Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "Approche écosystémique – Modèles mathématiques"
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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "Approche écosystémique – Modèles mathématiques":
Bournet, P. E., D. Dartus, B. Tassin e B. Vincon-Leite. "Ondes internes du lac du Bourget: analyse des observations par des modèles linéaires". Revue des sciences de l'eau 9, n.º 2 (12 de abril de 2005): 247–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705252ar.
Banton, O., S. Jordana e M. Larocque. "Simplification rationnelle des outils hydrologiques de gestion : recommandations méthodologiques pour la construction de modèles semi-empiriques à origine mécaniste". Revue des sciences de l'eau 9, n.º 2 (12 de abril de 2005): 147–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705246ar.
Baulaz, Yoann, Jean-Marcel Dorioz e Véronique Peyrache-Gadeau. "Exploration fonctionnelle du territoire des grands lacs alpins par le prisme des services écosystémiques". Collection EDYTEM. Cahiers de géographie 21, n.º 1 (2021): 103–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/edyte.2021.1450.
Duchemin, Marc, Marius Lachance, Guy Morin e Robert Lagacé. "Approche géomatique pour simuler l'érosion hydrique et le transport des sédiments à l'échelle des petits bassins versants". Water Quality Research Journal 36, n.º 3 (1 de agosto de 2001): 435–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2001.026.
Banton, O., P. Lafrance e J. P. Villeneuve. "Délimitation des périmètres de protection des puits de pompage en zone agricole à l'aide de la simulation mathématique". Revue des sciences de l'eau 5, n.º 2 (12 de abril de 2005): 211–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705129ar.
Pelletier, Émilien, e Peter G. C. Campbell. "L’écotoxicologie aquatique - comparaison entre les micropolluants organiques et les métaux : constats actuels et défis pour l’avenir". Revue des sciences de l'eau 21, n.º 2 (22 de julho de 2008): 173–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/018465ar.
Tidjani, A. E. B., D. Yebdri, J. C. Roth e Z. Derriche. "Exploration des séries chronologiques d’analyse de la qualité des eaux de surface dans le bassin de la Tafna (Algérie)". Revue des sciences de l'eau 19, n.º 4 (17 de janeiro de 2007): 315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/014418ar.
Achite, M., e M. Meddi. "Variabilité spatio-temporelle des apports liquide et solide en zone semi-aride. Cas du bassin versant de l'oued Mina (nord-ouest algérien)". Revue des sciences de l'eau 18 (12 de abril de 2005): 37–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/705575ar.
CHIRA, Rodica-Gabriela. "Sophie Hébert-Loizelet and Élise Ouvrard. (Eds.) Les carnets aujourd’hui. Outils d’apprentissage et objets de recherche. Presses universitaires de Caen, 2019. Pp. 212. ISBN 979-2-84133-935-8". Journal of Linguistic and Intercultural Education 13 (1 de dezembro de 2020): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.29302/jolie.2020.13.12.
Semaoui, Smail, Amar Hadj Arab e Seddik Bacha. "Application des modèles mathématiques pour l’optimisation de l’énergie dans un système PV". Revue Africaine de la Recherche en Informatique et Mathématiques Appliquées Volume 30 - 2019 - MADEV... (8 de junho de 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.46298/arima.4378.
Teses / dissertações sobre o assunto "Approche écosystémique – Modèles mathématiques":
Dinaharison, Jean Bienvenue. "Conception d’une approche spatialisée à base d’agent pour coupler les modèles mathématiques et informatiques : application à la modélisation du processus écosystémique du sol". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS184.
Soil is a highly heterogeneous environment in which many processes interact to provide ecosystem services. Model coupling approaches propose to define such system by using a modular architecture in which various processes, represented by models, communicate to reproduce different aspects of a phenomenon such as soil functioning. In this thesis project, we develop such an approach for the purpose of modelling soil functioning. The challenges of such a scheme lie in solving representation problems of soil processes. These representation problems originate from the fact that models from various disciplines are reused to describe the processes. By representations problems, we mean model description which can be (individual or equation based), the temporal execution settings and data resolution. These coupling constraints are addressed by a number of approaches in the literature. All of them propose satisfactory solutions to these constraints in their respective application fields. In our approach, we use the agent paradigm to encapsulate the various soil processes. Then processes will communicate through the space by using resources inside it. The behaviour of the processes then depends on the availability of resources. A coordination problem can arise from this type of coupling, as processes may consume the resource simultaneously while the resource may not support this demand. To overcome that matter, we use an action-theoretic technique called Influence-Reaction to define strategies to manage this type of situation. We used algorithms suggested by the abbundant litterature to manage any processes temporality issues. This coupling approach was applied to a model of organic matter decomposition in which several processes (earthworms, microbes and roots) compete for soil ressources. The results suggest that the use of our approach is suitable for modelling soil functioning, but also gives more accurate indications of resource availability
Moullec, Fabien. "Impacts du changement global sur la biodiversité en mer Méditerranée : une approche par modélisation End-to-End". Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG015/document.
Under the combined effects of overexploitation of marine resources and climate change the Mediterranean Sea is gradually becoming a hotspot of global change. Despite a large number of models developed locally or regionally in the Mediterranean Sea, no previous studies have addressed changes in species assemblages at the basin scale with an integrated ecosystem modelling from physics to predators and explicitly representing the multi-species, spatial, and trophic dimensions. This thesis work presents a threefold challenge: (i) implementing such a model of the species richness in the Mediterranean Sea based on life history traits and representing the entire life cycle of interacting species; (ii) projecting the consequences of physical and biogeochemical changes induced by climate change on the spatial distribution of species and on the structure and trophic functioning of the Mediterranean ecosystem; (iii) exploring fisheries management scenarios aiming at rebuilding some stocks of commercial interest in a climate change context. To address these challenges, an end-to-end model, OSMOSE-MED, based on the coupling of a high trophic level OSMOSE model with NEMOMED12 and ECO3M-S physical and biogeochemical models, has been developed. With 100 modelled species, representing nearly 95% of the catches made in the Mediterranean Sea, it is the first trophic model of this type to integrate such a large diversity of species, on such a large spatial scale (the Mediterranean Sea as a whole) and at fine resolution (20x20 km²). According to the greenhouse gas emissions scenario RCP8.5, projections made with the OSMOSE-MED model show an overall increase in biomass and catches of 22% and 7% respectively by the end of the century. However, these increases mask large geographical disparities. The eastern basin is characterized by an overall increase in biomass associated with exotic species. With regard to catches, the model projects increase in the eastern basin and a significant decrease in the western part. A change in the species composition of catches could appear during the 21st century with winner (e.g. anchovy) and loser (e.g. hake) species. Winner species would mainly belong to the small pelagics group, are thermophilic and/or exotic, of smaller sizes and of low trophic level while loser species are generally large-sized, some of them of great commercial interest, and could suffer from a spatial mismatch with potential prey subsequent to a contraction or shift of their geographic range. Fisheries management scenario projections highlight the benefits of greater selectivity or reduced fishing mortality for the recovery of certain stocks of commercial interest, particularly among organisms belonging to the demersal, benthic and large pelagic groups. A reduction in fishing mortality could also reverse the projected decline in biomass and total catches in the Western Mediterranean
Bieupoude, Guélaih Pascal. "Approche constructale pour l’optimisation de réseaux hydrauliques". Perpignan, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PERP1279.
The optimization of water distribution network involves the three sensible following questions: water quality management, pumping energy and the investment cost. The geometry of the distribution network and the laws that distribute pipes diameters and pipes lengths influence strongly the effectiveness of such systems. In this thesis, an original approach relating quality to quantity and based on the geometric, multi-scale and multi-criteria optimization called constructal design was used to optimize these systems. It permitted to demonstrate that there are some optimal water network configurations that minimize the total head losses and by the same moment have better operating residence time. This is an added value as far as energy saving and optimal water quality management are concerned. A comparison with former methods enabled to reinforce the effectiveness of results developed in the present work
Oliveros, Ramos David Ricardo. "Modélisation "end-to-end" pour une approche écosystémique des pêches dans le Nord courant de Humboldt". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20220.
This work represents an original contribution to the methodology for ecosystem models' development as well as the first attempt of an end-to-end (E2E) model for the Northern Humboldt Current Ecosystem (NHCE). The main purpose of the developed model is to build a tool for ecosystem-based management and decision making, reason why the credibility of the model is essential, and this can be assessed through confrontation to data. Additionally, the NHCE exhibits a high climatic and oceanographic variability at several scales, the major source of interannual variability being the interruption of the upwelling seasonality by the El Nino Southern Oscillation, which has direct effects on larval survival and fish recruitment success. Fishing activity can also be highly variable, depending on the abundance and accessibility of the main fishery resources. This context brings the two main methodological questions addressed in this thesis, through the development of an end-to-end model coupling the high trophic level model OSMOSE to the hydrodynamics and biogeochemical model ROMS-PISCES: i) how to calibrate ecosystem models using time series data and ii) how to incorporate the impact of the interannual variability of the environment and fishing.First, this thesis highlights some issues related to the confrontation of complex ecosystem models to data and proposes a methodology for a sequential multi-phases calibration of ecosystem models. We propose two criteria to classify the parameters of a model: the model dependency and the time variability of the parameters. Then, these criteria along with the availability of approximate initial estimates are used as decision rules to determine which parameters need to be estimated, and their precedence order in the sequential calibration process. Additionally, a new Evolutionary Algorithm designed for the calibration of stochastic models (e.g Individual Based Model) and optimized for maximum likelihood estimation has been developed and applied to the calibration of the OSMOSE model to data time series.The environmental variability is explicit in the model: the ROMS-PISCES model forces the OSMOSE model and drives potential bottom-up effects up the foodweb through plankton and fish trophic interactions, as well as through changes in the spatial distribution of fish. The latter effect was taken into account using presence/absence species distribution models which are traditionally assessed through a confusion matrix and the statistical metrics associated to it. However, when considering the prediction of the habitat against time, the variability in the spatial distribution of the habitat can be summarized and validated using the emerging patterns from the shape of the spatial distributions. We modeled the potential habitat of the main species of the Humboldt Current Ecosystem using several sources of information (fisheries, scientific surveys and satellite monitoring of vessels) jointly with environmental data from remote sensing and in situ observations, from 1992 to 2008. The potential habitat was predicted over the study period with monthly resolution, and the model was validated using quantitative and qualitative information of the system using a pattern oriented approach.The final ROMS-PISCES-OSMOSE E2E ecosystem model for the NHCE was calibrated using our evolutionary algorithm and a likelihood approach to fit monthly time series data of landings, abundance indices and catch at length distributions from 1992 to 2008. To conclude, some applications of the model for fishery management are presented and their limitations and perspectives discussed
Luginbühl, Thibault. "Régularisation de surface 3D par une approche fondée sur un modèle". Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066032.
In this thesis we present a system to generate 3D photo-realistic avatars automatically using a laser scanner. First, we turn the point cloud provided by the scanner into a suitable representation, that is a closed mesh. Our approach is based on a generic model of the human body that is fitted to the data using computer graphics techniques for mesh edition. Then, we add texture information to the 3D geometry using pictures taken during the acquisition. This problem is solved by optimizing the choice of a camera for each triangle of the mesh and treating the continuity problem at the seams. Finally, we show direct application of our system relying on the common parameterization provided by the generic model: use of the avatars in a virtual try-on application, modifying the haircut of the reconstructed model and animation transfer
Jouini, Jamel. "Approche économétrique des modèles avec changements structurels : quelques contributions". Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX24012.
This thesis explores the empirical evidence of the instability by uncovering structural breaks in economic and financial time series. In a first time, we were defined the structural change models and reviewed the most important results available in the econometric and statistical literature. Then, we were presented the main contributions of the thesis. Indeed, we were first proposed a detailed discussion of structural breaks in time series models based on parametric and nonparametric approaches. While the first approach broaches the instability problem in the time domain by uncovering structural breaks in time series, the nonparametric approach based on the Priestley evolutionary spectra, generalizing the usual definition of spectra for stationary processes, provides simultaneously the instability characteristics in the time and frequency domains by locating the unstable frequencies and the associated dates. We were proposed the use of bootstrap in connection of testing for structural breaks. The motivation for this lies in the fact that the asymptotic distribution theory of many of the break tests presented in the literature may not always be particularly useful in small-sample situations. The bootstrap turns out to be a very useful tool in that it allows surmounting efficiently these problems. The thesis was finally taken up a problem that has received plenty of attention in the recent time series literature: the relationship between structural breaks and long memory. The goal is to model the series with a process that takes into account the two concepts at the same time to investigate the effect of one on the other
Venel, Stéphanie. "Une Nouvelle approche de la modélisation et du calcul des ballons scientifiques". Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES086.
Guerfi, Fayçal. "Modélisation et approche analytique des systèmes d'écoulements triphasiques compressibles en milieu poreux". Pau, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PAUU3004.
Kouassi, Eugène. "Approche fréquentielle de la causalité évolutive entre processus aléatoires bivariés non-stationnaires". Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON10006.
In the study of causality between stochastic processes, the assumption of stationarity (at least of second order) is often tacitly made. It's possible, indeed, essential to release such assumption (case of nonstationary processes) using evolutionary spectral analysis and timedependant parameters models. Evolutionary causality (i. E time-dependant causality) which is issued results partly from frequency-domain analysis (evolutionary causality test) and from the combination of a set of evolutionary prediction models (arma models and transfer function models with changing parameters)
Friggit, Jacques. "Mécanique statistique des marchés : une approche darwinienne des comportements financiers : application à la dynamique des taux de change". Aix-Marseille 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX32020.
The dissertation models market behavior in very liquid markets. It assumes that financial behaviors adapt to information not instantaneously but following a darwinian evolution process, then reformulates and solves the problem thus posed by using tools borrowed from statistical mechanics. Some properties of the resulting price process are then compared to actual price processes observed in the foreign exchange market on short time scales. A potential predictor of instabilities is derived. A complete translation of the dissertation into english is available
Livros sobre o assunto "Approche écosystémique – Modèles mathématiques":
V, Jean Roger, ed. Une approche mathématique de la biologie. Chicoitimi, Québec: Gaëtan Morin, 1987.
1940-, Jean Roger, ed. Une Approche mathématique de la biologie. Chicoutimi, Qué: Morin, 1987.
Cazenave, Michel. Méthode des éléments finis: Approche pratique en mécanique des structures. Paris: Dunod, 2010.