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1
Francis, Leslie J. "Parental and Peer Influence on Church Attendance among Adolescent Anglicans in England and Wales". Journal of Anglican Studies 18, n.º 1 (maio de 2020): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740355320000169.
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AbstractDrawing on data from a survey conducted among 7,059 students aged 13–15 in England and Wales, this study examines parental and peer influence on church attendance among 645 students who identified themselves as Anglicans (Church of England or Church in Wales). The data demonstrated that young Anglicans who practised their Anglican identity by attending church did so primarily because their parents were Anglican churchgoers. Moreover, young Anglican churchgoers were most likely to keep going to church if their churchgoing parents also talked with them about their faith. Among this age group of Anglicans, peer support seemed insignificant in comparison with parental support. The implication from these findings for an Anglican Church strategy for ministry among children and young people is that it may be wise to invest in the education and formation of churchgoing Anglican parents.
2
Wild-Wood, Emma. "Attending to Translocal Identities: How Congolese Anglicans Talk about their Church". Journal of Anglican Studies 9, n.º 1 (15 de novembro de 2010): 80–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174035531000029x.
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AbstractIn the perennial discussions about Anglican identity some voices predominate more than others.L’Eglise Anglicane du Congois a small province with a modest voice in the Anglican Communion. This article looks at Congolese Anglican identity as articulated by its members and examines the way in which the formation of that identity emerges from local concerns as well as wider networks. It uses interviews with members to focus on the majority appreciation of ‘order’, as expressed in governance and ritual, and recent shifts in the discourses surrounding ‘order’ to engage with changes in the country. The article borrows the terms ‘translocal’ and ‘transnational’ from the social sciences to explore the overlapping relational identities that emerge and the multi-directional dynamics of Congolese Anglicans. It suggests that this approach may have wider implications for understanding Anglicanism.
3
Thompsett, Fredrica Harris. "Inquiring Minds Want to Know: A Lay Person's Perspective on the Proposed Anglican Covenant". Journal of Anglican Studies 10, n.º 1 (13 de fevereiro de 2012): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740355312000010.
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AbstractBaptism is the sacrament that incorporates Christians into the Body of Christ; 99 percent of the church are laity. The proposed Anglican Covenant's emphasis on formal authority exercised by bishops and primates changes the relationships among all Anglicans, not just bishops. This change may run against a fundamental Anglican tradition of ongoing communal reflection that acknowledges that elements of church life change because they are no longer convenient or useful in particular locales. In adopting the Anglican Covenant, are we stating that traditional Anglican polity is no longer convenient or useful for the Provinces of the Anglican Communion, including the Episcopal Church?
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Davie, Martin. "The Church of Jesus Christ: An Anglican Response". Ecclesiology 1, n.º 3 (2005): 59–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744136605052781.
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AbstractFollowing an initial exploration of the teaching of The Church of Jesus Christ, this paper argues that a comparison of The Church of Jesus Christ with the Thirty Nine Articles and recent Anglican ecumenical statements and agreements shows a significant degree of agreement between The Church of Jesus Christ and Anglican theology and ecclesiology. This agreement reflects the fact that both the Anglican tradition and the traditions of the churches in the Community of Protestant Churches in Europe have been shaped by the Reformation. It also shows the influence of a growing ecumenical consensus on ecclesiological issues. However, alongside this agreement there also remain significant points of difference about the relation between divine and human activity in the Church, the importance of tradition, the holiness of the Church and the nature of the Church’s unity. These points of difference need to be explored and debated by Anglicans and members of the Churches of the Community of Protestant Churches in Europe (CPCE).
5
McGowan, Andrew. "Anglican Stories: Bible, Liturgy and Church". Journal of Anglican Studies 12, n.º 1 (19 de março de 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740355314000023.
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AbstractWhile Anglicans differ on many issues, they share not only a common history but a common interest in telling and retelling it. Essays in the present issue exemplify the concentration of these stories on three areas: the Bible, Liturgy and the Church itself. Historical or systematic attempts to define Anglicanism founder if attempts to identify essential elements are too prescriptive; but the shared reality and reflection on it constitute a characteristic form of Anglican theological practice.
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Kantyka, Przemysław Jan. "Ten years of Ordinariates for Anglicans – a few reflections on the new ecclesiological model". Studia Oecumenica 19 (23 de dezembro de 2019): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/so.1184.
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The article describes the Ordinariates for Anglicans from the ecclesiological point of view. The publication of Pope Benedict XVI’s Apostolic Constitution Anglicanorum coetibus created a new situation in the interconfessional relations and in the search for the unity of the Church. Firstly the Author explains what are the Ordinariates for Anglicans and what solutions contains the Apostolic Constitution Anglicanorum coetibus. In the second point of the article we find an analysis of an ecclesiological model created by the constitution Anglicanorum coetibus. While not being the return to the past method of gaining the unity of the Church by partial unions (i.e. so called “uniatism” or “unionism”) the Ordinariates offer to the conversing Anglicans the possibility of upkeeping their liturgical tradition. The Ordinariates also enjoy a large scale of independence in the frame of the Catholic Church. Alongside the bright spells there are also some shadows. The Author points at the major ecclesiological weakness of the construction called “Ordinariate”. The liturgical tradition of Anglicanism transferred to the Ordinariates is, in fact, deprived of its natural theological background, which is Anglican. That is why the solution offered by the Ordinariates one of the Anglican theologians called “the shortened version of Anglicanism”. The last point of the article is consecrated to the depiction of first Anglican reactions to the situation introduced by the apostolic constitution Anglicanorum coetibus. The most promising initiative is the establishment of so called “Anglican Communion Covenant”, which is designated to consolidate the Communion from inside, also by preventing the provinces from taking unilateral decisions leading to the breaks in the whole of the Anglican World.
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Doe, Norman. "Canon Law and Communion". Ecclesiastical Law Journal 6, n.º 30 (janeiro de 2002): 241–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x0000449x.
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This paper deals, in an introductory way, with the role which the canon law of individual Anglican churches plays in the wider context of the global Anglican Communion. Part I reflects on the two main experiences which Anglicans have concerning ecclesial order and discipline: that of the juridical order of each particular church, and that of the moral order of the global communion; it also examines canonical dimensions of inter-Anglican conflict. Part II deals with the contributions which individual canonical systems, the Anglican common law (induced from these systems), and the canonical tradition currently make to global communion. Part III assesses critically these contributions, their strengths and weaknesses, illustrates the potential of individual canonical systems for the development of global communion, and reflects on practical ways in which that potential might be fulfilled. Generally, the paper aims to stimulate discussion as to whether there exists a sufficient understanding of Anglican common law to justify: (a) the issue, by the Primates Meeting, of a statement of this, being a description, which itself would not have the force of law, of those parts of Anglican common law which deal with inter-Anglican relations, (b) incorporation of the statement by individual churches in their own legal systems, so that (c) each church has a meaningful and binding body of communion law. in order (cl) to enhance global communion and inter-Anglican relations, and to reduce the likelihood of inter-church disagreement.
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Thomas, Philip H. E. "Unity and Concord: An Early Anglican ‘Communion’". Journal of Anglican Studies 2, n.º 1 (junho de 2004): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/174035530400200103.
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ABSTRACTThe Anglican Communion did not come into being solely as a geographical extension of the Church of England. An agreement between episcopalian churches in Scotland and America in the eighteenth century represents a significant point in the development of Communion (koinonia) for Anglican ecclesiology. This essay traces the circumstances and the content of the agreement as an example of the way in which Anglicans have come, and are coming, to reconceive the way in which they participate in a global fellowship within the universal church of Jesus Christ.
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Te Paa, Jenny Plane. "From “Civilizing” to Colonizing to Respectfully Collaborating? New Zealand". Theology Today 62, n.º 1 (abril de 2005): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004057360506200108.
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The article traces the mission imperatives of the two groups responsible for the establishment and ongoing development of the Anglican Church in New Zealand. Beginning in 1814 with the Church Missionary Society, initially a vulnerable fledgling Anglican missionary presence, the CMS was to impact irrevocably upon indigenous Maori. Theirs was ostensibly a “civilizing” mission. Approximately three decades after the CMS, the colonial Anglican Church arrived replete with its substantial wealth and political patronage. Theirs was indisputably a “colonizing” mission, one that ultimately disenfranchised the CMS and, by implication, those within the Maori church or Te Hahi Mihinare. Beginning around 1984, the Anglican Church attempted to redeem its unjust colonial past by reviving the original promise of gospel-based partnership relationships. This article explores the effect upon the church's mission of using political solutions to resolve historic ecclesial injustices.
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Hobday, Philip P. "Richard Hooker and Mission and Ministry in Covenant". Journal of Anglican Studies 18, n.º 2 (5 de junho de 2020): 215–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740355320000194.
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AbstractDrawing on the theological method of one of Anglicanism’s foremost theologians, this article defends key proposals of the recent Church of England-Methodist report, Mission and Ministry in Covenant. Some Anglicans have argued that it would be inconsistent with Anglican order to accept the proposed temporary period where Methodist ministers who had not been ordained by a bishop could serve in presbyteral Church of England roles. It finds clear theological rationale for the move in Hooker’s understanding of the episcopate which is matched in Anglicanism’s official formularies and its recent ecumenical dialogues. Highlighting clear historic and recent precedents for such a move, it demonstrates that bishops have never been considered so essential for Anglican order that they could never be dispensed with. Proposals like those in MMC can therefore be conscientiously accepted as consistent with Anglican self-understanding by the Church of England and other provinces considering such steps.
11
Zink, Jesse. "Patiently Living with Difference: Rowan Williams’ Archiepiscopal Ecclesiology and the Proposed Anglican Covenant". Ecclesiology 9, n.º 2 (2013): 223–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17455316-00902006.
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Rowan Williams, a theologian who has long stressed the importance of ecclesiology, served as Archbishop of Canterbury at a time when the Anglican Communion was consumed by an ecclesiological crisis. This paper explores the ecclesiology Williams has consistently articulated as archbishop and then holds it against Williams’ support of the proposed Anglican Communion Covenant and finds a disjuncture. Williams’ ecclesiology is rooted in the nature of a globalized world, which tends towards exclusion. In this context, the church is to be the embodiment of God’s purpose of ‘unrestricted community.’ In order to do so, the church must share a common language and be rooted in trust-full relations that can only develop over time. As the Covenant struggles to gain approval among Anglicans, it seems an apt time to return to Williams’ ecclesiology and patiently work towards understanding the different Anglican other.
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Nche, George C. "Beyond Spiritual Focus: Climate Change Awareness, Role Perception, and Action among Church Leaders in Nigeria". Weather, Climate, and Society 12, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2020): 149–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-19-0001.1.
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AbstractThis study explored the role of church leaders in addressing climate change with a focus on Catholic, Anglican, and Pentecostal churches in Nigeria. The study adopted a semistructured face-to-face interview with 30 church leaders drawn from the selected denominations (i.e., 10 church leaders from each denomination). These participants were spread across five states in five geopolitical zones in Nigeria. A descriptive narrative approach was employed in the thematic organization and analysis of data. Findings showed that while all the participants across the three denominations—Catholic, Anglican, and Pentecostal churches—agreed to have heard of climate change, their perceptions of the causes of the phenomenon were narrow and varied along religious denominational lines. More Catholic participants expressed belief in anthropogenic climate change than did Anglicans and Pentecostals. Awareness creation, charity for disaster victims, and prayer were identified by the participants as the roles churches can play in addressing climate change. Although climate change action was generally poor among participants, Catholics engaged more in organizational action than did Anglicans and Pentecostals. In contrast, climate change actions were more on a personal level than on the organizational/church level within Pentecostal churches. The implications of the findings for the Church/church leaders, policy, and future research are discussed.
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Chapman, David M. "Towards the Interchangeability of Anglican and Methodist Deacons". Ecclesiology 16, n.º 1 (21 de janeiro de 2020): 34–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17455316-01503004.
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This article examines the prospects for the interchangeability of Anglican and Methodist deacons in Britain with reference to the latest teaching document from the Methodist Church concerning the diaconate. Drawing on this resource, as well as the present ordinals of the Church of England and the Methodist Church, the article demonstrates how Anglicans and Methodists converge in their theological understanding that deacons participate in the martyria, diakonia and leitourgia of the Church – including the ministry of word and sacrament – in ways proper to their office and by virtue of their ordination. The article concludes by posing questions for further investigation concerning the relationship between the diaconate and presbyterate.
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Chapman, David M. "Towards the Interchangeability of Anglican and Methodist Deacons". Ecclesiology 16, n.º 1 (21 de janeiro de 2020): 34–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17455316-01601004.
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This article examines the prospects for the interchangeability of Anglican and Methodist deacons in Britain with reference to the latest teaching document from the Methodist Church concerning the diaconate. Drawing on this resource, as well as the present ordinals of the Church of England and the Methodist Church, the article demonstrates how Anglicans and Methodists converge in their theological understanding that deacons participate in the martyria, diakonia and leitourgia of the Church – including the ministry of word and sacrament – in ways proper to their office and by virtue of their ordination. The article concludes by posing questions for further investigation concerning the relationship between the diaconate and presbyterate.
15
Ochkanov, Hierodeacon Yaroslav. "Intensification of the relationship between the Russian Orthodox and Anglican Church in the second half of the 1890s". Issues of Theology 2, n.º 3 (2020): 457–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu28.2020.305.
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The article analyzes the relationship between the Anglican and Russian Orthodox churches at the very end of the 19th century. The reasons why the Anglican — Orthodox dialogue received intensive development and significant theological content during this period are considered. Significant attention is paid to the mutual visits of the hierarchs of the two Churches, during which they discussed and agreed on numerous issues related to the rapprochement of the Anglican and Russian Orthodox Churches in connection with the prospect of planned interfaith unity. Emphasis is placed on the problem of recognizing the legitimacy of Anglican ordinations, which arose both due to the historical formation of Anglicanism and in connection with the peculiarities of the Anglican doctrine of the sacraments, particularly the sacrament of the priesthood. The author investigates the reasons why Russian theologians, who have carefully studied the historical, canonical and dogmatic sides of the issue, were forced at this stage to deny the Anglicans the recognition of the legality of their ordinations. In connection with this decision, the prospect of inter-church unity was postponed indefinitely so that Anglican theological thought could finally be defined in the sacramentology of the Anglican creed. At the same time, the dialogue between the two churches was not interrupted, but rather continued fruitfully in the 20th century.
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Dementyev, Leonid I. "Veneration of saints in Anglicanism". Issues of Theology 3, n.º 2 (2021): 234–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu28.2021.206.
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The Anglican Communion, which unites forty-one local Anglican Churches, traditionally honors holy ascetics and heroes of the faith, among whom there are both saints glorified after the English Reformation and general Christian teachers and martyrs known to the Roman and Eastern Orthodox Churches. Some Anglicans honor the saints, turning to the One God with gratitude for certain examples of a great righteous life, and ask Christ to send down the same good deed. Other Anglicans, on the contrary, appeal to the saint directly, like Catholics and Orthodox Christians. By themselves, Anglican views are very specific and strongly dependent on a particular church movement (there are “parties” of Anglo-Catholics, Anglo-Orthodox, Anglo-Evangelicals, etc., who have their own opinions on this issue), however, among the Orthodox there is a common misconception that being a Protestant means unequivocally rejecting the cult of saints. In this article, the author reveals in detail to the Russian reader the peculiarity of the Anglican practice of veneration of saints and provides examples of the presence of prayer appeals to saints in modern Anglican practice, dispelling the popular misconception about the lack of veneration of saints and appeals to saints in the Protestant world.
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Jones, Matthew C. "“A True and Patriotic Band!”: Welsh Anglican Resistance to a Colonial Victorian Church". Church History 88, n.º 4 (dezembro de 2019): 953–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640719002476.
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This essay examines the colonial relationship between the Anglican Church and the British Empire's Welsh subjects across the nineteenth century. Focusing on the small output of a group of exiled Welsh clergymen (known as The Association of Welsh Clergy in the West Riding of the County of York), I consider Welsh Anglican responses to the church's neglect of Wales (exemplified by no Welsh-speaking bishop being assigned to a Welsh diocese between 1727 and 1870, despite the majority of the population not speaking English). The association believed that preaching in a foreign language such as English constituted a perversion from proper church practice and that this both reflected hegemonic attitudes toward indigenous and non-English speaking populations and pushed the Welsh population toward dissent. In response, the association sought to combine church reform with Welsh nationalism by elevating Welsh speakers as the spiritual inheritors of the true and primitive British church. They promulgated their visions in annual reports published between 1852 and 1856 into which they channeled other contemporary voices speaking against tyrannical and “Romish” Anglican Church practices. Through an analysis of post-Reformation Welsh church histories and the reports’ usages of such terminology as “alienation,” “Catholicism,” and “patriotism,” I reveal how the Welsh national identity the association fashioned at once operated within and aspired to correct the Anglican Church.
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Village, Andrew, Leslie J. Francis e Charlotte Craig. "Church Tradition and Psychological Type Preferences among Anglicans in England". Journal of Anglican Studies 7, n.º 1 (maio de 2009): 93–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740355309000187.
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AbstractA sample of 290 individuals attending Evangelical Anglican churches and Anglo-Catholic churches in central England completed the Keirsey Temperament Sorter, a measure of psychological type preferences. Overall, there were clear preferences for sensing over intuition, for feeling over thinking, and for judging over perceiving, which is consistent with the findings of two earlier studies profiling the psychological type of Anglican churchgoers. However, there was also a significantly higher proportion of intuitives among Anglo-Catholics than among Evangelical Anglicans, which is consistent with the greater emphasis in Anglo-Catholic churches on mystery, awe, and the centrality of sacraments in worship which may resonate with the intuitive predisposition. The implications of these findings are discussed for the benefits of breadth and diversity within Anglicanism.
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Stuart, E. B. "Unjustly Condemned?: Roman Catholic Involvement in the APUC 1857–64". Journal of Ecclesiastical History 41, n.º 1 (janeiro de 1990): 44–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046900073401.
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The Association for the Promotion of the Unity of Christendom (APUC), a joint Anglican/Roman Catholic association of prayer, was founded on 8 September 1857. Seven years later it was condemned by the Holy See for encouraging indifferentism by claiming that the Roman, Greek and Anglican Churches had an equal right to the title ‘Catholic’, the distinctive mark of a true Church. The papal rescript in which the condemnation was contained, Ad omnes Angliae episcopos, also offered a precise definition of the nature of the ‘Catholic Church’ which, in effect, excluded all possible schemes for reunion between the Churches except on the basis of unconditional submission to the Holy See.
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Francis, Leslie J. "The Domestic and the General Function of Anglican Schools in England and Wales". International Journal of Education and Religion 1, n.º 1 (24 de julho de 2000): 100–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1570-0623-90000006.
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This paper differentiates between two functions in education of Anglican Schools. The domestic function focuses on the inward looking concern to equip the children of the church to take their place in the Christian community. The general function focuses on the outward looking concern to serve the nation through its children. The paper puts the discussion about these functions against the background of the criticism on Church schools. For the three decades between 1970 and 1998 the Anglican Church emphasized, implicitly and explicitly, the Church's general role in education. A new prominence is suggested for the Church's domestic role in education at the end of the 1990s and the beginning of the new millennium.
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Young, Richard Fox. "Holy Orders: Nehemiah Goreh's Ordination Ordeal and the Problem of 'Social Distance' in Nineteenth-Century North Indian Anglicanism". Church History and Religious Culture 90, n.º 1 (2010): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187124110x506491.
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AbstractUsing the example of Nehemiah Goreh, a mid nineteenth-century Brahmin Hindu convert to Christianity, the essay explores how Anglican missionaries interacted with Indian counterparts, sometimes encouraging their ordination (as was the case in the South), or (as was the case in the North) placing obstacles in their way. After an agonistically 'cognitive' struggle with Christian faith, Goreh was recommended for ordination by the Low-Church Anglican missionaries of Benares, only to be denied 'Holy Orders' by superiors in Calcutta, who felt that ordination would entail social intercourse of a kind detrimental to British status in colonial society. Having been a 'subaltern' of mission for some twenty years, Goreh converted again, this time to High-Church Anglicanism. I demonstrate that he did this not only to secure his ordination (High-Church Anglicans being less averse to having Indian counterparts), but also because, in the process of understanding the faith he had embraced, he had become convinced by High-Church Tractarians of the “Grace of Orders.” I argue, therefore, that Goreh's little-known ordination quest demonstrates exemplary integrity, politically and theologically.
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Coelho Filho, Luiz Carlos Teixeira. "Inclusivity the Brazilian Way: The Road to Same-sex Marriage in the Episcopal Anglican Church of Brazil". Journal of Anglican Studies 18, n.º 1 (maio de 2020): 9–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740355320000182.
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AbstractIn June 2018, the Igreja Episcopal Anglicana do Brasil’s (IEAB) General Synod voted, by an overwhelming majority, to amend its canons by redefining marriage as a ‘lifelong union between two people, regardless of sexual orientation or gender identity’.2 In this essay, I intend to describe the process that led to such decision both as the result of major changes that happened in Brazilian society and as a response to IEAB’s inner process of discernment and theology-making in parallel with other Anglican provinces. Rather than merely copying theological developments and discussions produced in the English-speaking world, IEAB creatively engaged foreign and local sources (Anglican and non-Anglican), thus producing a contextually based theology that led to its embracing of same-gender couples as full members, worthy of all sacraments and rites.
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Coelho, Luiz. "IEAB’s 2015 Book of Common Prayer: The Latest Chapter in the Evolution of the Book of Common Prayer in Brazil". Studia Liturgica 49, n.º 1 (março de 2019): 26–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0039320718808700.
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This article provides a first look at the 2015 Book of Common Prayer produced by the Igreja Episcopal Anglicana do Brasil (in English, Episcopal Anglican Church of Brazil). This is the newest Book of Common Prayer published by an Anglican province, featuring some aspects that go beyond what has been done in terms of liturgical revision around the Anglican Communion, and suggesting some further steps that other provinces and churches might take, as they assimilate better the principles of the Liturgical Movement. It is a fully gender-neutral worship book, with expansive language to address the Divine, and a considerable amount of liturgies that deal with local customs. It also features prayers that address themes such as gender equality, environmental preservation and social justice for minorities.
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Quinn, Frederick. "Covenants and Anglicans". Journal of Anglican Studies 6, n.º 2 (dezembro de 2008): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1740355308097406.
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ABSTRACTAlthough there is a strong movement within Anglicanism to produce a Covenant, this article argues against such an approach. Postponing dealing with today's problems by leaving them for a vaguely worded future document, instead of trying to clarify and resolve them now, and live in peace with one another, is evasive action that solves nothing. Also, some covenant proposals represent a veiled attempt to limit the role of women and homosexuals in the church.The article's core argument is that covenants were specifically rejected by Anglicans at a time when they swept the Continent in the sixteenth century. The Church of England had specifically rejected the powerful hierarchy of the Roman Catholic Church and the legalism of the Puritans in favor of what was later to become the Anglican via media, with its emphasis on an informal, prayerful unity of diverse participants at home and abroad. It further argues the Church contains sufficient doctrinal statements in the Creeds, Chicago-Lambeth Quadrilateral of 1886, 1888, and the Baptismal Covenant in the American Church's 1979 Book of Common Prayer.Covenant proponents argue their proposed document follows in the tradition of classic Anglicanism, but Quinn demonstrates this is not the case. He presents Richard Hooker and Jeremy Taylor as major voices articulating a distinctly Anglican perspective on church governance, noting Hooker ‘tried to stake out parameters between positions without digging a ditch others could not cross. Hooker placed prudence ahead of doctrinal argument.’ Taylor cited the triadic scripture, tradition and reason so central to Anglicanism and added how religious reasoning differs from mathematical and philosophical reasoning. The author notes that the cherished Reformation gift of religious reasoning is totally unmentioned in the flurry of documents calling for a new Anglican Covenant.
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Cornwall, Robert. "The Rite of Confirmation in Anglican Thought during the Eighteenth Century". Church History 68, n.º 2 (junho de 1999): 359–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3170861.
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S. L. Ollard's 1926 study of the Church of England's understanding and practice of the rite of confirmation remains the most significant examination of this topic for the eighteenth century. He insisted that eighteenth-century Anglicans took a low view of the rite, contending that the religious consequences of the Glorious Revolution set the tone for Anglican sacramental views. That the church allowed three unconfirmed monarchs (William III and the first two Georges) to receive the Eucharist provided evidence of the neglect of this rite. Louis Weil more recently echoes Ollard's critique, suggesting that after 1660 Anglican writers “virtually ignored the rite.” Weil believes that interest in the rite was limited to Thomas Wilson, the eighteenth-century bishop of Sodor and Man, and a few like-minded members of the “old high church tradition.” Thus, according to most accounts, Anglicans gave little attention to confirmation until the nineteenth century, when the Tractarians supposedly rediscovered the importance of the rite. Ironically, Weil undermines his own position by pointing out that the only “concentrated material” on the rite in the Tracts for the Times was a reprinting of the work on confirmation by the eighteenth-century bishop of Sodor and Mann, Thomas Wilson.
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Stetckevich, M. S. "ПАРЛАМЕНТСКАЯ РЕФОРМА 1832 ГОДА В АНГЛИИ — РЕЛИГИОЗНЫЙ КОНФЛИКТ?" Konfliktologia 13, n.º 2 (6 de junho de 2018): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.31312/2310-6085-2018-13-2-109-127.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the struggle for the first parliamentary reform in England (1830–1832) in order to get an answer on the question of the possibility of classifying this conflict as a religious one. The author proceeds from the previously formulated concept, according to which the most important feature, allowing to classify the conflict as religious, is the division of the subjects of the conflict on religious grounds, and not the presence, as many researchers believe, of religious motivation of the opposing sides. The article analyzes the position of the two main confessional groups of the early XIX century England on the issue of the parliamentary reform: Anglicans (members of the state Church of England) and radical Protestants — dissenters. The Church of England was closely connected with the English model of the «old order», based on the political dominance of the land-owning elite, the dissenters mostly belonged to the «middle class», which sought to reform the political system. Based on the analysis of the speeches of Anglican bishops in the Parliament, the results of the voting at the General elections, the preaching of the clergy, the Anglican and dissenter press, the author comes to the conclusion that most of dissenters supported the idea of reform, and the adherents of the established Church were deeply divided. Not only the supporters of the «old order» and the Tory party were Anglicans, but also the Whigs that put forward the idea of parliamentary reform. It was supported also by some of the Anglican clergy. Theological arguments for and against the reform were rare enough. This allows us to state the existence of religious aspects of the confrontation over the parliamentary reform, but not to qualify it as a full-fledged religious conflict between Anglicans and dissenters.
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Stetckevich, M. S. "ПАРЛАМЕНТСКАЯ РЕФОРМА 1832 ГОДА В АНГЛИИ — РЕЛИГИОЗНЫЙ КОНФЛИКТ?" Konfliktologia 13, n.º 2 (6 de junho de 2018): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.31312/2310-6085-2018-13-2-119-136.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of the struggle for the first parliamentary reform in England (1830–1832) in order to get an answer on the question of the possibility of classifying this conflict as a religious one. The author proceeds from the previously formulated concept, according to which the most important feature, allowing to classify the conflict as religious, is the division of the subjects of the conflict on religious grounds, and not the presence, as many researchers believe, of religious motivation of the opposing sides. The article analyzes the position of the two main confessional groups of the early XIX century England on the issue of the parliamentary reform: Anglicans (members of the state Church of England) and radical Protestants — dissenters. The Church of England was closely connected with the English model of the «old order», based on the political dominance of the land-owning elite, the dissenters mostly belonged to the «middle class», which sought to reform the political system. Based on the analysis of the speeches of Anglican bishops in the Parliament, the results of the voting at the General elections, the preaching of the clergy, the Anglican and dissenter press, the author comes to the conclusion that most of dissenters supported the idea of reform, and the adherents of the established Church were deeply divided. Not only the supporters of the «old order» and the Tory party were Anglicans, but also the Whigs that put forward the idea of parliamentary reform. It was supported also by some of the Anglican clergy. Theological arguments for and against the reform were rare enough. This allows us to state the existence of religious aspects of the confrontation over the parliamentary reform, but not to qualify it as a full-fledged religious conflict between Anglicans and dissenters.
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Toszek, Bartłomiej H. "The Anglican Church in Poland". Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego. Acta Politica 39 (2017): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18276/ap.2017.39-08.
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King, Benjamin. "The Church in Anglican Theology". Theology 113, n.º 874 (julho de 2010): 303–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040571x1011300427.
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Evans, G. R. "Book Reviews : The Anglican Church". Expository Times 109, n.º 3 (dezembro de 1997): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001452469710900322.
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Morris, Jeremy. "Saint John Henry Newman and ecumenism: an Anglican perspective". Theology 125, n.º 5 (setembro de 2022): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040571x221119278.
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This article considers the ecumenical significance of Saint John Henry Newman’s theology for Anglicanism. It notes Newman’s reservations about Anglicanism after 1845 and Anglican suspicion of Newman’s work until recently. It argues that in three areas – his understanding of Catholicity, authority and the laity – Anglicans still need to learn from Newman. This is anchored in his organic view of faith, and in the associated notions of dynamic Catholicity and spiritual ecumenism. The article concludes that the canonization, for Anglicans, is justified by Newman’s status as a modern doctor of the Church.
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Walters, Albert Sundararaj. "Anglican National Identity: Theological Education and Ministerial Formation in Multifaith Malaysia". Journal of Anglican Studies 6, n.º 1 (junho de 2008): 69–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1740355308091388.
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ABSTRACTMalaysia became an independent nation in 1957 and has grown dramatically in prosperity since that time. The main groups in this ethnically diverse nation are Malays (65 per cent) Chinese (26 per cent) and Indians (7.7 per cent). Sixty per cent of the population are Muslim which is the official religion of the nation. Christians represent about 9 per cent of the population and there are 80,000 Anglican members. There has been political pressure against Christians in recent years and there is growing concern about the position of minority religious groups. Anglicans came with the British, though indigenous mission was the work of Indian and Chinese Christians. Theological education is mainly focused on the Seminari Theoloji Malaysia where a holistic curriculum has been developed. A sense of Anglican identity is developing in relation to the context in Malaysia but this has hindered clarity on the nature of the Anglican heritage. The challenges facing the Anglican Church in Malaysia are identified.
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Nishihara, Renta. "For the Reconciliation and Unity of the Anglican Communion: A Japanese Perspective Post Lambeth 2008". Journal of Anglican Studies 7, n.º 2 (8 de outubro de 2009): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740355309990064.
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AbstractHow the Nippon Sei Ko Kai (NSKK), the Anglican Church in Japan, can respond to the discussion at the Lambeth Conference 2008? The NSKK celebrates its 150th anniversary of its missionary, beginning this year (2009). The NSKK is a diverse church where high and low, broad and liberal co-existed from the beginning, which in a way represented the epitome of the Anglican Communion. The NSKK officially expressed its position regarding the ‘Anglican Covenant’, at an early stage when the Windsor Report 2004 was issued; owning a binding force as in ‘Anglican Covenant’ does not match the spirit of Anglicanism which values the unity of diversity and autonomy of each province and diocese, and ‘Chicago-Lambeth Quadrilateral’ is enough for a guideline for the unity of Anglican Identity. The NSKK is a church, which values the principles of the consensus fidelium in the Anglicanism and focuses on the Anglican Consultative Council as the center.
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Sykes, Stephen. "The Anglican Experience of Authority". Studies in Church History 43 (2007): 419–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400003387.
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Several years ago, I had a conversation with an American Roman Catholic Archbishop with a substantial theological background, in the course of which I asked him to be frank about his impression of the American Episcopal Church. His reply was memorable: They appear not to want to say no to anything.’ This encapsulates the inherent difficulty in the idea of ‘inclusiveness’, or in the much-claimed virtue of ‘comprehensiveness’ which Anglicans and Episcopalians are wont to make. Two problems immediately present themselves. The first is that, without difficulty one can suggest views or actions of which it would be impossible for a church to be inclusive, at least with any semblance of loyalty to the New Testament. Then, secondly, the inclusion of disputed actions, such as the ordination of gay persons, presents a different order of difficulty from inclusiveness in relation to disputed beliefs. Churches characteristically have rules about who may, or may not be ordained into a representative ministry. Ordinands are ‘tried and examined’. But tolerance of diversity of belief is one thing: tolerance of diversity of practice another, as the churches of the Anglican Communion discovered when they simultaneously ordained women to the priesthood, but extended tolerance to the beliefs of those who asserted that the priesthood was reserved to males. The illogicality of that position is exposed by the discovery that those being received into the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church were publicly required to state that they accepted the ministry of the Church of England – a higher requirement than was imposed on newly ordained Anglican clergy. On the other hand, it was argued at the time, and the argument has force, that an acknowledged state of incoherence was preferable to overt schism.
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Byaruhanga, Christopher. "The Legacy of Bishop Frank Weston of Zanzibar 1871-1924 in the Global South Anglicanism". Exchange 35, n.º 3 (2006): 255–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157254306777814373.
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AbstractThe idea of comprehensiveness, which I call 'facing-both-ways' in matters of faith, is unknown, at least for now, in the Global South Anglicanism where the Anglican Church is used to preaching the Gospel plainly and unmistakably. The story of homosexuality in the Anglican Communion came to the spotlight at the 1998 Lambeth Conference, at which the Anglican bishops of the Global South of the Anglican Communion emerged as the most prominent opponents of any form of approval of homosexual practice by the Anglican Church. By asking the hard question as Bishop Frank Weston of Zanzibar did in 1913: Anglican Communion: For What Should She Stand? Anglican bishops of the Global South of the Anglican Communion drew the Communion's attention to the place and role of Global South Anglicanism in the Communion and World Christianity.
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LaGrone, Matthew. "The Anglican Imagination of Matthew Arnold". Journal of Anglican Studies 8, n.º 2 (7 de setembro de 2009): 200–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740355309990040.
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AbstractThis essay is an attempt to write Matthew Arnold into the narrative of Anglican thought in the nineteenth century. Overviews of general religious thought in the Victorian era give an appropriate nod to Arnold, but the institutional histories of the Anglican Church have not acknowledged his contributions to defining Anglican identity. In many ways, this is quite understandable: Arnold broke with much of traditional Christian doctrine. But, and just as significant, he never left the Church of England, and in fact he was an apologist for the Church at a time when even part of the clergy seemed alienated. He sought to expand the parameters of permitted religious opinion to include the largest number of English Christians in the warm embrace of the national Church. The essay concludes that the religious reflections of Arnold must be anchored in an Anglican context.
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Frame, Tom. "Agreeing on a Common Accountability: What Can the Anglican Communion Learn from Ernst Troeltsch?" Journal of Anglican Studies 2, n.º 2 (outubro de 2004): 106–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/174035530400200209.
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ABSTRACTIn the light of recent theological controversies, the Anglican Communion urgently needs what Archbishop Rowan Williams has described as an ‘agreement over a common accountability’. Such an agreement must differentiate the things that define the essence of the Anglican Church from those that merely imparta distinctive cultural flavour. It will be built on a nuanced theological debate involving questions of self-definition that recognize the social, economic, political and cultural contexts enveloping the Communion's various national churches. In the same way that social structures and economic conditions bear directly upon the shape of religious organizations, it will become apparent that political pressures and cultural mores influence doctrinal commitments. The church-sect-mystic group typology developed by Ernst Troeltsch has the potential to help the Anglican Communion understand the origins of its theological diversity as part of a larger project that seeks to maintain corporate identity and to preserve organizational unity. His attempts to define the ‘essence of Christianity’ in the context of what might otherwise seem random, chaotic and possibly irreconcilable responses to Christ's teaching offers some interpretative insights that will assist Anglicans achieve a consensus on which ‘agreement over a common accountability’ might be based.
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Greig, Martin. "Heresy hunt: Gilbert Burnet and the convocation controversy of 1701". Historical Journal 37, n.º 3 (setembro de 1994): 569–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00014886.
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ABSTRACTThe aim of the high church agitation in the 1690s for a convocation was to establish doctrinal discipline within the anglican church. When convocation met in 1701 the lower house produced censures on Toland's Christianity not mysterious and Burnet's Exposition of the thirty-nine articles.It was Francis Atterbury who insisted that Burnet's Exposition was heretical. He had long been critical of Burnet's views on the trinity and his erastian interpretation of English church history in his History of the reformation. And if Burnet's History was an attempt re-write English church history from the perspective of a latitudinarian, then his Exposition was its theological counterpart.It was assumed that the charges against Burnet were lost. But a copy of them has surfaced and it confirms that it was the connection between latitudinarians and dissent which led to the attack on Burnet. In his zeal to heal divisions within anglicanism and between anglicans and other protestants Burnet had introduced a ‘latitude and diversity of opinions’ which misrepresented true anglican doctrine. This was dangerous, because Burnet intended his Exposition as ‘a platform laid for Comprehension’ with the dissenters and other ‘Adversaries of our Church’. These included obvious heretics like socinians and the deist Toland.
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Mndolwa, Maimbo, e Philippe Denis. "Anglicanism, Uhuru and Ujamaa: Anglicans in Tanzania and the Movement for Independence". Journal of Anglican Studies 14, n.º 2 (9 de setembro de 2016): 192–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740355316000206.
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AbstractThe Anglican Church in Tanzania emerged from the work of the Universities’ Mission to Central Africa (UMCA) and the Australian Church Missionary Society (CMSA). The Anglican missions had goals which stood against colonialism and supported the victory of nationalism. Using archives and interviews as sources, this article considers the roles and reaction of the Anglican missions in the struggle for political independence in Tanganyika and Zanzibar, the effects of independence on the missions and the Church more broadly, and the responses of the missions to ujamaa in Tanzania.
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Muñoz, Daniel. "North to South: A Reappraisal of Anglican Communion Membership Figures". Journal of Anglican Studies 14, n.º 1 (26 de outubro de 2015): 71–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740355315000212.
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AbstractIn recent decades Anglicans have developed a largely unquestioned and unchallenged narrative of global growth and decline. This narrative tells a story of Anglicanism’s success being largely due to growth in developing, postcolonial nations which, according to the narrators, is ongoing and unstoppable. At the same time, first-world, mostly postmodern nations have seen a steep decline in church membership and attendance. Numeric growth and strength have been used to define ecclesial identity and to legitimate understandings of ‘Anglican orthodoxy’. This article offers an up-to-date reappraisal of Anglican Communion membership and, in that process, challenges many of the premises of such a narrative.
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Titre, Ande. "African Christology: Hope for the Anglican Communion". Journal of Anglican Studies 7, n.º 2 (novembro de 2009): 183–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740355309990192.
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AbstractThe Anglican Communion has been tested by difficult theological tensions that have painfully affected mission in different contexts. The troubled question is: ‘Who is Jesus Christ for Anglicans?’ This paper suggests that, as the spiritual centre has already shifted to the church in the Majority World, the reflections and insights of Africans concerning Jesus Christ should be taken into account in any Christological reflections. African Christology is more holistic as it integrates the person and the work of Christ, which apply to the whole of African life.Jesus, the Lord of cultures and the Healer, is alive today. He has overcome death so that God’s transforming power may heal our deeply wounded souls and our broken communities. The Anglican Communion should recognize the healing power of the Lord Jesus, and continually re-affirm the salvation in Christ, forgiveness of sins, transformation of life and incorporation into the holy fellowship of the church. The world needs the credible witness of Christians who live in the world, but are not of the world.
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Blake, Garth. "General Synod of the Anglican Church of Australia". Ecclesiastical Law Journal 11, n.º 1 (10 de dezembro de 2008): 101–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x09001744.
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The 14th General Synod of the Anglican Church of Australia was held in Canberra, against a backdrop of a number of important circumstances. Within the Anglican Church, the Appellate Tribunal had determined by a 4 to 3 majority that there was nothing in the Constitution to prevent a woman becoming a diocesan bishop. Within Australia, there were issues of drought and climate. Within the Anglican Communion, there was the ongoing international turmoil over human sexuality.
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Condie, Richard. "Response to Bishop Keith Joseph’s ‘The Challenge of Gafcon to the Unity of the Anglican Communion’". Journal of Anglican Studies 20, n.º 2 (24 de outubro de 2022): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740355322000328.
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AbstractThis is a response by Bishop Richard Condie, the Bishop of Tasmania and Chairman of Gafcon Australia, to the article by Bishop Keith Joseph (the Bishop of North Queensland, Australia) published in the Journal of Anglican Studies in May 2022. It engages with the nature and limits of unity in the Anglican Church before discussing the unique context of the Jerusalem Declaration and recent developments in the Anglican Church of Australia.
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Butcher, Andrew. "From Settlement to Super-diversity: The Anglican Church and New Zealand’s Diversifying Population". Journal of Anglican Studies 15, n.º 1 (28 de novembro de 2016): 108–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740355316000267.
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AbstractAnglicanism in New Zealand can be traced back to the beginning of New Zealand settlement itself. From its earliest days, the Anglican Church has deliberately set out to bridge divides between New Zealand’s indigenous population, Māori, and Europeans, though with mixed success. This article will illustrate that, even with this experience in bicultural engagement, the Anglican Church has not adapted well to the super-diverse multicultural New Zealand of the twenty-first century. Census data reveal that the Anglican Church has had a precipitous drop in numbers, and has a demographic profile that is much older and whiter than the general New Zealand, let alone Christian, population. This poses significant challenges for its ongoing sustainability. Given the common experience of super-diversity with other Western countries, this article provides a case study and a cautionary tale about the challenges and realities of the Anglican Church adjusting to a new multicultural society.
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Murray, Douglas M. "Anglican Recognition of Presbyterian Orders: James Cooper and the Precedent of 1610". Studies in Church History 32 (1996): 455–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400015564.
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One of the foremost advocates of union between the Anglican and Presbyterian Churches at the beginning of this century was James Cooper, Regius Professor of Ecclesiastical History in the University of Glasgow from 1898 to 1922. Cooper was the best-known representative within the Church of Scotland of the Scoto-Catholic or high-church movement which was expressed in the formation of the Scottish Church Society in 1892. One of the ‘special objects’ of the Society was the ‘furtherance of Catholic unity in every way consistent with true loyalty to the Church of Scotland’. The realization of catholic unity led high churchmen to seek what Cooper termed a ‘United Church for the British Empire’ which would include the union of the Church of Scotland and the Church of England. This new unity would require a reconciliation of differences and the elimination of diversities: on the one hand an acceptance of bishops by the Scottish Presbyterians; on the other an acceptance of the validity of Presbyterian orders by Episcopalians and Anglicans.
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Withycombe, Robert S. M. "Imperial Nexus and National Anglican Identity: The Australian 1911–12 Legal Nexus Opinions Revisited". Journal of Anglican Studies 2, n.º 1 (junho de 2004): 62–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/174035530400200107.
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ABSTRACTThe legal Opinion of eminent English Counsel on the legal nexus of the Australian Anglican colonial dioceses to their Mother Church in England was delivered on 20 June 1911. It provoked a decade of debate in diocesan, provincial and national synods that revealed how leading Australian Anglicans identified themselves before and after World War One. Great diversity appears among the responses of bishops, clergy and laity. Both enthusiasm for change and wariness of it were confined to no one region or diocese. Lay understandings and participation in these debates, along with churchmanship anxieties and long traditions of colonial diocesan independence, were among important factors that governed the Australian Anglicans' long march towards constitutional autonomy in 1962. Lambeth archives, printed Synod Reports, Australian secular and religious press reports are quarried to reconstruct these images of a diverse and uncertain pre-1921 Australian Anglican identity.
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Ellis, James. "Anglican Indigenization and Contextualization in Colonial Hong Kong: Comparative Case Studies of St. John’s Cathedral and St. Mary’s Church". Mission Studies 36, n.º 2 (10 de julho de 2019): 219–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15733831-12341650.
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Abstract The British Empire expanded into East Asia during the early years of the Protestant Mission Movement in China, one of history’s greatest cross-cultural encounters. Anglicans, however, did not accommodate local Chinese culture when they built St. John’s Cathedral in the British Crown Colony of Hong Kong. St. John’s had a prototypical English style and was a gathering place for the colony’s political and social elites, strengthening the new social order. The Cathedral spoke a Western architectural language that local residents could not understand and many saw Christianity as a strange, imposing, foreign religion. As indigenous Chinese Christians assumed leadership of Hong Kong’s Anglican Church, ecclesial architecture took on more Chinese elements, a transition epitomized by St. Mary’s Church, a Chinese Renaissance masterpiece featuring symbols from Taoism, Buddhism, and Chinese folk religions. This essay analyzes the contextualization of Hong Kong’s Anglican architecture, which made Christian concepts more relevant to the indigenous community.
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Podmore, C. J. "The Bishops and the Brethren: Anglican Attitudes to the Moravians in the Mid-Eighteenth Century". Journal of Ecclesiastical History 41, n.º 4 (outubro de 1990): 622–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046900075758.
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Most Anglican crises, including recent ones, seem to boil down in the end to two linked questions — those of identity and authority. Is the Church of England pre-eminently a national or a catholic Church, a Protestant Church (and if so, of what kind?) or Anglican and sui generis? With which of these types of Church should it align itself? Where lies the famed via media, and which are the extremes to be avoided? And who has the authority to decide: as a national Church, parliament, the government, the monarch personally; as an episcopal Church, the bishops? Or should the clergy in convocations (or, latterly, the General Synod, including representatives of the pious laity) take decisions? Anglican crises have always raised these twin problems of identity and authority. In the mid-eighteenth century — from the end of the 1730s and particularly in the 1740s — the Church of England faced another crisis. The Anglican bishops had to come to terms with the movement known as the ‘evangelical revival’. Principles had to be applied to a new situation. The bishops had to decide how to categorise the new societies (or would they become new churches?) which were springing up all over England.
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Douglas, Ian T. "Anglicans Gathering for God's Mission: A Missiological Ecclesiology for the Anglican Communion". Journal of Anglican Studies 2, n.º 2 (outubro de 2004): 9–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/174035530400200203.
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ABSTRACTThese are difficult times for the Anglican Communion. The crisis in global Anglicanism is not so much over human sexuality but rather over questions of identity and authority. Some church leaders are advocating structural and canonical solutions to maintain the integrity of the Anglican Communion. A missiological perspective, however, sees communion as a gift from God fostered through relationships in mission across difference. The Decade of Evangelism and pan-Anglican efforts to address international debt and the HIV/AIDS pandemic are examples of communion in mission relationships. A missiological ecclesiology for the Anglican Communion will lift up, celebrate, and encourage more meaningful relationships in God's mission. The Anglican Congresses of 1908, 1954 and 1963 are expressions of such a missiological ecclesiology. The proposed 2008 Anglican Congress or Gathering will unite and foster a deeper sense of communion across Anglicanism through enlivened mission relationships.
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Doe, Norman. "The Apostolic Constitution Anglicanorum Coetibus: An Anglican Juridical Perspective". Ecclesiastical Law Journal 12, n.º 3 (20 de agosto de 2010): 304–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x10000426.
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The Apostolic Constitution Anglicanorum Coetibus represents the latest, and perhaps one of the most controversial, developments in Anglican and Roman Catholic relations. The Apostolic Constitution is the juridical means by which Anglicans dissatisfied with recent initiatives in the Anglican Communion may enter as groups into full communion with Rome. It provides for the erection of ordinariates, a category equivalent to dioceses but one which is not elaborated in the Latin Code of Canon Law 1983. This article describes responses to the Apostolic Constitution, from the hostile to the welcoming, evaluates the provisions of the Apostolic Constitution, particularly those which effect integration of the faithful into the Latin church and those which allow for the continuation of elements of their former traditions, and evaluates the ways in which the laws of Anglican churches may be employed either to hinder or to help the departure of those seeking entry to an ordinariate.