tercer momento ofrecemos una visión general de los archivos parroquiales con sus libros de registros -bautismos, casamientos ydefunciones-. Terminamos esta panorámica con unas notas sobre el archivo parroquial de Nuestra Señora de Consolación de El Coronil. Por último analizamos los apellidos Cadierno y Carmona.
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McDermott, Kevin. "A “Polyphony of Voices“? Czech Popular Opinion and the Slánský Affair". Slavic Review 67, n.º 4 (2008): 840–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27653027.
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The trial of Rudolf Slánský and his thirteen codefendants in Prague in November 1952 represented the culmination of Stalinist political terror in postwar central and eastern Europe. Ever since, it has attracted much scholarly attention focusing largely on the origins, processes, and outcomes of the trial. In this article, Kevin McDermott examines a crucial, but almost totally unresearched aspect of the affair: Czech popular reactions to Slánský's arrest and trial. Using documents from the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and secret police reports from the Ministry of Interior archives, McDermott demonstrates that popular opinion was extremely diverse, ranging from strident and selective support of the official version of the court proceedings; to passive compliance and resigned accommodation; to apathy, guarded dissent, and overt opposition. Two findings are particularly noteworthy: first, virulent antisemitic sentiment was endemic; and second, many workers, rankand- file party members, and even lower-level functionaries were highly critical of the country's communist leaders. In conclusion, McDermott proposes that the archival record reveals the relatively broad diffusion of antisemitism in Czech society, the limits of the “Stalinization” process in the Czechoslovak party, and the failure of Stalinist terror to intimidate the population into submission and eradicate independent thinking.
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Lagunas Ledesma, Zaira. "Los archivos como un factor preponderante en un ecosistema de gobierno abierto en el México actual". Biblios: Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, n.º 80 (7 de setembro de 2021): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/biblios.2020.914.
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Objetivo: Evidenciar la importancia de los archivos en un ecosistema de gobierno abierto, mismo que apoya el seguimiento de las demandas informacionales del ciudadanoMétodo: Se empleó un análisis documental y una visita in situ para determinar el estado del arte y el contexto actual, con el fin de buscar los elementos que permitan comprobar su relevancia. En una primera etapa se desarrollará un marco teórico que haga alusión al Gobierno Abierto y sus respectivos componentes y la forma en la que se ejecuta en México. Como un segundo apartado, se abordarán los factores preponderantes en un ecosistema democrático. En un tercer segmento se considera la situación actual de la archivística en el México actual. En un cuarto apartado se expondrá la situación en la que se encuentra inmerso el Estado de Quintana Roo en un ambiente de Gobierno Abierto y finalmente se abordará la trascendencia de los archivos en el Gobierno Abierto.Resultados: Se identificó la importancia, el valor y la trascendencia del archivo en un ecosistema de gobierno abierto que se ha gestado en el Estado de Quintana Roo, mismo que ha impulsado programas y acciones conjuntas entre el Archivo General Estatal y el Instituto de Acceso a la Información y Protección de Datos Personales de Quintana Roo, para hacer válido el derecho de acceso a la información.Conclusiones: Los archivos son la base del gobierno abierto de tal manera que, a través de estos, se pueden evidenciar las acciones que emprenden los gobernantes y que comúnmente afectan o benefician a la comunidad. La información inmersa en los documentos además de ser la fuente original, sirve de sustento para emprender acciones colectivas que brinden soluciones del ciudadano para el ciudadano con base en el principio de máxima publicidad, transparencia y economía en los procesos democráticos.
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Drake, Richard. "Italian Communism and Soviet Terror". Journal of Cold War Studies 6, n.º 2 (abril de 2004): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/152039704773254768.
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The declassification of materials from the Russian archives has provided a good deal of new evidence about the relationship between the Italian Communist Party (PCI) and the Soviet Union both before and after World War II. Two newly published collections of documents leave no doubt that, contrary to arguments made by supporters of the PCI, the Italian party was in fact strictly subservient to the dictates of Josif Stalin. The documents reveal the unsavory role of the PCI leader, Palmiro Togliatti, in the destruction of large sections of the Italian Communist movement and in the tragic fate of Italian prisoners of war who were held in the Soviet Union during and after World War II. Togliatti's legacy, as these documents make clear, was one of terror and the Stalinization of the PCI.
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Fuentes-Rosales, Alberto. "En Guatemala nos quitaron el derecho a la vida, pero también el derecho a la muerte. Cuarenta y cinco mil personas detenidas-desaparecidas por el Estado de terror." Temas de Nuestra América. Revista de Estudios Latinoaméricanos 33, n.º 61 (13 de julho de 2017): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/tdna.33-61.9.
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Se presenta un análisis del sistemático terror de estado ejercido por Guatemala en su población, mediante secuestro, desaparición-detención forzada y los procesos que lleva adelante el Archivo Histórico de dicho país en la exhumación, identificación y denuncia de estos hechos genocidas.
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WIEBEL, JACOB, e SAMUEL ANDREAS ADMASIE. "RETHINKING THE ETHIOPIAN RED TERROR: APPROACHES TO POLITICAL VIOLENCE IN REVOLUTIONARY ETHIOPIA". Journal of African History 60, n.º 3 (novembro de 2019): 457–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853719000768.
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ABSTRACTThis article examines the role of trade unions and of the Kebele – the most local urban administrative structures of the Ethiopian state – in the making of the Red Terror, a period of unprecedented political violence that closely followed the Ethiopian revolution of 1974. Drawing on a broad range of new source materials – from labour union files to oral histories and East German State Security archives – this article shows how the Red Terror was in large part the product of synergies between diverse groups and actors within these structures, and how it was rooted in histories, motives, and collaborations that have scarcely been considered in the historiography of revolutionary Ethiopia. In turn, the Red Terror radically reshaped both trade unions and Kebele administrations, affording Ethiopian state actors an unprecedented means of control over civil society and urban residents.
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Kalakura, Yaroslav. "Electronic Information Archival Resources as a Source Base of Ukrainian Studies". Ukrainian Studies, n.º 1(82) (31 de maio de 2022): 106–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.30840/2413-7065.1(82).2022.253199.
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The article substantiates the source value of electronic information archival resources for the development of the Ukrainian studies; reveals Ukrainian studies context of concepts “electronic source” and “information electronic resource”; tracks transformation of traditional Ukrainian studies as an integrated knowledge system and academic discipline into electronic format. It provides systematized information about information and reference apparatus, web portals, websites of the State Archival Service, central, industry and local archives, their electronic guidebooks, pointers, card-indexes; shows their role in methods of search and detection of documents of Ukrainian studies character.The article considers problems and characterizes meaningful contents of electronic information resources of central historical archives in Kyiv and Lviv, their importance for the study of ancient history of Ukraine, its princely and cossack hetman times, era of national and cultural revival, revolutions and wars. It highlights the central state electronic archives, archives of higher authorities and management, public associations, film and photo archives named after H. Pshenychnyi, archive-museum of literature and art, archives of Kyiv and regions from an angle of possible involvement of their documentary resources into the study of the key concenters of Ukrainian studies: Ukraine-ethnos, Ukraine-nature (ecology), Ukraine-language, Ukraine-nation, Ukraine-state, Ukraine-figures, Ukraine-culture, Ukraine-spirituality, Ukraine-mentality. It is emphasized that to figure out the concenter Ukraine-world, ultimately important are digitized personal funds of Ukrainian emigration activists, Ukrainian State Center and the UPR government in exile, collection of political documents, public and cultural associations in the diaspora stored in the Central State Archives of Foreign Ukrainian Studies. In view of the fact that the problems of historical memory, dramatic pages of the Ukrainian history related to mass repressions, famines, “shot revival”, terror of the communist regime, the Ukrainian resistance movement, the Sixties and dissidents, nationalist underground, activities of the OUN and the UPA take a significant place in the Ukrainian studies domain, documentary evidence, which was saved in paper, audiovisual and electronic formats in the sectoral state archives of the Security Service of Ukraine, Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Ukrainian Institute of National Remembrance, etc., gain more and more attention. The research distinguishes place and role in the structure of the Ukrainian studies source base of electronic information resources of social networks, Internet communities, including Facebook, YouTube, WhatsApp, Viber, Instagram, Twitter, Telegram, Messenger etc., which are global, dynamic and general in nature. It expresses a warning about the need for critical attitude towards information, gained from social networks, because they are often used for disinformation through fake posts, manipulation of consciousness, for compromising public figures, which was especially manifested in the context of Russia’s occupation-hybrid warfare against Ukraine, powerful information aggression, "war of stories", imposition of the “Russian World” paradigm.The conclusion substantiates that the formation of electronic Ukrainian studies, further involvement in the source database of electronic information resources facilitate the improvement of their role as a system of scientific knowledge and academic discipline.
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Castro Córdoba, ELENA. "Historias con-tacto Una aproximación erotohistoriográfica al archivo". RE-VISIONES, n.º 11 (dezembro de 2021): 225–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.57149/re-visiones.11.16.
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Este artículo parte de mi experiencia como voluntaria en la catalogación de los fondos de Gretel Ammann, activista lesbofeminista catalana, donados al Centro de Documentación de Ca la Dona. Enmarcada dentro del campo de las temporalidades queer y las historiografías afectivas, analizo la importancia de la mano como herramienta erotohistoriográfica lésbica y como forma de sensibilidad y comprensión de los materiales de este archivo que nos permite acercarnos a las generaciones e historias previas a nosotras. El deseo, el terror o el amor son afectos que acontecen en el contacto con el material archivístico y que muestran cómo el presente siempre es híbrido.
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Stasiulis, Stanislovas. "Lietuvos studijų biuro veikla vokiečIų okupacijos metu,1941–1944 m." Lietuvos istorijos metraštis 2023, n.º 1 (1 de julho de 2023): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33918/25386549-202301006.
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The article analyses the founding, functions, and activities of the Bureau of Lithuanian Studies and its subdivision, the Museum of the Red Terror, which worked during the German occupation of Lithuania (1941–1944) and is fragmentarily represented in historiography. The institution discussed performed three functions: archival, by collecting and accumulating materials about the first Soviet occupation in Lithuania; research, by analysing and publishing the collected material in its publication; and, finally, the museum function, by organising an exhibition and developing the idea of the Museum of Red Terror. The article states that during the entire period of occupation, the smooth functioning of the Bureau of Lithuanian Studies and the Museum of Red Terror subordinated to it was determined by the activities carried out by both institutions, which were favourable to both Lithuanian and German interests.
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Sal’man, M. G. "Two Students of Professor S. A. Vengerov (Archival Sources)". Russkaya literatura 1 (2020): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31860/0131-6095-2020-1-21-40.
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The article, based on the previously unpublished archival documents, contains unknown facts from the life of Professor S. A. Vengerov. An attempt is made to reconstruct the life stories of two of his students, originally from Arkhangelsk, whose names are to be found in the lists of political terror victims, compiled by Memorial.
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Sydykov, Ye, A. Zhanbosinova, Ye Sailaubay e Kh Maslov. "Archival evidence as a source of memory representation on the history of political repressions". Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Historical Sciences. Philosophy. Religion Series 142, n.º 1 (2023): 44–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7255-2023-142-1-44-60.
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Historical memory as a way of storing and broadcasting past events, being an integral part of human culture, determines many interdisciplinary research approaches. The authors focused on the history of political repressions that left the deepest imprint in the public consciousness of the Kazakh community. Despite the fact that the historiography of the proposed topic has fundamental works, serious scientific publications, new discoveries and interesting results, not all sources of the history of political repressions have become the object of scientific research. The presented author's research for the first time introduces into scientific circulation fragments of the archival evidence of S. Baibulin’s case, a native of Kazakhstan, who was arrested in the city of Kyiv in 1937, convicted by the Special Council and repressed by the NKVD of the Ukrainian SSR. The case of S. Baibulin was deposited in the archives of the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU). The authors presented a source study analysis of the archival evidence, demonstrated the possibilities and methods of extracting information in order to form the framework / frame of the personal memory of the victim of political repressions. The uniqueness of the scientific content of the article lies in the opportunity to get acquainted with the structure of the archival evidence, as a source of memory representation on the history of political repressions in the focus of the presented ego-documents. Such a representation of memory can be considered as the practice of public commemoration of the victim, whose personal data remained only in a single source - an archival evidence. The authors’ goal was restoring historical justice for the victim of political terror, despite the presence of rehabilitation in accordance with the Law of the Ukrainian SSR "On the rehabilitation of victims of political repression in Ukraine" dated April 17, 1991, S. Baibulin, as a repressed person, does not appear in the camp lists of Belomor-Baltic Forced Labor Camp where he served time, and his data are not included in the lists of those rehabilitated, neither in Ukraine, nor in Kazakhstan.
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Bertelsen, Olga. "Regional Nationalism and Soviet Anxieties during the Great Terror in Ukraine: The Case of Mykhailo Bykovets'". East/West: Journal of Ukrainian Studies 3, n.º 1 (15 de fevereiro de 2016): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21226/t2h01c.
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<p class="EW-abstract"><strong>Abstract: </strong>This study examines Soviet nationalities policies and the elimination of Ukrainian intellectuals during the Great Terror in Ukraine by exploring the individual history of the Ukrainian literary figure Mykhailo Bykovets', one of the founders of the literary association “Pluh” (Plough) and one of the initiators of the Literary Discussion that emerged in the mid-twenties. The research explores the <em>modus operandi</em> of a key Soviet institution, the GPU/NKVD, and its proactive methods of the de-nationalization of Ukrainian society. Bykovets’s criminal case seems to be axiomatic of the Great Terror, exhibiting common patterns of the secret organs’ procedural and investigative tactics. Through an analysis of Bykovets’s archival file, and the themes and questions that were central to the investigation of Bykovets’s “crimes,” the study illuminates the persistent national vector of repression against the representatives of the Ukrainian intelligentsia during the Great Terror. </p><p class="EW-Keyword"><strong>Keywords:</strong> The Great Terror, Secret Police, Kharkiv, Ukrainian Intellectuals, Mykhailo Bykovets'</p>
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Markova, Svitlana, e Olesia Stasiuk. "Mass Artificial Famine of 1921—1923: Social and Economic Consequences of Legitimation of the Communist Regime in Ukraine". Ukrainian Studies, n.º 3(80) (28 de outubro de 2021): 114–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30840/2413-7065.3(80).2021.240626.
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The article attempts to generalize social and economic consequences of legitimation of the communist regime in Ukraine on the basis of analysis of historical and statistical data, and to confirm the fact of mass artificial famine in 1921–1923 and regular confiscation, export of grain and food products abroad from Ukraine. To ensure a comprehensive study of the main aspects of the research topic, we used historical, problem-chronological, historical-comparative, historical-psychological methods, as well as general scientific methods – systematization, analysis, generalization, modeling, etc. The new archival materials from the funds of State Archives of Zaporizhzhia Region were introduced into the scientific use that prove the facts of mass artificial famine of 1921–1923, as well as the materials from the State Archives of Khmelnytskyi Region that confirm the facts of regular and extra confiscations and export of grain, especially abroad. It is mentioned that after the legitimation of party and Soviet organizations in Ukrainian territories with the use of Cheka, the Bolsheviks conducted the policy of confiscations, product dictatorship, used already known and created new mechanisms of terror. In 1922, mass famine covered Zaporizhzhia province, and because of the lack of relief aid, people were physically exhausted, ate surrogates, died of starvation; there were cases of cannibalism. During 1922, the system of compulsory extra confiscations (of rye and wheat) for starving regions was introduced in the regions that suffered less, especially in Podillia province. Regular extra confiscations and export of grain from Podillia province had prolonged effects, which later led to the stagnation of agricultural sphere in the region, facts of starvation and hunger edema.
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Alagozkyzy, G. "A policy of ‘dekulakization’ and deportations from the republic: on the example of special resettlers exiled from Kyrgyzstan to Ukraine (1930-1933)". Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Historical Sciences. Philosophy. Religion Series 140, n.º 3 (2022): 122–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7255-2022-140-3-122-135.
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In this article, the author performs a study of kulaks exiled from the territory of Kyrgyzstan to the south of Ukraine in the 1930s. The study analyzes the evolution of the attitude of the Soviet regime towards the kulaks within the framework of the policy of collectivization. The author analyzed the goals of the repressive policy in the 30s of the twentieth century, the criteria, and the mechanism for selecting the repressed. The article also considers a number of the main problems of the history of mass repressions against the kulaks during the Great Terror in 1937-1938. The main attention is paid to identifying the specifics of repressive measures in relation to various target groups of order № 00447: former kulaks, participants in peasant uprisings, clergy, religious activists, and criminals. Based on the microhistorical approach, the focus of repressions on strengthening the collective farm system is determined. Documents gathered during the expedition searching for information about kulaks from the archives of Ukraine and Kyrgyzstan, in which the author took part, was used as a source base for the article. Besides archival materials, oral histories gathered by the Esimde research platform from the families and descendants of kulaks deported to Ukraine, and open information published in the mass media were used.
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Mieliekiestsev, Kyrylo, e Oleksandr But. "Podiilia sugar industry owners under Stalinist struggle for “mono‑majority” in the Soviet society". Universum Historiae et Archeologiae 3, n.º 2 (29 de dezembro de 2020): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/26200209.
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The aim: firstly, to show the essence of Stalin’s understanding of the Anti-Soviet elements in the context of the Socialist Successes, and, secondly, to describe neglected attitude of the authorities to the sugar industry on the example of Podillia. The Source base. The article is based on the analysis of archived investigation cases of the former NKVD found in the State Archives of Vinnytsia Region, and in “Rehabilitated by History” book series, detailing specific examples of mass arrests of sugar industry owners: from the leadership of the Oblast Sugar Trust to various directors and chief engineers of sugar mills and factories. Research methods. The historical-critical method helped to separate official propaganda from the essence of facts in the analysis of primary sources. This allows to prove the positive dynamics of development and real successes of the sugar industry, as evidenced by the author’s tables. The historical-comparative method leads to actualization of common features of the Soviet totalitarianism with the authoritarian regimes of the 21st century. Main results. Based on the analysis of in-depth reading of documents of the VIII Extraordinary Congress of the Soviets of the USSR and the long taboo regarding the researching of documents of the February-March (1937) plenum of the Central Committee of the CPSU(b), it is evident that the Secretary General of the ruling party reached a strategic conclusion. Stalin succeeded in convincing the party-state elite that the new “enemies of the people” came neither from the capitalist camp, nor from the ranks of “bourgeois specialists”, but rather from inside the party itself, declaring that the economic cadres were “clogged by spies and saboteurs”. The authors highlight the extent of the damage caused by the Great Terror to one of the important industries of Ukraine, which limited the supply of sugar to the population. Conclusions. Mass repression would have been impossible without one party’s absolute control over government and society, which is a lesson for future generations. Practical meaning. The article’s results sufficiently provide an additional justification for further studies of mass repressions and the Soviet totalitarianism, and also constitute a warning to state leaders against such “excesses” in the search for “mono-majority”. The data may be used for textbooks on the history of Ukraine, Vinnytsia Region, Polish community in Podillia, in regional studies, mass media and in fiction. Originality. The article is based on recently opened archives concerning the fate of victims of terror. Scientific novelty. The data from DAVO’s archives on the oppressed personnel of the sugar industry was first introduced into scientific circulation and summarized, the names of little-known owners of the industry are restored. Type of article: analytical.
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Martínez Rojas, Francisco Juan. "Los Archivos Eclesiásticos en Andalucía Oriental: situación actual y perspectivas de futuro". Anuario de Historia de la Iglesia Andaluza 1 (13 de junho de 2008): 187–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.46543/ahia.0801.1005.
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Este artículo recoge la situación actual y las perspectivas de futuro de los archivos eclesiásticos de la Andalucía oriental, es decir, de la provincia eclesiástica de Granada: Almería, Granada, Guadix, Jaén y Málaga. En un primer apartado aborda el problema de las instalaciones y de personal. Y en su segundo punto, la visión particular de los principales archivos de cada una de las diócesis que integran esta provincia eclesiástica. A pesar de lo mucho que se ha hecho en los archivos eclesiásticos, en el tercer apartado,ofrecemos una visión general sobre las tareas pendientes y las perspectivas de futuro: catalogación, digitalización de documentos, censos y fondos documentales de todos los archivos eclesiásticos de cada diócesis, colaboración con las autoridades, acuerdos con entidades privadas, etc.
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Schipor, Ilie. "Comunişti români în Arhivele Cominternului. Noi informaţii, I". ARHIVELE TOTALITARISMULUI 31, n.º 3-4 (13 de fevereiro de 2024): 17–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.61232/at.2023.3-4.02.
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The article brings to attention some of the results of the research carried out by the author in the former Comintern Archives (now the Russian State Archives of Social-Political History / RGASPI) in Moscow, which contain thousands of files containing very important documents for the knowledge of the history of contemporary Romania.Particularly interesting is the information that the author extracts from the archives of the Representation of the Romanian Communist Party to the Comintern and its correspondence with Romanian communists and political emigrants, from the fonds on the participation of Romanian volunteers in the internationalist brigades in Spain (1936-1938) or the tragic fate of leading Romanian communists and political emigrants who were executed during the Great Stalinist Terror of 1936-1938. Last but not least, documents on anti-fascist propaganda and `re-education` work among Romanian prisoners held (in 1941-1956) in NKVD camps and for their recruitment into the USSR's post-war foreign agents are brought to light.
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Aleksandrovna Portnyagina, Natalia, e Dmitry Igorevich Portnyagin. "THE TERROR OF THE PERIOD OF THE FIRST RUSSIAN REVOLUTION IN THE ASSESSMENT OF BRITISH DIPLOMATS (ON THE MATERIALS OF THE BRITISH NATIONAL ARCHIVE)". Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, n.º 5 (30 de outubro de 2019): 888–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.75115.
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Purpose of the study: To explore in detail the terror of the period of the first Russian revolution in the assessment of British diplomats during the revolution of 1905-1907.
Methodology: The research is based on archival documents, most of which are introduced into scientific discourse for the first time, as well as periodical press materials of that time. The research draws from the documents of the British National Archive and the Russian State Historical Archive (fund: 1276 - Office of the Council of Ministers). The article employs chronological, historical-typological, historical-genetic, comparative and illustrative research methods, as well as systematic analysis and synthesis.
Main Findings: The research suggests that in 1905-1907 terror affected not only Russian but also British citizens. British reaction to terror in Russia slowed down the signing of a foreign policy agreement between the countries.
Applications of this study: The study may be used by historians and everyone interested in the questions of the First Russian Revolution as well as the history of diplomatic relations with Britain. The results of the study can be used in universities to study the history of Russia and the history of international relations at the beginning of the 20th century.
Novelty/Originality of this study: Many historians focus on terror in Russia during the revolution of 1905-1907. However, the reflections on revolutionary terror by British diplomats did not become a subject of research in Russian or foreign historiography.
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Lloyd-Jones, Ralph. "Franklin’s men and their families: New evidence from the Allotment Books". Polar Record 54, n.º 4 (julho de 2018): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247418000451.
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AbstractA rich seam of scientific research has been opened by the recent location of both shipwrecks from the disastrous 1845 Franklin northwest passage expedition. Even more than the forensic study of any human remains, the contents of Her Majesty’s Discovery Ships Erebus and Terror have already begun to illuminate the day-to-day lives of Victorian sailors in the Arctic. Yet many hitherto unexamined but informative documents have survived too, both in the British National Archives and at local levels throughout the United Kingdom, which also enable us to focus upon those men, their work and families, thereby gaining a far better understanding of their meticulously planned but ultimately doomed voyage. This article examines the previously ignored Royal Navy Allotment Books and cross-references them with other contemporary records, such as censuses and parish registers, to give us new insights into the backgrounds of the crews of HMSs Erebus and Terror.
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KUROMIYA, HIROAKI. "STALIN AND HIS ERA". Historical Journal 50, n.º 3 (28 de agosto de 2007): 711–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x07006322.
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ABSTRACTThe partial opening up of the formerly closed Soviet archives has had an enormous impact on the amount of new historical material available for research. Recent developments in research on Stalin and the Soviet Union are remarkable. The present article examines these developments with respect to three particular topics: ‘Stalin and Terror’, ‘Stalin and ideology’, and ‘Stalin and society’. It argues that whereas in certain areas new information has led to a greater consensus among historians, in others, such as Stalin's Great Terror, it has led to heated controversy. The article asks why, and suggests that the problem lies both in conceptualization and in the use of historical sources. More generally, the article discusses the present state of knowledge in the field. Because the study of Stalinism is often assessed in the light of the study of Nazism, it includes brief comparisons of Stalin and Hitler and Stalinism and Nazism where appropriate.
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Samuilova, Simona. "Bulgarians in the GULAG: The Cases of Political Exiles Nediu Sakov and Petar Marinov". Istoriya-History 30, n.º 6 (1 de dezembro de 2022): 571–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/his2022-6-1-bul.
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The article examines Stalin's confrontation with the Bulgarian communist exiles in the USSR by the example of two political émigrés – Nediu Sakov and Petar Marinov, who were arrested during the mass purges in 1936 – 1938 and sentenced to five and three years in labor camps. For reconstruction of the experienced repressions and imprisonment in the Gulag are used published documents from the Bulgarian archives, electronic databases of the victims of political terror in the Soviet Union of the international human rights organization “Memorial”, as well as the unpublished memoirs of the two Bulgarians, stored for many years in the former Central Party Archive of the Central Committee of the Bulgarian Communist Party. The comparison of documents and memoir testimonies, which contain a wide range of personal experience, helps to more completely reconstruct the repressive policy towards the Bulgarian communist emigration in the USSR during the “Great Terror” and to expand the scientific knowledge about the Bulgarians in the GULAG.
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Cruwys, Liz. "Henry Grinnell and the American Franklin searches". Polar Record 26, n.º 158 (julho de 1990): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247400011451.
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AbstractHenry Grinnell (1799–1874), a retired New York shipping magnate, maintained for 20 years a correspondence with Jane Franklin, wife of the British explorer Sir John Franklin whose ships Erebus and Terror were lost in the Arctic some time after 1845. Grinnell financed two United States expeditions and two searches by Charles Francis Hall to the Arctic to collect information on the fate of the Franklin expedition. Grinnell's letters, now held in the archives of the Scott Polar Research Institute, form the basis of this article.
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Velikanova, Olga. "The First Stalin Mass Operation (1927)". Soviet and Post-Soviet Review 40, n.º 1 (2013): 64–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18763324-04001003.
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This article based on new archival documents introduces a new episode of mass operations, which took place in June and July of 1927 and was directed against the broad group of “anti-Soviet” forces. It preceded many practices of mass terror of the 1930s with judicial and extra-legal mechanisms. The goal of this article is to explain motivations, justifications, and mechanisms of this repressive campaign and to put this episode in the wider context of Soviet terror. Facing the combination of a perceived danger of war and real internal social hostility expressed in broad defeatism, both threatening the perpetuation of their governmental powers, authorities resorted to repressions. The 1927 episode highlights the factor of a perceived threat of war as a crucial motivating element in Soviet repressive tactics.
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Lauchlan, Iain. "Terror by Quota: State Security from Lenin to Stalin (An Archival Study)". Revolutionary Russia 24, n.º 1 (junho de 2011): 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09546545.2011.570928.
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Salman, Marina. "Ученики и учителя Тенишевского училища (по школьным журналам и архивным документам) [Tenishev School: Its Instructors, Students, School Magazines and Archives]". Slavica Revalensia 8 (2021): 117–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22601/sr.2021.08.06.
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This article results from extensive archival research, and compares information found in Tenishev school magazines to the archival data concerning the school life of the corresponding period. The article’s major goal is to reconstruct life stories of Tenishev school students and the school’s instructors as meticulously as possible, and also to demonstrate the style of communication between the teachers and adolescents. It also reveals some previously unknown information concerning the life story of Tenishev School director Alexander Ostrogorskii (1868—1908). KEYWORDS: 20th-Century Russian History, Osip Mandel’shtam (1891—1938), Viktor Zhirmunskii (1891—1971), Alexander Ostrogorskii (1868—1908), Tenishev School, School Magazines, Soviet Terror, History of School Education in Russia.
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Al-Shimemeri, Abdullah. "Challenges Faced by the Intensive Care Unit during a Terrorist Attack: The Riyadh Experience". ISRN Emergency Medicine 2012 (30 de agosto de 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/859783.
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Background. Globally, we are facing a “terror epidemic” with incidences of terrorist attacks on innocent civilians increasing worldwide. The volume and nature of injuries resulting from such attacks challenge even the most sophisticated and well-prepared trauma systems and health institutions. Over seventy percent of terror attacks involve bomb explosions with improvised explosive devices (IEDs) resulting in a unique pattern of injuries to the victims. Here, we present data on the terrorist attacks on the city of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between March 1991 to the present and discuss in retrospect the event outcomes and features which may be useful for the preparedness of the intensive care unit (ICU) in the wake of future attacks. Methods. Data from nine hospitals in Riyadh that catered to patients during terrorist strikes were collected retrospectively. Details of the incidents were collected from news media archives. Results. The majority of terror strikes (~80%) involved a bomb blast with the use of explosives. The victims included 148 casualties, 45 hospitalizations, 103 discharges after first aid, and 3 incidences of admission to the critical care unit. Conclusion. Using the Riyadh experience, we analyze data and the series of events in the ICU following terrorist explosions. The analysis provides important insights for the trauma unit so that it is better prepared and organized for such incidents in the future.
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Zhanbossinova, A., e N. Potapova. "Protocols of extra-judicial instances as a source for the study of mass operations of 1937-1938 in the Kazakh SSR". Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Historical Sciences. Philosophy. Religion Series 145, n.º 4 (2023): 74–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523//2616-7255-2023-145-4-74-91.
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This article characterizes such a massive source for the study of the Great Terror as an extrajudicial decision. During the period 1937–1938. The NKVD authorities carried out repression in three main areas, which included the “kulak” operation, a series of “national” punitive actions, as well as prosecutions against violators of the passport regime, criminal and declassed elements. Endowed with extrajudicial powers, the security officers independently sentenced those arrested to various penalties, including the death penalty. Extrajudicial bodies (“kulak”, police, Special troika, Special meeting under the NKVD of the USSR, Commission of the NKVD and the Prosecutor of the USSR), created to pronounce and approve sentences, recorded their repressive decisions. Until now, access to these types of sources is difficult, but they contain rich material for the study of mass operations. The researchers of this article managed to collect decisions of extrajudicial instances in the Kazakh SSR, deposited in Russian and Kazakh archives. Using their example, a description is given of each type of extrajudicial protocols that functioned during the years of the Great Terror. It is concluded that this type of sources is important material for the study of political terror, since detailed data processing allows us to draw conclusions about the scale of repression, target categories, mechanisms of implementation, both at the regional and union levels, and territorial features of persecution.
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Zhanbosinova, A., e N. Potapova. "Protocols of extra-judicial instances as a source for the study of mass operations of 1937-1938 in the Kazakh SSR". Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Historical Sciences. Philosophy. Religion Series 145, n.º 4 (2023): 74–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32523/2616-7255-2023-145-4-74-91.
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This article characterizes such a massive source for the study of the Great Terror as an extrajudicial decision. During the period 1937–1938. The NKVD authorities carried out repression in three main areas, which included the “kulak” operation, a series of “national” punitive actions, as well as prosecutions against violators of the passport regime, criminal and declassed elements. Endowed with extrajudicial powers, the security officers independently sentenced those arrested to various penalties, including the death penalty. Extrajudicial bodies (“kulak”, police, Special troika, Special meeting under the NKVD of the USSR, Commission of the NKVD and the Prosecutor of the USSR), created to pronounce and approve sentences, recorded their repressive decisions. Until now, access to these types of sources is difficult, but they contain rich material for the study of mass operations. The researchers of this article managed to collect decisions of extrajudicial instances in the Kazakh SSR, deposited in Russian and Kazakh archives. Using their example, a description is given of each type of extrajudicial protocols that functioned during the years of the Great Terror. It is concluded that this type of sources is important material for the study of political terror, since detailed data processing allows us to draw conclusions about the scale of repression, target categories, mechanisms of implementation, both at the regional and union levels, and territorial features of persecution.
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D. S., Honchar. "VICTIMS OF EXTRAJUDICIAL REPRESSION AND SUBJECTS OF CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR COUNTERREVOLUTIONARY CRIMES IN THE TERRITORY OF UKRAINE (1918–1922 AD)". Actual problems of native jurisprudence, n.º 4 (30 de agosto de 2019): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/391903.
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The article examines the relation between the Bolshevik political doctrine and the activity of the extraordinary commissions in theUkrainian SSR in 1918-1922. The forms and methods of combating counterrevolutionary crimes are shown. The mechanism of implementation of the “red terror” policy in the context of the struggle with counterrevolution was explored. The legal basis for the work of extraordinary commissions on repression is analyzed. Compared the legalization of responsibility forcounter-revolutionary crimes and the practice of its application. The article analyzes the class affiliation, the social status of victims ofextrajudicial repressions by extraordinary commissions. Compares the experience of the Jacobin terror during the French Revolution and the Bolshevik “red terror” policy. The author presentsstatistical data on the number of victims of repression, their social status, class membership both during the Jacobin dictatorshipin France and during the implementation of the “red terror” policy in Ukraine. The author mentions information from archival sources about the activities of extraordinary commissions and their repression. The normative basis of the policy of “red terror”, a special legislation that was active in this field is explored. The author in the articlepresents assessments of the activities of the Bolshevik bodies of state security in Ukraine from the side of real eyewitnesses, participantsin those events, party figures, and publicists of those times. The provisions of secret documents that aimed at manually managing the policy of “red terror” were set forth. The author presentsa series of statistical data on the performance of state security bodies in Ukraine. The genesis of the development of criminal-law policyin the field of struggle with counterrevolutionary crimes was explored. The article analyzes the provisions of the Criminal Code of the USSR in 1922, which concern the establishment of criminal responsibilityfor counter-revolutionary crimes. Significant differences of the current criminal law in the field of crimes against the nationalsecurity of Ukraine and the Bolshevik criminal legislation regarding the fight against state crimes were revealed.
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LLOYD-Jones, RALPH. "The men who sailed with Franklin". Polar Record 41, n.º 4 (19 de setembro de 2005): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247405004651.
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Using research methods well-known to family history investigators, it is possible to discover a remarkable amount of biographical information not merely on the officers, but also about the ratings who sailed — and died — with Sir John Franklin and Captain Francis Crozier on the 1845 Northwest Passage expedition. The findings from this research, mostly carried out at local and national archives in and around London, greatly enhances the understanding of that disaster, filling in gaps and answering questions raised by recent archaeological and forensic discoveries. This is the hitherto ignored social background to the last voyage of HMS Erebus and HMS Terror.
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Vatlin, Alexander. "Weltrevolutionär im Abseits". Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte 62, n.º 4 (15 de outubro de 2014): 515–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/vfzg-2014-0025.
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Vorspann In vielen Darstellungen der revolutionären Ereignisse in Bayern 1918/19 taucht der Name Tobias Axelrod auf. Seine Rolle in der Münchner Räterepublik ist bekannt, doch darüber hinaus lagen über sein Leben bislang nur sporadische Informationen vor. Der Moskauer Historiker Alexander Vatlin hat sich in russischen und deutschen Archiven auf eine biografische Spurensuche begeben und zeichnet das Porträt eines rastlosen Revolutionärs, dem zur politischen Karriere Glück und Talent fehlten und der am Ende Stalins Terror zum Opfer fiel.
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Khelfa, Nouha. "The War on Terror: The Neo-American Manifest Destiny". Indonesian Journal of Counter Terrorism and National Security 2, n.º 1 (31 de janeiro de 2023): 21–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ijctns.v2i1.64687.
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Significant literature has concluded that Islamic-terrorist activity in the Middle East and in Europe had increased drastically since the beginning of the implementation of the Bush Doctrine in 2001 after 9/11, with the rise of ISIS. However, little is known about the causal mechanism that links between the Post-9/11 U.S. foreign policy and the rise of new terrorist organizations, particularly the Islamic State in Iraq. Hence, the focus of this study is to process trace such mechanism. It will also explain why the War on Terror has produced totally opposite results from those it was originally intended for. Finally, this study is a within-case analysis that might be a microscopic observation of the imperial American behavior in the Middle East. This study relies on explaining outcome process-tracing methodology, and employing oral and historical accounts, archives and statistical data. I argue that the War on Terror, precisely the period of the Bush’s presidency (2001-2009), to be the continuity of the historical imperial behavior that inspires the U.S. foreign policy. I will only focus on two main policies: the Invasion of Afghanistan in 2001 and the Invasion of Iraq in 2003 because invasion is the most concrete manifestation of imperialism. The result shows that the invasion of Iraq led to sectarianism that IS feeds on, and that the invasion of Afghanistan led to the geographical expansion of Jihadists. Together they fused to cause the mutation of Al-Qaeda into a more complex Islamic-inspired terrorist organization (IS).
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Cabello del Moral, Pedro. "Tomar la casa: Politics of haunting, contra-archivo y resistencia indígena en La llorona, de Jayro Bustamante". ÍSTMICA. Revista de la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras 1, n.º 30 (24 de julho de 2022): 65–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/istmica.30.5.
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El largometraje La llorona (Jayro Bustamante, 2019) persigue contribuir a la restitución de una deuda histórica con el pueblo indígena guatemalteco; una deuda no satisfecha plenamente con los acuerdos de paz de 1996. El pasado espectral viene encarnado en Alma, la sirvienta maya kaqchikel que entra a trabajar en la casa del general Monteverde, responsable del genocidio de las comunidades indígenas cuando era presidente del país centroamericano. Al invertir la idea del haunting, o tormento, son el torturador y su familia lxs que se ven acosados por sus acciones pasadas, que hasta ahora habían quedado impunes, no solo a nivel jurídico, sino también a nivel moral. La figura metafórica de “La Llorona”, que llora desconsolada más allá de la muerte porque sus hijos han sido asesinados frente a ella, desencadena el terror que vivirá la familia protagonista, obligada a enfrentarse al pasado en el contexto del juicio popular contra Monteverde. La lujosa mansión del expresidente, una casa tomada, rodeada de manifestantes clamando por sus desaparecidxs, se volverá un espacio asfixiante capaz de atentar contra sus habitantes como respuesta a las demandas de justicia. Este artículo se interroga sobre tres aspectos fundamentales de la película. En primer lugar, cómo se elabora audiovisualmente el contra-archivo del juicio de Ríos Montt en 2013, de quien Monteverde es trasunto en la ficción. En segundo lugar, de qué manera se movilizan las politics of haunting negociando un discurso que transciende el género de terror y entronca con el de denuncia social. Y finalmente, cuáles son los procedimientos que utiliza el filme para presentar la resistencia indígena y la decolonialidad como opciones para construir el presente democrático en Guatemala.
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Potapova, N. A., e A. A. Babiy. "Special Troika of the Krasnoyarsk NKVD: the Number of the Repressed in the Fall of 1938". Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 23, n.º 4 (6 de janeiro de 2022): 911–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2021-23-4-911-919.
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The research featured the Special Troika of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, i.e. a committee of three officials who issued sentences without public trial. The authors focused on the number of the convicted on the so-called ethnic cases during the late Great Terror in the fall of 1938. The study was based on the archival documents of the Special Troika of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. According to the protocols, 1,894 local residents were found guilty in the ethnic cases in in the fall of 1938. Out of 1,690 people who were sentenced to capital punishment, less than 1% were executed. On November 26, 1938, the NKVD issued Order No. 00762, which marked the end of the Great Terror and recommended to transfer the remaining cases to the courts. Those convicted on the last day of mass repressions were released, and the NKVD authorities were forbidden to carry out sentences approved by the Special Troika after November 15, 1938. On December 22, 1938, People's Commissar of Internal Affairs L. P. Beria declared that all execution sentences issued by the Troika before November 17, 1928, became invalid.
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Kurylchuk, Natalia. "“TERROR-FAMINE” AS A WAY TO BUILD OBEDIENT SOCIETY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF OLEVSK DISTRICT VILLAGES IN ZHYTOMYR REGION)". Skhid, n.º 2(1) (30 de abril de 2021): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21847/1728-9343.2021.2(1).230337.
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The article shows the implementation of the policy of subjection of the peasants of the border Olevsk district in Polissya by the Soviet authorities through the use of terror-famine. Based on the materials of the State Archives of Zhytomyr Region, which were first introduced into scientific circulation, and the involvement of the available source and historiographical array, it has been proved that the Holodomor was used as genocide in the villages of the district, as well as throughout Ukraine, and exterminated the population only in 1933. The concept of “famine” or “terror-famine” should be applied to mass deaths in 1932, a well-planned action by the authorities to exterminate the number of peasants who resisted the government’s policies and thus force everyone else to work on the collective farms with “full efficiency”. Having studied in detail the content of the materials of the Olevsk Party Committee and the reports of the 19th Olevsk Border Department, the author reconstructs the course of collective farm construction in the “Olevsk border area”, emphasizing that the resistance of the peasants was fierce. This provoked the authorities to use artificial famine against the dissatisfied in order to build ideal farms, demonstrative for foreign neighbors, on the border.
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Conte, Gonzalo. "A topography of memory: Reconstructing the architectures of terror in the Argentine dictatorship". Memory Studies 8, n.º 1 (9 de outubro de 2014): 86–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1750698014552411.
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This essay introduces the work of Memoria Abierta (Open Memory), a non-governmental organisation that compiles, organises and distributes the mass of documentary evidence from human rights organisations and other personal and institutional archives connected to State terrorism in Argentina. It collates testimony on social and political life of the 1960s and 1970s and works on the territorial and spatial memory of the period of political violence in Argentina. Specifically, the ‘Topography of Memory’ section collects, systematises and produces documentation about sites, buildings and spaces that were used as spaces of temporary detention and clandestine detention centres, as well as spaces of recognition and remembrance. The decision to include architecture among the disciplines contributing to the organisation’s memory work has opened up possibilities for visualising the spaces that form the backdrop to the victims’ experience, as well walking through them. I shall discuss spaces where crimes were committed, including clandestine detention centres in urban, semi-urban and rural areas. Architectonic memory involves territories where traumatic events happened, ones characterised by the systematic use of repressive practices.
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Hafter, Lea. "Entre la fascinación y el terror. La escritura del cine argentino de El desencuentro a La traición de Rita Hayworth". Orbis Tertius 25, n.º 32 (6 de novembro de 2020): e172. http://dx.doi.org/10.24215/18517811e172.
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El cine en la obra de Manuel Puig es un tema vertebrador. Sin embargo, poco se ha dicho acerca de la presencia del cine argentino en su obra. A partir los manuscritos de La traición de Rita Hayworth y del archivo del escritor se propone una lectura, en clave de experiencia cinematográfica, de las películas argentinas que forman parte de la génesis de la novela.
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Kuzminykh, Alexander L. "The History of Political Repression in the Vologda Region (1918–1953): the last monograph by Professor V. Konasov". Historia provinciae – the journal of regional history 5, n.º 4 (2021): 1370–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.23859/2587-8344-2021-5-4-8.
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The monograph under review considers the tragic pages of mass terror and the activity of special settlements, prisons and labor camps in the territory of Vologda Oblast in the period between 1918 and 1953 against the general historical background. The source base of the monograph includes archival materials, documentary collections, periodicals, memoirs, and the publications on the subject of research. This allows the author to go beyond the framework of traditional historiographical approaches and recreate a multifaceted history of the punitive system of the Soviet state in human dimension on the example of the Vologda land.