Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Approches centrées sur la personne"
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Erkes, Jérôme. "Des approches centrées sur la personne à la méthode Montessori adaptée aux personnes âgées : Contributions à repenser l’accompagnement des troubles cognitifs dans le vieillissement". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023MON30044.
Texto completo da fonteProviding care for elderly people with dementia represents a considerable challenge for our societies, to which current models of dementia partially struggle to respond. For many years, person-centered care has advocated for a prioritized refocusing of caregiving for persons with dementia on their psycho-social needs and their personhood, regardless of cognitive deficits and disabilities.Implementing its principles into concrete clinical practices has been associated with beneficial effects for persons with dementia and their caregivers. However, person-centered care remains underdeveloped as comprehensive caregiving models, partially due to a lack of suitable tools. The Montessori method adapted for the elderly has been gaining popularity worldwide, particularly in France, as a comprehensive person-centered model of care. The objective of this thesis is to provide theoretical contributions, as well as valid and applicable tools to facilitate the implementation of such approach.In our first study, we conducted a literature review of the Montessori method to outline its development as a person-centered approach and to clearly define its core principles. In our second study, we conducted a literature review focusing on its impacts on caring for persons with dementia. This review highlighted positive effects on engagement, emotions, psychological and behavioral manifestations, independence, and caregiver experiences. It also highlighted the need for additional studies based on more rigorous methodologies and evaluating its effects within the French cultural context.In our third study, we assessed the psychometric properties of an assessment tool of preserved capabilities in individuals with severe dementia: the Montessori Assessment System (MAS). Our results demonstrated entirely satisfactory psychometric qualities of MAS. It holds significant potential to contribute to the construction of person-centered care plans. In our fourth study, we evaluated the impact of behavioral manifestations on the administration and outcomes of MAS. Our findings revealed a high number of behavioral manifestations within the studied population. The presence of hallucinations and euphoria was associated with a slightly extended administration time. Conversely, the presence of hallucinations and aberrant motor behaviors was linked to significantly lower MAS total scores. However, behavioral manifestations did not hinder the complete administration of MAS.Lastly, in our fifth study, we translated a tool assessing the implementation of person-centered care in institutions: the Person-Centered Assessment Tool (P-CAT) and conducted a psychometric validation study about it. Our results indicated satisfactory psychometric qualities of the French version of P-CAT, along with a factorial structure organized into three factors: Organizational and Environmental Support, Care Planning, and Adaptation to the Resident. The French version of P-CAT can be employed within research projects or for monitoring the implementation of person-centered care approaches in institutions for elderly people.Collectively, the findings of this thesis suggest that implementation of a person-centered approach, such as the Montessori method, is feasible in caring for persons with dementia. Such approach is yielding potentially significant benefits. Furthermore, our results offer tools aimed at contributing to the implementation of person-centered care within the French context
Youssef, Badre. "Approches statistiques pour les communications centrées sur l'utilisateur". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023IPPAT049.
Texto completo da fonteWireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) have been studied for over twenty years. This type of communication is based on radio links between several terminals close to the human body. There are 3 main types of link, depending on antenna positioning (i.e. in-on, on-on and on-off). Their specific features are, on the one hand, the impact of the human body on the propagation channel - a powerful electromagnetic disturbance that causes significant attenuation and particular propagation mechanisms - and, on the other hand, the number of sources of variability, which is very high: the subject, the nature of the radio link, the antennas, the frequency and the nearby environment. All this explains the complexity of this type of channel and the difficulty of modeling it in a generic way.To the best of our knowledge, the work carried out to date has produced models based mostly on a rather classical distance approach, which has the advantage of a physical explanation, or a scenario-based approach, which provides an “applications” orientation. Some sources, such as the environment and morphology, are insufficiently studied from our point of view, both qualitatively and quantitatively, even though their influence is often significant and sometimes important depending on the radio link.The main aim of this thesis is therefore to propose parametric-statistical models for various observables (path loss and delay spread), for these sources of variability, taking into account a larger statistical sample than has been done to date in the context of scenario based approach (describing on-on links). This is how we set up a methodology combining the definition of an experimental design, a sufficient database derived from simulations and experimental measurements to provide reference data. The experimental approach quickly becomes unrealistic when the diversity of possible situations has to be considered, as combinatorics is explosive. It should be stressed that in publications based on measurements, the models obtained are specific to the environment under consideration, which is not the aim of our approach.For the environment, we have developed a simplified Ray Tracing code (considering only specular reflections, which are most often the dominant contribution for the environment) allowing the study of any empty parallelepiped environment and type of radio link. Knowing that rooms size has an influence, our objective is to determine whether quantitatively this effect is significant or of 2nd order, and possibly under what conditions. The environments are “categorized” and their input parameters (dimensions and wall characteristics) are filled in an experimental design “constructed” from information in the specialized literature. The Latin hypercube method, considered simple and more efficient than the Monte Carlo method, was used to sample the stochastic space. Any dependencies between input variables are dealt with using copulas.For morphological variability, we also adopted a simulation approach using CST Studio Suite®. We made the simplifying assumption of considering homogeneous phantoms. This “reasonable” approach makes it “easy” to obtain significant anthropometric variability from image synthesis software. Subject variability was considered by means of two anthropometric criteria: Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference, using representative data and statistical studies.For these two variabilities and the observables studied, the fit of the parametric-statistical models obtained by multilinear regression was satisfactory to very satisfactory, depending on the radio link considered. They are of moderate complexity and defined by a limited number of parameters
Crasnier, Françoise. "L'Approche Centrée sur la Personne en situation de handicap mental". Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00828663.
Texto completo da fonteBernadet, Sabrina. "Consommation de substances psychoactives et comportements antisociaux à l’adolescence : étude psychopathologique multi-échantillons, approche centrée sur la personne et facteurs de vulnérabilité". Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR21977/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis work aims to study, among adolescents, the psychopathological and psychological mechanisms involved in the co-occurrence of antisocial behaviors and psychoactive substance use and in the “pathologizing” of psychoactive substance use through a person-centered and a variable-centered approach and based on a multi-sample plan. This research focus on: 1) 1 025 middle and high school students aged between 12 to 16 years old, 2) 168 inpatients and outpatients adolescents aged between 12 to 18 years old, and 3) 43 psychoactive substance abusers/dependent adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years. A multi-source assessment (adolescents, parents, teachers) was used to collect information about adolescents’ antisocial behaviors, psychoactive substance use, risk-taking behaviors, past and present externalized and internalized disorders and symptoms, personality, perceived stress and coping strategies. The results show that adolescents are most likely to associate antisocial behaviors and psychoactive substances use and to have a risky psychoactive substance use when they present both relational problems (low cooperation, oppositional defiant disorder, low transcendence), emotional difficulties (depressive symptoms, internalizing disorder, intolerance to frustration, perceived stress in school and in relationships with parents, dysfunctional coping strategies) and behavioral dysregulation (high novelty seeking, ADHD/ODD comorbidity). Mechanisms involved in the pathologizing of psychoactive substance use are similar to the adoption of risky psychoactive substance use. Nevertheless, the risk of pathologizing is all the more important when emotional and relational problems are temperamental expression (low social reward dependence). In terms of prevention of risky psychoactive substance use in adolescence and of its pathologizing, it seems important to distinguish between these different levels of vulnerability (psychopathological, psychological, temperamental, adaptative)
Ghorayeb, Abir. "Écovip, espace de communication visiophonique pour personnes agées : conception, réalisation et évaluation participatives". Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10164.
Texto completo da fonteThe multi-disciplinary work of this thesis results in its contributing to two research domains: Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) and Gerontechnology, a new domain created to increase the assistive systems development for elderly people. Our works contribute, mainly, to the participative design and the ergonomic realization of interactive systems for elderly people having a successful ageing. In the requirements analysis phase, we introduce a new definition of frailty, and an identification of capacities and limitations of the elderly people. The analysis of the existed assistive systems shows the need of a communication system that offers safety for this type of population. In this context, we have designed and developed two prototypes: ECOVIP and SYSPA. ECOVIP is an aware communication system that completes the "smart home" of the TIMC-IMAG laboratory, and it represents the main part of the thesis. SYSPA is a remembrance system; it helps to recollect memories via commented digital photos. However we present advantages, limits and corrective actions of our approach. We also elaborate ergonomic directives for usable interactive systems by elderly people. We report the results of two series of user experimentations performed with the ECOVIP system
Etchepare, Aurore. "Cognition sociale et Schizophrénie : une approche centrée sur la personne à l’aide du Protocole d’Evaluation de la Cognition Sociale de Bordeaux (PECS-B)". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0922/document.
Texto completo da fonteSocial cognition has received a growing interest in clinical neuropsychology. This popularity can be explained by the transdiagnostic and negative outcome of social cognition disorders. However, this construct faces many difficulties, conceptual as well as methodological. Thus, concerning schizophrenia, data from the international literature is inconsistent. We hypothesize that these contradictions may be underpinned by: 1) a lack of consideration for the multidimensionality of social cognition, and 2) interindividual heterogeneity of functioning. The overall goal of this thesis was to explore and compare the social cognition functioning profiles in the general population with those for schizophrenia. To do this, a first step was devoted to a systematic review of studies that explored the factor structure of social cognition in clinical neuropsychology (Article 1). This review allowed the proposition of a two-dimensional model of social cognition, in which low and high-level processes cross affective and cognitive ones. A second step was to provide additional validation elements to the PECS-B, a social cognition assessment battery with seven tasks assessing five dimensions (Article 2). The results reported satisfactory psychometric qualities in the general population (N = 131) as well as in schizophrenia (N = 101). Finally, the third step was to carry out cluster analyses to explore interindividual heterogeneity in these same populations (Article 3). Three different profiles in the general population sample were highlighted, of which two were characterized by specific weaknesses. In contrast, the three profiles in the schizophrenia sample were characterized by three levels of social cognition functioning: good (similar to controls), medium and low. The last two levels were also characterized by alexithymic or neurocognitive difficulties. From an evidence-based practice perspective, these findings have important implications for both the assessment and the direction of therapeutic interventions
Picarou, Émilie. "Le rôle du coordonnateur Planetree dans le transfert du modèle Planetree au sein de son établissement : une étude exploratoire menée auprès de cinq établissements de santé et de services sociaux du Québec". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6985.
Texto completo da fonteBongard, Vanina. "Etude du risque cardiovasculaire en population générale française selon différentes approches descriptives et analytiques centrées sur le comportement alimentaire, le traitement hormonal substitutif de la ménopause et les nouveaux marqueurs de risque". Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30042.
Texto completo da fonteLê, Thi Thu Hang. "Exploration des facteurs relationnels propres aux médecins qui influencent sur la prise en charge du patient douloureux chronique". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10640.
Texto completo da fonteAbstract : Background: Chronic pain is difficult, both for the patient and the caregiver. Even though many studies and researches have been conducted (mostly with patients), chronic pain remains. It is suggested that a person-centered approach is the best way to help these patients. However, little is known about how physicians adapt their practice to their powerlessness when faced with chronic pain patient. Which strategies are to be used when the pharmacopoeia is insufficient? Though it is known that religious and spiritual commitments may allow patients to give meaning to their pain, little is known about how physicians deal with these commitments. Purpose: This study explores the factors influencing how physicians take charge of chronic pain patients to understand how their identity, their spirituality and their relationship shape their care approach. Methods: Within a qualitative research design in grounded theory, the conceptual framework developed is based on the two key concepts: the narrative identity by Ricœur and the concept of time by Tillich. Participants were recruited using a convenience sampling. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with seven physicians in various specialties dealing with the difficulties of chronic pain management. Four of them were interviewed a second time to further investigate the subjet, until data saturation. The transcripts were analyzed by Strauss and Corbin’s method of codification. Results: If the time factor was theoretically known from the literature on chronic pain, continuous and simultaneous data collecting and analyzing has brought its emergence as concept (axial coding), revealing thereby its implicit crucial importance within the therapeutic relationship. Our approach, inspired from both theological and philosophical anthropology‘s frames, have allowed us to identify “recognition” as an emerging process to explain the flow scheme of the physician’s professional and personal identity when faced with chronic pain. Although not researched explicitly, mutual recognition between patient and physician is a source of motivation to improve the quality of the relationship. The process of recognition to mutual re-co-birth (“re-co-naissance” in French) is proposed here as an explanatory framework for the development of the physician’s identity in the clinical context of chronic pain patient care. The French word “reconnaissance” (recognition) thus can be broken down into “re-co-naissance” (re-co-birth), the co-rebirth of a relationship to define oneself anew as a therapist and to not experience failure. Conclusions: The new acquired confidence and competence between physician and the patient, in addition to actual professional skills, enables the concerned physician not only to enrich his knowledge but also to make progress in time, along with his chronic pain patients, moving from professional identity to spiritual recognition and to a dynamic relationship of mutal re-birth and re-acknowledge (“re-co-naissance”), so that he no longer experiences medical failure. Various perspectives for clinicians and caregivers will be further discussed.
Ghorayeb, Abir. "ECOVIP : ESPACE DE COMMUNICATION VISIOPHONIQUE POUR PERSONNES AGEES - CONCEPTION, REALISATION ET EVALUATION PARTICIPATIVES". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00196957.
Texto completo da fonteMarchand, Bertrand. "L'accompagnement spirituel dans l'action sociale : enquête menée au sein d'associations protestantes intervenant auprès de personnes en situation d'exclusion". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAK004/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis in pratical theology considers the spiritual dimension of socially-excluded personswho benefit from protestant associations engaged in social action. The research isbased on interviews conducted among about thirty associations in metropolitan France. Itproposes a person-centered, non-confessionnal model of spiritual care adapted to the fieldof social action, and led by a team of caregivers. This non-confessionnal support is particularlyrelevant within protestant associations, considering the vocation of the Church tostand ‘alongside’ people in their vulnerability. It departs from traditional pastoral counselingand from social assistance. The model provides ways of facilitating the emergenceof a spirituality among people in situations of social exclusion, and tackles the training ofspiritual caregivers
Giroux, Marie-Claude. "Le transfert d’une approche de gestion, de soins et de services centrée sur la personne au sein de cinq établissements de santé et de services sociaux québécois : le rôle de l’équipe de professionnels du Réseau Planetree Québec". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/165.
Texto completo da fonteMorizot, Julien. "Le développement de la personnalité de l'homme de l'adolescence au milieu de la vie : approches centrées sur les variables et sur les personnes". Thèse, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6725.
Texto completo da fonteArchambault, Isabelle. "Continuité et discontinuité dans le développement de l'engagement scolaire chez les élèves du secondaire : une approche centrée sur la personne pour prédire le décrochage". Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/17034.
Texto completo da fonteGazerani, Farzin. "L’enseignement centré sur la forme et l’apprentissage du vocabulaire en français langue seconde". Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19255.
Texto completo da fonteDans cette thèse, l’auteur s’est penché sur la question de l’apprentissage/enseignement du vocabulaire en français langue seconde (L2). Depuis plusieurs années, la recherche en L2 fait face à une question essentielle : celle de l’efficacité de différentes approches d’enseignement lexical afin de favoriser l’apprentissage des mots. Certains chercheurs (par ex. Krashen, 1982, 1989) considèrent que l’apprentissage du vocabulaire en L2, tout comme celui des aspects morphosyntaxiques, se produit uniquement de façon incidente pendant l’exposition aux différents échantillons de la langue (c.-à-d., l’intrant) et à travers des activités centrées sur le sens communicatif telles que la lecture de textes. D’autres (par ex. Laufer, 2005, 2006) préconisent une approche plus explicite de l’enseignement du vocabulaire, centrée sur les aspects formels des éléments lexicaux (form-focused instruction). Cette question n’a pas fait l’objet d’une recherche exhaustive, surtout en ce qui concerne les modalités de l’enseignement centré sur la forme (FFI) et le moment approprié (le FFI intégré vs le FFI isolé) pour le fournir, d’où l’importance de cette recherche. Trois études expérimentales ont été effectuées afin d’examiner l’efficacité de différentes approches d’enseignement du vocabulaire en français. Quarante-deux apprenants de français L2 ont participé à deux études de cas multiples (n = 9 et n = 10) et à une étude quasi-expérimentale (n = 23). Les deux premières études ont servi de pilotes pour l’élaboration de la méthodologie de la troisième étude. L'intervention expérimentale (quatre périodes de 45 minutes chacune) ciblant 36 mots a été réalisée à travers trois conditions expérimentales (FFI intégré, FFI isolé et répétition) et une condition de contrôle (apprentissage incident via la lecture). Chacun des participants a bénéficié de toutes les conditions. En d’autres termes, parmi les mots ciblés, certains devaient être appris incidemment, certains à travers une exposition répétée et certains ont été enseignés par le FFI intégré et le FFI isolé. Des tâches lexicales ont été administrées avant et deux fois après l'intervention. Les résultats indiquent les avantages du FFI en comparaison avec l'apprentissage incident et la répétition sans aucune différence significative entre le FFI isolé et le FFI intégré. La conclusion de cette thèse met l’emphase sur l’importance du FFI afin d’améliorer l’apprentissage du vocabulaire, tout en précisant le caractère indispensable des activités de récupération pour diminuer la perte de l’apprentissage produit.
In this thesis, the author examined the question of vocabulary learning/teaching in French as a second language (L2). L2 research has been interested in the effects of different approaches of lexical instruction on vocabulary learning. Some researchers (e.g. Krashen, 1982, 1989) contend that L2 learning, vocabulary and morphosyntax, occurs incidentally through the exposure to comprehensible input and through meaning-based activities such as reading. Others (e.g. Laufer, 2005, 2006) advocate a more explicit approach to vocabulary teaching, focused on the form of lexical elements. The effects of lexical form-focused instruction (FFI) have not been thoroughly investigated, particularly its different modalities and timing (integrated FFI vs isolated FFI), hence the relevance of this research. Three experimental studies were conducted to examine the effectiveness of different vocabulary teaching approaches in French as an L2. Forty-two L2 French learners participated in two multiple case studies (n = 9 and n = 10) and a quasi-experimental study (n = 23). Among other things, the first two studies were designed to serve as pilots for the methodological design of the third study. The experimental intervention (four periods of 45 minutes each) targeting 36 words was carried out through three experimental conditions (integrated FFI, isolated FFI and repetition) and a control condition (incidental learning through reading). Each participant benefited from all the conditions. In other words, among the targeted words, some had to be learned incidentally, some through repeated exposure and some were taught by the integrated FFI and the isolated FFI. Lexical tasks were administered before intervention started and twice after it ended (immediate posttest and delayed posttest). Results indicate the advantages of FFI compared to incidental learning and repetition. However, there is no significant differences between the isolated FFI and the integrated FFI. The conclusion of this thesis emphasizes the importance of FFI in order to improve the vocabulary learning, while specifying the necessity of the retrieval activities to reduce learning loss.