Artigos de revistas: "Anxiété – Imagerie"

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Hirsch, Colette R., e Emily A. Holmes. "Mental imagery in anxiety disorders". Psychiatry 6, n.º 4 (abril de 2007): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mppsy.2007.01.005.

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McDonald, Rita T., e William A. Hilgendorf. "Death imagery and death anxiety". Journal of Clinical Psychology 42, n.º 1 (janeiro de 1986): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(198601)42:1<87::aid-jclp2270420113>3.0.co;2-s.

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Palmer, Stephen. "Step-up imagery technique". Coaching Psychologist 6, n.º 1 (junho de 2010): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpstcp.2010.6.1.42.

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Stephens, Rebecca L. "Imagery: A Treatment for Nursing Student Anxiety". Journal of Nursing Education 31, n.º 7 (1 de setembro de 1992): 314–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0148-4834-19920901-08.

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Levi, Melih. "Anxiety and imagery in Attilâ Ilhan’s poetry". Middle Eastern Studies 56, n.º 4 (18 de março de 2020): 653–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00263206.2020.1737932.

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Khodarahimi, Siamak. "Snake mother imagery in generalised anxiety disorder". International Forum of Psychoanalysis 19, n.º 3 (setembro de 2010): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08037060903524407.

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Buff, C., C. Schmidt, L. Brinkmann, B. Gathmann, S. Tupak e T. Straube. "Directed threat imagery in generalized anxiety disorder". Psychological Medicine 48, n.º 4 (24 de julho de 2017): 617–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291717001957.

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BackgroundWorrying has been suggested to prevent emotional and elaborative processing of fears. In cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) patients are exposed to their fears during the method of directed threat imagery by inducing emotional reactivity. However, studies investigating neural correlates of directed threat imagery and emotional reactivity in GAD patients are lacking. The present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study aimed at delineating neural correlates of directed threat imagery in GAD patients.MethodNineteen GAD patients and 19 healthy controls (HC) were exposed to narrative scripts of either disorder-related or neutral content and were encouraged to imagine it as vividly as possible.ResultsRating results showed that GAD patients experienced disorder-related scripts as more anxiety inducing and arousing than HC. These results were also reflected in fMRI data: Disorder-related v. neutral scripts elicited elevated activity in the amygdala, dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and the thalamus as well as reduced activity in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex/subgenual anterior cingulate cortex in GAD patients relative to HC.ConclusionThe present study presents the first behavioral and neural evidence for emotional reactivity during directed threat imagery in GAD. The brain activity pattern suggests an involvement of a fear processing network as a neural correlate of initial exposure during directed imagery in CBT in GAD.

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Homer, Sophie R., e Catherine Deeprose. "Voluntary and Involuntary Imagery in Social Anxiety". Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 45, n.º 3 (14 de fevereiro de 2017): 285–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465817000017.

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Background: Negative mental imagery is ubiquitous in cognitive models of social anxiety and in the social anxiety literature. Previous research has shown that it is causal of increased anxiety, lower social performance ratings and lower implicit self-esteem. Despite its prevalence, few studies have investigated this imagery directly. Aims: This study aimed to provide an in-depth analysis of the phenomenology of negative imagery experienced by socially anxious individuals, and to compare recurrent and intrusive images with images deliberately generated by participants during the study. Method: Thirty-eight undergraduate students screened to be above average in social anxiety scores completed a computerized imagery questionnaire adapted from previous qualitative work. Results: Thematic analyses revealed four major image themes for intrusive images and three for deliberately generated images including interacting with others and anxiety symptoms. Most intrusive images were based on negative episodic memories and were experienced at least fortnightly. Images were primarily visual, auditory and somatic but could involve any sensory modality. Depression anxiety stress scale (DASS-21) scores were higher in participants who experienced intrusive imagery and increased with the frequency of intrusions. Emotionality was generally higher in intrusive images than generated images. Conclusions: The phenomenology of negative imagery experienced by socially anxious individuals is idiosyncratic and may be inherently different from images generated for use in experimental research. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.

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Polii, Grace Benedikta, e Syenshie Virgini Wetik. "Pengaruh Guided Imagery Terhadap Tingkat Kecemasan Pasien Pre-Operasi (The Effects Of Guided Imagery On Preoperative Anxiety Level)". Jurnal Kesehatan 9, n.º 2 (18 de dezembro de 2020): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.46815/jkanwvol8.v9i2.106.

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Anxiety is a reaction to psychological disorders experienced by most patients in the face of surgery. Signs and symptoms are tremors, tachycardia, nervousness, insomnia, sweating and shortness of breath. The preoperative patient anxiety level is in the category of severe, moderate. If it is not handled properly, it will have a negative impact on the operation process that will be carried out by the patient so that relaxation measures are needed so that the patient can control his anxiety. One recommended therapy is guided imagery. Various studies have been conducted to prove its effect. The objective of this research was to analyze effects of guided imagery towards anxiety level decrease on pre-operative patients. This research used literature review design, database used were 2018- 2020 Google Scholar. Research populations were all research journals regarding effects of guided imagery and progressive relaxation towards anxiety level decrease on pre-operative patients using flow diagrams technique (data synthesis) thus n-value was obtained = 3. Analyzed journals result showed that there was a decrease in anxiety level of pre-operative patients after guided was given. Guided imagery affected the decrease of anxiety level on pre-operative patients. Kecemasan merupakan reaksi psikologis yang dialami oleh sebagian besar pasien dalam menghadapi operasi. Hal ini ditandai dengan gerakan tremor, takikardi, gelisah, susah tidur, berkeringat dan sesak nafas. Kecemasan yang dirasakan oleh pasien pra-operasi berada pada kategori berat, sedang. Apabila tidak teratasi dengan baik, maka akan menimbulkan dampak negatif bagi proses operasi yang akan dijalankan pasien sehingga dibutuhkan tindakan norfarmakologi berupa pemberian tindakan rileksasi pada pasien agar pasien mampu mengontrol perasaan cemas yang dirasakannya. Salah satu terapi yang direkomendasikan adalah guided imagery. Berbagai penelitian telah dilakukan untuk membuktikan pengaruhnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh guided imagery terhadap tingkat kecemasan pasien pra-operasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain literature review dengan jenis database yang digunakan, yaitu Google Scholar tahun 2018-2020. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh jurnal penelitian tentang pengaruh terapi guided imagery terhadap tingkat kecemasan pasien pra-operasi dengan menggunakan teknik diagram flow (sintesis data) sehingga didapatkan n = 3. Hasil analisis jurnal penelitian menunjukan bahwa guided imagery efektif menurunkan kecemasan pasien pra-operasi.

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Constantinou, Elena, Dora Georgiou, Maria Karekla e Georgia Panayiotou. "Subjective distress and physiological reactivity during anxiety-evoking imagery in social anxiety". Personality and Individual Differences 182 (novembro de 2021): 111095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2021.111095.

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Monsma, Eva V., e Lynnette Y. Overby. "The Relationship between Imagery and Competitive Anxiety in Ballet Auditions". Journal of Dance Medicine & Science 8, n.º 1 (março de 2004): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1089313x0400800102.

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Aligned with competitive anxiety research in athletics, this study explored audition anxiety and the role of imagery in the anxiety-performance relationship among 131 female auditioning ballet dancers. A better understanding of how auditioning dancers experience anxiety and associated image content can help train dancers preparing for anxiety-provoking, high-stakes performances. The CSAI-2 assessing competitive state anxiety and confidence and the SIQ assessing the cognitive and motivational functions of imagery were slightly modified for administration in the audition context. The MIQ-R was used to assess movement imagery. All instrument subscales, with the exception of the CG-Strategies subscale of the SIQ, demonstrated adequate internal consistency. Ballet dancers’ scores were similar to those reported by aesthetic sport athletes. Obtaining a position with a dance company was used as a proxy for defining success. Successful dancers with prior audition success were more confident than those without prior success and unsuccessful dancers with, and without, prior success. As a group, successful dancers experienced less cognitive anxiety and more somatic anxiety than unsuccessful dancers. Although imagery ability and image content did not differentiate dancers by performance, confident dancers had higher kinesthetic imagery ability and used more mastery and less arousal imagery than less confident dancers. In contrast, cognitively and somatically anxious dancers used less mastery and more arousal imagery. The athletic paradigm appears to be an appropriate framework for studying performance-related anxiety among dancers. Dancers and practitioners are encouraged to focus on mastery images for increasing confidence and decreasing anxiety. Dancers with prior audition success may be incorporating theses experiences in generating arousal imagery shown to predicted somatic anxiety, anxiety that does not appear to be detrimental to performance when cognitive anxiety is controlled.

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ÖZTÜRK, Güneş. "Imagery: A Review". Psikiyatride Guncel Yaklasimlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry 15, n.º 3 (30 de setembro de 2023): 488–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1150955.

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Modern neuroscience has shown that relaxing images cause the brain to release high levels of serotonin, dopamine, and oxytocin, which reduce anxiety, block cortisol, and increase neuroplasticity. Modern medicine positions human beings as passive, helpless, in need of external aid and in need of repair. However, man should be seen as a being with physical and spiritual power that can repair himself far beyond this passive role. The common point of all the studies examined in this study is that imagery, which is an internal skill, can be used as a low-cost and effective mental therapy tool. Some studies have described imagery as a more effective method than pharmacological interventions. It is seen that the application of imagery is widely used in many diseases such as psychotic disorders, cancer, asthma, migraine, hypertension, immune system diseases, mental disorders such as anxiety and depression. It is seen that the imagery technique, which is thought to work as a defense mechanism and drive satisfaction according to psychoanalytic perspective, is widely used in fields such as mindfulness-focused therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, and dialectic therapy. This review, first of all, mentions the use of imagery and imagery in history, and then describes current research on imagery applications on different diseases. In addition, it was written to emphasize the lack of research on the mechanisms by which this personal and internal power, which is thought to affect the efficiency of the treatment, regardless of which physical or psychological help is sought, and to encourage new research.

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Grammatica, Gail. "Guided Imagery as a Resource to Decrease Test Anxiety". Creative Nursing 24, n.º 4 (novembro de 2018): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1078-4535.24.4.211.

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A pre-exam guided imagery intervention was implemented with 49 senior baccalaureate nursing students to address test anxiety. The intervention consisted of listening to a 10-minute recorded audio guided imagery exercise. Self-reported anxiety levels were measured using a Likert scale pre- and post-guided imagery. Most students demonstrated a reduction in test anxiety postintervention.

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Cuthbert, Bruce N., Peter J. Lang, Cyd Strauss, David Drobes, Christopher J. Patrick e Margaret M. Bradley. "The psychophysiology of anxiety disorder: Fear memory imagery". Psychophysiology 40, n.º 3 (maio de 2003): 407–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-8986.00043.

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Vadoa, Eva A., Craig R. Hall e Sandra E. Moritz. "The relationship between competitive anxiety and imagery use". Journal of Applied Sport Psychology 9, n.º 2 (setembro de 1997): 241–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10413209708406485.

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ACKERMAN, CATHERINE J., e BEATRICE TURKOSKI. "Using Guided Imagery to Reduce Pain and Anxiety". Home Healthcare Nurse 18, n.º 8 (setembro de 2000): 524–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004045-200009000-00010.

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Melamed, Barbara G., Edwin W. Cook, Bruce N. Cuthbert, Daniel W. McNeil e Peter J. Lang. "Emotional imagery and the defferential diagnosis of anxiety". International Journal of Psychophysiology 7, n.º 2-4 (agosto de 1989): 311–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8760(89)90249-3.

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Cook, Edwin W., Barbara G. Melamed, Bruce N. Cuthbert, Daniel W. McNeil e Peter J. Lang. "Emotional imagery and the differential diagnosis of anxiety." Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 56, n.º 5 (1988): 734–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.56.5.734.

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Akbar, Muhammad, Masud Akhtar, Muhammad Akram Riaz, Ifraz Adeel, Kishwar Batool e Saima Waqar. "Impact of Sports Anxiety and Sports Imagery on Performance among Athletes". Journal of Education and Social Studies 3, n.º 2 (30 de agosto de 2022): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.52223/jess.20223209.

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It has been seen that sports anxiety and imagery have a significant impact on athletes’ performance. Therefore, the present study examines the impact of sports anxiety and imagery on athletes' performance. Participants comprised 200 athletes from different sports institutes of Sargodha. The score obtained from Sports Anxiety Scale is used to measure sports anxiety. The score obtained from the Warwick-Edinburgh Sports Performance Scale is used to measure the performance of the athletes. The score obtained from Sports Imagery Scale is used to measure sports imagery. Linear regression was applied to test the objective. It was found that 140 participants experienced anxiety (70%), whereas 60 participants did not reveal anxiety (30%). Findings revealed that sports anxiety negatively predicted sports performance, whereas sports imagery positively predicted sports performance.

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Carter, Jennifer E., e Anita E. Kelly. "Using Traditional and Paradoxical Imagery Interventions with Reactant Intramural Athletes". Sport Psychologist 11, n.º 2 (junho de 1997): 175–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.11.2.175.

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This study explored the moderating effect of psychological reactance on the success of traditional and paradoxical mental imagery treatments that were aimed at reducing anxiety in athletes. Intramural college basketball players (N = 73) were recruited through advertisements for a free-throw contest, and their anxiety and free-throw performance were measured following treatment in one of three groups: confidence imagery, paradoxical imagery, or control. As predicted, in the paradoxical condition, high-reactant athletes reported having significantly lower somatic state anxiety and significantly higher state self-confidence than did low-reactant athletes. In contrast, high- and low-reactant athletes did not differ in their anxiety scores in both the confidence imagery and control conditions. Results suggested that reactance does moderate the effect of the success of traditional and paradoxical imagery treatments for reducing athletes’ anxiety.

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Lloyd, James, e Magda Marczak. "Imagery rescripting and negative self-imagery in social anxiety disorder: a systematic literature review". Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 50, n.º 3 (28 de fevereiro de 2022): 280–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135246582200008x.

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AbstractBackground:Imagery rescripting (IR) is an effective intervention for social anxiety disorder (SAD) that targets memories of distressing formative events linked to negative self-imagery (NSI). IR is thought to update unhelpful schema by addressing the needs of the younger self within the memory. An accumulating body of evidence indicates that by modifying NSI, IR can significantly affect distressing imagery, memory appraisal, and beliefs about the self.Aims:This systematic review aims to critically evaluate and synthesise literature investigating the existing research on the effects IR has on NSI in SAD.Method:A systematic electronic search of Academic Search Complete, ProQuest, Medline, Scopus and PubMed was performed in February 2021 using pre-defined criteria. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria and were selected for review.Results:Analysis of the reviewed articles’ findings identified three main themes: Changes to negative self-images, Memories linked to images and Encapsulated beliefs. IR was associated with significant decreases in image distress, image vividness, memory vividness, memory distress, and encapsulated beliefs. Although reductions were found with image frequency, they were non-significant. Interpretation of results is limited by the small number of studies.Conclusions:IR appears to effectively alter images, memories and beliefs in SAD in as little as a single session. The findings indicate that IR could be utilised as a cost-effective intervention for SAD. However, additional studies and longer-term follow-ups are needed.

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Choi, Yoonyoung, e Junghye Kwon. "Comparing the Effectiveness of Imagery Rescripting and Enhanced Imagery Rescripting for Social Anxiety Disorder". Cognitive Behavior Therapy in Korea 21, n.º 2 (30 de junho de 2021): 255–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33703/cbtk.2021.21.2.255.

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Page, Stephen J., Wesley Sime e Kelly Nordell. "The Effects of Imagery on Female College Swimmers’ Perceptions of Anxiety". Sport Psychologist 13, n.º 4 (dezembro de 1999): 458–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.13.4.458.

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Some athletes perceive competitive anxiety as negative and detrimental to performance while it invigorates and excites others. Since perceptions of anxiety impact motor performance, it is important to develop techniques by which perceptions can be modified. The aims of this study were to determine the efficacy of a single imagery session in: (a) modifying perceptions of anxiety from negative to positive, and (b) reducing precompetitive state anxiety levels. Using a switched replication design, Murray’s (1989) Competitive Anxiety Perception Scale (CAPS) and the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) (Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump, & Smith, 1990) were administered to 40 female intercollegiate swimmers weekly over the course of 5 weeks. Following random exposure to imagery, nonsignificant changes on the scales of the CSAI-2 (cognitive [F{1, 39} = .30, p > .05], somatic [F{1, 39} = 0.72, p > .05], self-confidence [F{1, 39} = 2.93, p > .05]), and significant improvements on the CAPS as positive (F[1, 39] = 19.60, p < .01) were observed. Results suggest that perceptions of anxiety may be modified by imagery, which could aid performance.

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Herdiansyah, Herdiansyah, Tatang Muhtar e Muhammad Nur Alif. "Mental Imagery: Competitive Anxiety Control in Karate Kumite Athlete". JUARA : Jurnal Olahraga 7, n.º 3 (18 de novembro de 2022): 833–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33222/juara.v7i3.2448.

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This study aimed to test the effect of mental imagery training on the competitive anxiety of karate Kumite athletes. One of the benefits of mental imagery is that it can improve the athlete's ability to control psychological symptoms such as anxiety. So that athletes can show their best performance during the game. This research used quantitative methods with an experimental approach, the pretest-posttest control and an experimental group design. The population used West Java regional karate athletes, totalling 42 athletes. Using purposive sampling techniques, the samples consisted of 15 Bandung Karate Club Kumite athletes and 15 Kei Shin Kan Kumite athletes. Data were obtained using The Hogg Eco-Anxiety Scale. Based on the results of the data analysis obtained, the average experimental pretest of 25.20 and posttest of 20.00 showed a decrease in the anxiety of Kumite athletes after being given imagery training. In addition, the N-Gain scores in both groups show decreased pressure in Kumite athletes. However, the N-Gain score in the experimental group was lower than the control group (-23.60 < 3.56), and in the t-test on the N-Gain value, the score obtained the Sig. Value (2-tailed) was 0.005 < α = 0.05. So it can be concluded that imagery training affects the competitive anxiety of Kumite athletes, and there are significant differences in effectiveness in applying imagery training with conventional exercises

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Kumari, Dolly, e Jaideep Patil. "Guided imagery for anxiety disorder: Therapeutic efficacy and changes in quality of life". Industrial Psychiatry Journal 32, Suppl 1 (novembro de 2023): S191—S195. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ipj.ipj_238_23.

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Background: Patients with anxiety disorder were showing severity of anxiety symptoms as well as poor quality of life. Guided imagery (GI) provides immediate relaxation, and improves the severity of anxiety symptoms and the quality of life of patients with anxiety disorder. Anxiety is a basic emotion that is required as a motivation for everyday work of life. Anxiety presents a complex cognitive, affective, physiological, and behavioral response that is related to future harm (real or perceived). Aim: To study the efficacy of GI intervention on patients with anxiety disorder and their quality of life. Materials and Methods: This longitudinal, interventional study was done in a state institute of mental health, psychiatric unit on 20 patients (outpatients) with anxiety disorder, diagnosed according to diagnostic criteria of research ICD-10 DCR. Patients were assessed using a sociodemographic and clinical data sheet, Hamilton anxiety scale, and World Health Organization QOL instrument, short-form (WHOQOL-BREF), Hindi version. Results: Patients with anxiety disorder in the experimental group improved as compared with the control group significantly. The mean QOL-BREF score was also improved after intervention in the intervention group. Conclusion: GI intervention helps reduce the severity of anxiety symptoms and improve the quality of life in patients with anxiety disorder.

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Fox, Helen C., Verica Milivojevic, Gustavo A. Angarita, Raymond Stowe e Rajita Sinha. "Peripheral immune system suppression in early abstinent alcohol-dependent individuals: Links to stress and cue-related craving". Journal of Psychopharmacology 31, n.º 7 (21 de fevereiro de 2017): 883–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881117691455.

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Background: Peripheral immune system cytokines may play an integral role in the underlying sensitized stress response and alcohol craving during early alcohol withdrawal. To date, the nature of these immune changes during early abstinence have not been examined. Methods: A total of 39 early abstinent, treatment-seeking, alcohol-dependent individuals and 46 socially drinking controls were exposed to three guided imageries: stress, alcohol cue and neutral. These were presented randomly across consecutive days. Plasma measures of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-10 (IL-10), were collected at baseline, immediately after imagery and at various recovery time-points. Ratings of alcohol craving, negative mood and anxiety were also obtained at the same time-points. Results: The alcohol group demonstrated decreased basal IL-10 compared with controls particularly following exposure to alcohol cue. They also showed a dampened TNFα and TNFR1 response to stress and cue, respectively, and a generalized suppression of IL-6. In the alcohol group, these immune system adaptations occurred alongside significant elevations in anxiety, negative mood and alcohol craving. Conclusions: Findings demonstrate that broad immunosuppression is still observed in alcohol-dependent individuals after 3 weeks of abstinence and may be linked to motivation for alcohol.

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Malcolm, Charlotte P., Marco M. Picchioni e Lyn Ellett. "Intrusive prospective imagery, posttraumatic intrusions and anxiety in schizophrenia". Psychiatry Research 230, n.º 3 (dezembro de 2015): 899–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2015.11.029.

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McEvoy, Peter M., David M. Erceg-Hurn, Kevin C. Barber, Jessica R. Dupasquier e David A. Moscovitch. "Transportability of imagery-enhanced CBT for social anxiety disorder". Behaviour Research and Therapy 106 (julho de 2018): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2018.05.007.

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Hirsch, Colette, Tim Meynen e David Clark. "Negative self‐imagery in social anxiety contaminates social interactions". Memory 12, n.º 4 (julho de 2004): 496–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09658210444000106.

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Morrison, Amanda S., Nader Amir e Charles T. Taylor. "A Behavioral Index of Imagery Ability in Social Anxiety". Cognitive Therapy and Research 35, n.º 4 (22 de outubro de 2009): 326–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10608-009-9274-6.

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Moran, Daniel J., e Richard M. O'Brien. "Competence Imagery: A Case Study Treating Emetophobia". Psychological Reports 96, n.º 3 (junho de 2005): 635–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.96.3.635-636.

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An emetophobic child is nonresponsive to conventional systematic desensitization and has her anxiety responses counterconditioned by using Competence Imagery instead of physical relaxation responses while progressing through her fear hierarchy.

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Kurniati, Safra Ria, e Mawar Eka Putri. "Guided Imagery Intervention to Reduce Anxiety in Nursing Home Elderly Resident". Psychiatry Nursing Journal (Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa) 4, n.º 2 (3 de novembro de 2022): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/pnj.v4i2.38731.

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Introduction: The increasing number of the elderly population will cause health problems in the elderly, including mental health problems. However, study of anxiety in elderly is limited. Seeing the conditions experienced by the elderly, it is very necessary to pay attention and to provide intensive mental guidance which is then studied, internalized and practiced by the elderly in daily life. This study aims to determine the effect of guided imagination techniques on elderly anxiety. Method: The research design was a pre-experimental pre and post test design with 30 elderly respondents. Sample was chosen by purposive sampling technique. Data were collected by using Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale. Results: After the intervention, it was found that guided imagination had an effect on the anxiety score of the elderly. Conclusions: This study concludes that guided imagery can be applied to create a relaxation effect to elderly, thus will have an impact on anxiety level.

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Koizumi, Shinichi. "Effects of imagery ability end speech anxiety on imagery vividness of imaginary of speech scene." Japanese journal of psychology 68, n.º 3 (1997): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.68.203.

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Bella, Melly Kar, e Isna Hikmawati. "Guided Imagery Relaxation: Therapy to Reduce Anxiety Level Before Competing Pencak Silat Athletes". Proceedings Series on Health & Medical Sciences 3 (28 de dezembro de 2022): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/pshms.v3i.623.

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Background: Pencak Silat athletes have high emotional reactions in competing so that anxiety will arise in these athletes. Guided imagery (GI) is a technique that relies on descriptive language to facilitate auditory visualization of calming images with the aim of achieving a relaxation response. Objective: To determine the effect of guided imagery relaxation therapy on anxiety before competing in pencak silat athletes in Tapak Suci. Methods: Experimental research with a pre-experimental design (one group pretest-posttest). The research instrument used the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HRS-A). The sampling technique used total sampling with the number of respondents as members of pencak silat as many as 30 people from the University of Muhammadiyah Purwokerto silat. Results: The level of anxiety before the match in the moderate category was mostly 46.7% and severe anxiety was 30%, and after being given therapy most of them did not experience anxiety as much as 46.7% and mild anxiety as much as 43.3%. There is an influence of guide imagery on anxiety before competing in pencak silat athletes at the University of Muhammadiyah Purwokerto with a p-value of 0.001 (<0.05). Conclusion: The importance of non-pharmacological therapy to reduce anxiety before competition, so that match readiness is more optimal.

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Dharmariana, June Rodhian, e Hamidah Hamidah. "Guided Imagery untuk Menurunkan Social Appearance Anxiety pada Wanita Dewasa Awal Obesitas". Persona:Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia 8, n.º 1 (27 de junho de 2019): 78–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.30996/persona.v8i1.2462.

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Abstract Early adulthood is a period when individu face and should to be able to adjust changes, patterns of life and new hopes. Individu also have developmental tasks that must be completed and determine life in the period of further development. However, some early adult women have reported obesity which has an impact on social appearance anxiety. One form of therapy that can be used to reduce anxiety is guided imagery. This research is an experimental study with a single-group pretest / posttest design. The research subjects were 4 people who were determined through purposive sampling technique. Data collection was carried out using the social appearance anxiety scale compiled by Hart et al. (2008). This study used the non-parametric data analysis technique Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The analysis shows that guided imagery is not effective in reducing social appearance anxiety in early adult women who are significantly obese. Keywords: Guided Imagery, Social Appearance Anxiety, Early Adult Woman, Obesity. Abstrak Dewasa awal merupakan masa individu menghadapi dan dituntut mampu menyesuaikan diri terhadap perubahan, pola kehidupan dan harapan baru. Individu juga memiliki tugas perkembangan yang harus diselesaikan dan menentukan kehidupan di masa perkembangan selanjutnya. Namun demikian beberapa wanita dewasa awal dilaporkan mengalami obesitas yang berdampak pada kecemasan berpenampilan sosial atau social appearance anxiety. Salah satu bentuk terapi yang dapat digunakan untuk menurunkan kecemasan adalah guided imagery. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen dengan desain single-group pretest/posttest design. Subjek penelitian berjumlah 4 orang yang ditentukan melalui teknik purposive sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan skala social appearance anxiety yang disusun oleh Hart, dkk. (2008). Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis data non-parametrik wilcoxon signed-rank test. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pemberian guided imagery tidak efektif menurunkan social appearance anxiety pada wanita dewasa awal yang mengalami obesitas secara signifikan. Kata Kunci: Guided Imagery, Social Appearance Anxiety, Wanita Dewasa Awal, Obesitas.

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Agustina, Marisca. "Distraction Guided Imagery Technique to Reduce Anxiety Levels in Elderly with Hypertension". Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research 6, n.º 1 (3 de fevereiro de 2024): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37287/ijghr.v6i1.2580.

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Elderly is an aging process with increasing individual age characterized by a decrease in the function of organs such as the brain, heart, liver and kidneys and increased loss of active body tissue in the form of body muscles. The decline in organ function in the elderly is due to a decrease in the number and ability of body cells, so that the ability of body tissues to maintain normal function disappears, so they cannot defend against infection and repair damage suffered (Fatmah, 2010). The purpose of this study was to identify the Guidance Imagery Distraction Technique on Reducing Anxiety Levels in Elderly People with Hypertension in Rt 010 / Rw 005 Lenteng Agung South Jakarta Year 2023.This type of research uses a quantitative type research design with a research design using pre-experiment. The population in the study was elderly with hypertension as many as 39 people in RT 010 / RW 05 Lenteng Agung The sample technique used was putposive sampling and data analysis using paired sample t-test. The results of this study indicate that after being given guided imagery techniques, the majority experienced a decrease in anxiety levels, namely mild anxiety as many as 11 elderly people (73.3%) and respondents who experienced moderate anxiety as many as 4 elderly people (46.7%). anxiety in elderly people with hypertension in RT 010 In RT 010 /RW 05 Lenteng Agung before being given the Guided Imagery distraction technique, the majority experienced severe anxiety. Anxiety in the elderly with hypertension in RT 010 / RW 05 Lenteng Agung before being given the Guided Imagery distraction technique, the majority experienced mild anxiety. There is an effect of Guidance Imagery distraction techniques on reducing anxiety levels in the elderly with hypertension in RT 010 / Rw 005 Lenteng Agung, South Jakarta in 2023.

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Vassilopoulos, Stephanos. "Social Anxiety and the Effects of Engaging in Mental Imagery1". Cognitive Therapy and Research 29, n.º 3 (junho de 2005): 261–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10608-005-2993-4.

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Knutsson, Jens, Jan-Erik Nilsson, Åsa Eriksson e Linda Järild. "Imagery Rescripting and Exposure in Social Anxiety: A Randomized Trial Comparing Treatment Techniques". Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy 50, n.º 3 (21 de dezembro de 2019): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10879-019-09448-1.

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AbstractThis randomized trial compared the effects of imagery rescripting against in vivo exposure administered separately during a single session with 27 socially anxious individuals. Previous research shows that imagery rescripting is a promising treatment technique for various disorders including social anxiety, although imagery rescripting and exposure for social anxiety have not yet been compared. Social anxiety self-report measures (LSAS-SR and BFNE-II); the distress, vividness, and frequency of fear images (i.e., Imagery condition); and the levels of anxiety, avoidance, and the strength of convictions of a feared social situation (i.e., exposure condition) were rated at baseline, before treatment, and after a 2- and 4-week follow up period. Both treatment groups improved significantly on all measures pre- to post treatment and the effects largely remained at the 4-week follow-up. No significant differences between the treatment groups were found on the anxiety measures. The results suggest that either a single session of imagery rescripting or of exposure are effective in reducing social anxiety, and that both treatment techniques, even when administered in a single session, reduces social anxiety.

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Andriani, Yessi, Endra Amalia e Def Primal. "Guided Imagery Technique Implementation Reducing Primigravida Pregnancy Anxiety Before Childbirth Delivery". JOSING: Journal of Nursing and Health 1, n.º 2 (30 de junho de 2021): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/josing.v1i2.2324.

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Anxiety is the most common psychiatric condition found throughout the world. Anxiety in pregnancy is an emotional reaction that occurs in pregnant women related to the concern of the mother with the welfare of herself and her fetus. Guided imagery is the development of mental functions that express oneself dynamically through a psychophysiological process involving all senses and bringing about changes in behavior, perception, or physiological responses with someone's guidance or through the media. This scientific case study aims to determine the application of nursing care to primigravida mothers in dealing with the labor process using guided imagery techniques. The data collection techniques used were interviews, observation, physical examination, and documentation study. This scientific paper shows that there is a decrease in the level of anxiety in the patient after doing the guided imagery technique for 3 meetings. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the intervention from journals related to nursing care in primigravida mothers who experience anxiety has been implemented well. The results of this scientific case study are expected to be implemented as a basis for developing nursing care management and assisting nurses to increase client’s satisfaction with caring provided. Keywords: anxiety, guided imagery, primigravida pregnancy.

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Lestari, Puspita Hanggit, Cristina Oktavia, Mia Fatma Ekasari, Nur Fitri Ayu Pertiwi e Nadhia Elsa Silviani. "PENERAPAN TERAPI GUIDED IMAGERY TERHADAP PENURUNAN KECEMASAN DAN TEKANAN DARAH PADA LANSIA DENGAN HIPERTENSI". NURSING UPDATE : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Keperawatan P-ISSN : 2085-5931 e-ISSN : 2623-2871 15, n.º 2 (20 de junho de 2024): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36089/nu.v15i2.2100.

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Background: Hypertension is still a health problem that often occurs in the elderly. One of the factors that causes blood pressure to increase is anxiety. Anxiety can be reduced through the application of Guided imagery therapy. Guided imagery is a relaxation technique that relaxes the elderly and helps lower blood pressure. Method: The research used a case study method involving 3 elderly people. Application is carried out for 7 consecutive days with a duration of 15-20 minutes. Anxiety was measured using the HARS questionnaire. Results: The three elderly experienced a change in anxiety level with the result that 2 elderly people had a severe level of anxiety to a moderate level of anxiety and 1 elderly person went from a moderate level of anxiety to a mild level of anxiety. The three elderly also experienced changes in blood pressure with the results, The first elderly with previous blood pressure of 175/98 mmHg became 149/95 mmHg; The second elderly from previously 134/90 mmHg to 114/85 mmHg; and the 3rd elderly with previous blood pressure of 150/83 mmHg to 121/82 mmHg. Conclusion: Guided Imagery Therapy has an influence in reducing anxiety levels and blood pressure in hypertensive elderly.

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Indah Nur Jannah. "Pengaruh Terapi Guide Imagery Terhadap Penurunan Kecemasan Remaja Korban Bullying Di SMPS Shabilla". An-Najat 1, n.º 3 (18 de julho de 2023): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.59841/an-najat.v1i3.116.

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Bullying has a negative impact not only on victims but also on perpetrators, bullying causes psychological problems for adolescents such as anxiety, they can experience mental and social problems, including suicide. The World Health Organization (WHO) (2020) reveals generically that one of the mental disorders that can occur due to bullying is an anxiety disorder whose directed effect is depression, therapy guide imgery is a therapeutic activity for young victims of bullying who experience anxiety so that it gives the effect of feeling comfortable and relaxes the body. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of guided imagery therapy on reducing anxiety in adolescent victims of bullying at Shabilla Junior High School. Methods: This type of research is a quantitative study with a Quasi Experimental design with a One group Pre-Post Test Design Group Without Control Design approach and data analysis using the Paired t- Test and Total Sampling method, with a sample of 20 adolescents. Results: The results of the study found that the level of anxiety before being given guide imagery therapy found that most of the teenagers who were victims of bullying had mild anxiety levels, namely as many as 14 teenagers (70%). The level of anxiety of adolescent bullying victims after guided imagery therapy was found that most of the adolescent victims of bullying were at a normal level (not anxious) as many as 12 teenagers (60%), The results of the analysis test found that there was an effect of guided imagery therapy on reducing anxiety in adolescent victims of bullying at Shabilla Junior High School, p value = 0.000 (p < 0.05). Suggestion: Suggestion: for SMPS Shabilla schools to form and deploy an Anti Bullying task force, put up Anti Bullying posters, and specifically for BK (counseling) teachers must be able to master imagery therapy guides for adolescent bullying victims who experience anxiety

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Philips, H. C. "Imagery and Likelihood Cognitive Bias in Pain". Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 43, n.º 3 (27 de novembro de 2013): 270–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465813000982.

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Background: Distressing intrusive images are frequently experienced by sufferers from chronic and acute pain. The images (Index images) are correlated with elevations in anxiety, threat, and a cognition that the imaged event might actually happen. The over-estimation that having a negative cognition about an adverse event will increase the probability of the negative event occurring - the likelihood bias - has been observed in a variety of psychological disorders. Preliminary research indicated this cognitive bias might occur in pain sufferers. Aims: To investigate the occurrence of a cognitive likelihood bias associated with imagery in acute and chronic pain sufferers, and to relate the postulated cognitive bias to psychological characteristics of participants, and four other important cognitive responses to their Index images. Method: Fifty-nine pain sufferers completed a newly developed questionnaire (Image-Event-Fusion-pain: IEF-p) to assess cognitive likelihood bias in pain sufferers. The internal consistency, reliability, factor structure and validity of the scale were evaluated. Psychological measures to assess anxiety, depression, PTSD symptoms, and levels of mental defeat were administered. Results: The IEF-p was found to be psychometrically robust with satisfactory test-retest reliability, good internal consistency, single factor structure and criterion validity. The IEF-p was significantly correlated with four key cognitive appraisals of the Index Images (responsibility, likelihood, premonition, and threat). Three of these correlations were independent of depression. High cognitive bias scores were significantly associated with elevated levels of anxiety symptoms, depression, PTSD symptoms, and mental defeat. Conclusion: Pain Index images were significantly associated with cognitive bias (IEF-p), increased threat levels, and raised estimate of the likelihood of imaged events actually occurring. The results indicate the prevalence of a cognitive bias associated with pain imagery cognitions, comparable to that established with intrusive cognitions in OCD, notably Thought-Action- Fusion.

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Shojaie, Atena, Houshang Amiri, Tania Dehesh e Behnaz Bagherian. "Anxiety of Patients Undergoing Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): The Effectiveness of Guided Mental Imagery". Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging 33, n.º 5 (17 de setembro de 2024): e0314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/rmr.0000000000000314.

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Abstract: Background: Since magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an extensively used and fundamental diagnostic imaging method and anxiety is one of the most important confounding factors in its performance, using guided imagery is recommended. Objective: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of guided imagery on the anxiety of patients undergoing MRI in 2023. Methods: 88 patients were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention group listened to the nature-based guided imagery audio file during their scan, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were collected using demographic information and the Spielberger Anxiety Questionnaire before and after the scan. Results: There was no significant difference between the 2 groups before the intervention regarding demographic data and anxiety. In the intervention group, the mean anxiety decreased from 104.0 ± 14.6 to 92.4 ± 9.0, showing a significant reduction in the level of anxiety in both subscales (state and trait) and the total score (P < 0.001), compared with the control group and before the intervention. Conclusion: The results showed that using guided imagery could decrease anxiety levels in patients undergoing MRI. Since patients' anxiety is one of the most important nursing diagnoses, performing cognitive methods, including guided imagery, as a simple, safe, inexpensive, and effective intervention should be considered.

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Cumming, Jennifer, Tom Olphin e Michelle Law. "Self-Reported Psychological States and Physiological Responses to Different Types of Motivational General Imagery". Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 29, n.º 5 (outubro de 2007): 629–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.29.5.629.

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The aim of the present study was to examine self-reported psychological states and physiological responses (heart rate) experienced during different motivational general imagery scenarios. Forty competitive athletes wore a standard heart rate monitor and imaged five scripts (mastery, coping, anxiety, psyching up, and relaxation). Following each script, they reported their state anxiety and self-confidence. A significant increase in heart rate from baseline to imagery was found for the anxiety, psyching-up, and coping imagery scripts. Furthermore, the intensity of cognitive and somatic anxiety was greater and perceived as being more debilitative following the anxiety imagery script. The findings support Lang’s (1977, 1979) proposal that images containing response propositions will produce a physiological response (i.e., increase heart rate). Moreover, coping imagery enabled the athletes to simultaneously experience elevated levels of anxiety intensity and thoughts and feelings they perceived as helpful.

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Azizah Nur Khasanah e Syahruramdhani Syahruramdhani. "Pemberian Terapi Guided Imagery terhadap Pasien dengan Nyeri dan Ansietas Post Operasi Fraktur Collum Humerus". Jurnal Medika Nusantara 1, n.º 2 (5 de maio de 2023): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.59680/medika.v1i2.289.

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Background: After the fracture surgery procedure, the patient who initially received anesthesia and a few hours later disappeared, usually the patient will feel pain, apart from pain, anxiety will arise related to changes in daily activity, where these two things are interconnected. An increased response to pain is often caused by a feeling of anxiety or vice versa the response to pain can cause anxiety. Nonpharmacological therapy that can be done by nurses to reduce pain as well as postoperative anxiety is guided imagery therapy. Purpose: This case study aims to determine the effectiveness of guided imagery therapy for pain and anxiety in patients with postoperative humeral collum fractures. Methods: The method used in writing is a case report with guided imagery therapy intervention carried out for 3 days. Results: The results of this case study show that after guided imagery intervention for 3 days there was a decrease in the Numeric Pain Scale from 7 (moderate pain) to 3 (mild pain) and a decrease in the Beck Anxiety Inventory score from 11 (mild anxiety disorder) to 5 (minimal anxiety disorder). Conclusion: Guided imagery is effective in reducing pain and anxiety in postoperative humeral collum fracture patients.

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Coughtrey, Anna E., Roz Shafran e S. J. Rachman. "Imagery in Mental Contamination". Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 43, n.º 3 (20 de janeiro de 2014): 257–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465813000957.

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Background: Intrusive imagery is experienced in a number of anxiety disorders, including Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Imagery is particularly relevant to mental contamination, where unwanted intrusive images are hypothesized to evoke feelings of dirtiness and urges to wash (Rachman, 2006). Aims: The aim of this study was to examine the nature of imagery associated with mental contamination. Method: Fifteen people with contaminated-based OCD completed a semi-structured imagery interview designed specifically for this study. Results: Ten participants reported images associated with contamination. These images were vivid and distressing and evoked feelings of dirtiness. Participants engaged in a number of behaviours to neutralize their images, including compulsive washing. A small number of participants also reported images that protected them from contamination. Conclusions: In support of the theory of mental contamination (Rachman, 2006), images can lead to feelings of pollution and compulsive washing. Further research is needed to explore the role of imagery in maintaining contamination fears.

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Nuwa, Muhammad Saleh, e Stefanus Mendes Kiik. "Pengaruh Spiritual Guided Imagery and Music terhadap Kecemasan Pasien Kanker yang Menjalani Kemoterapi". Jurnal Ners dan Kebidanan (Journal of Ners and Midwifery) 7, n.º 1 (5 de abril de 2020): 095–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.26699/jnk.v7i1.art.p095-106.

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Latar Belakang : Kemoterapi membuat pasien yang didiagnosa menderita kanker memiliki perasaan gelisah, cemas dan takut akan bayang-bayang kematian yang menghantui setiap saat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Spiritual Guided imagery and music (SGIM) terhadap kecemasan pasien kanker yang menjalani kemoterapi. Metode : Jenis Penelitiani ini adalah Quasi experimental dengan rancangan one group pre and post test with control group design. Penelitian dilaksanakan diruangan kemoterapi pada 30 pasien yang mendapatkan terapi SGIM dan 30 sebagai kelompok kontrol. Skore kecemasan diukur sebanyak 3 kali yaitu 1 hari dan 30 menit sebelum kemoterapi serta 1 hari setelah kemoterapi. Kecemasan diukur menggunakaan skala HARS. Data dianalsisi dengan uji GLM repeated mesure dengan bantun SPSS 21. Hasil : sebanyak 73,3 % dan 26,7 pasien memiliki kecemasan berat dan sedang saat pre test menjadi kecemasan sedang (56,7%) dan kecemasan ringan (43,3%) pada pengukuran 30 menit sebelum kemoterapi dan pada akhir pengukuran berada pada kecemasan ringan (63,4 %) dan tidak ada kecemasan (33,3 %) dan sisanya 3,3 % masih mengalami kecemasan berat pada kelompok SGIM. Analisis uji GLM repeated measure post hock banferoni diketahui p value = 0,001, dengan nilai r square =0,29. Hal ini menunjukan ada pengaruh SGIM terhadap penurunan kecemasan pasien kanker yang menjalani kemoterapi dengan besar sumbangan pengaruh sebesar 29% sisanya dipengaruhi variabel yang lain. Kesimpulan : Pemberian Terapi SGIM menurunkan kecemasan pasien kanker yang menjalani kemoterapi. Rekomendasi penelitian adalah SGIM dapat diaplikasikan sebagai salah satu terapi komplementer dalam pemberian intervensi keperawatan di rumah sakit untuk menurunkan kecemaasan pasien terutama pada saat pertama kali melakukan kemoterapi. Background : Chemotherapy make patients who diagnosed with cancer have feelings of aneasy, anxiety and fear of the shadows of death that haunts every time. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Spiritual Guided imagery and music (SGIM) on the anxiety of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Method : This is a Quasi experimental research study with one group pre and post test design with control group design. The study was conducted in a chemotherapy room in 30 patients who received SGIM therapy and 30 as a control group. Anxiety scores were measured 3 times: 1 day and 30 minutes before chemotherapy and 1 day after chemotherapy. Anxiety is measured using the Hamilton Anciety Rating Scale (HARS). Data were analyzed by GLM repeated mesure test with SPSS 21. Results : as many as 73.3% and 26.7 patients had severe and moderate anxiety during the pre test becoming moderate anxiety (56.7%) and mild anxiety (43.3%) at the measurement 30 minutes before chemotherapy and at the end of the measurement had mild anxiety (63.4%) and (33,3 %) had no anxiety, and the rest 3.3% still have experience of severe anxiety in the SGIM group. The Analysis of GLM repeated measure test with post hock banferoni known p value = 0.001, with the r sguare value = 0.29. This shows that there is an effect of SGIM on anxiety reduction of cancer patients during chemotherapy with a contribution of 29% ,and the rest are affected by other variables. Conclusion : SGIM Therapy reduces anxiety of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. The research recommendation is that SGIM can be applied as one of the complementary therapies in providing nursing interventions in hospitals to reduce patient anxiety, especially at the first time undergoing chemotherapy

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Finch, Katherine, e David A. Moscovitch. "Imagery-Based Interventions for Music Performance Anxiety: An Integrative Review". Medical Problems of Performing Artists 31, n.º 4 (1 de dezembro de 2016): 222–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2016.4040.

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Many musicians experience debilitating music performance anxiety (MPA). Outside music performance, imagery-based interventions have been incorporated into treatment protocols to help individuals, including athletes and those with social anxiety, manage heightened levels of anxiety in order to excel in performance-based domains. Despite the frequent use of mental imagery in MPA interventions and its importance as a mental rehearsal technique for musicians, no existing reviews have examined the literature on imagery-based interventions for MPA. The primary aim of this review was to analyze the existing MPA literature in order to summarize what is known about the efficacy and mechanisms of pre-performance mental imagery exercises. A literature search yielded eight studies that used imagery-based interventions for MPA, in both student and professional musicians, which included three dissertations and five peer-reviewed journal articles. In extant MPA treatment research, pre-performance imagery is often used in conjunction with other techniques in order to alleviate anxiety. Arousal imagery refers to imagining one’s state of arousal during performance and has been incorporated into MPA interventions in various ways that guide musicians to anticipate the heightened arousal that accompanies performance, predominantly through imagery-based relaxation techniques. However, methodological limitations make it impossible to determine whether imagery is itself an active ingredient of treatment that underlies symptom changes, or whether relaxation imagery is the most effective use of pre-performance imagery for all musicians. There is much need for future well-controlled studies to examine whether and how imagery affects MPA independent of the other therapy components and techniques with which it is commonly combined.

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Ackerman, Catherine J., e Beatrice Turkoski. "CE Test: Using Guided Imagery to Reduce Pain and Anxiety". Home Healthcare Nurse 18, n.º 8 (setembro de 2000): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004045-200009000-00011.

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Tolgou, T., S. Rohrmann, C. Stockhausen, D. Krampen, I. Warnecke e N. Reiss. "Physiological and psychological effects of imagery techniques on health anxiety". Psychophysiology 55, n.º 2 (23 de agosto de 2017): e12984. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/psyp.12984.

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