Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Arabic Chronology"

Modern nationalisms first arose during the later eighteenth century around the wide periphery of the ancient heartland of western culture and gnawed their way inward during the course of the nineteenth century to the core, culminating in World War I, Each new nationalism generated an original “imagined community” of human beings, part of whose ideological cohesion derived from a sense of shared historical experience. Since the actual historical record would not necessarily satisfy this hunger, it was often found expedient to amend the past through acts of imagination aptly termed the “invention of tradition.”One of the many new “imagined communities” of the long nineteenth century took shape in the northern Nile-valley Sudan between the final disintegration of the old kingdom of Sinnar (irredeemable after the death of the strongman Muhammad Abu Likaylik in 1775) and the publication of Harold MacMichael's A History of the Arabs in the Sudan in 1922. The new national community born of the collapse of Sinnar, strongly committed to Arabic speech and Islamic faith, was tested by fire through foreign conquest and revolution, by profound socio-economic transformation, and by the challenges attendant on participation in an extended sub-imperialism that earned it hegemony—first cultural, and ultimately political—over all the diverse peoples of the modern Sudan.One important response of the nascent community to the trials of this difficult age was the invention of a new national historical tradition, according to which its members were descended via comparatively recent immigrants to the Sudan from eminent Arabs of Islamic antiquity.

The third/ninth-century translator Ḥunayn b. Isḥāq and his associates produced more than a hundred mostly medical translations from Greek into Syriac and then into Arabic. We know little about the chronology of these translations, except for a few scattered remarks in Ḥunayn’sRisāla(Epistle). This article attempts to reconstruct the chronology based on Hippocratic quotations in the Arabic translation of Galen’s works. Hippocratic writings were usually not translated independently but embedded in Galen’s commentaries, so a comparison between this “embedded” Hippocrates and quotations from the same Hippocratic text elsewhere in the Arabic Galen might reveal chronological relationships. The findings of this collation are thought-provoking, but they need to be weighed against the uncertainties surrounding translation methods and potential interference by well-meaning later scholars and scribes.

AbstractMuch of how we sequence events in speech mirrors the order of their natural occurrence. While event chains that conform to chronology may be easier to process, languages offer substantial freedom to manipulate temporal order. This article explores to what extent digressions from chronology are attributable to differences in grammatical aspect systems. We compared reverse order reports (RORs) in event descriptions elicited from native speakers of four languages, two with (Spanish, Modern Standard Arabic [MSA]) and two without grammatical aspect (German, Hungarian). In the Arabic group, all participants were highly competent MSA speakers from Palestine and Jordan. Standardized frequency counts showed significantly more RORs expressed by non-aspect groups than by aspect groups. Adherence to chronology changing as a function of contrast in grammatical aspect signal that languages without obligatory marking of ongoingness may provide more flexibility for event reordering. These findings bring novel insights about the dynamic interplay between language structure and temporal sequencing in the discourse stream.

This paper sheds light on one aspect of the large-scale influx of Arabic scientific knowledge into Byzantium through an analysis of three Byzantine astrological compendia that contain texts originally written in Greek as well as those translated from Arabic to Greek. While written c. 1200–1400, each manuscript contains a compilation that was assembled in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. The paper first considers the dating of each of the three compilations and shows the utility in using these late Byzantine manuscripts to study Middle Byzantine astrology. Second, it analyzes the Arabic texts translated in these compilations and uses them to explain the chronology and the scale of the translation of astrological material from Arabic to Greek. Third, it considers how the Arabic and Greek material is combined within these manuscripts, and what the resulting synthesis says about Middle Byzantine astrology writ large.

AbstractIn Central Asia in the early eleventh century, the Chorasmian scholar Abū Rayḥān al-Bīrūnī recognized that the Arabic works attributed to Hermes Trismegistus were inventions of recent centuries falsely written in the name of the ancient sage of legend. He did, however, accept the existence of a historical Hermes and even attempted to establish his chronology. This article presents al-Bīrūnī’s statements about this and contextualizes his view of the Arabic Hermetica as he derived it from Arabic chronographic sources. Al-Bīrūnī’s argument is compared with the celebrated seventeenth-century European criticism of the Greek Hermetica by Isaac Casaubon. It documents a hitherto unknown but significant event in the reception history of the Hermetica and helps to illustrate al-Bīrūnī’s attitude toward the history of science.

Abstract Jewish Palestinian Aramaic was the language of the Jews of Palestine and is identifiable from around the third or fourth centuries CE until the last centuries of the first millennium, by which time it was completely displaced in speech by Arabic. This article surveys its origins and subsequent stages of development, chronologically from Palestinian Targumic to Palestinian Talmudic to Late Jewish Literary Aramaic. Geonic and post-Geonic scribes were not kind to manuscripts written in Jewish Palestinian Aramaic since they did not know the language and were influenced by the more prestigious Babylonian Aramaic. As a result, they sometimes inserted Aramaic forms they knew from non-Palestinian texts. It is probably these scribes who are responsible for the ‘gemischtem Sprachtypus’ of the late targumim.

AbstractTribal immigration into and out of Libya has been largely unexplored. This study, based on Arabic and Libyan sources, begins to rectify this. It aims to examine the causes that have led tribes to flee the country voluntarily or by force and will follow the hardship of immigrants during the Qaramanh rule (1711-1835) and their establishment in neighbouring countries.Based on the author's own fieldwork and that of others, the methodology focuses on primary Arabic sources including interviews and oral traditions to establish a chronology of tribal movements to Egypt, Tunisia and Chad. Once settled outside Libya, these ex-patriot Libyans were involved in key events in their host countries.

The main purpose of the article is to study the data provided by them and obtain any valuable information, the formation of a chronology of al-Farabi’s works based on the collected data. Based on historical data, we can see how the nature of the behavior of Abu Nasir al-Farabi influenced the formation of a scientist as a person. We can admire his moral qualities, modesty and decency, giving all his energy to the pursuit of knowledge, discarding material wealth. The proof of this is a simple way of life, no matter what scientific legacy he left behind. This article is based on the works of the famous orientalist, professor A. Derbisali Kazhy, who has been conducting research of Arabic handwritten data for many years.

The goal of this study is to demonstrate the significance of the Qur'an as a source of linguistic information about the morphology of the Arabian dialects in the pre-Islamic period. The paper analyze the advantages and disadvantages of various approaches to identifying the dialect layer of the Quranic vocabulary. Among the traditional approaches, we could mention an appeal to the lexicographic works of medieval Arab authors, containing information on the dialect vocabulary in the Qur'an, and the usage of epigraphic sources as comparative material. The study also demonstrates the importance of the chronology of the Quranic text compilation as a potential criterion for identifying vocabulary related to the Meccan and Medinan dialects. This, along with turning to new approaches to studying the morphology of the Arabic language, allows expanding knowledge about the sociolinguistic situation in Arabia in the time of the emergence of Islam.

In has long been known that the chronological scheme commonly transmitted by the early Arabic sources for events of the latter half of the sixth century A.D. poses a number of major problems. These are sufficiently important to raise serious doubts about the reliability of the traditional chronological framework for the last years of the Jāhilīya in general. A key problem is that of the date for 'Ām al-fīl, the ‘Year of the Elephant’, so called after the expedition of Abraha into the Hijāz in that year. The early Arabic literary tradition does not specifically date this event: it simply maintains, first, that Muammad was born in the Year of the Elephant, and second, that he was summoned to act as God's Prophet at the age of forty. Considered together, the many reports to this effect imply―based on the prevailing view that the mab'ath is to be dated to approximately A.D. 610―that both the expedition of Abraha and the birth of Muhammad occurred in about A.D. 570.

La recherche sur la civilisation de l'arabie meridionale preislamique a progresse de maniere considerable ces dernieres annees. En effet, grace aux nouvelles decouvertes archeologiques et epigraphiques, notre connaissance de cette civilisation s'est amelioree : le nombre d'inscriptions a pratiquement double, notamment celui des inscriptions madhabiennes qu'on appelait communement "meneennes" auxquelles cette these est consacree. La chronologie sudarabique a egalement connu de grands changements et plus de certitude grace aux nouvelles prospections et fouilles archeologiques : on date les plus anciennes inscriptions sudarabiques du viiieme siecle av. J. -c. Alors que nous les dations du veme siecle. On date egalement l'apparition du royaume de ma'in du milieu du viieme siecle, au lieu du debut du iveme siecle av. J. -c. Quant aux inscriptions madhabiennes, on possede actuellement 850 dont la moitie est inedite. De nouveaux termes ainsi que des noms propres sont attestes pour la premiere fois, de meme que de nouvelles formes morphologiques et des faits grammaticaux. C'est pourquoi nous avons juge urgent de completer nos instruments de travail, en confectionant le lexique, l repertoire de noms propres et la grammaire madhabienne. Pour ce faire, l'exhaustivite etait une condition prelable : nous avons procede a un depouillement systematique des inscriptions connues de nos jours, completees par les textes inedits. Le lexique nous permet de deceler la specificite du madhabien par rapport aux autres dialectes sudarabiques epigraphiques, a savoir le sabeen, le qatabanite et le hadramawtique. Le repertoire permet de mieux connaitre la morphologie des noms propres, les groupes sociaux : clans-fractions, rois, magistrats, pretres, etc. , les divinites et surtout les toponymes et les noms de constructions attestes dans les inscriptions. Enfin, la grammaire, nous aide a mieux cerner la

The research contained in these papers embodies both results from direct archaeological investigation and also the development of techniques (geophysical, chronological and geoarchaeological) in order to understand long-term settlements and their associated landscapes in Orkney and Shetland. Central to this research has been the study of soil management strategies of arable plots surrounding settlements from the Neolithic to the Iron Age. It is argued that this arable system provides higher yields in marginal locations. The ability to enhance yield in good years and to store surplus can mitigate against shortage. Control and storage of this surplus is seen as one catalyst for the economic power of elite groups over their underlying or ¿client¿ population. The emergence of a social elite in the Iron Age, building brochs and other substantial roundhouses of near broch proportions, is seen as being linked to the control of resources. Evidence at the site of Old Scatness indicated that there was a continuity of wealth and power from the Middle Iron Age through the Pictish period, before the appearance of the Vikings produced a break in the archaeological record. The Viking period saw a break in building traditions, the introduction of new artefacts and changes in farming and fishing strategies. Each of the papers represents a contribution that builds on these themes.

The research contained in these papers embodies both results from direct archaeological investigation and also the development of techniques (geophysical, chronological and geoarchaeological) in order to understand long-term settlements and their associated landscapes in Orkney and Shetland. Central to this research has been the study of soil management strategies of arable plots surrounding settlements from the Neolithic to the Iron Age. It is argued that this arable system provides higher yields in marginal locations. The ability to enhance yield in good years and to store surplus can mitigate against shortage. Control and storage of this surplus is seen as one catalyst for the economic power of elite groups over their underlying or 'client' population. The emergence of a social elite in the Iron Age, building brochs and other substantial roundhouses of near broch proportions, is seen as being linked to the control of resources. Evidence at the site of Old Scatness indicated that there was a continuity of wealth and power from the Middle Iron Age through the Pictish period, before the appearance of the Vikings produced a break in the archaeological record. The Viking period saw a break in building traditions, the introduction of new artefacts and changes in farming and fishing strategies. Each of the papers represents a contribution that builds on these themes.

L'activité volcanique Cénozoïque de la plaque arabique offre l’exemple d’un volcanisme intra-plaque développé dans un contexte géodynamique complexe. Après la construction des trapps basaltiques du plateau yémeno-ethiopien, vers 31 Ma, à partir de l’Oligocène terminal, une importante activité volcanique se développe, liée à la déchirure du bouclier arabo-nubien (l’ouverture de la Mer Rouge) et la convergence des plaques Arabique et Eurasienne (zone de suture du Bitlis-Zagros). Au nord de la plate-forme arabique, le volcanisme syrien s’implante dans un contexte général de compression, autour de la ceinture de plissement des Palmyrides et des zones de déformation adjacentes (graben de l'Euphrate et système de faille de la Mer Morte). Cette thèse porte sur l'évolution volcano-tectonique de la partie nord de la plaque Arabique, en particulier celle de la Syrie, combinant des études géochronologiques, géochimiques et morpho-structurales et modélisation géophysique. Notre analyse morpho-structurale de la province volcaniques de Harrat Ash Shaam (HASV), au sud des Palmyrides, a permis de caractériser numériquement plus de 800 cônes volcaniques monogéniques répartis entre le Sud Syrien, la Jordanie et le Nord de l’Arabie Saoudite. Cette étude de la distribution des cônes volcaniques, jointe aux données existantes sur l’épaisseur de la couverture sédimentaire traversée démontre que la corrélation négative constante entre l’intensité des éruptions volcaniques et la profondeur au socle est, de fait, influencée par le contexte tectonique. L’analyse normative de la distribution des cônes volcaniques, comparée à l'épaisseur des sédiments, est essentielle pour caractériser la tectonique d'extension dans des différentes zones. La télédétection, les observations sur le terrain, et notre base de données de plus de 40 nouvelles datations potassium-argon, entre 50 ka et 18 Ma, nous permettent de préciser l’évolution volcano-tectonique de la Syrie. Cette approche pluri-disciplinaire, appliquée au plateau du Al-Lajat, le champ volcanique le plus récent de HASV, nous a permis, d’abord, de proposer un modèle chronologique pour le processus d'altération en relation aux changements paléoclimatiques du Quaternaire. Elle a surtout permis de reconstituer l'évolution volcano-tectoniques du Nord de la plaque arabique, au cours du Cénozoïque et de situer différents styles d’extension responsables de l’activité volcanique. Le volcanisme commence à la fin de l’Oligocène et au Miocène inférieur, entre ~ 26 Ma et ~ 16 Ma, au sud des Palmyrides, dans la province de HASV, dans un contexte tectonique extensif. Du Miocène au Quaternaire, entre ~ 19 Ma et ~ 0,08 Ma, des champs volcaniques se développe au nord des Palmyrides, conséquence d’extensions tectoniques de second ordre. A partir du milieu du Miocène, la compression augmente et le développement magmatique se poursuit potentiellement dans une ambiance tectonique de rotation antihoraire. Au sud des Palmyrides cela correspond à l’activité volcanique constante au cours des 13 derniers millions d’années. Au nord, cette phase d’activité liée à la tectonique de rotation est concentrée dans l’espace et le temps ; elle correspond au Plateau d’Homs, dans le NW Palmyre, entre 6,3 et 4,3 Ma.Nous proposons un nouveau modèle d'évolution volcano-tectoniques pour la province volcanique de HASV. Il souligne le rôle essentiel joué par l'hétérogénéité de la lithosphère (sous les chaînes du Liban – anti-Liban et la zone de plissement des Palmyrides) dans la formation du volcanisme à partir du milieu du Miocène. Nos modèles géophysiques permettent d’estimer à ~150 km la profondeur moyenne de la limite lithosphère-asthénosphère. A l’analyse des données géochimiques des laves, la zone à l’ouest de HASV où cette limite apparaît moins profonde, à ~ 110 km, s’expliquerait par une anomalie thermique plutôt que par une remontée asthénosphérique. Géochimiquement, les laves Cénozoïques syriennes sont alcalines et sub-alcalines et présentent les caractères de magma émis dans un contexte continental intra-plaque. Ce sont des basanites et des téphrites, des basaltes, des andésites et des trachy-andésites basaltiques et des trachybasaltes. 30 échantillons des différentes provinces volcaniques syriennes montrent une variation significative des signatures des éléments traces incompatibles. Le processus de genèse de ces magmas montre une influence négligeable de la contamination crustale, et un effet de la cristallisation fractionnée limité à l'olivine et au clinopyroxène. Nos résultats montrent que les laves syriennes ont été produites par des taux variables de fusion partielle à partir de niveaux différents dans le manteau lithosphériques présentant localement des hétérogénéités. Le rapport LREE / MREE nous permet de montrer non seulement comment le degré de fusion partielle varie spatialement et temporellement au cours des derniers 18 Ma, mais encore d’illustrer comment varie le degré et le style de la tectonique au cours de cette période. L’une des conséquences de ce contexte tectonique pourrait être la migration d’hydrocarbures vers l’ouest du fait de l’extension crustale au Plio-Quaternaire dans la zone du graben de l’Euphrate à l’Est ; cette migration pourrait être guidée vers une zone de la croûte préalablement fracturée située au NW de la Syrie.En conclusion, le volcanisme cénozoïque de la Syrie résulte d’une tectonique extensive, influencée périodiquement par la convergence arabo-eurasienne, au nord et à l’est, convergence qui provoque des styles tectoniques de rotation ; cette tectonique contrôle la fusion partielle à différents niveaux dans le manteau. Le volcanisme du Nord de la plaque arabique se développe dans le cadre de l’ouverture de la Mer Rouge et débute en même temps que l’activité au sud de la mer Rouge. Il se poursuit jusqu’à la période historique, progressivement amorti vers le nord, l’extension étant contrariée par le cadre compressif à la marge Arabie-Eurasie
The Cainozoic volcanic activity in the Arabian plate offers an excellent opportunity to study the intra-plate volcanism related to a complex tectonic setting. After the emplacement of the Yemeni-Ethiopian continental flood basalt plateau, ~ 31 Ma, since the Late Oligocene, widespread volcanic activity has erupted, accompanying the separation of the Arabian-Nubian Shield (development of Red Sea rifting) and the convergence between the Arabian and Eurasian plates (building of the Bitlis-Zagros thrust belts). In the northern part of the Arabian platform, the Syrian volcanism has taken place in a general compressional context, surrounding the Palmyride fold belt and adjacent to other deformation zones (e.g. the Euphrates graben and Dead Sea fault system). This thesis focuses on the volcano-tectonic evolution of the northern part of the Arabia plate, particularly in Syria, and essentially combines geochronological, geochemical, and morpho-structural studies, in addition to supplementary geophysical models. Our morpho-structural analyses of the Harrat Ash Shaam volcanic province (HASV) to the south of Palmyride, digitally characterise more than 800 monogenic volcanic cones placed in Syria, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia. These new data, together with the availability of sediment thickness data, give rise to a new volcano-tectonic approach. This study shows that the consistent negative correlation between the intensity of volcanism and basement depth is influenced by the tectonic setting. The normative analysis of the distribution of volcanic cones in relation to sediment thicknesses is critical when comparing the extension of tectonics in different zones. Remote sensing imagery, field work and our > 40 new K-Ar ages dataset ranging from ~0.05 million years (Ma) to ~18 Ma allow us to precise the Syria volcano-tectonic evolution through time. Regarding the youngest lava flows of HASV, the integration of the results makes it possible to suggest a chronological model for the alteration processes in relation to Quaternary palaeoclimatic changes. We reconstruct the volcano-tectonic evolution in Syria during the Cainozoic, and suggest different extension styles to explain the volcanism. It started during the Late Oligocene and the Early Miocene, between ~26 Ma and ~16 Ma to the South of Palmyride at HASV in an extensional tectonic context. From the Miocene to the Quaternary, between ~19 Ma and ~0.08 Ma, the volcanism developed to the North under second order extension tectonic conditions. Since the Mid-Miocene, the compression has increased and the magma erupted in relation with a possible counter-clockwise rotation tectonic relative motion. South of Palmyride it corresponds to the widespread eruptive phase during the last 13 Ma. To the North, this phase, linked to rotational tectonics appears concentrated in superficies and time; it corresponds to the Homs plateau, NW Palmyride, between 6.3 and 4.3 Ma. We suggest a new volcano-tectonic evolution model for the HASV. It highlights the essential role of lithosphere heterogeneity beneath Lebanon, in particular the anti Lebanon Mountains and Palmyride thrust belts, in triggering the Mid-Miocene volcanism. Our geophysical models estimate mean lithosphere – asthenosphere boundaries at about 150 km depth. According to geochemical data, the zone of shallowest depth ~110 km, W of HASV, could be the result of a thermal anomaly, instead of an asthenospheric upwelling. Geochemically, the Cainozoic Syrian lavas are alkaline and subalkaline rocks, typical of magma emitted in continental intraplate contexts. They are basanites and tephrites, basalts, basaltic andesites, basaltic trachyandesites, and trachybasalts. Thirty samples from different Syrian volcanic provinces show significant variation in terms of incompatible trace element signatures. Crustal contamination plays a negligible role in the process of magma genesis, as does crystal fractionation, essentially restricted to olivine and clinopyroxene. Our results show that the Syrian lava has been generated by variable rates of partial melting from different levels of a locally heterogeneous lithospheric mantle. The LREE/MREE ratio not only illustrates how the degree of partial melting was changed spatially and temporally during the last ~18 Ma, but it also illustrates how the degree and style of extension tectonics changed through time

AbstractWhile following a broad chronology divided between Italy in the liberal era and later under the fascist regime, this chapter attempts to present an overview of Italian cultural activities and their various purposes and development. During the liberal era, Italian cultural policies were for the most part designed to target the needs of Italian communities. While the early phase of fascist rule was essentially a continuation of the previous regime, the 1930s marked a major shift in the understanding and promotion of cultural policies in the Middle East, especially in Palestine. This chapter will show how the fascist regime inconsistently supported both the Arabs and the Zionists in its quest to challenge the British.

This chapter elucidates the overarching structure of Tatian’s Diatessaron. The four separate Gospels differ among themselves in countless ways. To narrate Jesus’s ministry, Tatian incorporated all the Jewish festivals from the Gospel of John, but he rearranged the order of the feasts and the events surrounding them. Tatian’s narrative chronology has gone unrecognized in previous scholarship, because Ephrem’s commentary—albeit a key witness to the Diatessaron—suppressed most of the references to Jewish feasts. Besides the Diatessaron’s innovative chronology, Tatian often grouped characters and episodes thematically when rearranging the contents of the fourfold gospel. The Arabic harmony is the single best witness to the Diatessaron’s narrative sequence.

The publication of the Samaria papyrus discovered in a Wadi ed-Daliyeh cave north of Jericho and the knowledge of the Samaria coinage help to fix the chronology of the Samaria governors from the second half of the 5th century BCE till Alexander. They reveal the practice of slavery as well as a mostly yahwist population, if one can judge from their personal names and the building of a temple on Mount Garizim. At the same time, they indicate some strong foreign (Aramaean, Phoenician, Babylonian, Persian, Idumaean, North-Arab and Greek) influence. The administration of the Judean province receives now some light from a few ostraca and from numerous seal-impressions as well as the 4th century BCE coinage. These short inscriptions allow us to precise the limited extent of the province while Elephantine papyrus help to fix the chronology of its governors and high priests. Southern Cisjordan was first part of the North-Arab kingdom of Kedar and became an Achaemenid province called ‘Idumaea’ only at the beginning of the 4th century BCE. About 2000 Aramaic ostraca reveal, for this last century, a well organized administration as well as a mixed population with Edomite, North-Arabic, Aramaean, Hebrew and Phoenician names.

This chapter examines how our current number system reached Europe. There is a dispute over whether or not the person most responsible for introducing Hindu-Arabic numerals to Europe was Leonardo Pisano Bigollo, also known as Leonardo Fibonacci. One of the great mathematicians of his time, Fibonacci gained fame for the problem of how rabbits multiply. As a young man, Fibonacci traveled with his father around the Mediterranean, meeting priests, scholars, and merchants in Egypt, Syria, Greece, and Provence. He learned the number systems used in trade. In 1202, he wrote Liber abbaci (Book of the Calculations), a book about how to calculate without an abacus. The chapter also considers the Ta'rikh al-hukama (Chronology of the Scholars), a mid-thirteenth-century book written by Ibn al-Qifti that tells the story of how the Indian numbers came to the Arabs.

This chapter discusses Article 37 of the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, covering the chronology of draft texts, analysis of Working Group discussions, and issues of interpretation. According to Article 37, the Optional Protocol is translated into all official UN languages and it explicitly refers to the fact that all translations are equally authentic. Specifically, the article states that:‘The present Protocol, of which the Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanis, texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited with the Secretary-General of the United Nations. The Secretary-General of the United Nations shall transmit certified copies of the present Protocol to all States’.

New contributions on the chronology of the preserved remains of the medieval city walls of Almeria (Spain)The medieval city walls of Almeria have abundant references in Arabic sources and numerous preserved remains, either in all its elevation, or as small archaeological remains on the current slope and even under the ground. This circumstance has given rise to a lot of scientific literature on the chronology of each of the different existing precincts: Alcazaba, Medina, suburbs and outer enclosure. The problem lies in the fact that, since its foundation in the tenth century until the conquest by the Catholic Monarchs in 1489 and its reuse until the mid-nineteenth century, the medieval walls have undergone various repairs, extensions and reconstructions. In order to provide greater chronological precision, from the School of Arab Studies (CSIC), a Project of the State Research Plan was requested, which was granted with reference HAR2015-71609-P. It has allowed to make radiocarbon dating of wood and other building materials of the walls, in combination with studies of construction, metrological, historical techniques and restorations carried out since the mid-twentieth century. All this has allowed us to contribute new hypotheses about the chronology of the preserved remains, many of which are much more recent than the foundational walls that they have replaced.

В статье представлены результаты раскопок 2018 гг., продолжающих исследования памятника, начатые в 1980-х гг., важнейшими из которых можно считать уточнение хронологии начального периода существования княжеского двора, на периферии которого было заложено 25 раскопов, и подтверждение предположений о распространении ареала культурного слоя финно-угорского поселения VII-X вв. с террас левого берега Волги в западной части плато вдоль устья оврага, впадающего в Шелковку. Восточная часть плато за время существования этого поселения, как установили исследования предыдущих сезонов, подвергалась интенсивной вспашке («ближняя пашня»), а перед мысом, отделяющим устье Волги от Каменного Потока, в X в. находилось языческое святилище. The article presents the results of excavations 2018, continuing research of the monument began in the 1980s, the Most important results of these studies can be considered a refinement of the chronology of the initial period of the existence of a princely court, on the periphery of which was a 25 excavation and confirmation of the assumptions about the distribution of the area of the cultural layer of the Finno-Ugric settlement of the VII-X centuries from the terraces of the left Bank of the Volga river in the Western part of the plateau along the mouth of the ravine, which flows into Shelkovka. The Eastern part of the plateau during the existence of this settlement, as established by the investigations of previous seasons, was subjected to intensive ploughing (“near arable land”), and before the promontory separating from the Volga mouth of Stone Creek, in the X century there was a pagan sanctuary.