Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Anti-Oxidation"

AN ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION OF TITLE: (OPTIMIZATION PROTECTION OF CARBOB-CARBON COMPOSITES DISC-BRAKES MATERIAL BY COATING WITH ANTI-OXIDANTS) Developing glass enhancer mixture solutions (Ki’s), which promote the formation of a stable glass layer, homogenous clear liquid solution, and low viscosity liquid form, are easy to apply, and penetrating. They are compatible with ceramic liquid glass based anti-oxidants for treating surfaces of carbon/carbon composites material, and significantly increase the rate of protection against oxidation. Ki’s’ are comprised of mixing chemical compositions at standard temperature and pressure conditions from group one and two such as Na, K, Ca, Mg, etc. of 5 to 25 wt. %, deionized water from 95 to 75 % by weight, and adding up to 1 % by weight of surfactants such as DF-16, DF-20, and CF-10 with specific proportions, and followed by thorough stirring to produce a homogeneous blend of mixture solution. The glass enhancers, which are aqueous mixture solutions, are applied to the surfaces of carbon/carbon (C/C) composites by dipping, brushing, spraying, or other painting application techniques, followed by annealing, or a heat-treating range of 80 to 110 ℃ for a minimum of 8 hours, and allowing cooling time of the coated C/C composites of a minimum of 12 hours to room temperature. Preferential compatibility of the glass enhancer mixture solutions (Ki's) is with liquid glass former's, anti-oxidants comprised mostly of borate and phosphate glasses. The glass enhancer solution mixtures (Ki’s) are supplemental additions to ceramics’ liquid anti-oxidants coatings used for carbon-carbon composites protection against oxidation, and it will increase the rate of protection against oxidation for low, and moderate temperature’s range from 400 to 900 ℃. The glass enhancer Ki’s mixture solutions should be used with liquid glass former's’ anti-oxidants, such as SiO₂, GeO₂, B₂O₃, and P₂O₅. A series of glass enhancer’s Ki’s, heat treatment cycle (char-cycle) ranged between 700 to 900 ℃, and application methods, were developed and tested experimentally. Two arbitrary isothermal temperatures of 650 ℃, and 871 ℃ were selected for thermal oxidation testing, and a temperature of 650 ℃ was selected, and tested against catalytic thermal oxidation. Additions of glass enhancer Ki’s improved protection of C/C composites disc-brakes against oxidation by double, and triple amount of time in hours versus the use of anti-oxidant coatings alone.

Carbon/Carbon (C/C) composite is defined as a carbon fiber reinforced carbon matrix. Since 1958 research has been carried out on the C/C composites. The main reason for the development of new C/C composites is the number of advantages it has to offer when compared with the regular materials. The areas where C/C composites are being used extensively are aerospace, military, etc. These C/C composites have better physical, mechanical, thermal properties when compared to steel. That is the reason C/C brakes made a huge impact in the aerospace industry. The main drawback associated with the C/C brakes which are used in aerospace applications is the oxidation of the composite at higher temperatures. Also other problem linked with the C/C brake is the migration of the inhibitors on to the friction surface of the brake which can eventually decrease the friction coefficient of the brake material. So, characterizing the commercially available Anti-Oxidant(A/O) system, developing a new A/O system which can not only provide better oxidation protection, but also an improved anti-oxidant migration resistance will be our main goal of this project.

Carbon-carbon composite brakes are one third the weight of typical steel brakes, and they attain strength and frictional properties at temperatures up to 1600°C. C/C composite brakes can endure high temperatures, but in the presence of oxygen they will begin to oxidize at 400°C. Anti-oxidant systems must be applied to the non-rubbing surfaces of the C/C composite stators and rotors to prevent oxidation. Currently, commercial phosphorus based coating materials are made of crystalline metal phosphates that are derived from heat treated phosphoric acid-based liquid precursors painted on the non-rubbing surface of C/C composites. These crystalline metal phosphate coatings are very porous and tend to move to the friction surface when exposed to increased levels of relative humidity. This anti-oxidant migration towards the rubbing surface causes a drop in frictional properties. Migration reduction and oxidation inhibition was improved upon with advanced anti-oxidant systems. The advanced antioxidants analyzed protected the C/C composite from thermal and catalytic oxidation six to ten times better at 650°C than commercial materials. At 871°C, the antioxidants protected the C/C composite from thermal oxidation ten times better than commercial materials. Migration of the antioxidant to the rubbing surfaces was eliminated through the use of advanced antioxidant compositions. The predicted life of the antioxidants was modeled using Avrami's equation. Characterization of the antioxidants was further analyzed through the use of SEM, EDS, and XRD systems.

The thesis mainly focused on the implementation of advanced oxidation processes for the elimination of three non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-ketoprofen, naproxen and piroxicam in waters. The three compounds are among the most used medicines, whose presence in waters poses a potential ecotoxicological risk. Due to the low pharmaceuticals removal efficiency of traditional wastwater treatement plants, worldwide concerns and calls are raised for efficient and eco-friendly technologies. Advanced oxidation processes, such as ozonation-biofiltration, electro-Fenton and anodic oxidation processes, which attracted a growing interest over the last two decades, could achieve almost complete destruction of the pollutants studied. Firstly, removal of selected pharmaceuticals from tap water was investigated by electrochemical advanced oxidation processes "electro-Fenton" and "anodic oxidation" with Pt or boron-doped diamond anode and carbon felt cathode at lab-scale. Removal rates and minieralization current efficencies under different operatioanl conditions were analysed. Meanwhile, intermediates produced during the mineralization were also identified, which helps to propose plausible oxidation pathway of each compound in presence of *OH. Finally, the evolution of the global toxicity of treated solutions was monitored using Microtox method, based on the fluorescence inhibition of Vibrio fischeri bacteria. In the second part, the three nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory molecules added in organics-free or surface water were treated under varying ozone treatment regimes with the quite well established technology ozone/biofiltration. A bench-scale biological film was employed to determine the biodegradability of chemical intermediates formed in ozonized surface water. Identification of intermediates formed during the processes and bacterial toxicity monitoring were conducted to assess the pharmaceuticals degradation pathway and potential biological effects, respectively

La thèse a porté principalement sur la mise en œuvre de procédés d'oxydation avancée permettant l'élimination de trois anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens, le kétoprofène, le naproxène et le piroxicam dans l'eau. Ces trois composés sont parmi les médicaments les plus utilisés, dont la présence dans les eaux naturelles présente potentiellement un risque toxicologique. En raison de la faible efficacité d'élimination des produits pharmaceutiques par les stations traditionnels de traitement des eaux usées, les scientifiques se sont mis à la recherche de technologies de traitements efficaces et respectueuses de l'environnement. Les procédés d'oxydation avancée, comme l'ozonation-biofiltration, l'électro-Fenton et l'oxydation anodique peuvent permettre d'atteindre la destruction presque complète des polluants étudiés et de ce fait ils ont suscité un intérêt grandissant au cours des deux dernières décennies. Tout d'abord, ce travail s'intéresse à l'élimination de certains produits pharmaceutiques dans des solutions synthétiques préparées dans l'eau de robinet à l'aide des procédés électro-Fenton et oxydation anodique dans une cellule électrochimique équipée d'une anode de platine ou de diamant dopé au bore et d'une cathode de feutre de carbone. Cette étude a été menée à l'échelle du laboratoire. Les vitesses d'élimination des molécules pharmaceutiques ainsi que le degré de minéralisation des solutions étudiées ont été déterminées sous différentes conditions opératoires. Pendant ce temps, les sous-produits de l'oxidation générés au cours de la minéralisation ont également été identifiés, ce qui nous a permis de proposer les voies d'oxydation possible pour chaque composé pharmaceutique en présence du radical hydroxyl •OH. Enfin, l'évolution de la toxicité au cours des traitements a été suivie en utilisant la méthode Microtox, basée sur l'inhibition de la fluorescence des bactéries Vibrio fischeri. Dans la deuxième partie de ce travail de thèse, les trois anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens ont été ajoutés dans une eau déminéralisée ou dans une eau de surface. Ces eaux ont été traitées à l'aide de différentes doses d'ozone; puis le traitement à l'ozone à été combiné à un traitement biologique par biofiltration. Un biofilm biologique déposé à la surface d'un filtre de charbon actif a été utilisé pour déterminer la biodégradabilité des sous-produits d'oxydation formés dans les eaux de surface ozonée. L'identification des intermédiaires formés lors des processus de traitement et des contrôles de toxicité bactérienne ont été menées pour évaluer la voie de dégradation des produits pharmaceutiques et des effets biologiques potentiels, respectivement
The thesis mainly focused on the implementation of advanced oxidation processes for the elimination of three non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-ketoprofen, naproxen and piroxicam in waters. The three compounds are among the most used medicines, whose presence in waters poses a potential ecotoxicological risk. Due to the low pharmaceuticals removal efficiency of traditional wastwater treatement plants, worldwide concerns and calls are raised for efficient and eco-friendly technologies. Advanced oxidation processes, such as ozonation-biofiltration, electro-Fenton and anodic oxidation processes, which attracted a growing interest over the last two decades, could achieve almost complete destruction of the pollutants studied. Firstly, removal of selected pharmaceuticals from tap water was investigated by electrochemical advanced oxidation processes “electro-Fenton” and “anodic oxidation” with Pt or boron-doped diamond anode and carbon felt cathode at lab-scale. Removal rates and minieralization current efficencies under different operatioanl conditions were analysed. Meanwhile, intermediates produced during the mineralization were also identified, which helps to propose plausible oxidation pathway of each compound in presence of •OH. Finally, the evolution of the global toxicity of treated solutions was monitored using Microtox method, based on the fluorescence inhibition of Vibrio fischeri bacteria. In the second part, the three nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory molecules added in organics-free or surface water were treated under varying ozone treatment regimes with the quite well established technology ozone/biofiltration. A bench-scale biological film was employed to determine the biodegradability of chemical intermediates formed in ozonized surface water. Identification of intermediates formed during the processes and bacterial toxicity monitoring were conducted to assess the pharmaceuticals degradation pathway and potential biological effects, respectively

4’ -ester analogues of resveratrol were synthesized using reaction conditions developed to produce mono-ester products in the presence of two other unprotected phenols. Basic conditions were employed to deprotonate the most acidic 4’ phenol followed by addition of anhydrides or acid chlorides to give the ester product. The reaction favored 4’-ester formation in polar aprotic solvents with DMSO being the optimal solvent. (—)-Englerin A is a guaiane-type sesquiterpene containing two ester side chains. Mimics of (—)-englerin A were proposed that retained the ester side chains while replacing the non-polar core with less complicated structures. These proposed mimic cores would maintain the three-dimensional positioning of the esters which are responsible for the anti-cancer activity of (—)-englerin A. Three mimics were synthesized using the bicyclic terpenes borneol and fenchol. Installation of the second ester on the terpene core was accomplished throught the development and optimization of a unique methylene oxidation using chromium trioxide in glacial acetic acid. These mimics were screened against two kidney cancer cell lines. The compounds were shown to have IC50 (inhibitory concentration for 50 % of cells) values above 30 µM.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
The use of PET as a support material for TiO2 films in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for water treatment was investigated. A green, low-cost immobilization procedure was developed and the amount of deposited photocatalyst ranged from 0.036 to 0.202 mg per cm2 PET. Photocatalytic activity of the films was evidenced by degrading paracetamol solutions under UV radiation. The highest kinetic constants were observed for at least 0.09 mg TiO2 per cm2 PET. Scan Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses indicated 0.15 mg TiO2 per cm2 PET as enough to provide complete covering of the PET support. Characterization analyses were performed with a film after 30 h of use in a UV/TiO2/O3 reactor. According to SEM analyses, the photocatalyst was not detached from the PET support, while EDX and gravimetric data indicated the possibility of the TiO2 to have been contaminated by compounds present in the solution during the treatment. Further experiments were performed, concerning the study of the degradation of the pharmaceuticals paracetamol, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and naproxen. Degradation studies were carried out in a pilot-scale reactor, by using several AOPâs, namely direct photolysis, heterogeneous photocatalysis, and ozonation, either individually or simultaneously. Special attention was given to the identification of significant factors considered, in order to contribute to the optimization of systems in which such AOPs or their combination can be used. Also, the detection and indication of degradation products is presented.
O uso de PET (politereftalato de etileno) como material de suporte para filmes de TiO2 foi estudado. Um procedimento de baixo custo e ambientalmente correto foi desenvolvido para a obtenÃÃo dos filmes e a quantidade de fotocatalisador depositada variou de 0,036 a 0,202 mg por cm2 de PET. A atividade fotocatalÃtica dos filmes obtidos foi evidenciada por ensaios de degradaÃÃo de paracetamol sob radiaÃÃo UV. As maiores constantes cinÃticas foram observadas quando 0.09 mg de TiO2 ou mais foram depositados por cm2 PET. AnÃlises por microscopia eletrÃnica de varredura (MEV) e energia dispersive de raios-X (EDX) indicaram que 0,15 mg de TiO2 por cm2 de PET foram suficientes para completa cobertura do suporte. AnÃlises de caracterizaÃÃo tambÃm foram realizadas em filmes com mais de 30 h de uso em sistema UV/TiO2/O3. De acordo com as anÃlises de MEV, o fotocatalisador nÃo foi removido do suporte de PET, enquanto dados de EDX e de anÃlise gravimÃtrica indicaram a probabilidade de contaminaÃÃo dos filmes por compostos presentes na soluÃÃo durante o tratamento. Outros experimentos foram realizados, relacionados ao estudo da degradaÃÃo dos fÃrmacos paracetamol, ibuprofeno, cetoprofeno e naproxeno. Os estudos de degradaÃÃo foram realizados em reator em escala piloto, utilizando-se diversos POAs (fotÃlise direta, fotocatÃlise heterogÃnea, ozonizaÃÃo) de forma individual ou simultaneamente. AtenÃÃo especial foi dada à identificaÃÃo dos fatores significativos, dentre aqueles considerados nos ensaios, de modo a contribuir para a otimizaÃÃo de sistemas em que estes POAs venham a ser utilizados. A detecÃÃo e indicaÃÃo de provÃveis produtos de degradaÃÃo tambÃm à apresentada.

No presente trabalho são relatados os resultados obtidos através de ensaios de caracterização para os diferentes tipos de óleos vegetais estudados, no estado novo e puro, tais como viscosidade, número de acidez, índice de iodo, índice de saponificação, espectroscopia por infravermelho e curvas de resfriamento. Os mesmos ensaios foram realizados com as amostras de óleo de soja com diferentes concentrações de aditivos anti-oxidantes. As diferentes formulações feitas com óleo de soja foram submetidas ao um processo de envelhecimento acelerado, e após esse processo de oxidação, foram realizados novamente os mesmos ensaios. Pode-se então, comparar qual amostra sofreu menor oxidação durante um mesmo tempo de envelhecimento. Assim, pode-se verificar qual aditivo anti-oxidante obteve melhor desempenho, retardando o processo de oxidação no óleo de soja.
In this work has studied different types of vegetable oils such cotton, canola, sunflower, corn and soybean. Characterization in terms of viscosity, number of acidity, index of iodine, index of saponification and by infrared spectroscopy, were performed. Cooling performance was also evaluated. Those tests were performed before and after oxidation. Oxidation of the oils were obtained using a special apparatus, provoking degradation after 72 hours of test. Different formulations using soybean oil and antioxidants additivation were also evaluated. Better performance in terms of oxidation resistance was obtained with formulation 1% Irganox L109.

Les travaux de cette thèse CIFRE, effectuée en collaboration entre l'UCCS et l'entreprise Mersen Gennevilliers, ont porté sur la compréhension de la protection anti-oxydation (PAO) du graphite, sur la résistance à l'exsudation du graphite protégé et sur l'élaboration de nouvelles formulations de protection. Le graphite étudié est utilisé dans le secteur aéronautique. La PAO est constituée d'une solution d'aluminophosphates imprégnée dans la porosité du graphite de façon à en protéger le volume complet. La protection obture en partie la porosité et limite l'accès aux sites actifs du graphite. Le procédé industriel d'imprégnation a été transposé au laboratoire, ce qui a permis de comparer le comportement de la PAO dans la porosité du graphite et en creuset. L'effet du traitement thermique, de l'humidité, du rapport P/Al et de la porosité sur les phases présentes a été investigué par RMN et DRX. Les pièces de graphite imprégnées étant sujettes à une dégradation en conditions hydrothermales, une phase résistante a été identifiée et stabilisée dans la porosité en faisant varier le rapport P/Al de la solution. De nouvelles formulations de PAO, où une partie de l'aluminium a été substitué par différents cations, ont été testées, et leurs performances comparées avec une solution d'aluminophophates seule, mais elles n'ont pas mené à une amélioration de la protection anti-oxydation
This work has been conducted in collaboration between UCCS and the company Mersen Gennevilliers. The aims were to investigate the existing anti-oxidation protection (AOP) of graphite and to elaborate new protective formulations. The graphite in this study is aeronautics applications. The AOP consists of an aluminophosphate solution impregnated into the porosity of the graphite to protect the entire volume. This protection seals the porosity and limits access to the active sites of the graphite. The industrial impregnation process was replicated in the laboratory, allowing a comparison of the behavior of AOP within the porosity and in a crucible (using XRD and NMR). The effect of the thermal treatment, humidity, the P/Al ratio, and porosity on its thermal evolution was investigated. The impregnated graphite pieces are regularly exposed to degradation under hydrothermal conditions. Therefore, a stable phase was stabilized within the porosity by varying the P/Al ratio of the solution. New formulations of AOP, in which a portion of the aluminum was substituted with different cations, were also tested and their performance compared with a solution of pure aluminophosphates. The new formulations did not lead to an improvement in anti-oxidation protection but provided insights into the behavior of the aluminophosphate solution within a crucible and the porosity

Les objectifs de cette thèse sont d’une part d'étudier les effets d’un traitement thermique et de l’environnement physico-chimique sur la stabilité de 6 flavonoïdes de structure différente et sur l'évolution de leur activité anti-oxydante. Les conditions du traitement thermique ont été les suivantes : (i) chauffage dans des conditions isothermes durant 2h pour des températures allant de 30 à 130°C et (ii) chauffage dans des conditions non isothermes par microcalorimétrie (de 30 à 130°C, 4°C/ heure). Les flavonoïdes ont été solubilisés dans de l’eau. Nous avons constaté que les flavonoïdes glycosylés sont plus résistants que les flavonoïdes aglycones. Les énergies d'activation de dégradation calculées dépendent aussi de la structure du flavonoïde. Pour se dégrader, les flavonoïdes glycosylés ont besoin d’une énergie élevée par rapport à la forme aglycone. L’exposition à la lumière a été réalisée durant 15 jours avec et sans oxygène, le témoin de l’expérience étant un stockage à l’obscurité avec et sans oxygène. La dégradation des flavonoïdes est influencée par la présence de lumière et par la quantité d'oxygène. Les molécules ont une sensibilité différente en fonction de leur structure, le classement suivant est obtenu d’après : naringine, ériodictyol puis rutine, lutéoline, lutéoline 7-O-glucoside et enfin le mesquitol. En effet, la présence d'un groupe hydroxyle en position 3 et une double liaison C2-C3 diminue la stabilité des flavonoïdes. En outre, il a été observé que, malgré la dégradation totale de certains flavonoïdes par le traitement thermique et l’environnement physico-chimique, les solutions traitées conservent une activité anti-oxydante
The objectives of this thesis are to study the effects of a heat treatment and the physicochemical environment on the stability of 6 flavonoids of different structure and on the evolution of their antioxidant activity. The heat treatment conditions were as follows: (i) heating under isothermal conditions for 2 h at temperatures ranging from 30 to 130 ° C and (ii) heating under non-isothermal conditions by microcalorimetry (30 to 130 ° C, 4 ° C / hour). The flavonoids were solubilized in water. We found that the glycosylated flavonoids are more resistant than the aglyconic flavonoids. The calculated degradation activation energies also depend on the structure of the flavonoid. To degrade, glycosylated flavonoids require high energy relative to the aglycone form. Exposure to light was carried out for 15 days with and without oxygen, the experimental control being a dark storage with and without oxygen. The degradation of flavonoids is influenced by the presence of light and by the amount of oxygen. The molecules have a different sensitivity according to their structure, the following classification is obtained according to: naringine, ériodictyol then rutin, luteolin, luteolin 7-O-glucoside and finally the mesquitol. Indeed, the presence of a hydroxyl group at position 3 and a C2-C3 double bond reduces the stability of the flavonoids. Furthermore, it has been observed that, despite the total degradation of certain flavonoids by the heat treatment and the physical-chemical environment, the treated solutions retain an antioxidant activity

Des revêtements multicouche anticorrosion, ou peintures anticorrosion, sont utilisés dans de nombreuses applications industrielles telles que la protection d’emballages métalliques utilisés pour le transport ou l’entreposage de matériaux radioactifs. En conditions d’usage, les propriétés fonctionnelles de ces peintures peuvent être dégradées sous l’effet de la température et des conditions environnementales (lumière, dioxygène, humidité, …). Ces évolutions ont été attribuées au vieillissement des différentes couches de peinture constituant le revêtement anticorrosion (vernis de structure acrylique-siloxane, sous couches de type résine époxydique à durcisseur amine). Afin de mener à bien cette étude, une approche dite « multi-échelle ascendante » a été développée. Cette méthodologie, initialement focalisée sur la modification des propriétés physico-chimiques des polymères vierges constituant chaque couche du revêtement (depuis l’évolution de la structure chimique et de l’architecture macromoléculaire, vers les propriétés fonctionnelles), est ensuite progressivement complexifiée par l’ajout d’additifs à la formulation des peintures (pigments, particules barrières à l’oxydation ou anticorrosion, …) avant que le revêtement multicouche complet ne soit analysé dans son ensemble. Ce travail de thèse vise à identifier et à corréler les modifications de la structure chimique et de l’architecture macromoléculaire des différentes couches de peinture responsables de la modification des propriétés fonctionnelles du revêtement anticorrosion
Anti-corrosive multilayer coatings, or anti-corrosive paints, are used in several industrial applications such as metallic package protection used for transportation or storage of radioactive materials. In working conditions, functional properties of these paints could be degraded under the influence heat or environmental conditions (light, oxygen, moisture …). Such evolutions had been attributed to the aging of the different paint layers that constituted the anticorrosive coating (acrylic-siloxane topcoat, epoxy resin with amine hardener undercoats). In order to properly carry out this study, a « bottom-up multiscale approach » has been developed. This methodology, initially focused on the physico-chemical modifications of neat polymers that constituted each layer of the coating (from chemical structure and macromolecular architecture evolutions to functional properties), is then complexified by adding filers to the paint formulations (pigments, barrier or anti-corrosive particles …). The complete multilayer coating analyses are the last steps of that methodology. The aim of this thesis is to identify and correlate the evolution of anti-corrosive multilayer coating functional properties to the chemical and architectural modifications in each different layer

A geração de resíduos sólidos pelas atividades agroindustriais tem criado a demanda por um reaproveitamento tecnológico desses materiais. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial bioativo e tecnológico de resíduos agroindustriais, como fontes naturais de compostos fenólicos com atividade antioxidante. Foram analisados resíduos agroindustriais vinícolas, de indústrias produtoras de polpas congeladas de frutas (açaí, cajá, cupuaçu e graviola) e provenientes do beneficiamento de café e de laranja. Inicialmente, foi realizado um estudo para a determinação das condições ótimas de extração, empregando planejamento experimental multivariado com delineamento composto central rotacional, cujos resultados foram avaliados empregando a técnica de superfície de resposta. Na sequência, foram feitos a triagem dos resíduos, baseada na atividade antioxidante, e a caracterização fenólica dos extratos hidroalcoólicos obtidos dos resíduos agroindustriais. De acordo com os resultados de atividade antioxidante, engaço de uva da variedade Chenin Blanc (EC) e semente de açaí (SA) foram os resíduos selecionados, os quais seguiram para as etapas de concentração e fracionamento bioguiado de sua(s) molécula(s) bioativa(s), as quais foram posteriormente identificadas por UHPLC-ESI-LTQ-MS. Extratos brutos e concentrados foram avaliados in vitro quanto à capacidade de desativação de espécies reativas de oxigênio (radicais peroxila, ânion superóxido e ácido hipocloroso) e então, aplicados em óleo de soja, emulsão e suspensão de lipossomos, a fim de se avaliar a efetividade desses extratos como antioxidante natural em matrizes lipídicas. Concentrações intermediárias de etanol (40-60%) e alta temperatura (96°C), exceto para semente de açaí (25°C), foram as condições ótimas para a extração de antioxidantes dos resíduos agroindustriais. Epicatequina, ácido gálico, catequina e procianidina B1 foram os compostos de maior ocorrência, quando avaliados pela técnica de HPLC-DAD. O EC apresentou a maior atividade antioxidante global e SA a maior atividade entre os resíduos de polpas de frutas, laranja e café. A concentração dos extratos brutos de EC e SA, pela resina Amberlite XAD®-2, produziu aumento significativo da atividade antioxidante. Além disso, extratos brutos e concentrados apresentaram atividade antiproliferativa e anti-inflamatória. Os extratos concentrados foram fracionados por meio de Sephadex LH-20, a partir da qual foi possível identificar quatro frações de maior bioatividade para o EC e três para o SA. Procianidina B1, catequina, epicatequina e resveratrol foram identificados no extrato concentrado e frações de EC. Dezoito procianidinas poliméricas, catequina, epicatequina foram os principais compostos identificados em SA, por meio de UHPLC-ESI-LTQ-MS. Resveratrol também foi encontrado em SA pela primeira vez. Quando avaliados em óleo de soja, EC e SA demonstraram atividade pro-oxidante. Contudo, elevada atividade antioxidante foi verificada quando essas amostras foram aplicadas em sistemas lipídicos coloidais, pois retardaram o consumo de oxigênio em uma emulsão óleo/água e o período de indução na produção de dienos conjugados em uma suspensão de lipossomos. Portanto, os resíduos agroindustriais EC e SA possuem potencial tecnológico de reaproveitamento industrial podendo ser considerados possíveis matérias-primas para a obtenção de extratos ricos em antioxidantes ou pela extração de antioxidantes naturais de uso pelas indústrias farmacêutica e/ou de alimentos.
The solid waste generation by agroindustrial activities have created the demand for a technology reuse of these materials. The objective of this study was to evaluate the bioactive and technological potential of agroindustrial residues as sources of phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity. Agroindustrial residues from wineries, from industries producing frozen fruit pulps (acai, caja, cupuaçu and soursop) and from the processing of coffee and orange, were analyzed. Initially, a study using a multivariate experimental planning with central composite rotatable design was performed, whose results were evaluated by response surface technique. After, it was made the screening based on the antioxidant activity and the phenolic characterization of hydroalcoholic extracts of optimized agroindustrial residues. According to the results obtained for the antioxidant activity the residues grape stem from the variety Chenin Blanc (EC) and açaí seed (SA) were selected and followed to the steps of concentration and bioguided fractionation of their(s) molecule(s) bioactive(s), which were subsequently identified by UHPLC-ESI-LTQ-MS. Crude and concentrated extracts were evaluated in vitro for the deactivation capability of reactive oxygen species (peroxyl radicals, superoxide and hypochlorous acid) and then applied to soybean oil, emulsion and liposome suspension in order to evaluate the effectiveness these extracts as natural antioxidant in lipid matrices. Intermediate concentrations of ethanol (40-60%) and high temperature (96 °C), except for acai seed (25 °C) were the optimal conditions for the extraction of antioxidants from agroindustrial residues. Epicatechin, gallic acid, catechin and procyanidin B1 compounds were the most frequent molecules, when assessed by HPLC-DAD. The EC had the highest overall antioxidant activity and SA the greatest activity between residues of fruit pulp, orange and coffee. Concentration of the crude extracts of EC and SA, by Amberlite XAD®-2 resin, produced a significant increase in antioxidant activity. Furthermore, crude and concentrated extracts showed antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory activity. The concentrated extracts were fractionated by Sephadex LH-20, from which it was possible to identify four fractions of greater bioactivity for the EC and three for SA. Procyanidin B1, catechin, epicatechin and resveratrol were identified in the concentrated extract and EC fractions. Eighteen polymeric procyanidins, catechin, epicatechin were the major compounds identified in SA by UHPLC-ESI-LTQ-MS. Resveratrol has also been found for the first time in SA. When evaluated in soybean oil, EC and SA demonstrated pro-oxidant activity. However, high antioxidant activity was observed when these samples were evaluated on lipid colloidal systems, for delayed oxygen consumption in an emulsion oil/water and the induction period in the production of conjugated dienes in a liposome suspension. Therefore, the agroindustrial residues EC and SA have technological potential for industrial reuse and, thus, can be considered as raw material for obtaining antioxidant-rich extracts or by extraction of natural antioxidants useful for pharmaceutical and/or food industries.

O estudo de determinada espécie vegetal com fins medicinais é uma tarefa multidisciplinar que envolve a realização de pesquisas físicas, químicas e biológicas. Neste contexto, estudos farmacológicos e toxicológicos possuem papel de destaque pois permitem avaliar parâmetros como segurança e eficácia do medicamento, essenciais para o paciente e necessários para o registro aos órgãos reguladores. Lychnophora ericoides (arnica da serra), uma espécie endêmica no Brasil, é amplamente utilizada pela medicina tradicional para o tratamento de dor e inflamação. Por outro lado, a espécie carece de estudos para comprovar sua segurança e propriedades terapêuticas. Assim, os objetivos deste trabalho são: realizar ensaios farmacológicos in vivo para avaliar as propriedades analgésica (modelo da contorção abdominal induzida por ácido acético em camundongos e teste da formalina em ratos), antiinflamatória (edema de pata induzido por carragenina em ratos) e antipirética (febre induzida por LPS em ratos) de frações polares de L. ericoides e do ácido clorogênico (CGA, ácido 5-cafeoilquínico); avaliar o efeito de metabólitos secundários de L. ericoides sobre a síntese de mediadores inflamatórios produzidos por células U-937 cultivadas in vitro; e estudar o metabolismo oxidativo destes metabólitos em reações catalisadas por metaloporfirinas sintéticas (sistema biomimético do citocromo P450) e por mitocôndrias isoladas de fígado de ratos. Os resultados obtidos nos ensaios farmacológicos mostram que as propriedades farmacológicas do vegetal estão distribuídas em partes distintas da planta. Enquanto as raízes são predominantemente analgésicas, as folhas são tanto analgésicas como antiinflamatórias. Ainda, o ACG possui propriedades tanto analgésica como antiinflamatória, mas não antipirética. Quanto ao efeito dos metabólitos secundários sobre a produção de mediadores inflamatórios, observa-se que a vicenina-2 (VIC-2) é capaz de reduzir significativamente o mediador prostaglandina E2 (PGE2). Este efeito da VIC-2 sobre a PGE2 não decorre da inibição da transcrição/tradução da enzima cicloxigenase-2 e também não decorre da inibição direta da atividade catalítica da enzima. Baixas concentrações do ácido 3,5-dicafeoilquínico e do ácido 4,5-dicafeoilquínico possuem efeito moderado sobre a produção de PGE2, enquanto altas doses levam a um aumento da produção do mediador. Além disso, os ácidos dicafeoilquínicos mencionados e o ácido 3,4,5-tricafeoilquínico são capazes de inibir significativamente a produção da proteína quimioatraente de monócitos-3 (MCP-3), envolvida na migração de células imunes para o foco inflamatório. O ACG é capaz de inibir algumas citocinas, como o fator de necrose tumoral-alfa, interleucina-6 e MCP-3. Por outro lado, seu metabólito oxidado majoritário OX-ACG, obtido nas reações biomiméticas com metaloporfirna, é inativo ou fracamente ativo sobre estes mediadores. Os resultados do metabolismo oxidativo do ACG por metaloporfirinas sintéticas mostram a formação de 3 metabólitos: hidroxilado, dicarbonilado e carbonilado (OX-ACG), sendo o último produzido majoritariamente neste sistema biomimético. O mesmo padrão de oxidação foi verificado nas reações de metabolismo oxidativo dos ácidos dicafeoilquínicos. Por fim, o único metabólito oxidado do ACG produzido por mitocôndrias de fígado de ratos corresponde ao metabólito carbonilado majoritário OX-ACG obtido das reações com metaloporfirina.
The scientific study of medicinal plants is a multidisciplinary task and involves many fields of knowledge such as physics, chemistry and biology. In this context, pharmacological and toxicological studies play an important role since they allow evaluating parameters such as safety and efficacy. These parameters have to be well established, being essential for the patient?s safety and mandatory for the regulatory agencies. Lychnophora ericoides (arnica da serra), an endemic plant from Brazil, is widely used in traditional medicine to treat pain and inflammation. On the other hand, the species still lacks solid information on its safety and therapeutic properties. Therefore, the goals of this study are: to perform in vivo pharmacological assays (acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice, formalin pain in rats, carrageenan-induced rat paw edema, LPS-induced fever in rats) with polar fractions from L. ericoides and also chlorogenic acid (CGA, 5-caffeoylquinic acid); to evaluate the effect of secondary metabolites from L. ericoides on the synthesis of inflammatory mediators produced by in vitro cultured U-937 cells; to study the oxidative metabolism of the metabolites aforementioned catalyzed by synthetic metalloporphyrin (cytochrome P450 biomimetic system) and also by rat liver mitochondria. The results obtained in the pharmacological assays show that the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities are distributed in distinct parts of the plant. Whereas the roots are predominantly analgesic, the leaves are both analgesic and anti-inflammatory. Also, CGA present both analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities but no antipyretic activity. When it comes to the effect of the secondary metabolites on the production of inflammatory mediators, vicenin-2 (VIC-2) is able to significantly inhibit PGE2 in a dose-dependent fashion. The effect exerted by VIC-2 on PGE2 is due neither to its inhibition on the synthesis of cycloxigenase-2 nor on the direct inhibition of the catalytic activity of the enzyme. Lower concentrations of 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acids present a slight inhibitory effect on PGE2 synthesis; however, increasing doses stimulate the production of the mediator. In addition, the dicaffeoylquinic acids and the 3,4,5-tricaffeoylquinic acid are able to significantly inhibit the production of the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-3 (MCP-3), involved in the migration of immune cells to the inflammatory site. CGA is able to inhibit some of the evaluated cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6 and MCP-3. On the other hand, the major oxidized metabolite from CGA (OX-CGA) obtained from the metalloporphyrin biomimetic reactions is inactive or weakly active on the production of such cytokines. The results obtained in the metalloporphyrin-catalyzed oxidation reactions of CGA show the formation of 3 metabolites: hydroxylated, dicarbonylated and carbonylated (OX-CGA), the last being the major compound obtained in this biomimetic system. The same oxidation pattern is observed in the biomimetic oxidation of the dicaffeoylquinic acids. Finally, the single CGA oxidized metabolite produced by rat liver mitochondria corresponds to the carbonylated metabolite OX-CGA obtained in the metalloporphyrin reactions.

Les travaux de cette thèse ont été menés en collaboration entre l’UCCS et l’entreprise Safran Landing Systems (Safran LS) et ont porté sur l’élaboration d’une nouvelle voie de protection anti-oxydation (PAO) pour des matériaux composites carbone/carbone (C/C) commercialisés comme composants de freins d’avion. Le principe de cette PAO innovante est basé sur une barrière de diffusion amorphe silicatée dite interne car appliquée sous la surface du composite C/C, combinée à une phase aluminophosphate qui joue un rôle piège pour les catalyseurs d’oxydation. Cette PAO est formée par l’imprégnation des porosités du composite C/C par un mélange de précurseurs liquide, suivi d’un traitement thermique. Plusieurs voies d’imprégnation du composite C/C ont été explorées : (i) une imprégnation séquentielle du composite C/C avec une première couche d’aluminophosphate et une deuxième couche de phase vitreuse (ou inversement) ou (ii) une imprégnation simultanée du matériau avec un mélange combinant les précurseurs des deux phases. Dans un premier temps, une étude des évolutions chimiques (par RMN, micro-tomographie X synchrotron et DRX) et morphologiques (par MEBE-HT) à haute température de l’aluminophosphate a été effectuée. Cette étude a permis de comprendre l’origine de la perte d’efficacité de l’aluminophosphate après un flash thermique à 1200 °C. Puis, pour les deux voies d’imprégnation que nous avons développées, des tests de performance des PAO ont été menées en condition industrielle et des caractérisations (par RMN, MEBE-HT, analyses thermiques ATD, ATG, HSM) ont permis de relier ces performances à la structure chimique des PAO. Nous avons montré que certaines formulations de PAO séquentielles permettent d’améliorer les performances anti-oxydation en comparaison aux performances d’une PAO industrielle basée seulement sur de l’aluminophosphate
This work has been developed as part of a collaboration between the UCCS laboratory and the Safran Landing Systems (Safran LS) company. The aim of this work was to elaborate a new anti-oxidation protection (AOP) for carbon/carbon (C/C) composites marketed as airplane brakes components. The principle of this innovative AOP is based on a so-called internal silicate vitreous diffusion barrier because it is applied under the surface of the C/C composite, combined with an aluminophosphate phase which has a trapping role for the oxidation catalysts. This PAO is formed by impregnating the porosities of the C/C composite with a liquid mixture of precursors, followed by a heat treatment. Several ways of impregnating the C/C composite have been explored: (i) a sequential impregnation of the C/C composite with a first layer of aluminophosphate and a second layer of vitreous phase (or vice versa) or (ii) a simultaneous impregnation of the material with a mixture combining the precursors of the two phases. First, a study of the chemical (by NMR, X-ray micro-tomography synchrotron and XRD) and morphological (by MEBE-HT) evolutions at high temperature of the aluminophosphate was carried out. This study allowed to understand the origin of the loss of efficiency of the aluminophosphate based AOP after a thermal flash at 1200 °C. Then, for the two impregnation routes that we have developed, AOP performance tests were carried out in industrial conditions and characterizations (by NMR, MEBE-HT, thermal analyzes ATD, ATG, HSM) made it possible to link these performances to the chemical structure of the AOP. We have shown that some sequential AOP formulations improve anti-oxidation performance compared to the performance of an industrial AOP based only on aluminophosphate

Fatigue and fracture assisted by the environment are responsible for the majority of failures in implants. Due to low tribological properties of titanium alloys, the thermal oxidation technique has been evaluated to improve the surface hardness and consequently, to improves the tribological properties of Ti6Al4V alloy. However, despite improved tribological properties of the Ti6Al4V alloy, there is a tendency to reduction of the fatigue limit of the oxide layer. The combined action of body fluid and cyclic loads also need to be investigated. This study evaluated the effect of thermal oxidation in the fatigue limit of the Ti6Al4V in environment containing 0.9% NaCl. It was observed a reduction in the fatigue limit for thermally oxidized Ti6Al4V alloy and it is suggested that the reduction in fatigue properties of alloy is associated with the brittleness of oxide layer.
Os processos de fadiga e fraturas assistidas pelo ambiente são responsáveis pela maioria das falhas em implantes. Devido às baixas propriedades tribológicas do titânio e suas ligas, a técnica de oxidação térmica tem ganhado destaque por conferir um aumento da dureza superficial e consequentemente melhorar as propriedades tribológicas da liga Ti6Al4V. Entretanto apesar da melhoria das propriedades tribológicas existe uma tendência na redução do limite de fadiga quando há presença de uma camada de óxido na superfície da liga Ti6Al4V. Ainda a ação combinada de fluidos corpóreos e de carregamento precisa ser investigada. Neste estudo foi avaliado o efeito da oxidação térmica combinado a aplicação de carregamento cíclico ao ar e em meio contendo 0,9 % NaCl. Foi observada uma redução no limite de resistência à fadiga para a liga Ti6Al4V oxidada termicamente. O meio contendo 0,9 % de NaCl não influenciou significativamente a resistência em fadiga de corpos de prova oxidados termicamente e sugere-se que a redução nas propriedades de fadiga da liga está associada à fragilidade da camada de óxido.

The water-to-oxygen redox couple, H2O/O2, powers our aerobic life through the fundamental processes of natural photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Despite its vital role, any failure of this four-electron mechanism turns out to release O2-derived toxic radicals, inducing a severe oxidative damages of any synthetic and biological materials exposed to the aerobic risk. The aerobic formation of ROS is due to oxygen reduction in-vivo, generating the superoxide anion (O2•–), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and the hydroxyl radical (HO•). ROS give rise to fast, barrier-less, short-range and non-selective oxidation steps, being responsible for the “oxidative stress”, a key factor for cellular death, organ failure and aging diseases. In addition photo-oxidative stress is one key factor limiting plant productivity, i.e. bio-mass and food yield. Noteworthy, ROS-forming mechanisms are also lethal for the stability of bio-inspired materials designed for artificial photosynthesis in vitro. The biological defense against ROS-induced cellular damage stems from the combined action of “anti-oxidant” metallo-enzymes, as superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). A detoxification cascade occurs via SOD-induced dismutation of O2•– into O2 and H2O2 which is then converted by CAT into H2O and O2 again. In this thesis will be presented the design of a set of novel anti-oxidant catalysts, based on different metal centers, that can emerge by the engineering of a synzyme with integrated SOD/CAT activity able to mimic both the enzymes activities and efficiently perform a complete ROS scavenging also in biological-like solution. The activity of the synzymes will be also tested in water splitting processes to perform both the water oxidation than the proton reduction reactions in water at neutral pH, a key feature to obtain sustainable energy sources from water. The obtained results will be divided in four main chapters: - Chapter 2: coupling of a polycationic Mn(III)-porphyrin, with a dinuclear Mn2(II,II)L2 core results in a dual Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) functional analog, Mn2L2Pn+, enabling a detoxification cascade of the superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide into benign H2O and O2. The SOD/CAT artificial manifolds, joined in one asset, exhibit a peak catalytic performance under physiological conditions, with log kcat(O2•–) ≥ 7 and kcat(H2O2)/KM = 1890. The dual-enzyme (di-zyme) concept allows for a unique, built-in-self-protection, against the irreversible bleaching of the porphyrin unit, (> 75% protection), readily induced by H2O2 (200 μM, 20 equivalents, in buffer solution, pH=7.8). We show herein that incubation of the photosynthetic green algae, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, with the synthetic di-zyme (as low as 0.1 μM), prevents H2O2 accumulation under high-light illumination conditions, thus providing an efficient anti-oxidant surveillance and photo-protection. - Chapter 3: dinuclear Cu(II)2L2 catalysts were synthesized and studied for their SOD/CAT activity. The goal of this study was to demonstrate that with a proper ligand set, is it possible tune the reactivity of an harmful metal like copper, turns it to a benign anti-oxidant system. The dinuclear copper complexes show SOD activity with logkcat up to 7.55 and CAT activity with rate of O2 production up to 4.4 μM/s. Kinetic studies of the process of hydrogen peroxide dismutation show also an evolution of the catalyst during the catalytic turnover. No evidence of oxidation of external substrates was also confirmed as consequence of the sacrificial internal scavenger. - Chapter 4: novel Fe(III)L, Fe(III)2L2 and Co2(II)L2 complexes have also been isolated. Preliminary results indicate that a multi-redox manifold is available for both species, however with scarce activity as ROS scavenger. These complexes show instead an interesting activity in the water oxidation process. In addition the anodic waves observed in reduction are promising for catalytic proton reduction processes performed by using directly water as proton source. - Chapter 5: application of oxygen evolving catalysts within functional materials has been explored in the field of porous membranes. This novel stimuli-responsive strategy against the irreversible fouling of porous materials and surfaces is based on the molecular design of catalytic pore walls that foster a chemo-mechanical, self-cleaning behaviour under neutral pH and mild conditions of pressure and temperature. To this aim, the catalase-like behaviour of the tetra-ruthenium substituted polyoxometalate, has been exploited for in-pore oxygen evolution so to induce an active fluid mixing and the displacement of foulant particles. The present study includes the fabrication of hybrid polymeric films with porous architecture embedding the tetra-ruthenium catalyst as artificial catalase to guarantee the material self-defence against pore occlusion and oxidative damage with aqueous H2O2 as mild chemical effector.
La coppia redox acqua-ossigeno, H2O/O2, alimenta la nostra vita aerobica attraverso i processi fondamentali della fotosintesi naturale e della respirazione cellulare. Nonostante il suo ruolo fondamentale, qualsiasi errore in questo meccanismo a quattro elettroni rilascia radicali O2-derivati tossici, inducendo gravi danni ossidativi ai materiali sintetici e biologici esposti. La formazione aerobica di ROS è dovuta alla riduzione dell'ossigeno in vivo, generando l'anione superossido (O2•-), perossido di idrogeno (H2O2) ed il radicale idrossile (HO•). I ROS danno origine ad una veloce ossidazione, senza barriere, a corto raggio e non selettiva, responsabile dello "stress ossidativo", un fattore chiave per la morte cellulare, insufficienza di organi e le malattie dell'invecchiamento. Inoltre lo stress foto-ossidativo è un fattore chiave che limita la produttività di piante, bio-masse e rese alimentari. Meccanismi ROS indotti sono anche letali per la stabilità dei materiali bio-ispirati progettati per fotosintesi artificiale in vitro. La difesa biologica contro i danni cellulari ROS indotti deriva dall'azione combinata di metallo-enzimi "anti-ossidanti", come la superossido dismutasi (SOD) e la catalasi (CAT). Il processo di disintossicazione avviene tramite la dismutazione SOD indotta di O2•- in O2 e H2O2 che viene poi convertita nuovamente da CAT in H2O e O2. In questa tesi verrà presentata la progettazione di una serie di nuovi catalizzatori antiossidanti, basati su differenti centri metallici, che possono derivare dalla progettazione di sinzimi con integrata attività SOD/CAT in grado di imitare entrambi gli enzimi ed eseguire efficientemente una completa rimozione di ROS in condizioni simili a quelle biologiche. L'attività dei sinzimi sarà testata inoltre nei processi di scissione dell'acqua per effettuare sia il processo di ossidazione dell'acqua che la riduzione di protoni in acqua a pH neutro, una caratteristica fondamentale per l’ottenimento fonti energetiche sostenibili dalla acqua. I risultati ottenuti saranno divisi in quattro capitoli principali: -Capitolo 2: l’unione di una porfirina policationica di Mn(III), con un sistema dinucleare Mn2(II,II)L2 risulta in un duplice analogo funzionale di superossido dismutasi (SOD) e catalasi (CAT), Mn2L2Pn+, consentendo una disintossicazione a cascata dell'anione superossido e del perossido di idrogeno in H2O e O2. I complessi SOD/CAT artificiali, uniti in un’unica struttura, mostrano un picco delle performance catalitiche in condizioni fisiologiche, con logkcat(O2•-) ≥ 7 e kcat(H2O2)/KM = 1890. Il concetto di doppio-enzima (di-zima) consente una autoprotezione unica, contro la degradazione irreversibile dell'unità porfirinica, (> protezione 75%), indotta rapidamente da H2O2 (200 μM, 20 equivalenti, in soluzione tampone, pH=7.8). Qui viene dimostrato che l'incubazione delle alghe verdi fotosintetiche, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, con il di-zima sintetico (a concentrazioni fino a 0,1 μM), previene l'accumulo di H2O2 in condizioni di elevata illuminazione, fornendo così un efficiente azione anti-ossidante e foto-protettiva. -Capitolo 3: sono stati sintetizzati e studiati dei catalizzatori binucleari Cu(II)2L2 per la loro attività SOD/CAT. L'obiettivo di questo studio è stato quello di dimostrare che con una serie di leganti adeguati, è possibile regolare la reattività di un metallo dannoso come il rame, trasformandolo in un sistema anti-ossidante. I complessi binucleari di rame mostrano un’attività SOD con logkcat fino a 7,55 e un'attività CAT con velocità di produzione di O2 fino a 4,4 μM/s. Studi cinetici del processo di dismutazione dell’acqua ossigenata mostrano una evoluzione del catalizzatore durante il turnover catalitico. Nessuna evidenza dell’ossidazione di substrati esterni è stata osservata grazie alla presenza di una funzionalità interna sacrificale. - Capitolo 4: sono stati isolati dei nuovi complessi Fe(III)L, Fe(III)2L2 e Co2(II)L2. I risultati preliminari indicano che le specie sono in grado di sostenere processi multi-elettronici, ma con scarsa attività nell’eliminazione di ROS. Questi complessi mostrano invece un'attività interessante nel processo di ossidazione dell'acqua. Inoltre le onde anodiche osservate in riduzione sono promettenti nel processo di riduzione catalitica dei protoni eseguito utilizzando direttamente acqua come fonte di protoni. - Capitolo 5: è stata esplorata l’applicazione nel campo dei materiali funzionali di catalizzatori che sviluppano ossigeno all'interno di membrane porose. Questa nuova strategia stimolo-risposta contro l'incrostazione irreversibile di materiali porosi e superfici si basa sulla progettazione molecolare di pori con pareti catalitiche che esibiscono proprietà autopulenti chemo-meccaniche a pH neutro e in condizioni blande di temperatura e pressione. A questo scopo, l’attività di catalasi di un poliossometallato tetra-rutenio sostituito, è stata sfruttata per lo sviluppo di ossigeno dai pori in modo da indurre una miscelazione attiva del fluido e la rimozione delle particelle sporcanti. Il presente studio prevede la realizzazione di film polimerici ibridi con un’architettura porosa contenenti il catalizzatore di tetra-rutenio come catalasi artificiale per garantire al materiale un meccanismo di auto-difesa contro l’occlusione dei pori e i danni ossidativi, impiegando una soluzione acquosa di H2O2 come stimolo chimico.

L'objectif des travaux de cette thèse a été d'explorer les bases moléculaires de l'effet de l'huile d'Argan (HA) sur le métabolisme lipidique au niveau mitochondriale et peroxysomale ainsi qu'élucider son potentiel anti-inflammatoire. Nous avons donc montré, dans un premier temps, que les méthodes artisanales préservaient les propriétés antioxydantes d'HA empêchant l'oxydation de l'acide férulique contrairement à l'HA d'origines commerciale. Ensuite, le traitement par l'HA ou par les lipopolysaccharides (LPS) de fibroblastes humains, un modèle cellulaire de la pseudo-adrénoleucodystrophie néonatale (P-NALD), révèle pour l'HA une prolifération des peroxysomes indépendante de l'activation du récepteur nucléaire PPARα et de son coactivateur PGC-1α. Par contre, l'induction de la prolifération de peroxysomes par les LPS est accompagnée d'une activation de PPAR et de PGC-1Parallèlement, une étude a été réalisée au niveau hépatique chez des souris traitées par l'HA ou par les LPS. Nous avons montré pour la première fois l'activité antioxydante de l'huile d'Argan in vivo au niveau hépatique par l'induction de l'activité enzymatique de la catalase peroxysomale et une activité hypolipémiante par la stimulation des activités déshydrogénases (ACADs) de la -oxydations mitochondriale des acides gars. De plus, l'HA induit la transcription des gènes PPECK et G6PH de la voie de la néoglucogenèse. Nous avons montré également pour la première fois un effet préventif de l'HA contre la répression des activités déshydrogénases des voies de -oxydations mitochondriale et peroxysomale, ainsi que celle la voie de la néoglucogenèse. Nos travaux démontrent que l'HA possède un potentiel anti-inflammatoire, induit par le LPS, élucidé par la répression de cytokines pro-inflammatoires IL-6 et TNFα et par l'induction de cytokines anti-inflammatoires IL10 et IL-4. L'ensemble de nos résultats indiquerait que l'huile d'Argan, du fait de sa composition riche en acide gras mono et polyinsaturés et en antioxydants, a des effets hypolipémiants et anti-inflammatoires au niveau hépatique qui se traduisent par une régulation de l'expression à la fois de récepteurs nucléaires et de leur gènes cibles ainsi que de certaines cytokines

碩士
中國醫藥大學
藥學系碩士班
98
Skin play an important role of effective barrier between the organism and the environment, however, exposure of the skin to UV radiation results in the development of inflammation and oxidative stress, which lead to photoaging. In recent years, it has become a trend to develop natural products for antiphotoaging. In this study, Ixora parviflora methanol extract was carried out for investigating the antiphotoaging activity and its mechanism. The extaction yield of Ixora parviflora (IPE) was 17.4±3.9%, its total phenol content of IPE was 26.2 ?慊 GAE/mg. The reducing capacity, the DPPH radical scavenging, the ferrous chelation, the hydroxyl radical scavenging, and the hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity of the IPE at 1000 ?慊/mL were 90.5±0.6%, 96.0±0.4%, 72.2±3.5%, 96.8±1.4%, and 99.5±3.3%, respectively. The IPE also possessed inhibitory activity 89.4±1.8% against AAPH-induced haemolysis of erythrocytes at 500 ?慊/mL, and it could scaveng about 52.9% ROS production at the same concentration after UV-induced in fibroblasts. In photoaging assay, the bacterial collagenase gelatin digestion inhibitory activity was 92.7±4.2% and elastase inhibitory activity was 32.6±1.4% at 1000 ?慊/mL. The results shown that UV 40 mJ/cm2 could significantly induce expression of MMP-1, -3, -9 in fibroblast, IPE could inhibit MMP-1 expression at 1, 5, 10 and 50 ?慊/mL, inhibit MMP-3 expression at 10 and 50 ?慊/mL, and inhibit MMP-9 expression at 5, 10 and 50 ?慊/mL. To find out the machemisn, the reults indicate IPE could decrease the expression of MMP-1, -3, -9 by inhibit phosphorylation of p38, ERK and JNK. Also, IPE could increase the TIMP-1 expression at 5 ?慊/mL. Besides, IPE could increase type I procollagen expression by decrease the Smad7 expression at 1, 5, 10 and 50 ?慊/mL. IPE could inhibit MMP-9 activity by gelatin zymography in the culture medium of fibroblast at 50 ?慊/mL and could increase total collagen synthesis in fibroblast. In the same time, we also demonstrated the anti-inflammation activity of IPE. The results shown that IPE could inhibit NO production induced by UV exprosure in fibroblast at 1, 5, 10 and 50 ?慊/mL, and could decrease COX-2 expression induced by UV exprosure in fibroblast at 5, 10 and 50 ?慊/mL. Indicate that IPE has anti-inflammation activity. IPE has no cytotoxicity in keratinocyte, melanoma and fibroblast, and with no irritation on skin and eyes. These findings shown that IPE exhibited anti-oxidant activity and anti-photoaging activity. The IPE could be a potential anti-aging agent from natural source.

碩士
國立勤益科技大學
機械工程系
100
With the advances in technology, growing the concept of healthy eating, organic and good health. Vegetable juice machine is already one of the essential small appliances for every household.Its main purpose of the vegetable juice machine squeezed fruits and vegetables, juice or fruits and vegetables mud. However, the commercial blender how to make vegetable juice to slow the eutrophication rate, keep the nutrients? In this study, innovation and invention, an anti-oxidation juicer, the main function by extracting the vacuum production methods to achieve the fruits and vegetables in the juice conditioning process with the antioxidant effect, conditioning complete the juice to keep the fruit and vegetable juices. The experimental results showed that apple juice under the general atmosphere of the oxidation time of the first three minutes of change is most rapid browning. In the juice before the juice machine extracts air, a vacuum state, the apple juice oxidation time is slow and elongated, about 5 minutes later, showing a yellow-orange color after dark (browning) phenomenon, the results confirmed this design provide enhanced antioxidant capacity, able to avoid juice oxidation, extending save the nutrition and taste of fresh juice, and the chief practical effectiveness. Keywords：anti-oxidant, vacuum, juicer, oxidation, browning

碩士
元培科學技術學院
影像醫學研究所
95
Abstract The liver cancer is one of the ten greatest deaths in Taiwan. Tithonia diversifolia, the Composite plant, is the folk medicine to cure the liver cancer, sarcoma and skin cancer in Taiwan. In this study, two kinds of extracts (extracted by high-pressure water and methanol extraction) were tested the properties anti-cancer property in prostate cancer cells (DU-145) and hepatoma cells (Huh-7) and anti-oxidation properties in Mouse's normal liver cells (clone-9). The preliminary results show that the methanol extracts have anti-cancer effects in DU-145 and Huh-7 cells. After 24, 48 and 72 hours treatments with the extracts for DU-145, the cells’ growths were dramatically inhibited, and the IC50 was evaluated about 2.5μg/ml. For Huh-7 cells, the IC50 was evaluated about 4.5μg/ml after 24 hours treatment and 3μg/ml after 48 and 72 hours treatments. In the other way, the preliminary result shows that the high-pressure water extracts don’t have the anti-cancer effects. In the anti-oxidant experiments, the cells were treated with the exteacts of Tithonia diversifolia to prevent the H2O2-induced damage in Mouse’s normal liver cells (clone-9). The results show that high-pressure water extracts can protect cells to resistant H2O2-induced oxidation damage.

碩士
實踐大學
食品營養與保健生技學系碩士班
106
The yam is a staple food in many countries and also well known in traditional medicine. Study shows that antioxidant components in yam, including polyphenols and anthocyanins, have good effects on anti-inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases. Then Allantoin, which is rich in yam, has also been proven to have the effect of repairing wounds and inhibiting inflammation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory effects of D. japonica Thunb. var. pseudojaponica (Hayata) Yamamoto, often consumed in Taiwan, D. alata L. purpurea (Roxb. ) M. Pouch, rich in anthocyanins and D. batatas Decne, often used as a traditional Chinese medicine. Dry powder of yam was extracted with pure water at 55 ° C for 30 minutes. Analysis of the DPPH scavenging capacity, total antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content and total anthocyanin content in different yam extracts. Then analysis of allantoin content by HPLC. We study the effect of yam extracts on lymphocyte secreting tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and IL-10 by using macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The results show that the DPPH scavenging capacity and total antioxidant capacity of the yam extract were the strongest for the D. alata L. purpurea (Roxb.) M. Pouch extracts, 19.6% and 89.74%, respectively. And it is significantly higher than D. japonica Thunb. var. pseudojaponica (Hayata) Yamamoto and D. batatas Decne. The total polyphenol content is the highest in D. alata L. purpurea (Roxb.) M. Pouch (75.93 μg GAE/mL) followed by D. batatas Decne. (58.76 μg GAE/mL) and D. japonica Thunb. var. pseudojaponica (Hayata) Yamamoto (47.45 μg GAE/mL). The total anthocyanin content of D. alata L. purpurea (Roxb.) M. Pouch was significantly higher than other two kinds of yams. According to the results of HPLC analysis, the allantoin content of D. alata L. purpurea (Roxb.) M. Pouch (13.05 mg/g DW) was significantly higher than other two kinds of yams. In anti-inflammatory results treated by D. alata L. purpurea (Roxb.) extract significantly reduce the concentration of pro-inflammatory factors (TNF-α、IL-1β and IL-6) and Increased secretion of anti-inflammatory factor (IL-10). According to the above results, D. alata L. purpurea (Roxb.) M. Pouch has higher antioxidant capacity than the other two kinds of yams and also can achieve anti-inflammatory effects by reducing the pro-inflammatory factors. In conclusion , our study shown the anti-inflammatory effects of the yam may drive from its rich anthocyanins, polyphenols and allantoin.

碩士
中華科技大學
健康科技研究所
102
Abstract Recently, natural skin care products and cosmetics are popular. Therefore, biotechnologycombined with Chinese herbal medicine has the large potential. In the past, many researchers screened many new ingredients to inhibit tyrosinase activity and increase antioxidant capacity from Chinese herbal plantsIn this experiment, Walnuts, Moutan, and Asparticwere selected and they were extracted by distilled water, 95% ethanol, 50% ethanol, 100% ethyl acetate and 50% ethyl acetate.These extracted liquid was then fermented by Bifidobacterium bifidumat different times.Some chemical properties including anti-tyrosinase activity, reducing power and scavenging activity of DPPH radical were measured.Additionally, cytotoxicity was evaluated by the survival rate of CCD-966SK cells. HPLC chromatogram reveled that the different compounds were existed in the liquid fermented or not by B. bifidum. The 100% anti-tyrosinase activity was found in the operating condition (Aspartic extracted by distilled water and fermented for 12 hours).DPPH scavenging was achieved 89.4% when Moutanextracted by 95% ethanol and then fermented for 8 hours. In conclusion, Moutanand Asparticextracted by solvents and then fermented by B. bifidum have potential as whitening agent and antioxidants. Keywords: whitening, anti-oxidation, Aspartic, Moutan, lactic acid bacteria, tyrosinase

碩士
嘉南藥理科技大學
化妝品科技研究所
99
Essential oil has been used in the food, cosmetic industry, medicine. Mint is a traditional and broad medicinal efficacy spectrum of herbs. In Mentha piperita, the peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) has mild and cool scent and chocolate mint (Mentha piperita L.) has pleasant flavor. Both adapt to the overall climate of Taiwan and they are breeding throughout the year. This study was to analyze the compositions of essential oils of mint by GC-MS analysis and to compare with tea tree oil as well as antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The result showed the two kinds of mint essential oils contains more alcohol and terpenes and the major compound was menthol. The antimicrobial abilities of peppermint and chocolate mint against P. aeruginosa, C. albicans, S. aureus and P. acnes were better than tea tree oil did. For the anti-oxidation test including scavenging the DPPH radical and β-CaroVtene-linoleic acid assay, peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) showed better properties than chocolate mint (Mentha piperita L.) However, for the scavenging NO radical activity, chocolate mint and peppermint essential oils were better than α-tocopherol as well as tea tree oil. Chocolate mint had better anti-inflammatory activity than α-bisabolol did, however, peppermint displayed the weakest effect in this test.

碩士
嘉南藥理科技大學
化妝品科技研究所
97
Abstract The occurrence of acne is mainly due to the excessive sebaceous hyperplasia, and follicular hyperkeratosis of sebaceous ducts. In addition, Propionibacterium acnes proliferate and release chemokines in the hair follicles, which would give rise to inflammation. Essential oils have been applied in aromatherapy for a long time. Therefore, we extracted essential oils from five aromatic plants, including Eucalyptus bridgesiana, Cymbopogon martinii, Thymus vulgaris, Lindernia anagalis and Pelargonium fragran and estimated their antibacterial , antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The compositions of the five essential oils, were analyzed by GC/MS. The main components of Eucalyptus bridgesiana, Cymbopogon martinii and Thymus vulgaris essential oils were 1,8-Cineole (11.92%), Geraniol (41.31%) and thymol (21.46%), respectively. Lindernia anagalis essential oils contains p-Menthanone (30.75%), Pulegone (18.41%) and other compounds. Pelargonium fragran essential oils contains ?pinene (3.09%), limoene (3.78 %),(-)-Spathulenol (13.91%), and linalol (4.02%). In the biological activities, all the essential oils could inhibit P. acnes, especially C. martini with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 0.91?尳/mL by broth dilution method. T. vulgaris showed the best antioxidant capacities in DPPH free radical scavenging assay, β-carotene bleaching test and nitric oxide free radical scavenging analysis. In the anti-inflammatory activity, T. vulgaris represented the greatest inhibiton on 5-lipoxygense among five essential oils. Furthermore, the effects of essential oils on the secretions of pro-inflammatory cytokines from Thp-1 cell line induced by P. acnes were also determined. E. bridgesiana, C. martinii and T. vulgaris essential oils could suppress the productions of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In summary, C. martinii essential oil possessed pronounced antibacterial ability against P. acnes. T. vulgaris owned the best antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities among five essential oils. Therefore, the study suggested both essential oils may be the better option in the application on skin care cosmetics for anti-acnes.

碩士
嘉南藥理科技大學
化妝品科技研究所
98
Rosemary (R. officinalis L.) belongs to the Lamiaceae family. Rosemary essential oil is used for several pharmaceutical applications, as cardiovascular diseases, hepatoprotection. It also has many biological activities such as anti-inflammation, antitumor, anticancer. Essential oil is a secondary metabolites of plant. The components of essential oil are affected by soil, temperature, climate, sunlight and harvest season. In this study, three species of rosemary including Rosmarinus officinalis L, Rosmarinus officinalis Rex and Rosmarinus officinalis Prostratus were harvested in the spring (March) and Autumn (October). The essential oils were extracted and analyzed. Different harvest seasons influenced the compositions of rosemary essential oils by GC-MS. All the test essential oils had antimicrobial activities against P. acnes, S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, C. albicans and P. ovale. In DPPH test, the essential oils from Rosmarinus officinalis L and Rosmarinus officinalis “Prostratus” collected in autumn showed higher scavenging properties than those collected in spring. However, the essential oils harvested in spring revealed higher antioxidant activities than those harvested in autumn by β-carotene bleaching test. The Rosmarinus officinalis “Prostratus” essential oil from Spring expressed the greatest NO scavenging effect on Griess method. In the assay of anti-inflammatory activity, Rosmarinus officinalis L from Spring represented the greatest inhibitory effect on 5-lipoxygense among six essential oils.

碩士
靜宜大學
食品營養學系
103
Natural essential oils are extracted from different plants of aromatic crops, which have anti-bacterial and anti-infective effects. The characteristics of plant essential oil are fat-soluble and small molecules that can easily penetrate the skin and mucous membranes. Essential oils have been widely used for medicinal and cosmetic applications. Recently many studies are focusing on the anti-melanogenesis and major active biomolecules in plant essential oils. However, no scientific study demonstrates that Melaleuca quinquenervia essential oil (MQ-EO) on tryosinase activity and melanogenesis. Because tyrosinase plays an important role in melanogenesis, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of MQ-EO and the major compounds on antioxidant, tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis. The results of in vitro study had shown that MQ-EO with antioxidant activities. From GC-MS analysis results, the major compounds of MQ-EO are 1,8-cineole, α-pinene, and α-terpineol. Furthermore, our results indicated that treatment of B16 melanoma cells with MQ-EO and the major compounds along with the dose increases would significantly decrease α-MSH-induced melanin contents, cellular tyrosinase activity, reduced lipid peroxidation levels and increased the GSH level, superoxide dismutase (SOD), gluathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activities. In addition, MQ-EO can regulate the expression of tyrosinase protein ,and rescue the cells from α-MSH-induced apoptosis and DNA damage which was confirmed by DAPI stain and comet assay. In conclusion, our study has established the information of anti-tyrosinase activity and anti-melanogenesis potential of MQ-EO and the major compounds, and we supposed the major compounds is the major contributor to the biological activities of MQ-EO.

碩士
中山醫學大學
生化暨生物科技研究所
98
With changing lifestyle and eating habits people consuming more oil and less vegetable in meals will lead to an increased possibility of cardiovascular diseases. Atherosclerosis is the major risk factor for such diseases. The oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and macrophages cells by lipid peroxidation play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Recent studies indicated that plants have natural antioxidants which reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and some cancers. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Wasabia japonica extract for anti-LDL oxidation and anti-atherosclerosis through verification by in vitro anti-oxidation and cell experiments. We first analyzed the components of Wasabia japonica water extract. For anti-oxidation capability, Wasabia japonica extract was able to scavenge DPPH free radicals. Further studies were conducted with the copper ion-induced LDL oxidation model. Based on the results of ApoB fragmentation, extent of electric charge change on the surface of LDL, and formation of lipid peroxidation product, MDA, it showed that Wasabia japonica extract has the ability to inhibit LDL oxidation. In cell experiments, Wasabia japonica extract was able to the uptake of ox-LDL by macrophage cells. Taken together, the results of present study showed that Wasabia japonica extract has antioxidant activity and inhibits LDL oxidation, thereby reduces formation of foam cells. These activities will reduce the incidence of atherosclerosis. Therefore, the evidences support that Wasabia japonica extract could be used as a healthy food for the prevention of atherosclerosis in the future

碩士
國立成功大學
環境醫學研究所
91
Cancer chemoprevention is defined as interruption, recovery or prevention of cancer developing by natural occurring or synthetic compounds. In recent years, many epidemiological and animal studies have suggested that microchemicals present in the diet, herbs and plants with pharmacological properties are useful agents for the prevention of a wide variety of human cancers. Alpha-lipoic acid (LA) is a disulfide compound that is produced in small quantities in cells, and functions naturally as a co-enzyme in the pyruvate dehydrogenase. It is also a physiological constituent of biological membranes, an efficient antioxidant and a scavenger of free radicals. Dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA), formed by reduction of LA, has been shown to possess more antioxidant properties than does LA. Oxidative stress has been revealed to be related to several diseases such as aging, cancer and inflammation. Among these, reactive oxygen species（ROS）play a pivotal role in the process of inflammation and multiple step carcinogenesis. Several studies also showed that treatment of LA is beneficial for many diseases caused by oxidative damage. However, there are scanty data with respect to anti-tumorigenesis activity of LA. In the present works, we conducted the in vitro anti-inflammatory study to assess the effects of LA/DHLA on nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) generation in RAW264.7 macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase type-2 (COX-2) proteins were assayed by western blotting. The in vivo short-term anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and long-term anti-tumor promoting activities of LA/DHLA were evaluated by topical TPA application to ICR mouse skin with measurement of edema formation, epidermal thickness, and incidence of tumor-bearing mice. In addition, the potency of anti-tumor growth and anti-metastasis of LA were also analyzed by using Lewis lung carcinoma-bearing mice experimental model. We have demonstrated that LA and DHLA strongly suppressed the NO and PGE2 release in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. Western blot showedt down-regulation of iNOS, but up-regulation of COX-2 expression after treated with LA and DHLA in LPS-treated cells. In in vivo studies, we found that DHLA but not LA significantly inhibited skin inflammation induced by double TPA application by decreasing the edema and epidermal hyperplasia formation. Inhibitory effects of tumor promotion showed that DHLA possess higher anti-tumor promotic ability than the resveratrol in DMBA-initiated ICR mice. However, LA shows no inhibition effects of tumor growth and lung metastasis in LLC-bearing mice experimental model. In summary, the data presented here indicate that LA/DHLA possess significant effects in anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation and anti-tumor promotion. Whereas, no effects were found in anti-tumor growth and anti-metastasis. Thus, more studies are needed to further elucidate the role of LA/DHLA in cancer chemoprevention.

碩士
大仁科技大學
食品科技研究所
98
Ginger is a common spice used in popular cuisine and has been widely applied in research of diseases due to its rich ingredients. The purpose of this research is to probe into the antioxidation activity and anti-inflammatory effect of zingerone (ZO) of NRK 52E cells (Normal rat kidney epithelial cells). The experiment design covers two parts: the first test is “In vitro” in which ZO of different concentrations (i.e. 1, 5, 7.5, 10 mM) are used to analyze DPPH activity, SOD, FIC and reducing power. The results show that ZO demonstrates good effects in removing DPPH activity and reducing power. Moreover, the ZO 10 mM has the highest removal rate of 19% on SOD activity; however, the ZO demonstrates no FIC ability. The second test is the “Ex-vivo” in which t-BHP 2 mM is used to induce NRK 52E oxidative injuries and ZO of different concentrations (i.e. 1, 5, 7.5, 10 mM) are added and cultured at 37°C to evaluate the antioxidation ability after 15, 30, and 60 minutes. With antioxidation analysis indicators including MTT assay and TBARs and GSH, the results show that ZO causes no effect on the survival rate of cells. As ZO increases in concentration, the production of TBARs is significantly reduced and GSH expression is enhanced. In addition, the IL-1β 5 ng is used to induce NRK 52E inflammation and ZO of different concentrations (i.e. 1, 5, 7.5, 10 mM) are added and cultured at 37°C to evaluate the anti-inflammatory ability after 20 hours. Measured analysis of the survival rate, NO, iNOS, COX-2, PGE2, IκB, p-IκB and NF-κB. The results showed that ZO 1, 5, 7.5, 10 (mM) compared with the control group, the survival rate is no change, in IL-1β + ZO this group 4 there are cells to reduce the generation of NO, iNOS, PGE2 and COX-2 performance (p < 0.05). On the other hand, p-IκB and NF-κB performance has also been decline. The study, ZO inhibits inflammation caused by IL-1β induced NRK 52E to achieve anti-inflammatory effect. At the same time, it is able to inhibit oxidative injuries caused by t-BHP induced NRK 52E thus protecting kidney cells.

博士
國立臺灣科技大學
化學工程系
106
Bawang dayak (Eleutherine palmifolia) is one of the native plants from Kalimantan, Indonesia. Phytochemicals of this plant was suspected for its effectiveness as antibacterial agent and for treating diseases such as cancer. There is still lack of comprehensive information for this plant especially in regards to its advantage for treating cancers. The aim of this study was to obtain the extracted fractions of BD bulb which demonstrate highest apoptosis activity in cervix and breast cancer cell lines. The structure of compounds was also identified and determined by using HPLC-MS/MS. Extraction process was performed in ethanol as solvent by varying ethanol concentrations and extraction times. The crude extract was fractionated using hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol. The results showed that extract fractions of ethyl acetate and hexane have the highest total phenolic contents (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC), respectively. The extract fractions were then evaluated using DPPH for its radical scavenging activity and MTT assay for bioactivity identification. Hexane extract fraction with highest TFC and antioxidant activity also showed the highest apoptosis activity after being contacted with HeLa (cervix cancer cell) at 50 ppm for 72 h, followed by ethyl acetate and butanol extract fraction. Hexane fraction achieved IC50 value at 200 ppm after being contacted with MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer cell), whilst for ethyl acetate fraction was at 500 ppm.Determination of active compounds in extract fractions was conducted with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) tandem with electrospray ionization mass spectrometer in negative and positive ions mode. Six compounds and ten compounds were identified in the ethyl acetate extract fraction and in the hexane extract fraction, respectively.

博士
國立成功大學
環境醫學研究所
98
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a complex disease which might be caused by interactions between environmental and genetic factors. Noise is the best-known and one of the most studied environmental factors causing hearing loss. Genetic factors may modify the susceptibility to noise. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is thought to be part of the mechanism underlying NIHL. Glutathione is an important cellular antioxidant that limits cell damage by ROS. This is a three-part study. The first part was a cross-sectional study. It was to create a reference database that can be used for epidemiological studies of hearing impairment (as determined by otological status assessment and standardized audiological tests) in the Taiwanese population. A systematic stratified sampling framework involving the seven administrative areas in Tainan City was used, with each family being the basic sampling unit. All family members ＞20 years old, who consented to undergo all the examinations, were included. The overall prevalence of hearing impairment (＞25 dB) in the population in Taiwan was 21.4%. Middle ear disease was a significant risk factor for hearing impairment in addition to age and gender. The prevalence of occupational noise exposure for female subjects was 4.4%, and that for male subjects was 18.3%. Therefore, NIHL is an important issue for further research. In the second part, we investigated whether Glutathione S-transferase (GST) genetic variants in the human antioxidant system were associated with the susceptibility to NIHL. The noise-exposed workers from steel industries in Southern Taiwan, who have worked for more than 5 years, were recruited. Firstly, questionnaires interview about noise exposure, smoking, alcohol drinking, drug habit history and calculation of Body Mass Index (BMI) were done. After detailed local examination with otoscope, these subjects received hearing tests by pure-tone audiometry (PTA) before and after their daily works. The amount of noise exposure was calculated by Job-Exposure Matrix (JEM) using average yearly site-specific noise monitoring data and individual workers’ job history, to yield life-time total noise exposure level. Blood samples were collected. Deletion polymorphisms in the GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in GSTP1 were determined. Statistical analysis was performed to compare their respective genotype frequencies. We found that noise-induced temporary threshold shift (TTS) for high frequencies (HF) by PTA was related to the daily noise exposure. It suggested that pre-shift hearing impairment and daily noise exposure had impacts on TTS for HF by PTA. Based on combinatory analysis, we found that individuals carrying all genotypes with GSTM1 null, GSTT1 null, and GSTP1 Ile105/Ile105 were more susceptible to noise-induced TTS. In addition, the JEM model-based estimates provided a significant dose-response relationship between noise exposure and noise-induced permanent threshold shift (PTS). We found that workers carrying GSTM1 null, GSTT1 null and GSTP1 Ile105/Ile105 genotypes were susceptible to noise-induced PTS, when a corresponding 40-year noise exposure level was higher than 90 dBA. In the third part of the study, we conducted a study to determine whether the antioxidant, N-Acetylcysteine (NAC), protected men against noise-induced TTS, and whether subgroups with genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 responded to NAC differently. Our results presented that NAC significantly reduced noise-induced TTS. When the participants were grouped by GST M1/T1 genotypes, the NAC effect was only significant among workers with null genotypes in both GSTM1 and GSTT1. In conclusion, the results of this study might help elucidate the relative importance of antioxidant enzymes as risk factors for NIHL. We also proved that the use of NAC could significantly reduce noise-induced TTS. Further studies should include a greater number of participants and involve workers exposed to different patterns of noise (i.e., steady noise, fluctuating noise, and impulse noise). Moreover, investigations of other genotypic variants involved in oxidative stress response for elucidating the gene-environment interaction for NIHL are warranted. We would also like to examine whether noise-induced PTS could be significantly reduced by the prophylactic oral administration of NAC in a prospective, randomized double-blind cross-over trial.

碩士
弘光科技大學
化妝品科技研究所
97
Scopoletin (6-methoxy-7-hydroxycoumarin) is a pharmacologically active coumarin compound that has been isolated from several traditional Chinese herbs, such as Lycium chinense Mill and Angelicae dahuricae Radix. It also has been widely existed in the plant, such as Rutaceae Dictamnus、Rutaceae Murrayapaniculata. Several studies have shown that scopoletin show hepatoprotective activity, antihypertension, anti-bacteriae, down fever and relieve pain. In addition, It was shown that scopoletin show the anti-hemoglutination effect on the domestic rabbit. The aim of this research is to evaluate whether scopoletin whether has antioxidation and white efficacy. Previous study reported that scopoletin has antioxidation activity. However, there is no report about interaction between scopoletin and other antioxidants such as vitamin C or vitamin E. Therefore, we aim to study possible synergistic antioxidation effects between scopoletin and vitamin C or vitamin E. Antioxidation activity was assayed by determining the DPPH radical scavenging activity , total phenol content, ABTS+ radical cation decoloriation and reducing power. The experimental results showed that DPPH radical capture ability is higher along with scopoletin concentration. The capture ability of scopoletin is also more obvious when combined with vitamin C or vitamin E. When scopoletin was combined with vitamin C, the total phenol content also increased in a dose-dependent pattern, whereas similar result was not found in the case of vitamin E. Additionally, scopoletin and vitamin C also showed remarkable synergistc effects on reducing power and the elimination of ABTS+. Afterwards, the effects of scopoletin on mushroom tyrosinase activity, intracellular tyrosinase activity and melanin content of murine B16F10 melanoma cells were evaluated. Kojic acid was used as a positive standard in the above experiments. The results showed that high concentration of scopoletin(2 mM~10 mM)could suppress mushrom tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent pattern. However, when scopoletin combined with kojic acid, there is no obvious synergistic effect on the inhibition of tyrosinase activity. Interestingly, intracellular tyrosinase activity of B16F10 cells was suppressed by low concentration of scopoletin(25 μM, 50 μM, 100μM). Besides, the melanin content in B16F10 cells was also decreased by scopoletin in a dose-dependent pattern. Afterwards, we also evaluated the effects of scopoletin on protein content of melanin related proteins- Tyrosinae、Tyrosinase-related protein-1(TRP-1) and Tyrosinase-related protein-2(TRP-2) by western blot. The intracellular tyrosinase、TRP-2 was also decreased by scopoletin in a dose-dependent pattern. The further work will elucidate the whitening mechanism of scopoltin, and we will also evaluate the possibility of scopoletin applied in the antioxidation and whitening cosmetic formulations.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
生化科學研究所
100
Ischemia/reperfusion is a pathophysiological condition of which blood flow is blocked and then restored. It will cause profound pathological effects such as oxidative stress caused by the mitochondria dysfunction. In some animal models, supplement of pyruvate effectively mitigates ischemia/reperfusion injury. There is growing evidence that some metabolites may play a new role as a signaling messenger and regulate the function of proteins in addition to their traditional roles of energy supplement and biosynthesis. To verify this, our laboratory developed a method for identification of pyruvate-interacting proteome (AETHIC). And the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of pyruvate in counteracting oxidative stress. According to AETHIC and metabolome results, we focused on citrate synthase and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). The former enzyme and NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+-IDH) contribute a pathway of NADPH production, and the latter, TrxR, is directly associated with anti-oxidative function. The flux of TCA cycle, NADPH/NADP+ and NADH/NAD+ increased after addition of pyruvate to HEK cell. Also, the activity of citrate synthase decreased under the same treatment, which indicates the regulatory role of pyruvate in TCA cycle. Next, I measured the activity of NADP+-IDH and found that pyruvate increased the activity of IDH in vitro but was less effective in cellulo. The activity of TrxR was significantly decreased under H2O2 treatment, but pyruvate completely recovered the activity to normal levels. Consequently, it is suggested that pyruvate may protect TrxR and restore its activity under oxidative stress. Above all, pyruvate rescue cells from oxidative stress by elevation of the reducing power of cells and sustaining the TrxR/Trx system.

博士
國立臺灣大學
生化學研究所
85
The polyphenols in ten eifferent types of commercial tea (manufactured tea) were analyzed by HPLC. Ten different types of commercial tea, includiogunfermented, semifermented and fermented tea, were analyzed for theirpolyphenol compounds, and it was foynd that both yields of solids in teawater extracts (TWEs), and the amount of EGCG in these products, variedwith different tea leaves and processiog methods. Longjing tea (unfermentedgreen tea) contained the highest concentration of EGCG and polyphenols,whereas Assam black tea (most fermented) contained the least. We also foundthat green tea polyphenols (GTPs) and EGCG strongly inhibited peroxyl- radical generation. The evidence suggests that the strong antioxidativeactivity of Longjing TWEs and GTPs are mainly due to the higher contents oftea polyphenols. In the animal study, Wistar rats were fed 2.5% green tea leaves (Longjingtea). At the 27 and 63 weeks, the change of AST, ALT, r-GT, and creatinine were not significant in treated group as compared with control group. Thesesuggested that eating of green tea leaves were not damage to the liver and kidney. Serum triglyceride, total-cholesterol, and LDL-C were decreased.Interesting, the dieatry intake of the two group were similary, but the bodyweight of green tea leaves group were decreased 10%~18% than the controlgroup. Additionally, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the serumwas increased in treated group. The activities of antioxidant enzyme (SODand catalase) and phase 2 enzyme (GST) and glutathione concentration in theliver of Wistar rats were higher in treated group than in control group. Thesignificance of these resylts can be implicated in relation to the cancerchemopreventive effects of green tea against the induction of tumors.

碩士
國立臺北科技大學
化學工程研究所
103
Dry eye syndrome (DES) is one of the most common ocular disease in the world. In this study, it is going to discuss how to treat dry eye syndrome more efficiently. Artificial tear is the most common eye-drop to treat DES, but usually with preservatives supplement, the addition of preservatives could resulted in a sever condition of DES. make dry eye phonama more deteriorate. DES usually accompany with ocular inflammation. To treat the inflammation on the ocular tissue is the strategy. Kempferol (KM) with anti-inflammatory effect was selected to added in the artificial tear for inflammation inhibition. an anti-oxidation agent, Ferulic acid (FA) was used to replace the preservatives. . In this study, an artificial tear fluid contain anti-flammation agent (Kaempferol, KM) and anti-oxidation agent (Ferulic Acid, FA) for DES treatment was prepared and evaluated. The cell viability, cytotoxicity and anti-inflammaion effect were examined in vitro by co-cultured with human cornea epithelial cell(HCE), to find out the optimal concentration of KM and FA to treat HCE cell. Then a DES rabbit model was established, and the artificial tear solution with KM(1 μM) + FA(100 μM) as eye drop was used, tear production, cornea damage, and ocular irritation were examined for evaluate the therapeutic effect.

碩士
國立屏東科技大學
食品科學系所
104
Fermentation of raw materials through multiple enzyme catalyzed chemical reaction, converts them to a high-value, high activity product. Kojic acid is the secondary metabolism of fungis, contains certain special biological properties, thus, it is has many uses. For example, it has good whitening effect, metal chelating ability and antioxidant capacity. Therefore, this study includes two parts, the first part is to select four kinds of commercialized Aspergillus Oryzae to ferment uncooked rice, cooked rice and SYB(Sucrose Yeast extract Broth) cultivation medium. Analysis of rice yeast fermentation broth at different timings, shows changes in levels of Kojic acid, organic acid, alcohol and pH value. Samples with higher Kojic acid level will be selected for the second part of the study. Results show, in PUC16-UNCOOK 30℃: Kojic acid is the highest at 40.56 ml/ml, alcohol content at 9.58% and organic acids at a total of 19.28 mg/mL; in YUC31-UNCOOK 35℃: Kojic acid is the highest at 162.93 mg/mL, alcohol content at 1.34% and organic acids at a total of 16.89 mg/mL; in PC02-COOK 35℃: Kojic acid is the highest at 67.35 mg/mL, alcohol content at 7.84% and organic acids at a total of 9.76 mg/mL; TC23-COOK 30℃: Kojic acid is the highest at 95.15 mg/mL, alcohol content at 7.81% and organic acids at a total of 9.74 mg/mL. The second part of this study was to select high kojic acid production from each group for bacteria suppression test, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory test and bacteria inhibition test. Results showed that PUC17-UNCOOK 30℃’s fermentation broth possesses good inhibitory effects of foodborne pathogens ( Escherichia.Coli, Staphylococcus .Aureus, Vibrio.Parahaemolyticus and Salmonella). therefore,the fermentation broth can be used as a natural antibacterial agent, can also be used to reduce or suppress the amount of microorganisms in foods, such as instant noodles and different types of salads.

碩士
大葉大學
生物產業科技學系
104
Phycocyanin is a major phycobiliprotein composition produced by cyanobacteria, and it is a natural blue dye used in food and medicine industry. In the present study, we discussed the production, purification and application of phycocyanin from three isolated strains (Oscillatoria sp. Wu1, Thermosynechococcus sp. and Spirulina sp.) Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) technology has significant potential advantages over other light sources in algal culture. This study investigated LEDs as light sources for Oscillatoriales sp. from the experimental results, red LED exhibited the highest biomass (0.17 g/L) and pigments (chl (25.34 mg/L) and phy (39.28 mg/L)) under the condition of 10,000 lux. The corresponding phycocyanin yield (Yp/x) reached 0.23 g-phycocyanin/g-biomass. Red LED with light intensity of 10,000 lux had the highest pigments production and produced the highest purity ratio of phycocyanin (A620/A280=1.31). However, under green and blue LEDs light condition, the productivity of phycocyanin and biomass of the Oscillatoriales sp. are very low. On the other hand, as a control, the Oscillatoriales sp. was cultured under irradiation of white lamp (30,000 lux) for 28 days. The phycocyanin (42.44 mg/L) and chl (25.39 mg/L) contents were reached maximum at 30,000 lux. Light sources colud significantly affect the phycocyanin production. Considering both efficiency and energy cost, red LED was the optimal light source. moreover three purified phycocyanin of Oscillatoria sp. Wu1, Thermosynechococcus sp. and Spirulina sp. showed all maximum absorbance at 620 nm. The purification involves a multistep treatment of the crude extract, and tangential flow filtration and gel filtration chromatography. Three purification phycocyanin from Oscillatoria sp. Wu 1, Thermosynechococcus sp. and Spirulina sp. purity ratio (A620/A280) of 1.85, 2.57 and 3.71 were achieved, respectively. On the other hand, phycocyanin has been found to have an anti-inflammatory activity. In the study, we examined the influence of phycocyanin on lipopolysaccharide LPS-induced inflammatory reactions in mouse RAW264.7 macrophage cells. The results showed that phycocyanin had the capability to induce secretion of inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-, IL-10, and IL-6, and that these results were not due to contamination with LPS.

碩士
嘉南藥理科技大學
化妝品科技研究所
97
With the diversification of cosmetic products, consumers want to buy products with efficacy, long-term use due to human contact, but also the need to ensure that does not produce irritating and toxic, they detect the effectiveness of cosmetics and safety is very important. In this study, 63 kinds of common plants for essential oil in the anti-bacterial, anti-oxidation study area, the relevant scientific research support, comprehensive studies to examine and establish the effectiveness of essential oil products. Previous analysis, not for the use of the negative effects that may arise more Consideriation known specific toxicity of essential oil components have a light. Phototoxicity complicated reaction mechanism should be based on a variety of detection methods to assess, to a series of screening, and gradually remove non-phototoxic substances, effective in reducing the experimental cost, fast and replace the use of animal testing. The present study explored phototoxic essential oils, with different methods with a view to establish a set of active ingredient in the product development, the simple and rapid screening of cosmetics model phototoxicity. Candida guilliermondii essential oils for a more general inhibitory effect of Escherichia coli-kai, citronella oil in the two strains in both the largest inhibition zone. Analysis of anti-oxidation, DPPH ‧ and ABTs +. Two free radical scavenging capacity of the top three ranks are: thyme, ylang ylang, citronella oil; oil mostly contains polyphenols, a relatively high content of total phenols were the top three as follows: clove oil, thyme, benzoin. The assessment of phototoxic to the known toxicity of Norfloxacin with light and a positive reference substance Chlorpromazine, analysis of the use of bacteria-chip reference substance is found that the higher the concentration, the stronger the light energy, the stronger phototoxic reaction, the greater the harm to the bacteria, reduce the number of colonies generated. First observation of the essential oil of UVA (320-400nm) absorption, taking nine more before the absorption of essential oils and nine of the past record or doubt further analysis of essential oils, UVA nine large oil absorption of the former are: cinnamon, pheasant pepper, sweet orange, lemon, basil, grapefruit, bluegrass rock, roses, dill, 9 kinds of essential oils may be phototoxic as follows: orange blossom, bergamot, fennel, lemon grass, red mandarin, citronella oil, ginger oil, Australia sandalwood oil, lime; E. coli inhibition zone changes, lemon, red mandarin and grapefruit essential oils have a marked expansion of the phenomenon; pUC119 DNA electrophoresis results of different essential oils in the electrophoretic pattern, with the increase of UVA light have a range of energy fracture cases, with the exception of Rose essential oil had no effect, and the remaining oil in the UVA light ranging from energy to increase the DNA of both cases fracture occurred, then further tests to explore the possibility of phototoxic. ㄧ can step into the establishment of the distinction between strong and weak light of the baseline drug, but the mechanism of phototoxic reaction complex, the assessment should be based on a variety of ways, one by one to exclude the possibility of toxic substances light. Demonstration of scientific methods to oil functional cosmetic active ingredient in development, will enable the effective application to enhance the value, at the same time to play the effect of the use of objectives; for photosensitive material, should be marked with attention to detail to ensure the safety of products.

碩士
中山醫學大學
生化暨生物科技研究所
103
Solanum nigrumL. is a wildherbaceous plantgrowing entire year in Taiwan. Previous reports showed it contains polyphenols and possesses the ability of anticancer and antioxidation. However, it should be overcome due to the quantity and quality of output being difficult to control. In our previous study, the resultsrevealed that the water extract of Solanum nigrumL. (SNE)have the ability of antioxidation in low density lipoprotein and anti-atherosclerosis; the mechanism might involve the inhibition of blood vessel smooth muscle cell migration. Therefore, SN has the potential to develop a healthy food in preventing cardiovascular disease. The results in this year, we cooperated with the company to move the wild SN to the farm, and plantedit successfully, theproduction rate is about 102-115 grams per mm2. After theSGS detection to make sure no residue of heavy metal and chemical pesticides, the water extract (ntSNE)was extracted for further examination. The major polyphenols existing in ntSNE include caffeic acid, rutin, and gallic acid. In in vitroassay, the results showed ntSNE has the effect in decreasing oxidative LDL (oxLDL). In in vivoassay, high fat diet was used to induce atherosclerosis in Newzealand white rabbits. The results showed that ntSNE possesses the aboility to decelerate the formation of atherosclerosis. In exploring the mechanisms of atherosclerosis, ntSNE can decrease the migration of vascular smooth muscle cell. Taken the above together, ntSNE has the effect to reduce oxLDL and atherosclerosis via deceleratoing the migration of vascular smooth muscle cell. Upon to now, we make the previous results of SN down to earth, and push the results applied in industrial circles. We use its major functional components as index to control the quality, and obtain the stable quantity and good quality of SN based on the professional planting technique in industry. In this study, we develop SN to a healthy food in preventing cardiovascular disease in industry-academic cooperating module.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
食品科技研究所
102
According to the survey of Taiwan liver research foundation, fatty liver is a common liver disease in Taiwan. Consequently, fatty liver disease has become an increasingly serious public health problem. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) represents a wide spectrum of liver pathology ranging from hepatic steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis and liver cancer. In addition, NAFLD exhibit an important relationship with obesity, hyperlipidemia and type II diabetes mellitus. Previously, researches proposed a two-hit theory to explain the progression of NAFLD. The first hit constitutes the accumulation of triglycerides in the hepatocyte due to abnormal lipid metabolism. The second hit promote oxidative stress, inflammation, cell death, and fibrosis. In decades, some specific nutrients or phytochemicals have been demonstrated that provide potential hepatoprotective effects. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is a rhizome plant containing pungent flavor and has been used widely in various foods, beverages, and traditional Chinese medicine. Ginger essential oil (GEO) was obtained by steam distillation of the rhizome of Z. officinale. GEO has been exhibited several biological benefits including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and lipid reducing effects. The hypothesis of this study was improved NASH through anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation and lipid regulation of GEO. Therefore, this study was investigated the hepatoprotective effects of GEO and its active compound in high fat diet-induced NASH mice. In our results, it showed GEO and GEO pure substance – citral can decrease enzyme activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lipids and insulin in serum. In addition, GEO and citral reduce body weight, adipose tissue weight, triglycerides and cholesterol level in liver from mice which are induced NASH for 12 weeks. Moreover, the liver biopsy results show the samples can be given to reduce the phenomenon of lipid accumulation in mouse liver cell. Furthermore, GEO and citral can enhance the antioxidant capacities and reduce inflammation response in mouse liver; Further assessment by western blotting associated with lipid metabolism in mouse liver, GEO and citral can inhibit the protein expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) significantly, which make to reduce the biosynthesis of fatty acid and cholesterol. Additionally, they may also decrease the enzyme activities of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) induced by metabolism of excessive free fatty acid, and reducing the oxidative stress by ROS. Based on the above results can be speculated, GEO and citral may exhibit the hepatoprotective effects on nonalcoholic steatohepatitis induced by high-fat diet in mice, and the mechanism are including the reduction of lipid biosynthesis in liver, the elevation of hepatic anti-oxidative capacities and decrease of inflammation response.

碩士
大葉大學
生物產業科技學系
104
Aquilaria sinensis is widely used in herbal medicine and containing many high-value compounds. However, these compounds are difficult to cultivate or are becoming endangered because of overharvesting. Therefore, an in vitro culture of Aquilaria sinensis was established for production of commercially important secondary metabolites. Callus cultures were obtained by inoculating leaf explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 6-BA alone or in combination with either α-naphthalene acetic acid or 2,4-D. The callus obtained in response to 2,4-D and 6-BA was subcultured on the same mediumto investigate its biomass accumulation, and callus production on weekly basis for 43 days. For submerged cultivation, old calli were cultured on MS basal media supplemented with 2,4-D and 6-BA. Additionally, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) was carried out in the water/ethanol extracts from both the wild plants and cell suspension cultures of Aquilaria sinensis. On the other hand, to evaluate the level of the anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory, and skin repair activities of the water/ethanol extracts from both the wild plants and cell suspension cultures of Aquilaria sinensis. The results indicate that WEASL and EEASL sample have highest antioxidant activity. The anti-inflammatory activity of the water/ethanol extracts from both the wild plants and cell suspension cultures of Aquilaria sinensis in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated murine RAW 264.7 cells was evaluated. The present study suggested that purified component, the water/ethanol extracts from both the wild plants and cell suspension had strong anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages through inhibiting NF-κB secretion levels reduced COX-2, iNOS and that NO and cytokines release. This study is to investigate the influence of the water/ethanol extracts from both the wild plants and cell suspension on the wound healing. The ethanol extracts from cell suspension was shown to significantly promote the migration of fibroblasts in wound scratching assay. The superior effect of the ethanol extracts from cell suspension was observed at 1mg/mL, in which the recover rates was increased with 2 and 3 folds after 12 h and 24 h respectively than that of blank control (P < 0.05). UV radiation is known to induce free radical formation in irradiated tissues such as skin, in a process involving lipid peroxidation. The skin repair activity of the ethanol extracts from cell suspension cultures of Aquilaria sinensis in UVB-stimulated murine CCD-966ks cells was evaluated. In the in vitro wound healing assay, the ethanol extracts from cell suspension, at 12 h and 24 h, enhanced fibroblasts migration. Aquilaria sinensis leaf production in cell culture can be modulated, and more importantly, secondary metabolites accumulation could be increased. All the tested extracts of the water/ethanol extracts from both the wild plants and cell suspension could exhibit the anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory and skin repair activities to some extents. These results the water/ethanol extracts from both the wild plants and cell suspension were shown a promising natural drug with anti-oxidation, anti-inflammatory and skin repair effects for wound treatment.