Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Analyse statistique de l'énergie"
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Hanna, Pierre. "Modélisation statistique de sons bruités : étude de la densité spectrale, analyse, transformation musicale et synthèse". Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12756.
Texto completo da fonteYélou, Clément. "Tests exacts de stabilité structurelle et estimation ensembliste des élasticités dans les systèmes de demande avec applications en économie de l'énergie et du transport". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18285.
Texto completo da fonteGorecki, Christophe. "Classification par échantillonnage de la densité spectrale d'énergie : Application à l'étude statistique des surfaces et à l'analyse de particules". Besançon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BESA2015.
Texto completo da fonteSalman, Hassan. "Le compte satellite de l'énergie : projet d'élaboration d'un système normalisé d'information statistique sur l'énergie". Paris 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA021048.
Texto completo da fonteA satellite account is a statistical tool which objectives are to gather in a single, detailed and coherent system the main economic information concerning one particular domain, in terms of flows and stocks. The methodology of the satellite accounts has been developped in france by the institut national de la statistique et des etudes economiques (insee) in the general frame of the national accounts. The present study aims to apply the general concepts and methods to the french energy sector, respecting in the same time the specificities of this latter, in order to rationalize the information in the energy domain and allow a better economic analysis about it. To build the theoretical system, it is necessary to delimit the field of energy, define an appropriate terminology concerning energy goods and services, develop a structure for the economic analysis of the domain and finally implement methods of evaluation of the different elements considered, in physical and monetary terms. To test the technical practicability of the system, an evaluation has been made for the year 1983, making clear that for some elements the information is satisfactory and for others it is largely imperfect. . . When it exists
Miqueau, Valentin. "Fiabilité de la méthode de prédiction vibro-acoustique SEA dans un contexte d'évaluation subjective du confort acoustique automobile". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, INSA, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ISAL0102.
Texto completo da fonteAs the cabins of new vehicles become increasingly silent, the sound quality and the acoustic comfort have become key arguments for car manufacturers to destinguish themselves from their competitors. Research on sound perception currently relies on an experimental approach involving juries listening to signals recorded on prototypes. To avoid the costs associated with these elaborate setups, a digital approach is proposed in the present work. The results of a model based on the SEA method (Statistical Energy Analysis), developed by Saint-Gobain Research Compiègne, would be used to generate the signals for subjective experiences. It is already used to predict the impact of glazing changes on the interior noise level of a vehicle exposed to environmental noise. However, its use to assess the automotive acoustic comfort brought about by these changes raises several questions, which we address in this thesis : — How should we generate audio signals from the predicted sound pressure level? — Can we use the obtained signals to evaluate acoustic comfort inside the car cabin with the same effectiveness as with recordings measured in the vehicle? Firstly, a signal generation process based on data obtained from the numerical model was proposed and then validated through a perceptual experiment. Next, two other subjective assessments by a panel of judges revealed a similar trend in the annoyance experienced, for several glazing configurations, regardless of the origin of the sounds (simulated or measured). They did, however, highlight a discrepancy in the assessments when tempered glazing was introduced into the vehicle configurations. The window seals, which were not included in the model, were suspected of being the cause of this variation. Subsequently, the experimental examination of the vibro-acoustic behavior of a flat glass installed in the window seals allowed us to observe a dissipation contribution from the seals. This resulted in an increase of the acoustic insulation of the glazing. As this insulation characterizes the glazing in the model, its sensitivity to the dissipation contribution of the seals had to be incorporated into our numerical approach. Finally, after analyzing the dissipation mechanisms for both the glazing and the seals, a numerical model based on the finite element method was implemented. It predicts the acoustic insulation of the glazing as it should be integrated into the SEA numerical model in order to take account of the effect of the joints at the boundaries of the glass sample. Given that the calibration of the model at mid-high frequencies is the result of an empirical parameter search process, it is essential to consider revising the model and search method in future work
Fitton, George. "Analyse multifractale et simulation des fluctuations de l'énergie éolienne". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00962318.
Texto completo da fonteCésari-Hékimian, Vartouhie. "Analyse des prix de l'énergie et incidence de la fiscalité". Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010014.
Texto completo da fontePreliminary chapter: quantitative elements of consumption and production of energy by energy type, in the world and in France since 1970. Part one: analysis of energy prices in France from 1970 to 1988. Introduction : economic theory and energy prices. Chapter one: pricing as a function of the specific characteristics of each energy preliminary chapter : quantitative elements of consumption and production of energy by energy type, in the world and in France since 1970. Part one : analysis of energy prices in France from 1970 t 1988. Introduction : economic theory and energy prices. Chapter one : princing as a function of the specific characteristics of each energy type. Second chapter: study of the selling price of each type of energy and its evolution comparaison of the evolution of all energy prices. Part two: study of energy taxes in france from 1970 to 1988. Introduction : some economic principles concerning financial and budgetary matters type. Second chapter : study of the selling price of each type of energy and its evolution comparaison of the evolution of all energy prices. Part two : study of energy taxes in France from 1970 to 1988. Introduction : some ecnomic principles concerning financial and budgetary matters and taxation. First chapter: different types of energy, whether specific to energy or not. Second chapter: analysis of taxes specifically levied on energy (taxes on production and taxes on consumption) : their amount per unit consumed and their level with respect to the price of each type of energy and, their evolution - comparison of the and taxation. First chapter : different types of taxes on energy, whether specific to energy or not. Second chapter : analysis of taxes specifically levied on energy (taxes on production and taxes on consumption) : their amount per unit consumed and their level with respect to the price of each type of energy and, their evolution - comparison of the evolution of taxation on the different energy types. Evolution of taxation on the different energy types
Jourdan-Marias, Astrid. "Analyse statistique et échantillonage d'expériences simulées". Pau, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PAUU1014.
Texto completo da fonteMahé, Cédric. "Analyse statistique de delais d'evenement correles". Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA077254.
Texto completo da fonteCigana, John. "Analyse statistique de sensibilité du modèle SANCHO". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ38667.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteCélimène, Fred. "Analyse statistique et économétrique des DOM-TOM". Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100002.
Texto completo da fonteOlivier, Adelaïde. "Analyse statistique des modèles de croissance-fragmentation". Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090047/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis work is concerned with growth-fragmentation models, implemented for investigating the growth of a population of cells which divide according to an unknown splitting rate, depending on a structuring variable – age and size being the two paradigmatic examples. The mathematical framework includes statistics of processes, nonparametric estimations and analysis of partial differential equations. The three objectives of this work are the following : get a nonparametric estimate of the division rate (as a function of age or size) for different observation schemes (genealogical or continuous) ; to study the transmission of a biological feature from one cell to an other and study the feature of one typical cell ; to compare different populations of cells through their Malthus parameter, which governs the global growth (when introducing variability in the growth rate among cells for instance)
Goulard, Michel. "Champs spatiaux et statistique multidimensionnelle". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376138909.
Texto completo da fonteMédout-Marère, Vincent. "Une analyse thermodynamique et spectroscopique de l'énergie de surface des solides divisés". Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20007.
Texto completo da fonteLacombe, Jean-Pierre. "Analyse statistique de processus de poisson non homogènes. Traitement statistique d'un multidétecteur de particules". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1985. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00318875.
Texto completo da fonteYousfi, Elqasyr Khadija. "MODÉLISATION ET ANALYSE STATISTIQUE DES PLANS D'EXPÉRIENCE SÉQUENTIELS". Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00377114.
Texto completo da fonteLedauphin, Stéphanie. "Analyse statistique d'évaluations sensorielles au cours du temps". Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00139887.
Texto completo da fonteDepuis une vingtaine d'années, les courbes temps-intensité (TI) qui permettent de décrire l'évolution d'une sensation au cours de l'expérience sont de plus en plus populaires parmi les praticiens de l'analyse sensorielle. La difficulté majeure pour l'analyse des courbes TI provient d'un effet juge important qui se traduit par la présence d'une signature propre à chaque juge. Nous proposons une approche fonctionnelle basée sur les fonctions B-splines qui permet de réduire l'effet juge en utilisant une procédure d'alignement de courbes.
D'autres données sensorielles au cours du temps existent telles que le suivi de la dégradation organoleptique de produits alimentaires. Pour les étudier, nous proposons la modélisation par des chaînes de Markov cachées, de manière à pouvoir ensuite visualiser graphiquement la suivi de la dégradation.
Guillaume, Jean-Loup. "Analyse statistique et modélisation des grands réseaux d'interactions". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011377.
Texto completo da fonteLa première partie est centrée sur l'analyse des réseaux et fait un point critique sur les réseaux étudiés et les paramètres introduits pour mieux comprendre leur structure. Un certain nombre de ces paramètres sont partagés par la majorité des réseaux étudiés et justifient l'étude de ceux-ci de manière globale.
La seconde partie qui constitue le coeur de cette thèse s'attache à la modélisation des grands réseaux d'interactions, c'est-à-dire la construction de graphes artificiels semblables à ceux rencontrés en pratique. Ceci passe tout d'abord par la présentation des modèles existants puis par l'introduction d'un modèle basé sur certaines propriétés non triviales qui est suffisamment simple pour que l'on puisse l'étudier formellement ses propriétés et malgré tout réaliste.
Enfin, la troisième partie est purement méthodologique. Elle permet de présenter la mise en pratique des parties précédentes et l'apport qui en découle en se basant sur trois cas particuliers : une étude des échanges dans un réseau pair-à-pair, une étude de la robustesse des réseaux aux pannes et aux attaques et enfin un ensemble de simulations visant à estimer la qualité des cartes de l'Internet actuellement utilisées.
Cette thèse met en lumière la nécessité de poursuivre les travaux sur les grands réseaux d'interactions et pointe plusieurs pistes prometteuses, notamment sur l'étude plus fine des réseaux, que ce soit de manière pondérée ou dynamique. Mais aussi sur la nécessité d'étudier de nombreux problèmes liés à la métrologie des réseaux pour réussir à capturer leur structure de manière plus précise.
Duvernet, Laurent. "Analyse statistique des processus de marche aléatoire multifractale". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00567397.
Texto completo da fonteLedauphin, Stéphanie. "Analyse statistique d'évaluations sensorielles au cours du temps". Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2007.
Texto completo da fonteSensory analysis of food products is most often based on scores given by panellists according to a list of descriptors that characterize the products. A statistical method for analyzing sensory profiling data obtained by means of fixed vocabulary is discussed. It consists in a procedure for weighted averaging the data sets associated with the assessors taking account of the extent to which these assessors agree with the general point of view. The method of analysis also provides an overall index of the performance of the panel and performance indices associated with the various assessors. In conventional sensory profiling, the evaluation focuses on an overall assessment and does not reflect the dynamic process of the sensory perception in the course of time. This is the reason why Time Intensity (TI) curves are becoming more and more popular notwithstanding the poor performance of the assessors and the tricky statistical issues these curves pose. In particular, a common feature of the TI curves is that each assessor tends to generate a characteristic shape, called 'subject signature'. The functional approach adopted herein is specifically based on the identification and the correction of the 'signature' effect of the assessors by adjusting the individual curves. The cornerstones of the method are the use of the projection upon a B-spline basis and alignment procedures. Other sensory analysis over time exist such as the study of the decay of organoleptic perception of the products. We propose to use Markov chains and Hidden Markov chains to model this decay and focus on the graphical comparison of the evolution of several products
Garoche, Pierre-Loïc. "Analyse statistique d'un calcul d'acteurs par interprétation abstraite". Toulouse, INPT, 2008. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000629/.
Texto completo da fonteThe Actor model, introduced by Hewitt and Agha in the late 80s, describes a concurrent communicating system as a set of autonomous agents, with non uniform interfaces and communicating by the use of labeled messages. The CAP process calculus, proposed by Colaço, is based on this model and allows to describe non trivial realistic systems, without the need of complex encodings. CAP is a higher-order calculus: messages can carry actor behaviors. Multiple works address the analysis of CAP properties, mainly by the use of inference-based type systems using behavioral types and sub-typing. Otherwise, more recent works, by Venet and later Feret, propose the use of abstract interpretation to analyze process calculi. These approaches allow to compute non-uniform properties. For example, they are able to differentiate recursive instances of the same thread. This thesis is at the crossroad of these two approaches, applying abstract interpretation to the analysis of CAP. Following the framework of Feret, CAP is firstly expressed in a non standard form, easing its analysis. The set of reachable states is then over-approximated via a sound by construction representation within existing abstract domains. [. . . ]
Gautier, Christian. "Analyse statistique et évolution des séquences d'acides nucléiques". Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO19034.
Texto completo da fonteDupuis, Jérôme. "Analyse statistique bayesienne de modèles de capture-recapture". Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066077.
Texto completo da fonteLarrere, Guy. "Contribution à l'étude asymptotique en analyse statistique multivariée". Pau, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PAUU3026.
Texto completo da fonteVu, Thi Lan Huong. "Analyse statistique locale de textures browniennes multifractionnaires anisotropes". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0094.
Texto completo da fonteWe deal with some anisotropic extensions of the multifractional brownian fields that account for spatial phenomena whose properties of regularity and directionality may both vary in space. Our aim is to set statistical tests to decide whether an observed field of this kind is heterogeneous or not. The statistical methodology relies upon a field analysis by quadratic variations, which are averages of square field increments. Specific to our approach, these variations are computed locally in several directions. We establish an asymptotic result showing a linear gaussian relationship between these variations and parameters related to regularity and directional properties of the model. Using this result, we then design a test procedure based on Fisher statistics of linear gaussian models. Eventually we evaluate this procedure on simulated data. Finally, we design some algorithms for the segmentation of an image into regions of homogeneous textures. The first algorithm is based on a K-means procedure which has estimated parameters as input and takes into account their theoretical probability distributions. The second algorithm is based on an EM algorithm which involves continuous execution ateach 2-process loop (E) and (M). The values found in (E) and (M) at each loop will be used for calculations in the next loop. Eventually, we present an application of these algorithms in the context of a pluridisciplinary project which aims at optimizing the deployment of photo-voltaic panels on the ground. We deal with a preprocessing step of the project which concerns the segmentation of images from the satellite Sentinel-2 into regions where the cloud cover is homogeneous
Douspis, Marian. "Analyse statistique des anisotropies du fond diffus cosmologique". Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30185.
Texto completo da fonteElqasyr, Khadija. "Modélisation et analyse statistique des plans d’expérience séquentiels". Rouen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ROUES023.
Texto completo da fonteTwo distinct sections constitute this thesis. The first part concerns the study of sequential experimental designs applied to clinical trials. We study the modelling of these designs. We develop a generalization of the `` Play-The-Winner'' rule. Theoretical and numerical results show that these designs perform better than the designs recently developed, in the framework of the Freedman's urn models, which are a generalization of the ''randomized play-the-winner'' rule or of a modifiedversion of this rule. In the second part, we develop inference methods for analyszing the data from the considered sequential designs. In the case of two treatments, and for ''play-the-winner'' rule, we made explicit the sampling distributions and their factorial moments. We derive frequentist inference procedures (tests and conditional confidence intervals) and Bayesian methods for these designs. In the Bayesian framework, for a family of appropriate priors we found the posterior distributions and the credible intervals about the relevant parameters, and the predictive distributions. The link between conditional tests and Bayesian procedures is made explicit. The Bayesian methods are generalized to cover more complex plans (several treatments and delayed responses). Non informative Bayesian procedures are remarkable frequentist properties
Romefort, Dominique Villedieu. "Analyse statistique des circuits intégrès : caractérisation des modèles". Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30087.
Texto completo da fonteKollia, Aikaterini. "Analyse statistique de la diversité en anthropometrie tridimensionnelle". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EMSE0812.
Texto completo da fonteAnthropometry is the scientific field that studies human body dimensions (from the greek άνθρωπος (human) + μέτρον (measure)). Anthropometrical analysis is based actually on 1D measurements (head circumference, length, etc). However, the body’s morphological complexity requires 3D analysis. This is possible due to recent progress of 3D scanners. The objective of this study is to compare population’s anthropometry and use results to adapt sporting goods to user’s morphology. For this purpose, 3D worldwide measurement campaigns were realized and automated treatment algorithms were created in order to analyze the subjects’ point cloud. Based on image processing methods and on shape geometry, these algorithms detect anatomical landmarks, calculate 1D measurements, align subjects and create representative anthropometrical 3D models. In order to analyze morphological characteristics, different statistical methods including components’ analysis, were adapted for use in 3D space. The methods were applied in three body parts: the foot, the head and the bust. The morphological differences between and inside the populations were studied. For example, the difference in each point of the head, between Chinese and European head, was calculated. The statistics in three dimensions, permitted also to show the asymmetry of the head. The method to create anthropometrical models is more adapted to our applications than the methods used in the literature. The analysis in three dimensions, can give results that they are not visible from 1D analyses. The knowledge of this thesis is used for the conception of different products that they are sold in DECATHLON stores around the world
Gautier, Christian. "Analyse statistique et évolution des séquences d'acides nucléiques". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37605346q.
Texto completo da fonteAubert, Julie. "Analyse statistique de données biologiques à haut débit". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS048/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe technological progress of the last twenty years allowed the emergence of an high-throuput biology basing on large-scale data obtained in a automatic way. The statisticians have an important role to be played in the modelling and the analysis of these numerous, noisy, sometimes heterogeneous and collected at various scales. This role can be from several nature. The statistician can propose new concepts, or new methods inspired by questions asked by this biology. He can propose a fine modelling of the phenomena observed by means of these technologies. And when methods exist and require only an adaptation, the role of the statistician can be the one of an expert, who knows the methods, their limits and the advantages.In a first part, I introduce different methods developed with my co-authors for the analysis of high-throughput biological data, based on latent variables models. These models make it possible to explain a observed phenomenon using hidden or latent variables. The simplest latent variable model is the mixture model. The first two presented methods constitutes two examples: the first in a context of multiple tests and the second in the framework of the definition of a hybridization threshold for data derived from microarrays. I also present a model of coupled hidden Markov chains for the detection of variations in the number of copies in genomics taking into account the dependence between individuals, due for example to a genetic proximity. For this model we propose an approximate inference based on a variational approximation, the exact inference not being able to be considered as the number of individuals increases. We also define a latent-block model modeling an underlying structure per block of rows and columns adapted to count data from microbial ecology. Metabarcoding and metagenomic data correspond to the abundance of each microorganism in a microbial community within the environment (plant rhizosphere, human digestive tract, ocean, for example). These data have the particularity of presenting a dispersion stronger than expected under the most conventional models (we speak of over-dispersion). Biclustering is a way to study the interactions between the structure of microbial communities and the biological samples from which they are derived. We proposed to model this phenomenon using a Poisson-Gamma distribution and developed another variational approximation for this particular latent block model as well as a model selection criterion. The model's flexibility and performance are illustrated on three real datasets.A second part is devoted to work dedicated to the analysis of transcriptomic data derived from DNA microarrays and RNA sequencing. The first section is devoted to the normalization of data (detection and correction of technical biases) and presents two new methods that I proposed with my co-authors and a comparison of methods to which I contributed. The second section devoted to experimental design presents a method for analyzing so-called dye-switch design.In the last part, I present two examples of collaboration, derived respectively from an analysis of genes differentially expressed from microrrays data, and an analysis of translatome in sea urchins from RNA-sequencing data, how statistical skills are mobilized, and the added value that statistics bring to genomics projects
Alsheh, Ali Maya. "Analyse statistique de populations pour l'interprétation d'images histologiques". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05S001/document.
Texto completo da fonteDuring the last decade, digital pathology has been improved thanks to the advance of image analysis algorithms and calculus power. However, the diagnosis from histopathology images by an expert remains the gold standard in a considerable number of diseases especially cancer. This type of images preserves the tissue structures as close as possible to their living state. Thus, it allows to quantify the biological objects and to describe their spatial organization in order to provide a more specific characterization of diseased tissues. The automated analysis of histopathological images can have three objectives: computer-aided diagnosis, disease grading, and the study and interpretation of the underlying disease mechanisms and their impact on biological objects. The main goal of this dissertation is first to understand and address the challenges associated with the automated analysis of histology images. Then it aims at describing the populations of biological objects present in histology images and their relationships using spatial statistics and also at assessing the significance of their differences according to the disease through statistical tests. After a color-based separation of the biological object populations, an automated extraction of their locations is performed according to their types, which can be point or areal data. Distance-based spatial statistics for point data are reviewed and an original function to measure the interactions between point and areal data is proposed. Since it has been shown that the tissue texture is altered by the presence of a disease, local binary patterns methods are discussed and an approach based on a modification of the image resolution to enhance their description is introduced. Finally, descriptive and inferential statistics are applied in order to interpret the extracted features and to study their discriminative power in the application context of animal models of colorectal cancer. This work advocates the measure of associations between different types of biological objects to better understand and compare the underlying mechanisms of diseases and their impact on the tissue structure. Besides, our experiments confirm that the texture information plays an important part in the differentiation of two implemented models of the same disease
Alsheh, Ali Maya. "Analyse statistique de populations pour l'interprétation d'images histologiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=1017&f=2491.
Texto completo da fonteDuring the last decade, digital pathology has been improved thanks to the advance of image analysis algorithms and calculus power. However, the diagnosis from histopathology images by an expert remains the gold standard in a considerable number of diseases especially cancer. This type of images preserves the tissue structures as close as possible to their living state. Thus, it allows to quantify the biological objects and to describe their spatial organization in order to provide a more specific characterization of diseased tissues. The automated analysis of histopathological images can have three objectives: computer-aided diagnosis, disease grading, and the study and interpretation of the underlying disease mechanisms and their impact on biological objects. The main goal of this dissertation is first to understand and address the challenges associated with the automated analysis of histology images. Then it aims at describing the populations of biological objects present in histology images and their relationships using spatial statistics and also at assessing the significance of their differences according to the disease through statistical tests. After a color-based separation of the biological object populations, an automated extraction of their locations is performed according to their types, which can be point or areal data. Distance-based spatial statistics for point data are reviewed and an original function to measure the interactions between point and areal data is proposed. Since it has been shown that the tissue texture is altered by the presence of a disease, local binary patterns methods are discussed and an approach based on a modification of the image resolution to enhance their description is introduced. Finally, descriptive and inferential statistics are applied in order to interpret the extracted features and to study their discriminative power in the application context of animal models of colorectal cancer. This work advocates the measure of associations between different types of biological objects to better understand and compare the underlying mechanisms of diseases and their impact on the tissue structure. Besides, our experiments confirm that the texture information plays an important part in the differentiation of two implemented models of the same disease
Gerville-Réache, Léo. "Analyse statistique de modèles probabilistes appliqués aux processus sociaux". Bordeaux 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR10606.
Texto completo da fonteGonzalez, Ignacio Baccini Alain Leon José. "Analyse canonique régularisée pour des données fortement multidimensionnelles". Toulouse (Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse 3), 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/99.
Texto completo da fonteBoisjoli, Mark. "Etude de l'énergie de symétrie dans les collisions 40,48CA+40,48CA À 35 MEV/A". Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN2093.
Texto completo da fonteSymmetry term (Csym) inside the nuclear equation of state is studied with the help of the isoscaling parameters and the isotopic distributions widths for 40,48Ca+40,48Ca reactions at an incident energy of 35 MeV/A. Peripheral et semi-peripheral collisions are studied. A coupling between two experimental setups, VAMOS spectrometer and INDRA multidetector was done. VAMOS was able to measure the charge and mass of the projectile like fragment (PLF) with a high precision. Light charged particles were measured in coincidence with INDRA, and they give us an impact parameter and excitation energy estimations They are also used in the primary fragment reconstruction, which are the PLF parent. PLF study shows the presence of an important odd-even effect, which can be associated to the secondary decay effects. The extracted values of the symmetry energy term directly from the PLF are not reliable. Therefore, it is necessary to reconstruct the primary fragment in order to take into account the secondary decay effects. By studying primary fragments, we observe an evolution of the parameter Csym/T as a function of the charge. This evolution is attributed to the fragment excitation energy. Also, global distributions of Csym/T give us an information on the surface over the volume contributions to the symmetry energy ratio. Those ratios show important surface contributions, same results given by simulations. With extracted temperatures from proton energy spectra, a Csym value can be obtained. Those values, around 30 MeV, are coherent with values around the saturation density
Salem, André. "Méthodes de la statistique textuelle". Paris 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA030010.
Texto completo da fonteMethods for textual statistics, a multidisciplinary work, presents a critical overview of statistical studies on vocabulary. The first part is devoted to the definition of textual units and to the adaptation of a set of statistical methods (mainly multidimensional statistical methods) to textual studies. That set of lexicometric methods has also been used in various fields dealing with textual data. Beyond the diversity of the domains, lexicometrical methods reveal contrasts between distributions of forms and repeated segments throughout the texts. Those contrasts found pertinent interpretation in each case. Numerous studies performed over chronological textual series show the importance of a same phenomenon: qualitative and quantitative evolution of the vocabulary as time goes by. Taking into account time-variable leads to a better characterization of the successive time periods, or groups of periods, based upon the vocabulary they use. Coefficients calculated on the basis of the distribution of textual units (forms and repeated segments) through the different periods of the corpus, lead to compare the empirical periodizations resulting from chronological analysis of the lexical amount with a priori periodizations based on important dates of the period covered by the corpus
Pascot, Caroline. "Analyse électro-thermique multi-échelles des supercondensateurs au carbone pour le stockage de l'énergie". Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT2077.
Texto completo da fonteThis work deals with electro-thermal analysis of supercapacitors for energy storage applications. Nowadays, there is a demand for producing cells offering suitable performance at high charge rates over a wide temperature range and power dissipation remains one of the key factors affecting safety and reliability. Electro thermal investigations have been performed on carbon supercapacitor cells and devices both by measurements and modelling. A calorimetric technique was developed for measuring the power dissipated by unit cells under cycling by analysing transient temperature change. Power density was found as a function of the charge rate over a wide current range for different temperature. Results were compared with estimations obtained with AC-DC impedance techniques and potential cell properties. Different electro thermal modelling strategies were developed both for cells and complex devices. Thermal circuits have been especially constructed for analysing electrothermal coupled problems. Finally, the experimental and modelling approaches contribute to a better understanding of electro thermal performance of supercapacitors
Peyre, Julie. "Analyse statistique des données issues des biopuces à ADN". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012041.
Texto completo da fonteDans un premier chapitre, nous étudions le problème de la normalisation des données dont l'objectif est d'éliminer les variations parasites entre les échantillons des populations pour ne conserver que les variations expliquées par les phénomènes biologiques. Nous présentons plusieurs méthodes existantes pour lesquelles nous proposons des améliorations. Pour guider le choix d'une méthode de normalisation, une méthode de simulation de données de biopuces est mise au point.
Dans un deuxième chapitre, nous abordons le problème de la détection de gènes différentiellement exprimés entre deux séries d'expériences. On se ramène ici à un problème de test d'hypothèses multiples. Plusieurs approches sont envisagées : sélection de modèles et pénalisation, méthode FDR basée sur une décomposition en ondelettes des statistiques de test ou encore seuillage bayésien.
Dans le dernier chapitre, nous considérons les problèmes de classification supervisée pour les données de biopuces. Pour remédier au problème du "fléau de la dimension", nous avons développé une méthode semi-paramétrique de réduction de dimension, basée sur la maximisation d'un critère de vraisemblance locale dans les modèles linéaires généralisés en indice simple. L'étape de réduction de dimension est alors suivie d'une étape de régression par polynômes locaux pour effectuer la classification supervisée des individus considérés.
Vatsiou, Alexandra. "Analyse de génétique statistique en utilisant des données pangénomiques". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAS002/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe complex phenotypes observed nowadays in human populations are determined by genetic as well as environmental factors. For example, nutrition and lifestyle play important roles in the development of multifactorial diseases such as obesity and diabetes. Adaptation on such complex phenotypic traits may occur via allele frequency shifts at multiple loci, a phenomenon known as polygenic selection. Recent advances in statistical approaches and the emergence of high throughput Next Generation Sequencing data has enabled the detection of such signals. Here we aim to understand the extent to which environmental changes lead to shifts in selective pressures as well as the impact of those on disease susceptibility. To achieve that, we propose a gene set enrichment analysis using SNP selection scores that are simply scores that quantify the selection pressure on SNPs and they could be derived from genome-scan methods. Initially we carry out a sensitivity analysis to investigate which of the recent genome-scan methods identify accurately the selected region. A simulation approach was used to assess their performance under a wide range of complex demographic structures under both hard and soft selective sweeps. Then, we develop SEL-GSEA, a tool to identify pathways enriched for evolutionary pressures, which is based on SNP data. Finally, to examine the effect of potential environmental changes that could represent changes in selection pressures, we apply SEL-GSEA as well as Gowinda, an available online tool, on a population-based study. We analyzed three populations (Africans, Europeans and Asians) from the HapMap database. To acquire the SNP selection scores that are the basis for SEL-GSEA, we used a combination of two genome scan methods (iHS and XPCLR) that performed the best in our sensitivity analysis. The results of our analysis show extensive selection pressures on immune related pathways mainly in Africa population as well as on the glycolysis and gluconeogenesis pathway in Europeans, which is related to metabolism and diabetes
Meddeb, Ali. "Analyse théorique et statistique du phénomène de l'émergence financière". Montpellier 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON10031.
Texto completo da fonteZabalza-Mezghani, Isabelle. "Analyse statistique et planification d'expérience en ingénierie de réservoir". Pau, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PAUU3009.
Texto completo da fonteMarchaland, Catherine. "Analyse statistique d'un tableau de notes : comparaisons d'analyses factorielles". Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H123.
Texto completo da fonteColin, Pascal. "Analyse statistique d'images de fluorescence dans des jets diphasiques". Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUES069.
Texto completo da fonteJaunâtre, Kévin. "Analyse et modélisation statistique de données de consommation électrique". Thesis, Lorient, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORIS520.
Texto completo da fonteIn October 2014, the French Environment & Energy Management Agency with the ENEDIS company started a research project named SOLENN ("SOLidarité ENergie iNovation") with multiple objectives such as the study of the control of the electric consumption by following the households and to secure the electric supply. The SOLENN project was lead by the ADEME and took place in Lorient, France. The main goal of this project is to improve the knowledge of the households concerning the saving of electric energy. In this context, we describe a method to estimate extreme quantiles and probabilites of rare events which is implemented in a R package. Then, we propose an extension of the famous Cox's proportional hazards model which allows the etimation of the probabilites of rare events. Finally, we give an application of some statistics models developped in this document on electric consumption data sets which were useful for the SOLENN project. A first application is linked to the electric constraint program directed by ENEDIS in order to secure the electric network. The houses are under a reduction of their maximal power for a short period of time. The goal is to study how the household behaves during this period of time. A second application concern the utilisation of the multiple regression model to study the effect of individuals visits on the electric consumption. The goal is to study the impact on the electric consumption for the week or the month following a visit
Huang, Weibing. "Dynamique des carnets d’ordres : analyse statistique, modélisation et prévision". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066525/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis is made of two connected parts, the first one about limit order book modeling and the second one about tick value effects. In the first part, we present our framework for Markovian order book modeling. The queue-reactive model is first introduced, in which we revise the traditional zero-intelligence approach by adding state dependency in the order arrival processes. An empirical study shows that this model is very realistic and reproduces many interesting microscopic features of the underlying asset such as the distribution of the order book. We also demonstrate that it can be used as an efficient market simulator, allowing for the assessment of complex placement tactics. We then extend the queue-reactive model to a general Markovian framework for order book modeling. Ergodicity conditions are discussed in details in this setting. Under some rather weak assumptions, we prove the convergence of the order book state towards an invariant distribution and that of the rescaled price process to a standard Brownian motion. In the second part of this thesis, we are interested in studying the role played by the tick value at both microscopic and macroscopic scales. First, an empirical study of the consequences of a tick value change is conducted using data from the 2014 Japanese tick size reduction pilot program. A prediction formula for the effects of a tick value change on the trading costs is derived and successfully tested. Then, an agent-based model is introduced in order to explain the relationships between market volume, price dynamics, bid-ask spread, tick value and the equilibrium order book state
Zreik, Rawya. "Analyse statistique des réseaux et applications aux sciences humaines". Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E061/document.
Texto completo da fonteOver the last two decades, network structure analysis has experienced rapid growth with its construction and its intervention in many fields, such as: communication networks, financial transaction networks, gene regulatory networks, disease transmission networks, mobile telephone networks. Social networks are now commonly used to represent the interactions between groups of people; for instance, ourselves, our professional colleagues, our friends and family, are often part of online networks, such as Facebook, Twitter, email. In a network, many factors can exert influence or make analyses easier to understand. Among these, we find two important ones: the time factor, and the network context. The former involves the evolution of connections between nodes over time. The network context can then be characterized by different types of information such as text messages (email, tweets, Facebook, posts, etc.) exchanged between nodes, categorical information on the nodes (age, gender, hobbies, status, etc.), interaction frequencies (e.g., number of emails sent or comments posted), and so on. Taking into consideration these factors can lead to the capture of increasingly complex and hidden information from the data. The aim of this thesis is to define new models for graphs which take into consideration the two factors mentioned above, in order to develop the analysis of network structure and allow extraction of the hidden information from the data. These models aim at clustering the vertices of a network depending on their connection profiles and network structures, which are either static or dynamically evolving. The starting point of this work is the stochastic block model, or SBM. This is a mixture model for graphs which was originally developed in social sciences. It assumes that the vertices of a network are spread over different classes, so that the probability of an edge between two vertices only depends on the classes they belong to
Guerineau, Lise. "Analyse statistique de modèles de fiabilité en environnement dynamique". Lorient, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORIS297.
Texto completo da fonteWe propose models which integrate time varying stresses for assessing reliability of the electrical network. Our approach is based on the network observation and consists of statistical and probabilistic modelling of failure occurrence. The great flexibility allowed by the piecewise exponential distribution makes it appropriate to model time-to-failure of a component under varying environmental conditions. We study properties of this distribution and make statistical inference for different observation schemes. Models relating components reliability with environmental constraints, and relying on the piecewise exponential distribution, are proposed. The maximum likelihood is assessed on both simulated and real data sets. Then, we consider a multi-component system whose evolution is linked with the corrective maintenance performed. Reliability of this system can be described using stochastic processes. We present inference methods according to the nature of the observation. Discrete observation can be formulated in terms of missing data; the EM algorithm is used to reach estimates in this situation. Stochastic versions of this algorithm have been considered to overcome a possible combinatorial explosion preventing from the EM algorithm implementation. Numerical examples are presented for the proposed algorithms
Hernandez, Freddy. "Fluctuations à l'équilibre d'un modèle stochastique non gradient qui conserve l'énergie". Paris 9, 2010. https://bu.dauphine.psl.eu/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2010PA090029.
Texto completo da fonteIn this thesis we study the equilibrium energy fluctuation field of a one-dimensional reversible non gradient model. We prove that the limit fluctuation process is governed by a generalized Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. By adapting the non gradient method introduced by S. R. S Varadhan, we identify the correct diffusion term, which allows us to derive the Boltzmann-Gibbs principle. This is the key point to show that the energy fluctuation field converges in the sense of finite dimensional distributions to a generalized Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. Moreover, using again the Boltzmann-Gibbs principle we also prove tightness for the energy fluctuation field in a specified Sobolev space, which together with the finite dimensional convergence implies the convergence in distribution to the generalized Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process mentioned above. The fact that the conserved quantity is not a linear functional of the coordinates of the system, introduces new difficulties of geometric nature in applying Varadhan's non gradient method
Ibbou, Smaïl. "Classification, analyse des correspondances et methodes neuronales". Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010020.
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