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1
Sawkins, Kate. "The Placebo Effect of Ankle Taping on Ankle Instability". Thesis, Physiotherapy, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/3574.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Purpose: Recurrence of ankle sprains is common among athletes. While ankle taping reduces the risk of injury, the mechanism underlying its effectiveness remains unclear. Anecdotal reports suggest a role for the athlete’s belief that taping will protect them from injury. That is, taping may have a placebo effect. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether there was a placebo effect with ankle taping in individuals with ankle instability. Methods: 30 participants with ankle instability completed a single-limb hopping test and a modified star excursion balance test under three conditions: 1) real tape, 2) placebo tape, and 3) control (no tape). Participants were blinded to the purpose of the study and were informed that the study aimed to compare two methods of ankle taping referred to as “mechanical” (real) and “proprioceptive” (placebo). The order of testing the three conditions and the two functional tests was randomised. Results: There was no significant difference in performance among the three conditions for the single-limb hopping test (p=0.865) or the modified star excursion balance test (p=0.491). A secondary exploratory analysis, however, revealed that real and placebo ankle taping influenced participants’ perceptions of stability, confidence and reassurance when performing the functional tests. Conclusion: The role of the placebo effect with ankle taping in individuals with ankle instability remains unclear. Clinicians, therefore, should continue to use ankle taping techniques of known efficacy. They should, however, focus on maximising patients’ belief in the efficacy of ankle taping, since its application reassured participants and improved perceived stability and confidence. The effect of ankle taping on participants’ perceptions may contribute to its effectiveness in preventing injury. This proposal requires further investigation.
2
Fenech, Michelle. "Ankle ligament thickness in acute ankle sprain: An ultrasound-based study". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/206456/1/Michelle_Fenech_Thesis.pdf.
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Ankle sprains are common and, if not identified early, may result in long-standing pain and disability. This project used sonography to measure the structure of ankle ligaments soon after (<12 weeks) an ankle sprain. A reliable protocol to measure sonographic thickness of ankle ligaments was first developed, and then applied in people with and without a sprain. Although not appreciable on standard clinical testing, acutely injured ligaments demonstrated a complex pattern of injury to their sub-bands, which were thicker than those of uninjured and healthy limbs. This new protocol may aid early identification of acute ligament injury following ankle sprains.
3
Leardini, Alberto. "Geometry and mechanics of the human ankle complex, and ankle prosthesis design". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343530.
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4
Gray, Kimberly A. "Validation of the Ottawa Ankle Rules for Acute Foot and Ankle Injuries". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1365773432.
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5
Mayes, Michael Sean Patrick. "Ankle Function Alterations Following Acute Ankle Sprains Over a 14 Day Period". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1398941731.
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6
Kuenze, Christopher Zinder Steven. "The effects of functional ankle instability and induced fatigue on ankle stiffness". Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2574.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 5, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Exercise and Sport Science." Discipline: Exercise and Sports Science; Department/School: Exercise and Sport Science.
7
Schomacker, Travis. "Prevention of Ankle Sprains". Otterbein University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=otbn1594309347027123.
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8
Martin, Raquel Elise. "Effects of Ankle Support on Time To Stabilization of Subjects with Stable Ankles". VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1070.
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The purpose of this study was to determine if prophylactic ankle tape and/or ankle braces improve dynamic stability in TTS measure. All subjects were healthy and had no prior history of ankle injuries. Data collection consisted of each subject performing a single leg jump-landing with ankle tape, ankle brace, combination of the two, and control (no tape or brace) conditions. Dynamic stability was assessed with time to stabilization force plate measure. Significant plane by ankle tape interaction (p=0.045) was found. No significant plane by ankle tape by ankle brace interaction (p=0.637), no significant ankle tape by ankle brace interaction (p=0.483), or plane by ankle brace interaction (p=0.697) were found. A notable finding was that subjects took longer to stabilize in the anterior/posterior direction than medial/lateral direction. In conclusion ankle tape, ankle brace, and the combination of ankle tape and ankle brace did not statistically improve dynamic stability in healthy ankles.
9
Taylor, Brittany. "Effects of ankle bracing on dynamic stabilization in subjects with chronic ankle instability". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1209139437.
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10
Taylor, Brittany L. "Effects of ankle bracing on dynamic stabilization in subjects with chronic ankle instability /". Connect to full text in OhioLINK ETD Center, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1209139437.
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Thesis (M.S.E.S.)--University of Toledo, 2008.Typescript. "Submitted as partial fulfillments of the requirements for The Master of Science degree in Exercise Science." "A thesis entitled"--at head of title. Bibliography: leaves 42-46.
11
Bauer, Alison Lorinda. "Ankle kinetics during landing tasks in participants with chronic ankle instability and uninjured controls". Click here to access thesis, 2006. http://www.georgiasouthern.edu/etd/archive/summer2006/alison%5Fl%5Fbauer/bauer%5Falison%5Fl%5F200605%5Fms.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Georgia Southern University, 2006."A thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Georgia Southern University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science" ETD. Includes bibliographical references (p. 62-65) and appendices.
12
Millington, Steven Andrew. "Quantitative stereophotogrammetric & MRI evaluation of ankle articular cartilage and ankle joint contact characteristics". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2008. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10484/.
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Osteoarthritis and degenerative cartilage diseases affect millions of people. Therefore, there is huge interest in developing new therapies to repair, replace and/or regenerate cartilage. This necessitates advances in techniques which make earlier non-invasive diagnosis and objective quantitative evaluations of new therapies possible. Most previous research has focused on the knee and neglected the ankle joint. Hence, the aims of this thesis are to describe and quantify the geometric properties of ankle cartilage, to evaluate joint contact characteristics and develop techniques which allow quantitative measurements to be made in vivo. Chapters 3 and 6 describe the application of a high resolution stereophotography system for making highly accurate 3-D geometric models from which quantitative measurements of cartilage parameters and joint area contact can be made. Chapters 4 and 5 report the testing of image analysis algorithms designed to segment cartilage sensitive MR images. Work focused on initially on a semi-automated 2-D segmentation approach and subsequently on a pilot study of 3-D automated segmentation algorithm. The stereophotographic studies were highly accurately and demonstrated that ankle cartilage thickness is greater than previously reported with the thickest cartilage occurring where cartilage injuries are most commonly seen. Furthermore, joint contact area is larger than previously believed and corresponds to the regions of the thickest cartilage over the talar shoulders. The image analysis studies show that it is possible to accurately and reproducibly segment the thin cartilage layers of the ankle joint using a semi-automated approach. The feasibility of a fully automated 3D method for future clinical use is also shown. In conclusion this thesis presents novel methods for examining ankle articular cartilage in vitro and in vivo, showing that the thickest cartilage occurs in highly curved regions over the shoulders of the talus which correspond to regions of greatest contact. Importantly, the image analysis techniques may be used for future clinical monitoring of patients sustaining cartilage injuries or undergoing cartilage repair therapies.
13
Brown, Cathleen N. Guskiewicz Kevin M. "Factors contributing to ankle instability". Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,272.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Interdisciplinary Human Movement Science (School of Medicine)." Discipline: Human Movement Science; Department/School: Medicine.
14
Semenova, A. V. "Ankle monitors for offenders' contrl". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2014. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/45607.
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15
Kosik, Kyle B. "CHRONIC ANKLE INSTABILITY AND AGING". UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/rehabsci_etds/39.
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Lateral ankle sprains are the most common musculoskeletal injury among the general population and U.S. military personnel. Despite the common perception of being a minor injury, at least 1 out of 3 individuals with a previous ankle sprain will develop chronic ankle instability (CAI). This clinical phenomenon creates a significant barrier for patients to return to their prior level of physical function. Specifically, CAI is associated with reductions in physical activity level, leading to decreases in lower health-related quality of life and increase risk of developing of post-traumatic ankle osteoarthritis. Current evidence has largely focused on characterizing the mechanical and sensorimotor insufficiencies associated with CAI in adolescent and young-adult populations, with little attention on middle- and older-aged adults. This restricts our understanding of how these insufficiencies associated with CAI that develop in early adulthood progress over time and contribute to other chronic diseases such as post-traumatic osteoarthritis. Therefore, the overall objective of this study was to compare self-reported and physical function between three age groups: 1) young, 2) middle-aged, and 3) older-aged adults with and without CAI. We hypothesized participants with CAI would have age-related changes in self-reported and physical function compared to non-injured individuals across the lifespan.
The objective of this dissertation was to compare regional and global health- related quality of life (HRQoL), static and dynamic balance, spinal reflex excitability of the soleus muscle, open- and closed-kinetic chain dorsiflexion range of motion and spatiotemporal gait parameters between those with and without CAI across the lifespan. Her callIt was hypothesized that all self-reported and physical characteristics would be decrease with age, but significantly more in those with CAI compare to non-injured individuals.
Results from the first study demonstrated participants with CAI had worse regional HRQoL compared to healthy-controls as evidenced by the lower Foot and Ankle Disability Index scores. Likewise, participants with CAI reported having worse overall physical function and pain interference during activity compared to healthy-controls. There was no significant interaction for Injury (CAI and healthy-control) and Age group (young, middle, and old) for any dependent variable. In the second, it was determined that static and dynamic balance, spinal reflex excitability, ankle (dorsiflexion and plantarflexion) and hip extension torque were all lower in the older-aged participants compared to the younger-aged adults. In addition, it was determined that participants with CAI had decreased dorsiflexion range of motion, ankle (dorsiflexion and plantar flexion) and hip extension peak isometric torque compared to the healthy-control group. However, no significant interaction was found for Injury (CAI & healthy-control) and Age (young, middle, old) for any dependent variable. In the third study, there were no differences in spatiotemporal gait parameters between groups (CAI vs. healthy-controls) or age categories.
It can be concluded from this dissertation that regardless of the age, individuals with CAI have worse region-specific HRQoL, lower overall physical function, greater pain interference, limited dorsiflexion range of motion, and decreased ankle and hip peak isometric torque compared to healthy-controls. Several age-related observations were found including decreased static and dynamic balance, ankle and hip strength, and spinal reflex excitability. Though no relationship was found between CAI and age, several interactions were found to be trending towards significance. Therefore, future work is needed to better understand the consequences of CAI on middle- and older-aged adults.
16
Gutierrez, Gregory M. "Neuromuscular control in ankle instability". Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 139 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1605126841&sid=6&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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17
Pourkazemi, Fereshteh. "Why Do Ankle Sprains Recur?" Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/11526.
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The first objective of this thesis was to determine the predictors of recurrent sprain after an index ankle sprain. Findings of our comprehensive systematic review of the literature demonstrated a scientific gap with regards to predictors of chronic ankle instability (CAI) after an index sprain. The second and third studies therefore, were designed to investigate what impairments after an index sprain predispose participants to recurrent sprains. Participants with a recent index sprain (n=30) and controls (n=70) were recruited. Ankle joint range of motion (ROM), balance, proprioception, motor planning, inversion/eversion peak power, and timed stair tests were measured and compared between two groups. Participants were then followed up for 12 months and occurrence of ankle sprains was recorded. Younger participants with an index sprain found to be at significantly higher risk of incurring recurrent sprains. Although impaired balance was evident after an index sprain, balance deficits did not independently predict the likelihood of ankle sprain. The second aim of this thesis was to investigate the physical, physiological, functional and central differences among participants with CAI (n=42), copers (participants who recovered from a sprain, n=19) and controls (n=21). Ankle joint laxity and ROM, balance, proprioception, motor planning, timed stair test, peak power, and cortical representation of the foot and ankle measured by limb laterality recognition task, were compared among the three groups. The groups did not demonstrate any significant differences across ranges variables measured. However, deficits in inversion/eversion, balance, and performance in limb laterality recognition task were associated with pain at the ankle joint. Further, proprioceptive deficits were present in participants regardless of a history of ankle sprain and were associated with centrally mediated changes shown by bilateral impairments in performance of limb laterality recognition task.
18
Waddington, Gordon. "Movement discrimination at the ankle". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2000. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27743.
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In physiotherapy the management of ankle injuries and their sequelae so that the best
quality of movement is achieved constitutes an important problem. In order to study
movements made at the ankle, an apparatus was developed which enabled active
movement extent discrimination judgements to be made when subjects were subjects
were standing upright. A movement discrimination task was selected for movements
made at the ankle joint, based upon earlier upper limb research. In normal weight—
bearing, looking ahead, subjects made a discrete ankle movement at a steady pace until
stopped by an experimenter—placed constraint. They then were asked to compare this with
a second movement and say which of the two was longer (method of constant stimuli), or
to identify which out of a previously presented set of five possible extents the current
movement was (method of absolute judgements). Measures of their ability to differentiate
movement extents were then obtained using the procedures of probit analysis or signal
detection analysis.
19
Grambo, Laura B. "Heavy elastic vs. white tape : the effect of ankle taping on ankle range of motion /". Online version, 2010. http://content.wwu.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/theses&CISOPTR=340&CISOBOX=1&REC=5.
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20
Becker, Shannon. "Comparison of Ankle Kinematics between Soft and Semi-Rigid Ankle Orthoses for Field-Sport Activities". Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30297.
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Purpose of study: Examine ASO (soft) and Malleoloc semi-rigid stirrup (SRS) ankle orthosis designs on ankle kinematics during field-sport movements: sprint, one-legged jump, and 45-degree cut.
Participants: 13 competitive Ultimate players who regularly wore an ankle orthosis during physical activity.
Methods: ASO or Malleoloc orthosis was randomly assigned to each person. Kinematic data were captured while the participants performed several trials for each movement in a motion analysis laboratory. Participants repeated the protocol with the other orthosis.
Results: ASO allowed significantly more plantar-flexion during weight acceptance of the planting foot in cutting (p=0.038). In jumping, the Malleoloc allowed significantly more eversion-inversion range during stance (p=0.048) and eversion-inversion angular velocity from midstance to toe-off (p=0.026). Qualitative data also showed a significant preference for ASO.
Conclusion: Hypotheses that ankle inversion and eversion would be greater with the ASO; and plantar-flexion and dorsiflexion would be greater with the Malleoloc were refuted.
21
Wholohan, Aaron J. "An investigation into the immediate effects of ankle joint mobilisation in people with ankle equinus". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/134467/1/Aaron%20J.%20Wholohan%20Thesis.pdf.
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Ankle equinus is a limitation in ankle dorsiflexion, which has been clinically associated with impaired balance and lower limb pathology in adults. This thesis investigated the immediate effects of ankle mobilisation on balance performance, plantar pressures, muscle activity and ankle movement in people with ankle equinus. Through a series of carefully controlled studies, this thesis identified considerable variation in the force applied during ankle mobilisation. Although the findings suggest that mobilisation may result in improvements in patient-reported outcomes, it also questions the rationale behind the use of ankle mobilisation as an intervention in ankle equinus.
22
Bracken, Matthew. "Relative Phase Analysis of Lower Extremity Kinematics Among Subjects with Chronic Ankle Instability". Connect to full text in OhioLINK ETD Center, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1241209584.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Toledo, 2009.Typescript. "Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for The Masters of Science degree in Exercise Science." "A thesis entitled"--at head of title. Bibliography: leaves 66-67.
23
Rix, Jessica. "Effects of Chronic Ankle Instability and Ankle Bracing on Plantar Pressure during a Jump Landing Task". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1305124623.
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24
List, Renate Barbara. "Joint kinematics of unconstrained ankle arthroplasties /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=18404.
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25
Smyth, Alexandra. "Wear of a total ankle replacement". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19367/.
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Ankle arthritis affects 1% of the population and can be a painful debilitating problem. One motion preserving treatment option is total ankle replacement (TAR). These devices are currently under researched and have poor clinical outcomes. Despite significant variation amongst device designs no pre-clinical test standards exist to allow comparison of tribological function. Furthermore, malalignment of TARs is a potential result of surgical technique or failure to correct existing natural varus/valgus deformity. TAR malalignment can result in instability, deformity and is associated with increased wear and higher failure rates. Good alignment is considered instrumental for long term success. The aim of this research was to develop clinically relevant wear test methodologies for both natural gait and adverse conditions. First a parameterised test was undertaken to understand the critical parameters for the Zentih (Corin Group) TAR. A knee simulator was used to vary the combination of rotation and displacement and the change in wear rate was assessed gravimetrically. The effects of malalignment were investigated biomechanically in terms of component lift-off, changing contact area and stress. Adverse conditions were defined based on these results and edge loading observed in retrieved TARs. One coronal malalignment condition and a 3mm translational offset were tested in the wear simulator previously developed. Rotation proved to significantly increase the TAR wear rate while displacement had no significant effect. Implementing coronal malalignment alone resulted in a significant decrease in the wear rate, due to the reduced contact area while edge loading had no significant effect. This outcome may not translate to reduced wear in a complex biological environment, however simulation methods produced clinically comparable surface form. This PhD highlighted the critical parameters for TAR wear simulation, however, TAR failure is bigger than wear alone. Further factors must be considered to develop a truly adverse pre-clinical test protocol.
26
Baker, Mackenzie. "Identification of time-varying ankle stiffness". Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82464.
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The joint stiffness plays a significant role during movement; however its function is not fully understood, particularly in terms of reflex contributions. Studies examining the mechanical consequences of reflex activity during movement are few. The long term objective of this thesis was to develop and validate a method for identifying joint mechanics during movement.Previously developed ensemble, time-varying algorithms were used to extend the parallel-cascade model to non-stationary conditions. This algorithm was tested using simulated data. We obtained parameter estimates of ankle stiffness from experiments under stationary conditions and used them to create a simulated system undergoing a ramp displacement. Data was acquired from three subjects as an electro-hydraulic actuator imposed a ramp displacement with superimposed perturbations to the ankle. The algorithm performed well with simulated data. Experimental system estimates were good at certain times and not at others, because the ensemble input was not rich enough to permit a good identification.
27
Weiss, Patrice Lynne. "Position dependence of ankle joint dynamics". Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=72042.
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The objective of the work that comprises this thesis was to examine the position-dependent behavior of the human ankle joint dynamics. A series of experiments based on the use of system identification techniques were carried out; the experimental stimulus consisted of small-amplitude, stochastic perturbations of the ankle. The response to this input was modulated by two, experimentally-controlled parameters: tonically-maintained mean joint angles and tonically-maintained triceps surae or tibialis anterior contractions. This permitted the identification of the dynamic response of the torque (passive and active mechanics) and agonist electromyogram (reflex dynamics) for a functionally significant span of mean ankle angles and levels of tonic muscle contractions.The major conclusions of this work were that (1) the position-dependent changes in the passive joint mechanics were large and functionally significant; (2) the active joint mechanics depended entirely on the magnitude of the actively-generated torque with position-dependent changes in the active mechanics being relatively small and variable; and (3) the triceps surae stretch reflexes depended upon the position of the ankle while tibialis anterior stretch reflexes did not. The functional implications of these results and, in particular, the relative importance of the active and passive processes in the behaviour of the ankle joint have been considered in light of these findings.
28
Alley, Ferryl. "Dynamic ankle stiffness during upright standing". Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=110417.
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Studies of upright stance commonly model its biomechanics as an inverted pendulum, defining an overall postural stiffness, generated by the ankle joints, needed to overcome gravity's destabilizing effects. This model assumes symmetric left and right ankle stiffness, fixed throughout upright stance. However, the relative contributions of the intrinsic and reflex components of dynamic stiffness and how lower limbs interact during upright standing is not well understood. This thesis estimated the dynamic stiffness in both ankles simultaneously during upright standing and examined coordination between the two limbs. During bilateral perturbation trials, where angular position perturbations were applied to both ankles simultaneously, a strong intrinsic and reflex response was observed. For all subjects, intrinsic stiffness was lower than the required postural stiffness to maintain standing. Dynamic ankle stiffness also changed for different levels of postural sway torque, such that intrinsic and reflex stiffness was higher during forward lean and lower when leaning back. Contralateral responses were observed between input ankle position and the torques generated from the opposite ankle. These findings suggest that the overall postural control is not a simple summation of independent, fixed intrinsic stiffness responses from individual ankles. Intrinsic elastic stiffness is not sufficient for maintaining balance and contributing stiffness pathways are modulated throughout upright standing sway. Upright standing models must incorporate dynamic ankle stiffness measurements, variable stiffness parameters, and interactions between each supporting limbs.Les études de la posture érigée sont couramment fondées sur le modèle biomécanique du pendule inversé définissant une raideur posturale générale produite par les articulations des chevilles et nécessaire pour compenser les effets déstabilisants de la gravité. Ce modèle est basé sur l'hypothèse d'une raideur symétrique des chevilles gauche et droite qui demeure fixe pendant la tenue de la posture érigée. Toutefois, les contributions relatives des composantes intrinsèques et réflexes de la raideur dynamique ainsi que l'interaction des membres inférieurs pendant la position érigée debout ne sont pas bien comprises. Ce mémoire fait état d'une estimation de la raideur dynamique des deux chevilles simultanément durant la position érigée debout, ainsi que d'une étude de la coordination entre les deux membres. Au cours de tests de perturbation bilatérale, pendant lesquels des perturbations de la position angulaire ont été appliquées aux deux chevilles simultanément, une nette réponse intrinsèque et réflexe a été observée. Chez tous les sujets, la raideur intrinsèque était inférieure à la raideur posturale nécessaire pour maintenir la station debout. La raideur dynamique des chevilles a également évolué en fonction de différents niveaux du couple du balancement postural, de telle sorte que la raideur intrinsèque et réflexe était plus élevée pendant l'inclinaison avant et moins élevée pendant l'inclinaison arrière. Des réponses controlatérales ont été observées entre la position de départ de la cheville et les couples générés depuis la cheville opposée. Ces résultats donnent à penser que le contrôle postural général ne consiste pas en la simple sommation de réponses indépendantes fixes de raideur intrinsèque des chevilles individuelles. La raideur élastique intrinsèque ne suffit pas pour maintenir l'équilibre, et les voies de raideur contributives sont modulées pendant le balancement de la position érigée debout. Les modèles de la position érigée debout doivent intégrer des mesures de la raideur dynamique des chevilles, des paramètres variables de la raideur et des interactions entre les membres d'appui.
29
Mitchell, Andrew Charles Stephen. "The biomechanics of functional ankle instability". Thesis, University of Chichester, 2005. http://eprints.chi.ac.uk/842/.
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An epidemiological study into the incidence of ankle sprain in elite and non-elite athletes was carried out to collect data on the incidence of sports injuries focusing specifically on ankle sprains in elite and non-elite athletes. Furthermore, to develop and validate a questionnaire to be used to collect data on the residual symptoms associated with a history of ankle sprain and functional instability. Ankle sprains accounted for 16% of all injuries and symptoms of functional instability were reported by 95% of athletes that reported sustaining an ankle sprain during the study. The questionnaire was then used to recruit subjects (19 subjects with a history of unilateral ankle sprain and functional instability and 19 healthy controls) for the subsequent experiments. Anteroposterior and medio-lateral postural sway in single-limb stance was examined using a KistierTM force platform. Each subject underwent twelve postural sway tests: three on each leg with eyes open and eyes closed. With eyes closed the injured ankle had significantly greater medial (p=O.001) and lateral (p=O.007) postural sway than the uninjured ankle. With eyes open the injured and uninjured ankles had similar postural control. With eyes open the injured ankle had significantly greater anterior (p=O.021, p=O.Oll) and posterior (p=O.019, p=O.018) postural sway than the dominant and non-dominant ankles respectively. With eyes closed the injured ankles had significantly greater medial (p=O.008, p=O.008) and lateral (p=O.014, p=O.015) postural sway than the dominant and non-dominant ankles respectively. The reaction time of peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus to a non-pathological lateral ankle sprain mechanism was examined using a purpose built tilt platform. The platform had two moveable plates so that either ankle could be tilted spontaneously into combined plantarflexion and inversion. Electromyography was performed on each muscle and subjects had each ankle tilted six times. A computer-based onset detection method was developed to provide an objective method for identifying the onset of electromyography and tilt platform activity and calculating muscular reaction times. The injured ankle peroneus longus, peroneus brevis and tibialis anterior reaction times were significantly slower.
30
Vasquez, Rebecca (Rebecca Ann). "Simulating control of the ankle joint". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74912.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 33).
Computing environments such as Matlab that are conventionally used to simulate dynamics of rigid body systems can be used to model interactions between the system and its environment. However, creating these simulations using Matlab or an equivalent is difficult and there is a need for a more convenient simulation environment for such problems. Two alternative programs, PyODE and OpenSim, were explored to evaluate their ability to fill this need. Models and simulations of the human ankle were created in PyODE. This program is useful for creating simple models where the programmer desires a high level of control over model parameters. Simulations of the ankle kicking a ball and taking a step were created to examine the effect of joint stiffness on these motions and help determine the usefulness of ODE as a simulation tool. Pre-existing models were analyzed in OpenSim. OpenSim is specifically designed for analyzing biomechanical systems. It allows for more complex models to be created but the user has more limited control over the model parameters.
by Rebecca Vasquez.
S.B.
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Wang, Shuo S. B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Ankle mechanical impedance under muscle fatigue". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83755.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 20-21).
This study reports the effects of ankle muscle fatigue on ankle mechanical impedance. It suggests that decreasing ankle impedance with muscle fatigue may contribute to an increased probability of ankle injury. If confirmed, this observation may have important athletic, military and clinical implications. The experiment was designed to induce fatigue in the tibialis anterior and triceps surae muscle groups by instructing subjects to perform isometric contractions against a constant ankle torque generated by a backdrivable robot, Anklebot, which interacts with the ankle in two degrees of freedom. Median frequencies of surface electromyographic (EMG) signals collected from tibialis and triceps surae muscle groups were evaluated to assess muscle fatigue. Using a standard multi-input and multi-output stochastic impedance identification method, multivariable ankle mechanical impedance was measured in two degrees of freedom under muscle fatigue. Results indicate that ankle mechanical impedance decreases in both the dorsi-plantarflexion and inversion-eversion directions under tibialis muscle fatigue. However, the effect of triceps surae on ankle mechanical impedance is uncertain since the current experimental protocol could not effectively induce fatigue in triceps surae.
by Shuo Wang.
S.B.
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Kuganenderan, Nivedah. "Biotribology of the natural ankle joint". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22101/.
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The ankle joint is a stable and congruent joint that helps to protect the joint surfaces from high impact forces. However, possible trauma to the joint such as severe ankle sprain or fracture can cause cartilage breakdown and eventually lead to cartilage degeneration, resulting in arthritis. Ankle arthritis is considered to be a major cause of morbidity and disability. Although the ankle joint is least affected by arthritis compared to knee and hip joints, the pain and lack of mobility of end stage ankle osteoarthritis (OA) are equally debilitating and tend to be overlooked compared to hip and knee OA. Differences in the incidence rates of osteoarthritis (OA) across the joints could be partly attributed to the biomechanical properties of the articular cartilage. The aim of the thesis was to improve the understanding of mechanical characteristics of the human ankle cartilage through developing and refining methodologies (i.e. indentation and thickness methods) on immature porcine ankle tissues. As porcine ankle joint seems to closely represent the human ankle with comparable anatomical features, cartilage deformation, cartilage thickness, coefficient of friction, surface roughness, contact mechanics and biological properties were also determined. Comparisons of mechanical characteristics between porcine and human tissues were reported. A methodology was developed to identify the most suitable type of specimen (osteochondral samples versus whole joints) for mechanical characterisation as specimen preparation via pin extraction was hypothesised to have an effect on the tissue quality and thus on biomechanical properties. Specimen preparation of osteochondral pins had no impact on properties as cartilage deformation and thickness measurements of pins were comparable to whole joints. Therefore, for mechanical characterisation of human ankle cartilage, osteochondral pins were studied. Porcine talar cartilage was found to be thicker, with higher surface roughness, increased water content, increased contact pressures and lower glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content compared to porcine tibial cartilage. Based on such results, the talar cartilage in the young porcine tissue (3 to 6 months) appeared more susceptible to deterioration over time when compared to tibial cartilage as these properties were considered as unfavourable potentially affecting joint function and quality of tissue during high impact forces. Overall, there were significant differences in thickness, deformation and roughness measurements (ANOVA, p < 0.05 for all comparators) across the porcine and human tissues. These differences between animal and human tissues can be attributed to many factors such as age, gait, lifestyle and mechanical properties. The immature porcine cartilage was considered to be a poor representative model for tribological studies. On the human ankle joint, cartilage thicknesses, deformation and surface roughness measurements were all in a comparable range between talar and tibial joint surfaces (ANOVA, p < 0.05 for all comparators). Although ankle lesions were reported to be commonly found in the talar surface rather than the tibial surface, and it was assumed to result in unfavourable properties, this was not reported in the current study as no significance was observed between both joint surfaces.
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Kwanyuang, Atichart. "Biomechanical evaluation of total ankle replacements". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16843/.
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Globally, 1% of the population is affected by arthritis of the foot and ankle. Total ankle replacement (TAR) was developed as an alternative to fusion to treat end-stage arthritis, however failure rates are relatively high and are often related to bony damage. The purpose of this PhD was to develop a finite element (FE) model of a TAR to examine the risk of bone failure, and how this is affected by component alignment. An experimental model of a TAR implanted into synthetic bone was first created as a means to validate an initial FE model under known conditions. Location and size of the plastic deformation were compared and good agreement was found. A FE model of the natural ankle was then created from cryosectional images obtained from the Visible Human Project®. It was analysed in the natural state and after virtual implantation with a TAR. Both the cortical stiffness and the surgical positioning of the TAR were varied to represent relevant ranges seen clinically. In the TAR models, the location of the highest stress was shifted from the region of high strength to a region of lower strength of bone. The maximum von Mises stress on the cancellous bone was primarily affected by the stiffness of cortical structure and the distance between the stem and the outer surface of the cancellous bone. In some misalignment cases, the yield stress for cancellous bone was likely to be exceeded under loads representing standing. The results indicated that the quality of the bone and the thickness of the trabecular bone surrounding the TAR stem are important factors in governing the risk of bony failure following TAR, and should be taken into account clinically. The methods developed in this thesis can now be extended to examine other TAR designs and surgical approaches.
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Hahn, Hayley M. "The effect of sex differences and hormone fluctuation on ankle stability and function /". Connect to full text in OhioLINK ETD Center, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1241454458.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Toledo, 2009.Typescript. "Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for The Masters of Science degree in Exercise Science." "A thesis entitled"--at head of title. Bibliography: leaves 51-54.
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Cattoni, Sari L. "The Effects of Ankle Bracing and Fatigue on Time to Stabilization in Subjects with Chronic Ankle Instability". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1270827108.
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Sparling, Jacqueline. "Comparison of the risk of ankle sprain for braced, taped and unsupported ankles in intercollegiate basketball". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0016/MQ48046.pdf.
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Dahrouj, Ahmad Sami. "The development of a novel system to assess the effect of sudden foot and ankle inversion/supination on the musculoskeletal system". Thesis, University of Dundee, 2011. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/dffc0272-143a-41cc-98d2-a00160606e65.
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Ankle sprains are one of the most common type of sports injury. They occur most frequently when the foot is in a supine or inverted position. Recovery from an ankle sprain can take from one and up to 26 weeks depending on the severity of the injury. During that period the individual will be unable to participate in any meaningful sports activity and as such it is important to be able to prevent the occurrence of such injuries. Prevention of ankle sprain injuries would require a better understanding of the risk factors of this injury. Several studies attempted to assess such risk actors by inducing foot inversion or supination however the platforms used in these studies were shown to be limited. Hence the main aim of this project is to develop a system that can be used to assess the effect of sudden foot and ankle inversion/supination on the musculoskeletal system of dynamic subjects (e.g. walking, running, jumping, etc.). For this purpose a three degrees of freedom (DOF) rotating platform has been designed, manufactured and installed in the Institute of Motion Analysis and Research (IMAR) Sports Laboratory. The platform rotates around 3 different axes allowing inversion or supination of the foot and ankle of dynamic subjects. The degree of rotation around each axis can easily be set by the researcher/operator. A strain gauge was used to detect foot strike to the platform. As a safety measure laser emitter/receivers check that the entire foot is on the footplate before the platform rotates. Optical encoders provide essential feedback of rotation angles, speed and acceleration. The necessary software and user interface for controlling the platform were also written and tested. The platform was synchronised with a bilateral four-channel EMG (electromyography) system and a 12 camera Vicon® MX-13 system thus allowing measurement of muscle activity and kinematic data during the supination of the foot. A set of software modules were written to allow automated management and processing of the data generated by the new system. The new system was then implemented in a study to validate it and to assess the role of shoes in ankle sprains. In this study, subjects would walk in three different foot conditions: barefoot, and with two different types of sports shoes, along the walkway of the Sports Laboratory where the platform was fitted. When a subject steps on the embedded platform, it rotates causing the subject's foot to supinate. At the same time, the EMG data from the peroneus longus, tibialis anterior, and lateral gastrocnemius muscles are recorded, along with the kinematics of the subject's whole body. The obtained results demonstrated the validity of the newly developed system. Data from the validation study also revealed increased muscle activity following induced foot supination in shod conditions compared to barefoot. Muscle activity of the rotating platform step was found to be significantly higher than the steps before and after. The platform rotation was also found to have an observable effect on body kinematics. The newly developed system is hoped to help provide a better understanding of the risk factors of ankle sprain injury and how to prevent this injury. The system can be used to help improve the design of current footwear and identify which footwear provides better protection against ankle sprain injury. The system can also be used to assess the effectiveness of different ankle injury rehabilitation schemes and different training programs that aim to reduce ankle sprain injuries. The new system can be utilised to identify individuals who are at risk of sustaining an ankle sprain injury. The system can also be utilised in studies outside the scope of ankle sprain injuries.
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Ruck, Meredith L. "A comparision of cryopress and cryo/cuff effects on ankle edema and pain". Ohio : Ohio University, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1126214268.
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STROUP, LAURA MICHELLE. "THE EFFECTS OF ANKLE TAPING AND ANKLE BRACING ON VERTICAL JUMP PERFORMANCE IN HEALTHY ELITE FEMALE SOCCER PLAYERS". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin974395433.
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Deshpande, Nandini. "Reliability and sensitivity of ankle proprioceptive measures". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ63292.pdf.
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Aboelmagd, Sharief. "MRI scoring of osteoarthritis of the ankle". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2016. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/65619/.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
The aim of this project was to develop a semi-quantitative MRI based scoring system for osteoarthritis of the ankle, and determine its inter and intraobserver reliability. A systematic search was performed to identify current MRI scoring systems and review the methods and included features of these systems. Based on this, a Delphi survey of a group of experts was undertaken to determine the features to be taken forward for reliability testing. A retrospective sample of 50 patients who had undergone MRI and plain radiographs were included. Anatomical division of the ankle was based on existing published systems. MR examinations were graded using the proposed system by two consultant radiologists and two radiology trainees. Radiographs were graded using a published Kellgren-Lawrence ankle score. Inter and intraobserver reliability were examined using a weighted kappa statistic (kw), and association between MRI and radiographic severity using Spearman’s Rho. Inter-reader reliability was “almost perfect” for all features for total joint scores (kw 0.88–0.97) except osteophyte scoring for the trainees that was “substantial” (kappa 0.64). Zonal based assessment of features demonstrated “substantial” agreement between the trainees (kw 0.63–0.75), and “substantial” or “almost perfect” agreement for the consultants (kw 0.73–0.92). Inter-reader reliability was “almost perfect” for surface extent of cartilage loss across all readers. Intrareader reproducibility was "substantial" or "almost perfect" for total joint scores and “moderate” to “almost perfect” for the zonal approach. There was strong positive correlation between all features and radiographic severity (rho 0.75–0.85) except cysts which demonstrated “weak” correlation (rho 0.35). This new grading system demonstrates “substantial” to “almost perfect” inter and intra-observer reproducibility and may be of use in longitudinal studies Further research and development will include assessment of validity and sensitivity to change.
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Wang, Jing M. Eng Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "EMG control of prosthetic ankle plantar flexion". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76110.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biological Engineering, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-60).
Similar to biological human ankle, today's commercially available powered ankle-foot prostheses can vary impedance and deliver net positive ankle work. These commercially available prostheses are intrinsically controlled. Users cannot intuitively change ankle controller's behavior to perform movements that are not part of the repetitive walking gait cycle. For example, when transition from level ground walking to descending stairs, user cannot intuitively initiate or control the amount of ankle angle deflexion for a more normative stair descent gait pattern. This paper presents a hybrid controller that adds myoelectric control functionality to an existing intrinsic controller. The system employs input from both mechanical sensors on the ankle as well as myoelectric signals from gastrocnemius muscle of the user. This control scheme lets the user to modulate the gain of command ankle torque upon push off during level ground walking and stair ascent. It also allows the user to interrupt level ground walking control cycle and initiate ankle plantar flexion during stair descent. As a preliminary study, ankle characteristics such as ankle angle and torque were measured and compared to biological ankle characteristics. Results show that the proposed hybrid controller can maintain existing controller's biomimetic characteristics. In addition, it can also recognize to a qualitative extent the intended command torque for ankle push off and user's desire to switch between control modalities for different terrains. The study shows that it is possible and desirable to use neural signals as control signals for prosthetic leg controllers. Keyword: Myoelectric control, powered prosthesis, proportional torque control
by Jing Wang.
M.Eng.
43
Arnold, Mark Andrew. "Finite element analysis of ankle foot orthoses". Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/393597/.
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Hafner, Robyn E. "Spinal Reflex Alterations Following Acute Ankle Sprains". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1333644870.
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Elliott, Bradley Jay. "Optimization of WSU Total Ankle Replacement Systems". Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1341333609.
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Vedula, Siddharth. "Ankle stretch reflexes during anticipatory postural adjustments". Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:8881/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=32517.
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Beckenkamp, Paula Regina. "Diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of ankle fractures". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/14475.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Ankle fracture is a common injury with increasing incidence. The aim of this thesis was to assess aspects of the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of ankle fractures. A systematic review was conducted to examine the diagnostic accuracy of the Ottawa Ankle and Midfoot Rules, a clinical decision rule used to identify people with a low probability of fracture that do not require imaging. Data from 68 studies showed that the Rules have high sensitivity and low and heterogeneous specificity and that different health professional can apply the Rules without affecting accuracy. A randomised controlled trial including 214 people with isolated and uncomplicated ankle fracture was conducted to assess if a rehabilitation program is more effective and cost-effective than advice after immobilisation removal for ankle fracture and to assess if outcomes were moderated by two subgroups: fracture severity (more severe versus less severe) and age and gender (women aged 50 years and older versus women aged less than 50 years and all men). Participants were followed-up for 6 months and the primary outcomes were activity limitation (Lower Extremity Functional Scale) and quality of life (Assessment of Quality of Life). The trial showed that rehabilitation was not more effective than advice and that outcomes were not moderated by fracture severity or by age and gender. Finally, the prognosis of physical function, operationalised as levels of activity limitation and physical activity, was assessed in a systematic review and a longitudinal study. Physical function improved significantly in the short- to medium-term and plateaus, not reaching a complete recovery, in the long-term. People with ankle fracture were shown to be less active and more sedentary than the general population. This thesis provided robust evidence regarding the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of ankle fractures.
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Al, Adal Saeed. "Pain in people with chronic ankle instability". Thesis, University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/23244.
Texto completo da fonteResumo:
Pain is one of the commonly reported impairments in participants with chronic ankle instability (CAI). The findings of this thesis showed that the prevalence of pain was high in participants with CAI. Persistent ankle pain was significantly associated with some characteristics of CAI and included ankle instability, age, and unilateral ankle sprain. When participants with CAI and pain were compared to other participants (CAI without pain, health, coper), there was no difference between groups on the primary outcome measures (Balance perturbation, limb literality recognition test). However, participants with CAI and pain showed a significantly lower score in the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) (low functional level). Although there was a high frequency of reported ankle pain, the characteristics of this pain was not clearly understood. The central and peripheral nociceptive pathways could play a significant role in the existence and persistence of ankle pain. Therefore, we used the quantitative sensory testing (QST) as a psychophysical testing to provide broad information about pain perception and central sensitization. Significant differences were found in participants with CAI and pain compared to other CAI participants without pain in Heat Pain Threshold (HPT), Vibration Detection Test (VDT), and Conditioned Pain Modulation (CPM). These differences suggest reorganization of nervous system and central nociplastic changes. Future longitudinal studies are required to investigate how pain may impact in quality of life and include specific psychological questionnaires for ankle injuries.
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Lai, Hung-Jen, e 賴弘仁. "Ankle-foot simulator development for testing ankle-foot orthoses". Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25481858341400066357.
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博士國立陽明大學
醫學工程研究所
98
The fatigue failure of low-temperature thermoplastic ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) was commonly observed in clinics. However, there was no standard evaluation for the AFOs to enhance the understanding of how AFOs become more readily acceptable to patients. Therefore, this study aimed to develop an ankle-foot simulator (AFS) as a testing apparatus for AFOs, and performed a pilot test to investigate the failure mechanism of anterior ankle-foot orthosis (AAFO). The accuracy and repeatability of the AFS during cyclic walking, cyclic stepping and cyclic stepping with the AAFO in sagittal plane were measured. The root mean square errors (RMSE) of cyclic walking of AFS compared to a target gait data were less than 80.52N and 2.55° in the vertical ground reaction force and in the kinematics, respectively. The RMSE of ankle plantarflexion and dorsiflexion of AFS in the cyclic stepping tests were less than 1.25°. The repeatability was assessed by standard deviation, which were less than 9.46N and 0.72° in all testing conditions. A typical failure progression of five AAFOs was observed and graded for four phases under cyclic stepping test. Failure always initiated at the junction of anterior tarsal bar and lateral (or medial) bar of the AAFOs, from which the rest failures were extended. It is suggested that this junction must be reinforced or prevented the stress concentration to elongate the endurance of AAFO.
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Caffrey, Erin Marie. "The ability of four single-limb hopping tests to detect functional performance deficits in individuals with functional ankle instability". 2008. http://www.oregonpdf.org/index.cfm.
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