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BIONDO DAGNE, DANIEL. "GESTÃO DE RECURSOS INTANGÍVEIS: UMA ANÁLISE DO MERCADO ESPORTIVO". Revista Científica Semana Acadêmica 09, n.º 212 (29 de julho de 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35265/2236-6717-212-9154.
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This article aimed to analyze the management of intangible resources through soccer player transactions carried out by Brazilian and Portuguese clubs in the last five seasons, seeking to identify and analyze factors that have made Portuguese clubs references in the area, and how Brazilian clubs that generally act as player trainers can learn to do profitable business. To achieve this goal, the two Brazilian clubs that collected the most from player negotiations in each country in Brazil were analyzed: Clube de Regatas do Flamengo and São Paulo Futebol Clube, and in Portugal: Futebol Clube do Porto and Sport Lisboa Benfica. Due to the absence of scientific works and the contemporary nature of this business segment, the research was guided by the following questions: How do transactions work; How important is this revenue to the club's budget; Analysis of transactions carried out in recent years; Profile of club transactions and financial results ascertained by clubs. In the search for answers to these questions, the management of football clubs as a business, the football market, the way in which transactions take place were analyzed. The research demonstrated how strategic management is necessary for the effectiveness of club administration in terms of profitability.
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Røynesdal, Øystein B., Femke van Nassau, Nai Rui Chng, Hugo Pereira, Eivind Andersen, Christopher Bunn, Judith G. M. Jelsma et al. "Exploring the provision and motives behind the adoption of health-promotion programmes in professional football clubs across four European countries". PLOS ONE 16, n.º 11 (19 de novembro de 2021): e0259458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259458.
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This study mapped existing health-promotion provisions targeting adults in professional football clubs across England, the Netherlands, Norway, and Portugal, and explored motives behind the clubs’ adoption of the European Fans in Training (EuroFIT) programme. We surveyed top-tier football clubs in the four countries and interviewed representatives from football clubs and the clubs’ charitable foundation who delivered EuroFIT. The findings showed large between-country differences, with football clubs in England reporting far greater healthy lifestyle provision than other countries. Relatively few health-promotion programmes targeted adults, particularly in the Netherlands, Portugal, and Norway. Club representatives reported that the motives for adopting the EuroFIT programme often involved adhering to both the social objectives of the football club or club’s foundation and business-related objectives. They viewed the scientific evidence and evaluation underpinning EuroFIT as helpful in demonstrating the value and potential future impact of both the programme and the clubs’ wider corporate social responsibility provision.
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Coates, Dennis, Iuliia Naidenova e Petr Parshakov. "Transfer Policy and Football Club Performance: Evidence from Network Analysis". International Journal of Sport Finance 15, n.º 3 (agosto de 2020): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.32731/jsf.2020.a927060.
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Abstract: This study considers the football transfer market as a network and analyzes how characteristics of a football club’s player transfer network activities influence club performance. We use data on 23,220 unique football clubs from 189 countries from 1996 through 2016. Our results show that for sport performance the best strategy is to have well-established relations with a limited number of partner clubs, especially in the domestic league. However, transfer policy focused on international deals improves financial performance of football clubs. These findings provide club management with insights on optimal transfer policy with regard to the balance between sport and financial performance.
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Carvalho, Fabio Santos Mariano, Patrick Onofre Chemp de Castro e Ricardo César da Silva Guabiroba. "Eficiência e eficácia de clubes de futebol – uma análise comparativa". Revista Produção e Desenvolvimento 2, n.º 2 (30 de agosto de 2016): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32358/rpd.2016.v2.124.
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Paper objective is to analyze the performance of football clubs, comparing Brazilian and European club’s. From this analysis, it is expected investigate three hypotheses: (1) the analyzed Brazilian clubs have a worse financial performance compared to the performance of European clubs; (2) the chosen management model is crucial for football clubs achieve good performance and (3) football clubs that have high financial performance, also have high efficacy regarding the amount of wins in games played in 2014. To achieve this goal, a procedure was structured in four steps: (1) defining the clubs, (2) development of indicators and performance measures, (3) aggregation of measures for each club and (4) sorting and analysis of clubs. As a result of this analysis, it was found that the three hypotheses under discussion were false. It was also found that most Brazilian clubs have low effectiveness and low/medium financial performance. In contrast, most European clubs have high effectiveness and medium/high financial performance.
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Metelski, Adam, e Marcin Leszczyński. "The digital transformation of football clubs based on the example of social media". Journal of Education, Health and Sport 12, n.º 5 (23 de maio de 2022): 204–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2022.12.05.015.
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Purpose: Digital transformation has significant growth potential for countries and organizations, and this also applies to sports. One of the examples of digital transformation is the use of social media by football clubs. Their goal is to arouse interest and maintain relationships with as many fans as possible. The article aims to present the significance of social media in football clubs, as well as to identify factors that may affect the number of clubs’ followers.
Design/methodology/approach: The article presents which football clubs are the most popular on social media today, and on the example of FC Barcelona, Juventus F.C., and Paris Saint-Germain F.C. shows how the number of followers has changed in last few years. What's more, on the example of the top Polish football league – Ekstraklasa, it was checked what factors affect the number of clubs’ followers.
Findings: In the analysed clubs, the highest increase in followers was recorded among Instagram users. The study based on Ekstraklasa, showed that there is a significant correlation between sports results and the number of followers. This means that a better position in the league is associated with more followers on social media. The example of the Ekstraklasa also showed that the club's city population is strongly positively correlated with the number of its followers.
Research and practical limitations/implications: The limitation of the study is that it focuses only on football and selected clubs. Accordingly, in some countries or sports may occur different dependencies.
Originality/value: Nowadays, the number of social media followers is an indicator of a club’s popularity and commercial appeal, all of which is directly related to the finances of a club. Therefore, identifying the factors that may affect the number of football clubs’ followers seems to be important from the perspective of the whole professional sport.
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Santacruz Lozano, JA, AL Clemente Remón, JE Jiménez-Beatty Navarro e V. Jiménez Díaz-Benito. "Los clubes deportivos de natación de Cataluña en el actual contexto competitivo del sector de las instalaciones deportivas". SPORT TK-Revista EuroAmericana de Ciencias del Deporte 10, n.º 1 (1 de janeiro de 2021): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/sportk.461571.
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Los clubes de natación son entidades sin ánimo de lucro con fines deportivos y sociales. El objetivo general del estudio fue conocer la gestión de los clubes de natación en Cataluña cumpliendo su función social y deportiva en el actual entorno competitivo de instalaciones deportivas. Los objetivos específicos fueron conocer sus valores en indicadores de gestión, así como saber si existen diferencias significativas entre los clubes según sus espacios y oferta deportiva. La muestra del estudio ha sido formada por 19 clubes deportivos de natación de Cataluña. El instrumento de recogida de datos fue un cuestionario adaptado a los objetivos del estudio, administrado por correo electrónico a los gerentes de cada club. Los clubes obtienen los ingresos necesarios para lograr sus fines deportivos y sociales gracias a las cuotas de sus socios. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre ellos según los espacios y oferta deportiva en diferentes indicadores de gestión analizados. Swimming clubs are non-profit entities for sports and social purposes. The general objective of the study was to know the management of swimming clubs in Catalonia, fulfilling their social and sports role in the current competitive environment of sports facilities. As specific objectives were to know their values on management indicators, as well as to know if significant differences between swimming clubs are found, taking in consideration their areas and sports offer. The study sample consists of 19 swimming clubs of Catalonia. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire adapted to the objectives of the study, administered by email to the managers of each club. The clubs obtain the necessary income to achieve their sporting and social goals thanks to the fees of their members. It was found significant differences between them according to the spaces and sports offer in different management indicators analyzed.
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Roy, Neil Edmund, Roberto Ayala e Azizur Khan. "Is Soccer Played Fairly?" Deakin Papers on International Business Economics 3, n.º 1 (1 de julho de 2010): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dpibe2010vol3no1art189.
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Club soccer today is bigger than it has ever been. The passion people have for their respective clubs can almost certainly be paralleled to that of their national teams. As a sport soccer goes above and beyond the theatrics witnessed on the field. The mechanics involved behind the scenes more often than not determine a club’s success, or lack of it. It is an international sport that elicits passion and pride among supporters culminating into a multimillion dollar business. And like any other firm in a market a club aims to maximise profits at the lowest possible costs. An unavoidable result of the manner in which the soccer market operates is the rather evident disparity that exists amongst soccer clubs today. We have grown accustomed to viewing soccer in an environment tainted with disparity. Over the years, we have been desensitised to how bigger clubs such as Real Madrid and Manchester United seem to only grow bigger. While smaller clubs such as, Xerez and Portsmouth, have to contend with comparatively trivial issues pertaining to merely surviving.
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Dauncey, Hugh. "Cycling Sociability and Sport in Belle Époque France: the Véloce-club bordelais (1878–92)". STADION 44, n.º 2 (2020): 231–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0172-4029-2020-2-231.
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The short-lived Véloce-club bordelais (1878-92) was one of France’s leading Belle époque cycling clubs. Although provincial, it was influential in developing cycle-sport nationally, including creating Bordeaux-Paris (1891), one of the founding races of cycling as a developing sport. Study of the internal life of the club shows how its social and sporting identity negotiated centrifugual and centripital forces within the institutional framework of associationism. Searching for the best organisational model for cycling sport and associativity in a period of rapid change in French sport and society, the club was refounded on a number of occasions but, despite many achievements, ultimately collapsed. As an early pioneer club, the Véloce-club bordelais (VCB) was partly a victim of its own success: having struggled to create a new ecosystem of cycling as sport and sociability, changing interests of Bordeaux’s social elite in new, motorised pursuits, or to cycle-touring rather than racing, removed the raison d’être of the club. The club’s demise subsequently created space in the sports-scape for new cycling clubs and other sports associations. Detailed analysis of club activities, internal organisation and management, membership and finances is enabled by its symbiotic relationship with the Véloce-Sport newspaper, which published and discussed much of the club’s sporting, social and administrative life. Close interpretation of the VCB’s brief but intense history shows how sporting sociability intersected with local government, politics and society and how the internal functioning of sports associations in France’s Belle époque demonstrates the significance of sports clubs as part of civil society.
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Alaminos, David, Ignacio Esteban e Manuel A. Fernández-Gámez. "Financial Performance Analysis in European Football Clubs". Entropy 22, n.º 9 (21 de setembro de 2020): 1056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22091056.
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The financial performance of football clubs has become an essential element to ensure the solvency and viability of the club over time. For this, both the theory and the practical and regulatory evidence show the need to study financial factors, as well as sports and corporate factors to analyze the possible flow of income and for good management of the club’s accounts, respectively. Through these factors, the present study analyzes the financial performance of European football clubs using neural networks as a methodology, where the popular multilayer perceptron and the novel quantum neural network are applied. The results show the financial performance of the club is determined by liquidity, leverage, and sporting performance. Additionally, the quantum network as the most accurate variant. These conclusions can be useful for football clubs and interest groups, as well as for regulatory bodies that try to make the best recommendations and conditions for the football industry.
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Othman H. AlAbdullah, Hassan. "The association between Saudi football clubs and the loyalty of their fanbase, a cross-sectional study." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 10, n.º 09 (5 de setembro de 2022): 3830–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v10i9.em03.
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This cross-sectional study analyzes the association between Saudi football clubs and the loyalty of their fanbase and evaluates how the fans are acting as consumers toward their football clubs. Data was collected through a questionnaire. The research was carried out on a sample of 2,317 participants. The findings show that more than half of participants have attended a football match in the Saudi football league whereas 23.7% preferred to watch their favorite team in the stadium. Furthermore, the loyalty of the fans can also be evaluated by the purchases of the club related products as the participants majority own their favorite club shirts where almost half of them have purchased another club’s products. The limitations of the study that it is focused on limited behaviors of the fans and further investigations can be achieved to include what are the factors preventing the fans from being loyal to their football clubs or why they are not attending to the stadiums although they have showed the intention to.
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Rifai, Irfan, Anesti Budi Esmerawati, Rusiana Rusiana, Lanoke Intan Paradita, Christina Lhaksmita Anandari e Ahriyana S. Pattiwael. "Fostering the Love of Reading: Dynamics and Sustainability of Book Clubs in Indonesian Universities". Lingua Cultura 17, n.º 1 (16 de junho de 2023): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/lc.v17i1.9735.
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The research aimed to reveal the dynamics of the book clubs that the researchers started with and for Indonesian EFL (English as a Foreign Language) students at the university level, as well as the club's impacts on students' learning. Book clubs were essential in nurturing students' reading habits as a community. Studies found that book club activities affected one’s engagement in reading by giving readers the voice, room to participate actively, social support, and the choice to decide what they read. Indonesian university students in the EFL context faced reading engagement issues; the researchers initiated book clubs with the unified mission of growing students' love of reading and forming good reading habits. The research reported a qualitative study of a group of Indonesia Extensive Reading Association (IERA) members sharing reflections on establishing and managing book clubs or literature circles in six universities in Indonesia where the researchers taught. The data of participants' reflections were gathered and analyzed iteratively to find common themes or patterns. As a result, the research finds that the book club activities have fostered the love of reading and inferred the empowerment of collaboration, communication, creativity, and critical thinking. The research also reveals that in setting up a book club at the university level, the support of the university and the readers' community and extended networks are needed. For a book club to sustain itself, four aspects must be considered: participants' involvement, product-oriented activities, voluntarism of participants, and rewards.
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STERBENZ, FREDERIC P., e TODD SANDLER. "SHARING AMONG CLUBS: A CLUB OF CLUBS THEORY *". Oxford Economic Papers 44, n.º 1 (janeiro de 1992): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.oep.a042027.
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Lower-Hoppe, Leeann M., Mark A. Beattie, Daniel E. Wray, Richard L. Bailey, Tarkington J. Newman e Annemarie Farrell. "The Relationships Between Sport Club Activities and University and Member Attachment". Recreational Sports Journal 44, n.º 1 (6 de fevereiro de 2020): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558866120904037.
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Given the social purpose of sport clubs, an anticipated outcome of club participation is a sense of attachment to the university and campus community. However, the sport behaviors that contribute to club members’ social attachment are largely unknown. Therefore, this study sought to examine which sport club activities are related to university and member attachment. A survey was administered to 175 sport club members at a large public university in the United States. Using a multivariate analysis of variance, sport clubs with moderately low to high social inclusionary tactics reported significantly greater university attachment than clubs with low tactics. Additionally, clubs with high social inclusionary tactics reported significantly greater member attachment than clubs with low to moderately high tactics. No significant difference in attachment was found when accounting for clubs’ frequency of competition or travel. The findings support the use of formal socialization to enhance club members’ feelings of attachment.
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Arfiansyah, Dhika, e Anirotul Qoriah. "Survei Sarana Dan Prasarana Cabang Olahraga Bola Voli Se-Kabupaten Tegal". Indonesian Journal for Physical Education and Sport 3, n.º 1 (23 de junho de 2022): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/inapes.v3i1.55469.
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The purpose of this study was to Facilities and Infrastructure for Volleyball Sports in Tegal Regency.. This research is a qualitative, descriptive study using a survey method. data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The sample in this study were all volleyball clubs registered with the Tegal Regency PBVSI Management. The results showed that the average infrastructure for volleyball clubs in Tegal Regency was sufficient. For volleyball clubs who feel inadequate in terms of facilities, there is only one club. As for infrastructure, there is 1 volleyball club, the infrastructure is in poor condition, and 1 club is under repair. The results of the study concluded: 1) the availability of infrastructure owned by most clubs was already available; 1 volleyball club had insufficient infrastructure; 2) feasibility, all volleyball clubs were suitable for use; there were 3 clubs with insufficient infrastructure.
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Stieger, Raphael, Romano Meier, Grazia Lang e Siegfried Nagel. "Professionalisation and its consequences for the governance of sports clubs in semi-professional team sports". Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS) 8, n.º 2 (14 de fevereiro de 2023): 034. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/2023.2ciss034.
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Sports clubs in semi-professional team sports professionalise their management particularly often due to expectations from internal and external stakeholders. Likely, they separate their elite section from other sections at some point during their professionalisation process. Promoting factors are the entrepreneurial risks and the high use of resources of the elite section. However, there are different approaches regarding the legal form of the separated elite section. While some sports clubs organise the elite section as a separated club, others choose a profit oriented legal form, like a limited liability company (LLC) or a stock company. Here, the following question arises: What are the consequences of the varying approaches for the governance of the sports clubs?
Nagel et al. (2015) use a multi-level framework for the analysis of professionalisation in sports federations, which can be similarly used to analyse professionalisation processes in sports clubs. The framework shows, that professionalisation forms can lead to positive and negative consequences, such as changes in the governance structures. However, the chosen legal form and its (non) profit orientation leaves room for club-specific governance structures (Lang et al., 2019).
This study is part of an international project on professionalisation processes of sports clubs. The research design is a case study design. It analyses two Swiss sports clubs that engage in a men’s semi-professional team sports league. Both sport clubs separated their elite and amateur sections. The volleyball club organised the elite section as a member association, just like the amateur section. The handball club chose a LLC for their elite section. Data collection consisted of three parts: documentary analysis, expert interviews with decision-makers and focus groups with club members. The data was analysed using causation coding and visualisation strategies.
The results show, that the elite section of the volleyball club employed a full-time paid CEO, while the management of the handball club’s LLC relied exclusively on voluntary work. This might be explained by more financial resources of and higher demands on the international playing volleyball club. For both sports clubs, a decreasing identification of the amateur section with the elite section was a challenge at the beginning of the separation. Although both clubs believe that they have overcome this challenge thanks to joint events, the recruitment of volunteers for the elite sports is still a challenge.
In conclusion, the professionalisation processes and the separation of elite and amateur sports led to changes in the governance of the sports clubs. However, the assumption that profit oriented legal forms tend to employ more paid staff could not be confirmed. Future research is needed to challenge these findings and to discover further approaches of governance structures.
References
Lang, G., Ströbel, T., & Nagel, S. (2019). Professionalization forms in mixed sport industries: is it time to rethink the stereotypes of non-profit and for-profit sport organizations? Managing Sport and Leisure, 24(4), 208-225. https://doi.org/10.1080/23750472.2019.1611470
Nagel, S., Schlesinger, T., Bayle, E., & Giauque, D. (2015). Professionalisation of sport federations: A multi-level framework for analysing forms, causes and consequences. European Sport Management Quarterly, 15(4), 407-433. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2015.1062990
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Bürgi, Rahel, Angela Gebert, Hanspeter Stamm e Markus Lamprecht. "The development of Swiss sports clubs: Membership, volunteering, professionalization". Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS) 9, n.º 2 (6 de fevereiro de 2024): 010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss010.
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Introduction The Swiss Sports Observatory has been conducting the national club survey since 1996. Every six years, the club managers of all sports clubs belonging to an association affiliated to Swiss Olympic are asked to complete a questionnaire. The survey is supported by Swiss Olympic, the Federal Office of Sport and other partners and provides information on the development of Swiss sports clubs, their structures and performance, as well as their strategies and prospects. The latest club survey was published at the end of 2023 (Bürgi et al., 2023). Methods The 2023 club survey is based on an online survey of 6,782 sports clubs. With a total of 18,229 sports clubs contacted, this results in a participation rate of 37.2%. The results were validated and their representativeness checked through various comparisons with other surveys (survey of the associations and the population surveys "Sport Schweiz 2020" and "Freiwilligen-Monitor"). Results The number of sports clubs - but not the number of active members - has fallen slightly in recent years. However, the large number of small clubs continues to characterize the Swiss club system. The high density of clubs ensures a wide range of activities, but also ties up a lot of resources and leads to increased fluctuation among members. The vast majority of active members as well as children and young people are active in medium-sized and large clubs. The number of active club members has remained stable for many years. There has been no decline in club memberships, but the clubs cannot profit from population growth and the sports boom. There are also significant changes in the club structure: clubs are growing among children but losing members among adults. This development has an impact on the recruitment of volunteers. Voluntary work therefore remains the foundation of club sport, but also the number one challenge. The problem cannot be solved with increased professionalization. Although there is more paid work in clubs today, the need for volunteers is still growing. Club budgets also place limits on professionalization. Staff cost is already the largest expense item today. The financial situation of Swiss sports clubs has not generally deteriorated in recent years. However, it has not been possible to tap into new sources of income either and membership fees cannot be increased at will. Discussion/Conclusion Overall, Swiss sports clubs have coped well with the various challenges of recent years. At the same time, the proportion of clubs facing problems that threaten their existence is increasing. Only with the active further development of club work and differentiated approaches to solutions, which help to meet the growing demands placed on clubs and the associated increased need for volunteers and paid staff, will clubs remain a central pillar of Swiss sport in the future (Lamprecht & Nagel, 2022). References Bürgi, R., Lamprecht, M., Gebert, A. & Stamm, H. P. (2023). Sportvereine in der Schweiz 2022. Entwicklungen, Herausforderungen und Perspektiven [Sports clubs in Switzerland in 2022: Developments, challenges and prospects]. Swiss Olympic. Lamprecht, M. & Nagel, S. (2022). Sportsoziologie: Einführung [Sociology of sport: Introduction]. Nomos.
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Burke, Danita Catherine. "Club Diplomacy in the Arctic". Global Governance 25, n.º 2 (10 de junho de 2019): 304–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19426720-02502004.
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Abstract The Arctic Council is frequently called a unique forum but, as this article argues, clubs are common in international politics and in many respects the Arctic Council is a club. This article explores the questions: Why are the Arctic states acting like a club in Arctic politics, and how do internal hierarchies influence how clubs make decisions? As the article illustrates, clubs are the stage for club diplomacy and, in club diplomacy, hierarchies play an important role. Using the Arctic Council as an illustrative case study, this article argues that clubs have internal hierarchies that inform their decision-making processes and their responses to challenges to their status. When clubs try to deal with subjects that extend beyond the boundaries of the sovereignty of club members and the parameters of club membership, club members may suffer from a lack of status and legitimacy to unilaterally deal with the subject.
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Skille, Eivind, e Cecilia Stenling. "Inside-out and outside-in: Applying the concept of conventions in the analysis of policy implementation through sport clubs". International Review for the Sociology of Sport 53, n.º 7 (15 de janeiro de 2017): 837–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1012690216685584.
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The aim of this article is to enrich theoretically the analysis of processes of policy implementation through sport clubs. Subsequent to reviewing previous theoretical contributions on this topic, we make the case that available conceptualizations are marked by an inside-out perspective and that they conceptually and empirically stop short at the end implementer, i.e. the sport club. Consequently, analyses of policy implementation through sport clubs have not taken into account the fact that sport clubs are distinctly local phenomena. As such, past, current and potential future participants, volunteers and local inter-organizational relationships are found in a sport club’s local community. Because of this, there is a need for a concept that provides analytical coverage of an outside-in perspective, i.e. a concept that takes into account outside actors’ conceptions of the implementing sport club and the impact their views have on the implementation process. In relation to this need, we propose the application of the concept ‘convention’. In addition to describing the concept, we exemplify the methodological and analytical implications of its use in sport policy implementation analysis.
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Barrows, Clayton, e David Bachrach. "Private club culture in London and New York during the Victorian era". Hospitality & Society 00, n.º 00 (7 de julho de 2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/hosp_00040_1.
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The private club literature is disparate and rarely draws comparisons between or among club cultures. In this article, club culture in New York and London are compared. Specifically, the history of private clubs in London and New York is explored, focusing on the latter part of the nineteenth century. Historical documents are reviewed in an attempt to establish the club culture in the respective cities, how clubs were viewed within their communities, and similarities that existed between ‘Club Land’ in London and similar club clusters in New York. While the press coverage in the respective cities seems to have been equally admiring of clubs and ‘clubmen’, some differences are identified between the respective club cultures and club identities, particularly with respect to the inclusivity of the clubs, and the expectations for the participation of women and married men in club life.
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Buser, Matthias, e Siegfried Nagel. "The structural anchoring of integration measures in Swiss football clubs". Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS) 8, n.º 2 (14 de fevereiro de 2023): 049. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/2023.2ciss049.
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Sports clubs are considered as offering integration for people with a migration background (PMB), for example, by building social contacts or a sense of belonging. Conversely, PMB are also important to sports clubs, as demographic changes means their inclusion as new members is increasingly seen as necessary. Nevertheless, PMB are clearly underrepresented in many sports, while high PMB participation in sports such as football can be a segregated participation form. Causes for this are often located at the level of the individual, where, for example, cultural differences are highlighted. However, studies have also analysed how clubs can succeed in initiating opening processes and implementing integrative programmes (e.g. Borggrefe & Cachay, 2021). It is notable that primarily individual, committed club actors deal with integration in clubs, and that there can also be scepticism and resistance from other members. Integration is rarely anchored in structures of the clubs (e.g. specific goals towards integration). This paper considers the ways integration measures in Swiss football clubs are embedded in club structures. For this purpose, we draw on case studies using expert interviews in 12 Swiss football clubs that implement integrative measures and can therefore be expected to have a certain structural anchoring.
Initial analyses indicate that in many clubs such efforts are not structurally anchored. This is particularly relevant to clubs that became active in response to the wave of refugees from 2015 onwards. The commitment of these clubs is often based on the sense of social responsibility of committed club officials who create opportunities for refugees who want to play football with the club. In some clubs, these individuals become informal contact persons for PMB. They coordinate integration and counter scepticism in the club. However, this additional task is not anchored structurally, and disappears when the wave of refugees recedes. Other clubs fulfil relevant criteria to participate in a Swiss Football Association programme to receive free training material. In one club, program participation helps naming and communicating the integrative commitment within the club. In a small number of clubs, a stronger structural anchoring is evident. For example, when faced with significant challenges in everyday sports, such as excessive conflicts or demands on coaches, a newly employed social worker or an especially created integration committee can be found. In one club, a cultural anchoring can be observed with various club actors demonstrating diverse integration efforts. Another club is implementing a cantonal label for financial reasons, and to this purpose, regularly addresses integration issues at board meetings.
This paper analyses the structural anchoring of inclusive efforts in football clubs. Existing research shows that this is often dealt with by individual actors and is not structurally anchored. Anchoring is mainly seen when challenges of inclusion require such response. Good practice studies from sports that are less popular with PMB can show the extent to which structural adaptations can be traced back to planned opening processes.
References
Borggrefe, C., & Cachay, K. (2021). Interkulturelle Öffnung von Sportvereinen – Theoretische Überlegungen und empirische Ergebnisse [Intercultural opening of sports clubs - Theoretical considerations and empirical results]. Sport und Gesellschaft, 18(2), 157–186. https://doi.org/10.1515/sug-2021-0013
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Užík, Martin, Roman Warias e Jozef Glova. "Management of Transfer Prices in Professional Football as a Function of Fan Numbers". Mathematics 10, n.º 16 (18 de agosto de 2022): 2982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10162982.
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The intention of this paper is to provide new academic insights regarding an economically explainable valuation of transfer prices for European football players based on mathematical modeling. Football is the most popular sport in the world followed by approximately 3.5 billion people. The increasing commercialization and professionalization of the industry implies that every area of a football club is constantly put to the test for improvements. Especially after suffering financially under the consequences of the worldwide pandemic, clubs focus not only on sporting success but also on financial survival. Only financially stable clubs have the resources to be more successful. An expensive team does not have to be successful in terms of sports performance. However, a successful team in sports is expensive in the long run. Increasing digitalization offers new revenue potentials for football clubs that focus on selling merchandise in addition to gameday revenues and its media exploitation rights. However, player transfers have become increasingly important because these costs and revenues increased substantially in the relevance of a club’s financial situation. Regarding transfer costs, the question arises as to how transfer fees are determined and which factors have a major influence here. Clubs try to find new ways of evaluating the potential profit of player transfers to lower the risk of failed player investments. The aim of this article is to quantify the popularity of a football player in terms of his merchandising potential to amortize his transfer price. The mathematically formulated relationship calculates a reference value for a player, taking performance, age, number of customers purchasing merchandise, and player position into account. The information gained can be used by managers of European football clubs as a guide in transfer negotiations. For 6907 players of the European top leagues, we analyzed data in the period from 2003 to 2019. For 409 players in the season of 2018/2019 complete data sets were available, so that a model for calculating a theoretical transfer fee for a player during that season could be determined. The results of the study and the developed model suggest that, based on the available data, a football club should offer either one-year or three-year contracts to a transferred player, depending on the anticipated profit margin of merchandise sales and the quota of potential buyers of the products representing a percentage of the number of customers purchasing merchandise. This information gives football club’s management the chance to make better transfer decisions for the individual situation of the player and the club itself. Due to the increased importance of transfers on a football club’s financial performance, better transfer decision making leads to an improved financial stability of the respective clubs and eventually to sporting success.
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Stretesky, Paul B., Margaret Anne Defeyter, Michael A. Long, Zeibeda Sattar e Eilish Crilley. "Holiday Clubs as Community Organizations". ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 689, n.º 1 (maio de 2020): 129–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716220917657.
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Holiday clubs—publicly or privately operated organizations that provide child care services and healthy food to disadvantaged children in the United Kingdom (UK) when schools are not in session—are increasing in number. We know a good deal about the effectiveness of the clubs in terms of nutrition-related outcomes, but little is known about the anti-poverty resources these holiday clubs may provide. The possibility that club funding may be centralized through the national government requires a better understanding of holiday club resources. This study describes the range of resources that holiday clubs deliver and reports on how these resources are acquired and brokered by club staff and volunteers. We use data from seventeen clubs operating in disadvantaged communities in North East England during the summer of 2017, and find that clubs deliver an assortment of anti-poverty resources that are often tied to staff (personal and professional) networks.
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Stieger, Raphael, Romano Keller-Meier, Grazia Lang e Siegfried Nagel. "Professionalisation and governance in Swiss sports clubs – Establishing a club office". Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS) 9, n.º 2 (6 de fevereiro de 2024): 011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/2024.2ciss011.
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Introduction Sports clubs in Switzerland face increasing expectations and challenges from internal and external stakeholders. Therefore, more and more sports clubs professionalise their structures and processes, e.g., by establishing a club office with (part-time) employees. Since there is little knowledge in the sports management literature about the causes, forms and consequences of establishing a club office, this study answers the following research questions based on the multi-level framework from Nagel et al. (2015): Why and how do Swiss sports clubs establish a club office? What are the consequences of establishing a club office? Methods We selected five Swiss sports clubs in the context of a multiple case study design (Yin, 2014). Case selection aimed to include sports clubs of varying sizes, sports and professionalisation types. Data were collected through document analysis, expert interviews with decision-makers and focus groups with club members. Data were analysed using causation coding (Miles et al., 2014). Results Findings show different causes for establishing a club office. The main reason was to relieve volunteer board members. The various causes imply different roles and responsibilities of the established club office. While in some sports clubs, the club office is primarily responsible for administrative tasks, in others, it is also responsible for sponsorship. This circumstance explains why some sports clubs did not have to increase their membership fees to finance the club office because they could increase their sponsorship revenue. Although the club office staff is paid in all sports clubs, the volume of work varies. However, the paid staff often works more than agreed (“volunteer professionals”). Regarding the consequences, all sports clubs that established a club office are satisfied with their decision. Positive consequences are that a “place to go” was created for internal and external stakeholders, and many club processes are more efficient now. However, establishing a club office with (part-time) employees raises the question of strategic and operational responsibilities and decision-making power. Discussion/Conclusion The findings offer several implications for sports clubs that want to establish a club office. At the same time, the study provides further research perspectives. First, it might be insightful to analyse if there are any relevant differences in whether a sports club transforms its secretariat into a club office or establishes a club office for the first time. Second, there are further changes regarding the organisational structures and processes that are worth looking at when analysing the establishment of a club office, such as creating an executive/management board or employing a (paid) CEO. To conclude, it might be interesting to analyse sports clubs that have established a club office but shut it down after a while. References Miles, M. B., Hubermann, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis. A Methods Sourcebook (3rd ed.). SAGE. Nagel, S., Schlesinger, T., Bayle, E., & Giauque, D. (2015). Professionalisation of sport federations–A multi-level framework for analysing forms, causes and consequences. European Sport Management Quarterly, 15(4), 407–433. https://doi.org/10.1080/16184742.2015.1062990 Yin, R. K. (2014). Case Study Research: Design and Methods (5th ed.). SAGE.
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Takamatsu, Shohei, e Yasuo Yamaguchi. "Effect of coaching behaviors on job satisfaction and organizational commitment: The case of comprehensive community sport clubs in Japan". International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 13, n.º 4 (24 de novembro de 2017): 508–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954117742652.
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Coaches are widely regarded as playing an important role in the development of comprehensive community sport clubs, in terms of meeting the needs of club members and club staff. However, few studies have explored the coaching activities of comprehensive community sport clubs in Japan. This study, therefore, aimed to examine the effect of coaching behaviors in comprehensive community sport clubs on job satisfaction and organizational commitment. One hundred seventy-seven coaches completed questionnaires assessing coaching behaviors in comprehensive community sport clubs, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment. The scale measuring coaching behaviors in comprehensive community sport clubs was comprised of seven factors: (1) manner education, (2) cooperative approach, (3) field management, (4) coaching skills, (5) communication with people outside the club, (6) communication with people inside the club, and (7) safety management. Path analysis with structural equation modeling revealed cooperative approach and field management influenced job satisfaction. The study additionally indicated job satisfaction positively impacted organizational commitment. Furthermore, communication with people inside the club directly influenced on organizational commitment. Thus, it was concluded that creating a sporting environment in which coaches can behave autonomously, as well as providing a space where coaches can communicate with many people, are necessary preconditions to increase job satisfaction and organizational commitment of coaches in comprehensive community sport clubs.
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Huth, Christopher. "Crowdfunding as Financing Tool of Semi-professional Sports Clubs: Evidence on Funders’ Preferences and Typologies". Athens Journal of Sports 9, n.º 3 (23 de agosto de 2022): 135–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajspo.9-3-2.
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Due to the official regulatory credit screening procedures of Basel II and Basel III in Europe, credit is now more difficult to obtain. As a consequence, alternative financial mechanisms, such as crowdfunding, that focus on sports clubs’ supporters have become more important. The aim of the present study is to evaluate crowdfunding related to sports clubs using a choice-based conjoint analysis (CBCA) to detect project- and participant-related success factors in successful financing. Therefore, two fictitious crowdfunding projects with the offered return and the price are chosen as features and two German sports clubs – one ice hockey club and one football club – are selected for the analysis. Using segmentation techniques, the study also examines the types of crowdfunders and their preferences. The results show that the offered return and the price are the two most important features for potential crowdfunders. They prefer either a club-related return containing a certain economic value or the donation as representative of a more altruistic return. The findings also indicate that crowdfunding can be a financial instrument for both semi-professional and professional clubs. Keywords: crowdfunding, financial instrument, sports clubs, semi-professional clubs, professional clubs
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COŞKUN, Nuran, e Eylül Ece DEMİR. "Club Convergence: Do public investments play a role in regional income per capita convergence in Turkey?" Ege Akademik Bakis (Ege Academic Review) 22, n.º 3 (1 de julho de 2022): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21121/eab.1098557.
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This paper investigates club convergence in real GDP per capita in NUTS 2 level at Turkey from 2005 to 2019 by using Phillips and Sul (2009, 2007) procedure. After determining the initial clubs, to seek merging clubs we perform Phillips and Sul (2009) and Lyncker and Thoennessen (2017) procedure. As a result, we find 7 convergence clubs and one divergent club following Phillips and Sul (2009, 2007) and we don’t find any merging clubs following Phillips and Sul (2009) and Lyncker and Thoennessen (2017) procedure. After determining the convergence and merging clubs, this paper also scrutinizes the dynamic effects of public capital on regional convergence employing system generalized method-of-moments (System GMM) estimators. It has been concluded that from System GMM results, share of public investments in GDP do not have a significant role as a determinant of any clubs.
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Abon, Joseph Kolawole. "THE USE OF MARKETING AS A TOOL FOR COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE AMONG POTENTIAL AND PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL CLUBS IN KZN, SOUTH AFRICA". EURASIAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT 8, n.º 4 (2020): 319–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15604/ejbm.2020.08.04.004.
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Football, as the most popular sport amongst other sports, is a household name in the world and South Africa particularly. This study examines the use of marketing in improving competitive advantage among potential and professional football clubs in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Several sponsorship opportunities that could serve as an impetus to disseminate various club projects are noted to be undermined. Arguably, some of the clubs’ activities are seasonal, and the applicability of marketing by football clubs in the KZN province could not be tactically emphasized. Therefore, the amount of marketing activities in clubs’ seasonal operations is unidentified which poses a challenge in achieving club objectives. This paper argues that it is of importance for the club marketing managers to consider features of each specific season and corporate marketing activities for the development of appropriate marketing actions that could serve as competitive advantages. This study adopts a mixed-method research approach, and a convenient sampling technique with responses from 80 questionnaires were retrieved. Five (5) coaches, 5 club owners, 5 managers, 5 supporters, and 5 players from five football clubs each located in KwaZulu-Natal province were interviewed to extract their understanding of the use of marketing to gain competitive advantage. Findings from the study state that using marketing correctly could improve the chances of potential professional football clubs’ popularity and increase financial gains. Most respondents emphasized that when clubs use a proper marketing strategy with appropriate use of marketing mix, it could position the clubs in the hearts of their supporters and public.
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Wanat, Tomasz, e Łukasz Leksowski. "Short- and long-term effects of transfers on football clubs' sport performance". Journal of Education, Health and Sport 12, n.º 5 (23 de maio de 2022): 252–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2022.12.05.019.
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One of the important elements of football club quality management is the sale and purchase of player’s cards. These activities have important implications for the financial and sport performance of football clubs. The purpose of this paper is to determine how players transfers affect football teams’ sport performance. Data on transfers and sport performance came from available databases. They covered the period from 2004/05 to 2018/19 (before the pandemic). For data analysis, a series of hierarchical analysis of regression were conducted. The results show that there is an effect of transfers on football teams’ sport performance but it explains a relatively small amount of football club’s sport performance. The impact from a transfer in a given year affects sport performance not only in the same year, but also in subsequent years. However, the effect of transfer disappears when control variables are introduced. Thus, the general conclusion from the study is that there is no overall effect of transfers on teams’ sport performance. The analyses were conducted only on clubs from the 5 major European leagues and football clubs that were continuously present in the top division. Due to the fact that it included mainly the strongest clubs, the results are relevant for clubs wishing to build up their sporting position on the European market. It is less relevant for weaker clubs. The study consisted of using data over a period of several years, which provides an opportunity to trace the dynamics of change and long-term effects, which is rarely analyzed in the sports literature.
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Adams, Andrew, Stephen Morrow e Ian Thomson. "Changing Boundaries and Evolving Organizational Forms in Football: Novelty and Variety Among Scottish Clubs". Journal of Sport Management 31, n.º 2 (março de 2017): 161–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2016-0286.
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This paper presents a novel theoretical conceptualization of football clubs and empirical evidence as to how supporter groups, owners, and others engaged to resolve threats to their club. We use boundary theory to understand the evolution of two football clubs’ ownership, financing, and governance structures and demonstrate how the blurring of club boundaries was linked to engagements in interface areas between the club and other social groups. We argue that the appropriateness of different combinations of ownership, financing, and governance practices should be evaluated in terms of how they support effective engagement spaces that negotiate relationships with codependent social groups. Conceptualizing football clubs as boundary objects provides some specific insights into changes observed in Scottish football clubs. However, this approach is relevant to other situations in which club success is dependent on cooperative engagements with multiple social groups that have both convergent and divergent interests in the club.
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Rowlands, Paul, e John Geddes. "Journal clubs". Psychiatric Bulletin 17, n.º 6 (junho de 1993): 363–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.17.6.363.
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We were interested to read J. J. Hutchinson and A. Puranik (1992) on journal clubs at St Edward's Hospital, and would like to share our experience of running journal clubs in Sheffield. As stated, the College does not provide guidelines on the format of journal clubs, but they do provide a suggested reading list. While this contains interesting and relevant papers, it does not provide a good basis for a journal club programme.
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M. Seitz, Christopher, Jennifer Lawless, Stacey Cahill, Aoife O’ Brien, Collette Coady e Colin Regan. "The Adoption, Implementation, and Impact of Smoke-Free Policies among Gaelic Athletic Association Clubs in Ireland: A Qualitative Study". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n.º 5 (10 de março de 2020): 1785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051785.
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The Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) is a major stakeholder in promoting smoke-free policies in Ireland. Several GAA clubs have adopted smoke-free policies, and there is a growing interest among other GAA clubs to also become smoke-free. As such, the purpose of this study is to explore the process of how GAA clubs adopt, implement, and enforce smoke-free policies in order to discover best practices that other clubs could replicate. Representatives from 15 smoke-free clubs were interviewed regarding how their club became smoke-free. Interview data were analyzed, in which four major themes emerged: (1) process (planning a smoke-free policy, communicating the policy to the community, providing smoking cessation resources), (2) barriers (opinions and behaviors of club members who smoke, bars connected to club houses, policy exceptions, visitors and umpires who were unaware of the policy), (3) enforcement (community-based style of enforcement, non-confrontational approach, non-enforcement), and (4) impact (observation of policy compliance and decrease in cigarette litter). The study’s findings indicate a general ease of becoming smoke-free with minimal barriers. As such, the GAA should urge each club to become smoke-free and to use the effective methods used by current smoke-free clubs for communicating and enforcing smoke-free policies.
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Eremina, Ekaterina A. "Formulation of student sports clubs development strategy based on cluster analysis". Physical Education and University Sport 1, n.º 1 (23 de junho de 2022): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/2782-4594-2022-1-1-65-72.
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The development of student sports clubs is one of the key priorities in student sports, and in this direction an ambitious goal has been set to establish clubs in 100% of universities and colleges. To achieve this goal, a typical model of a student sports club was developed, however, at the current stage of development, not all clubs can apply it since they are characterized by a variety of organizational forms. To increase the effectiveness of the development of student sports clubs, it is necessary to improve approaches to strategic management, which would take into account differences of the level of clubs’ development. In this article, the author suggests recommendations for formulation of a student sports clubs development strategy based on cluster analysis. The results of the cluster analysis of student sports clubs revealed 5 clusters according to the level of development, and the belonging to a club in a certain cluster affects the determination of the potential stakeholders, the conduction of competitive analysis, the definition of strategic priorities, the development of functional strategies for student sports clubs. In this regard, the use of cluster analysis for the strategic management of student sports clubs is an effective tool, especially in the context of digitalization of management in student sports.
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Lane, Aoife, Niamh Murphy, Alex Donohoe e Colin Regan. "A healthy sports club initiative in action in Ireland". Health Education Journal 79, n.º 6 (10 de fevereiro de 2020): 645–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0017896920903755.
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Objective: The Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) is part of the cultural fabric of Irish society with a club in almost every community nationwide. The aim of this project was to carry out a pilot evaluation of the GAA Healthy Club Project (HCP), which is a unique effort by a national governing body to include health as part of the core business of the organisation at grass roots level. Design: A pre–post intervention group only design was used across 18 clubs recruited to a pilot phase of the project. Setting: GAA grassroots sports clubs across Ireland. Methods: Twelve Healthy Club Officers completed a self-evaluation survey of their club at two time points to indicate the health promotion orientation of their club and the extent of health promotion activity in the club. Results: Data showed improvements in the health promotion orientation of clubs, from moderate to high health promoting overall and particular increases in policy and practice scores. This is likely due to the widespread appointment of Healthy Club Officers and the delivery of health-related initiatives in clubs. Conclusion: The impact of the project, while not demonstrable as an intervention effect at this stage, was real for the clubs involved. The GAA HCP is a novel way of carrying out health promotion in Ireland, serving as a meeting point between the ‘push of health’ and ‘pull of the sports club’.
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Brzezicki, Łukasz. "Efektywność akademickich klubów sportowych funkcjonujących w szkolnictwie wyższym". Ekonomia 25, n.º 2 (7 de novembro de 2019): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-4093.25.2.1.
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Efficiency of academic sports clubs operating in higher educationIn the article, the efficiency of 29 academic sports clubs in 2017 was measured using the NR-DEA non-radial-efficiency data envelopment analysis model. Two empirical models characterizing two different areas of activity of academic sports clubs were used in the study. The first model M1 focused on club productivity, it includes the number of people practicing in the club and the total number of points obtained in the Polish Academic Championships. The second model M2 focused on club activity, it takes into account the number of organized events and participants taking part in the events. The results obtained show that sports clubs of technical universities were more often effective in terms of productivity than in terms of activity. A different situation occurs in university clubs, which were more often effective in terms of the activity of sports events, sporadically in terms of productivity.
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Ooms, Linda, Mette van Kruijsbergen e Dorine Collard. "Can Health-Enhancing Sporting Programs in Sports Clubs Lead to a Settings-Based Approach? An Exploratory Qualitative Study". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n.º 11 (4 de junho de 2021): 6082. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18116082.
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There is limited knowledge about how a settings-based approach can be best applied in a sports club setting. This qualitative exploratory study examined whether and how sporting programs focusing on individual behavior change (i.e., increasing physical activity levels of inactive people) and implemented on the micro-level of the sports club, can be a first step towards a settings-based approach (i.e., inclusion of the meso- and macro-level of the sports club). In addition, this study explored factors that influenced the inclusion of the meso- and macro-level of the sports club. Telephone interviews were conducted with representatives of sixteen sports clubs about program activities on all levels of the sports club. Thematic analyses were performed to explore stimulating and hindering factors. After multiple years, six sports clubs also had program activities on the meso-level and twelve sports clubs had activities on the macro-level. Program activities differed per level within a sports club and on the same level between sports clubs. Cultural and social factors influenced macro-level activities, while predominantly economic factors influenced meso-level activities. Based on these factors, sports clubs could develop, prioritize, and choose strategies that support them in developing a settings-based approach when increasing physical activity levels of inactive citizens.
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KHACHIKYAN, Kristine K., e Elena A. SYSOEVA. "DEVELOPMENT HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE OF YACHT-CLUBS". Urban construction and architecture 7, n.º 1 (15 de março de 2017): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2017.01.18.
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In this article relevance of design and the background of yacht-clubs emergence and development are viewed. The historical description of the fi rst world and russian yacht-clubs in Moscow and St. Petersburg is provided. Planning features, yacht-clubs functional structures and their development are revealed. Also the history of the Samara yacht-club of XX of century and history of the Tolyatt i yacht-club - an ultramodern sport complex - is studied.
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Frankl, P. J. L. "The Early Years of the Mombasa Club: A Home Away From Home for European-Christians". History in Africa 28 (2001): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172208.
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The word “club” as employed in “Mombasa Club” derives from the late eighteenth century and signifies “an association of people formed mainly for social purposes and having premises, providing meals, temporary accommodation, etc., for the use of members.” The early nineteenth century saw a spate of new London clubs such as the Travellers in 1819 (for gentlemen who had traveled abroad), and in 1824 both the Athenaeum (the most intellectually elite of all the London clubs), and the Oriental (founded by officers in the service of the East India Company who were not eligible for the military clubs of Pall Mall). One purpose of these clubs was to give gentlemen living space from which their womenfolk were excluded. The expansion of a new British empire, from the beginning of Queen Victoria's long reign, saw the establishment of “English” clubs in Asia (especially in the Indian subcontinent) and in Africa (especially from Cape Town to Cairo). A major purpose of these “English” clubs abroad was to give members living space from which natives were excluded. The Mombasa Club, dating from the end of Queen Victoria's reign, fits into this pattern.
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Varmus, Michal, e Milan Kubina. "Management of sports clubs in the town based on the principles of cooperation". Global Journal of Business, Economics and Management: Current Issues 8, n.º 2 (30 de julho de 2018): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjbem.v8i2.1135.
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In the Slovakia are very many sports clubs that are civic associations. Within towns they are often as separate entity. Management of these sports clubs in the town is very specific. A town wants to have influence on these clubs, especially when the clubs are supported from municipal finance. In these paper we deal with possible management of clubs in the town within cooperation principle. We identified the main advantages, disadvantages, and points that are important for good established cluster of sports clubs in the town.
Keywords: sport; club; cooperation; town; management
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Sriyakul, Thanaporn, Anurak Fangmanee e Kittisak Jermsittiparsert. "Whether Loyalty to a Football Club Can Translate into a Political Support for the Club Owner: An Empirical Evidence from Thai League". Journal of Politics and Law 11, n.º 3 (30 de agosto de 2018): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v11n3p47.
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The participation of politicians and their kin in the sport of football, as presidents of football clubs, in the past many years has been widely criticized as a use of the football clubs as tools to gain popularity and, possibly, a political base or a voting bloc for these politicians. This research is conducted in order to (1) study the loyalty level towards football clubs and the corresponding political supports expressed towards the football club executives and (2) examine the relationship between such demographic factors as gender, age, educational level, occupation, income, duration of being a fan, as well as loyalty to the football club and the aforementioned political supports, by collecting data from fans of five football clubs competing in the Thai League during the 2016 season. Including 385 fans, the data are collected using questionnaire, and then analyzed in terms of frequency, percentage, mean, standard variation, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis with the significance level set at five percent. The research finds that overall the fans of all five clubs are highly loyal to the club and express a moderate political support for the club executives. It also finds that gender, age, and education have no relationship to the political support, while occupation, income, duration of being a fan, and especially loyalty to the football club are correlated with the political support. This result confirms the hypothesis that loyalty to a football club can, in fact, potentially translate into a political support for the politicians who are also the owners of the football clubs.
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Li, Feng, Guangdong Li, Weishan Qin, Jing Qin e Haitao Ma. "Identifying Economic Growth Convergence Clubs and Their Influencing Factors in China". Sustainability 10, n.º 8 (24 de julho de 2018): 2588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082588.
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Balanced and coordinated economic development across regions is a critical goal of regional economic development and new-type urbanization in China. However, few studies have examined economic growth convergence clubs at the county level. To extend the research on convergence clubs, this research applies a log t convergence test and a dynamic spatial ordered probit model (DSOP) to endogenously identify economic growth convergence clubs in counties and to examine the influence of initial states and structures on club convergence probability. The study sample covers 2286 counties of China from 1992 to 2010. The results show significant convergence club patterns at the county levels, resulting in the gradual formation of six convergence clubs. The DSOP estimation results show that per capita fixed assets, population density, and industrialization have promoted convergence club formation to varying degrees.
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Blumrodt, Jens. "Enhancing Football Brands Brand Equity". Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 30, n.º 5 (27 de agosto de 2014): 1551. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v30i5.8807.
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The sport entertainment industry has its most famous representative in Europe. Hundreds of professional football clubs are playing in their European football leagues. They attract supporters in front of the screen and in stadiums. The clubs in competitions are medium sized companies. They are competing and working together while they are delivering their core service, the game on the ground. The spectator can be considered as an important budget line for all clubs. Budgets are nevertheless often not balanced and stadium attendance is underdeveloped. We conducted research within two different football nations, France and Germany. Four clubs were in the sample and interviews with the management were carried out. The conceptual approach was based on brand image theories. Football clubs are specific sport brands. Brand image elements attract spectators into the stadium for those brands. These elements can explain the purchase intentions of season tickets and merchandising products. Our research revealed that common elements and differences exist between the clubs, each club having a brand identity. We identified which elements lead to purchase intentions and made best practices evident. The importance of the game is often overestimated by a clubs management. The game and the attractiveness of the stadium are important, but not the only factors explaining stadium attendance. The club has also to be a good club in the community, and corporate social responsibility (CSR) becomes a crucial issue.
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Broad, Mike, e Richard Welbury. "Club Policies for Mouth Protectors and Dental Emergency Cover in Scottish Rugby Union (SRU) Affiliated Junior Teams". Primary Dental Journal 4, n.º 4 (dezembro de 2015): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/205016815816682263.
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Aims To determine whether club policies exist for junior players concerning the wearing of mouth protectors during training and playing, and whether dental emergency cover is present on both training and match days at Scottish Rugby Union (SRU) affiliated junior clubs. Method A self-reporting structured questionnaire, sent to all SRU affiliated clubs with junior playing members. Results Response rate was 77% (117 out of 151 clubs) showing a wide variation in policies and implementation. Exclusion was reported from training in 11% (13 out of 151) and from playing on match days in 17% (20 out of 151) of clubs if a mouth protector was not worn. The majority of clubs advocated that shop-bought protectors were satisfactory. First aiders were present at training at 86% (130 out of 151) and on match days at 95% (143 out of 151) of clubs. Fewer than 1% had a dentist and only 3% a doctor present at training. On match days fewer than 2% had a dentist and fewer than 20% a doctor present. Conclusion There is a wide variation in club policies and guidelines thus allowing parents, players and club staff considerable latitude in interpretation. A significant number of youngsters will be at increased risk of dental injury. First aiders are present in a significant number of clubs during training and playing.
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Klobučník, Michal, Martin Plešivčák e Milan Vrábeľ. "Football clubs’ sports performance in the context of their market value and GDP in the European Union regions". Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 45, n.º 45 (22 de setembro de 2019): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bog-2019-0024.
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AbstractThe aim of the study is to evaluate the relationship between the sporting success of football clubs, their market value and the economic performance of the regions they are located in. All member states of the European Union are under consideration, taking into account the success of the clubs in the highest-ranked male national football competitions and in European cups. The data are processed at NUTS 2 level over a period of one decade (2007–2016). From a methodological point of view, it is beneficial to construct original indexes of clubs’ sporting performance – both at the national level, and an overall one that also takes into account results in international (European) competition. To determine the existence of a link between the sporting performance of the club, its market value and the economic performance of the regional level unit it is located in (measured by gross domestic product), correlation and regression analysis is utilised. For example, the results show a high positive statistical link between a club’s sporting performance and its market value, but a relevant direct statistical link has also been confirmed between the economic performance of the region and the market value of the club, with respect to its sporting success. However, the analysis also showed that the club of a relatively poor region (from a pan-European point of view) could reach above-average results at the highest European level, and vice versa – a club with a high market value, from an economically highly over-developed region, could lag behind.
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Larsen, Malte Nejst, Mads Madsen, Rasmus Cyril, Esben Elholm Madsen, Rune R. Lind, Knud Ryom, Søren Riis Christiansen, Anne-Marie Elbe e Peter Krustrup. "Well-being, physical fitness and health profile of 10–12 years old boys in relation to leisure-time sports club activities: a cross-sectional study". BMJ Open 11, n.º 11 (novembro de 2021): e050194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050194.
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ObjectivesThis study investigated the correlation between sports club activities and well-being and physical health parameters in 10–12 years old boys.DesignCross sectional.SettingDanish schools.Participants2293 boys took part in the study.Primary and secondary outcome measuresQuestionnaires on participation in sports clubs and well-being and testing of physical health profile through measurement of body composition, resting heart rate (RHR), blood pressure and postural balance, jump and Yo-Yo IR1C performance. Data were analysed by participation in sport and according to the five most frequently reported sports.ResultsBoys enrolled in sports clubs had higher physical well-being (51.7±9.7 vs 45.9±8.7) and psychological well-being (53.3±9.6 vs 51.4±10.0), experienced more peers and social support (50.9±9.9 vs 48.0±11.6), and had a more positive perception of the school environment (48.6±7.5 vs 45.9±8.1) than boys not involved in sports clubs. In addition, they showed better Yo-Yo IR1C (+46%), long jump (9%) and balance test performance (+20%). The boys active in sports clubs had higher relative muscle mass (+6%) and lower fat percentage (−3%), body mass index (−6%) and RHR (−5%) compared with boys not involved in sports clubs (p<0.05). Boys enrolled in football clubs had higher aerobic fitness compared with boys not active in clubs (+11%), handball players (+5%), swimmers (+8%) and badminton players (+7%). Moreover, the boys enrolled in football clubs had lower fat percentage (−17%) and higher relative muscle mass (+4%) than swimmers.ConclusionBoys participating in club-based sports showed markedly higher levels of well-being and better physical health profiles than boys not involved in sports club activities. Footballers had superior aerobic fitness and body composition compared with those active in other sports. Results suggest that sports club activities seem to be beneficial for young boys’ well-being, fitness and physical health profile, with the greatest benefits achieved by boys involved in football.
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Ma, Yoonsung, Taerin Chung e Ji Hyoung Chin. "Sports club management and social capital". Korean Journal of Sport Science 31, n.º 2 (30 de junho de 2020): 245–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24985/kjss.2020.31.2.245.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to find out whether they can contribute to the revitalization of urban communities. Methods This study conducted in-depth interviews and focus group interviews to collect qualitative data. The collected data were analyzed through the domain analysis and the classification analysis. Results The roles of sports club managers in leadership and network intermediaries were very important in the accumulation of social capital. The formation of staff members who work for the managing and activating sports clubs has created trust and satisfaction with the sport. Their activities contributed to the formation of social capital in sports clubs and played an important role in revitalizing sports clubs. Conclusions Sports club managers performed important roles in building trust and network with the club members and even other clubs through their leadership. These management activities are possibly contributed to the creation and accumulation as social capital. Therefore this research also showed the possibilities of extension to local community of the social capital through sports clubs.
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Myung, Wangsung. "A Study on Public Value of Citizen Football Club". Korean Journal of Sport Science 33, n.º 3 (30 de setembro de 2022): 407–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24985/kjss.2022.33.3.407.
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PURPOSE This study aimed to categorize consumers’ subjectivity on public value of citizen professional football club. METHODS Q-sample and Q-classification charts were developed based on theoretical background of the public value of citizen football clubs, and in-depth interviews with consumers were conducted using the Q-methodology. Q-classification and Q-factor analyses were conducted by selecting local residents as P-samples. RESULTS The public value of citizen football clubs was confirmed as ‘Type I: club-city win-win’, ‘Type II: social integration’, and ‘Type III: culture-led’. These types are contrary to previous studies that mainly focused on management and marketing, such as financial profitability and soundness, regional economic impact, and commercial value. This is the result of examining the public value of the citizen football club from based on the subjectivity of consumer, and it differs from that in previous studies. CONCLUSIONS This study reconfirmed the specificity and role of citizen football clubs in commercialized professional sports. It showed that citizen clubs must adopt organizational goal and operation method that are different from profit sports organizations (clubs).
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Florea, Dorian-Laurentiu, Catalin Mihail Barbu e Mihai Constantin Razvan Barbu. "A model of fans’ reaction to resurrected brands of sport organizations". International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship 19, n.º 2 (8 de maio de 2018): 127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsms-08-2017-0073.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to reveal the conditions that facilitate or hinder a favorable reaction of fans to the resurrection of sport club brands.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed model was empirically tested by applying partial least squares-SEM to a sample of 462 fans of five Romanian football and handball clubs that were resurrected in the last five years.FindingsThe study showed that a positive relationship between the new and the old club owners, the keeping of the brand name, and the involvement of the club’s historic figures are favorable conditions for a successful resurrection. The faded brands that enjoy salient heritage and numerous loyal fans are more likely to be successfully resurrected. Moreover, when the resurrection is undertaken immediately after the old club’s bankruptcy, fans tend to alienate from the brand, as they consider the new club to be trying to counterfeit the meaning of the faded brand.Research limitations/implicationsThe cross-sectional nature of the study and the narrow scope of the empirical data are the major limitations of the study.Practical implicationsBased on the empirical findings, the authors made recommendations to sport entrepreneurs who consider reviving faded clubs, and highlighted the difficulties of the resurrection process.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study of brand resurrection in the sports industry.
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Mustafi, Zahid, Emmanuel Bayle e Mickael Terrien. "The transfer market for non-big five clubs: The case of the Swiss Super League". Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS) 8, n.º 2 (14 de fevereiro de 2023): 032. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/2023.2ciss032.
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Introduction
The objective of this research is to study the strategies of Swiss first division clubs in the transfer market. In a context where the revenues of the big 5 clubs (before Covid-19) keep increasing (especially TV rights), the weak financial capacities of the non-big 5 clubs, especially in terms of their low revenues from media rights, push them to devise different strategies. Given the profiles of the clubs, how do they organise their strategy on the transfer market - T - (purchase-sale)? We seek to answer the following questions: What is the importance of transfers on the economic model of Swiss first division clubs? What share of their budget do they represent?
Methods
Market purchases/sales (from 2015 to 2020) define our T (Transfers). We therefore seek to understand the strategy of Swiss clubs in the transfer market from a purely economic point of view (we do not take into account the sporting aspect) and to see what profits Swiss clubs make thanks to T. We then compare, season by season and club by club, the results obtained on the transfer market in relation to the clubs’ budget. We supplement this quantitative data with qualitative interviews with scouting managers from 8 Super League clubs in order to understand the professionalization of Swiss clubs in this area. We carried out an empirical data processing - k-means - to propose a typology of the 12 Super League clubs according to their role in the transfer market and the importance of the T compared to their budget.
Results
Cluster 1 - The low importance of T: The T represents a very small part of the clubs’ budget in this cluster. Transfers have a very low importance here.
Cluster 2 - Singularity of FC Basel: FC Basel is alone in this cluster with sales and purchases well above the other clubs.
Cluster 3 - Confirmed importance of the T on sales: Clubs in this cluster are close to the cluster number 2. Sales are here very important for clubs.
Cluster 4 - A balance of the T between purchases and sales: The purchases and sales are balanced. Clubs in this cluster sell and spend just as much to strengthen themselves.
Discussion - Conclusion
We can see that when a team succeeds in establishing itself in the Super League with stable revenues, it can hope to make purchases on the transfer market thanks to sponsorship or ticketing, which allow it to increase its budget. And when a team manages to qualify for European competitions, its strategy can be diversified and we can see teams making more substantial purchases. Moreover a club can move from one cluster to another quickly. The professionalisation of the scouting of young players also plays a very big role and the resources and professional skills of each club in this area can be very important.
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Jayawardhana, Irman. "Corellation Between Education and Football Club's Performance". Global Research on Tourism Development and Advancement 5, n.º 1 (15 de setembro de 2023): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21632/garuda.5.1.1-19.
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Performance management is the tools for a sport organisation to measure their success. Previous studies have argued that a country’s success in sports is influenced by socio-economic factors that happen in that country. However, the factors that are used to determine the levels of success for football clubs are not necessarily the same, or bear the same weight. This study analyzes the influence of education in football clubs’ performance. The novelty of this work is that football clubs is treated as a business company that using measured performance indicator, cost efficiency and education as variables and determinants. Using an empirical analysis, the presented idea is to identify specific factors that raise football club’s success by means of several econometric specifications using panel data for European football clubs which playing in UEFA’s competition. It is found an evidence that education and football club’s expenditure caused to the sport performance. However, the club’s performance would be declining if it is influenced by certain part of education factor.
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Lane, Aoife, Niamh Murphy, Colin Regan e David Callaghan. "Health Promoting Sports Club in Practice: A Controlled Evaluation of the GAA Healthy Club Project". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n.º 9 (30 de abril de 2021): 4786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094786.
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Sport is a developing setting and a relevant system in health promotion but there are few examples of settings-based initiatives and systems thinking in sport. The Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) Healthy Club Project (HCP) adopts a settings approach delivered through and by grassroots clubs who respond to local needs while working within a national support system. The aim of this evaluation was to assess and describe the health promotion impact and experience of the HCP. Healthy Clubs (n = 23) and Control Clubs (n = 10) completed a Healthy Club Questionnaire at the start and end of the 20-month HCP and Healthy Clubs took part in focus group discussions. Healthy Clubs, using the structures of the HCP, a commitment to health and community engagement, demonstrated a significant improvement in their overall orientation to health promotion, which was not apparent in Control Clubs. The health promotion message is pervading into many aspects of the GAA club apart from that which relates to the day to day business of coaching and providing physical activity for all. The HCP represents health promotion activity embedded within and across systems, with further development and evaluation recommended to measure delivery and impact at the individual level, organisational, and wider societal levels.