Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Analyse spectrale des données"
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Jamal, Sara. "Analyse spectrale des données du sondage Euclid". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0263.
Texto completo da fonteLarge-scale surveys, as Euclid, will produce a large set of data that will require the development of fully automated data-processing pipelines to analyze the data, extract crucial information and ensure that all requirements are met. From a survey, the redshift is an essential quantity to measure. Distinct methods to estimate redshifts exist in the literature but there is no fully-automated definition of a reliability criterion for redshift measurements. In this work, we first explored common techniques of spectral analysis, as filtering and continuum extraction, that could be used as preprocessing to improve the accuracy of spectral features measurements, then focused on developing a new methodology to automate the reliability assessment of spectroscopic redshift measurements by exploiting Machine Learning (ML) algorithms and features of the posterior redshift probability distribution function (PDF). Our idea consists in quantifying, through ML and zPDFs descriptors, the reliability of a redshift measurement into distinct partitions that describe different levels of confidence. For example, a multimodal zPDF refers to multiple (plausible) redshift solutions possibly with similar probabilities, while a strong unimodal zPDF with a low dispersion and a unique and prominent peak depicts of a more "reliable" redshift estimate. We assess that this new methodology could be very promising for next-generation large spectroscopic surveys on the ground and space such as Euclid and WFIRST
Ahamada, Ibrahim. "Analyse spectrale des données non stationnaires : théories et applications aux tests de stationnarité". Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX24007.
Texto completo da fonteBisgambiglia, Paul-Antoine. "Traitement numérique et informatique de la modélisation spectrale". Corte, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989CORT3002.
Texto completo da fonteLoizeau, Damien. "ETUDE SPECTRALE ET GEOLOGIQUE DES PHYLLOSILICATES DE MARS, Analyse des données OMEGA et HRSC de la sonde MARS EXPRESS". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00398685.
Texto completo da fonteKerbaol, Vincent. "Analyse spectrale et statistique vent-vagues des images radar à ouverture synthétique : application aux données satellites ERS-1/2". Rennes 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN10172.
Texto completo da fonteLadjouze, Salim. "Problèmes d'estimation dans les séries temporelles stationnaires avec données manquantes". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1986. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00319946.
Texto completo da fonteHuart, Victor. "Développement d'une procédure d'estimation du dommage par fatigue des emballages de transport à partir des données spectrales". Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIMS020.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis is focused on studies of the goods transport induced stresses. Packaging systems are composed of a multitude of functionalities: to transport, to protect, to inform, etc. Their development is an important parameter referring to the goods protection. During transports, goods endure an important panel of mechanical stress. This stress induces damages par fatigue. This damage by fatigue can be studied in decomposing the acceleration signal into stress cycles. This decomposition permits to observe the influence of each stress cycle. This thesis work, in a first step, consists in estimating the damage by fatigue generated during a particular transportation on a given packaging. In this case, stress cycle extraction is not appropriated (continuous record of long transportation is difficult point of view devices). This estimation is realized from the power spectral densities (PSD) and the calculation of the spectral moments of transport phases. The second aim of this work is to develop a simulation protocol inducing the same damage rate on packaging as the actual transportation, in a shorter time. The test time compression method is here based on the damages estimation expression. The aim consists in determining a PSD multiplicative factor to generate a PSD of test witch induce the same damage as the actual transport in a shorter duration. This test time compression take into account the mechanical behavior of damage accumulation for a particular system
Tourasse, Guillaume. "Mesure et Analyse Statistique Tout Temps du Spectre du Rayonnement Solaire". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSET014/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis manuscript presents the design and setup of an all-weather spectral irradiance measurement system on 4 planes. The 4 spectrometers measure a total of 900 spectra/min to produce every minute, a mean spectral irradiance and its standard deviation. Between 2014 and 2015, this system recorded 700,000 spectra, for wavelengths ranging between 400 and 1,000 nm with a step ≤1 nm. A sample of 145,000 spectra representative of the Lyon climate was selected for statistical analysis. For this purpose, the sample was reduced in size by partitioning it in 1,175 spectra. Its spectral domain was extended to 280-1,500 nm by extrapolating the spectra with curve fitting using the SMARTS2 RTM. A PCA of the extrapolated sample reduced its description to only 3 components; hence, allowing a revision of the CIE’s illuminant D series. Finally, the relation between spectral power distribution and environmental or colorimetric parameters opens a way towards statistical models for generating solar spectra
Betoule, Marc. "Analyse des données du fond diffus cosmologique : simulation et séparation de composantes". Phd thesis, Observatoire de Paris, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00462157.
Texto completo da fonteBetoule, Marc. "Analyse des données du fond diffus cosmologique : simulation et séparation de composantes". Phd thesis, Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2009. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00462157v2.
Texto completo da fonteThe next generation of experiments dedicated to measuring temperature and polarization anisotropies of the microwave background radiation (CMB), inaugurated with the launch of the Planck satellite, will enable the detection and study of increasingly subtle effects. However, the superposition of astrophysical foreground emissions hinder the analysis of the cosmological signal and will contribute as the main source of uncertainty in the forthcoming measurements. An improved modeling of foreground emissions and the development of statistical methods to extract the cosmological information from this contamination are thus crucial steps in the scientific analysis of incoming datasets. In this work we describe the development of the Planck Sky Model, a tool for modeling and simulating the sky emission. We then make use of these simulations to develop and evaluate statistical treatments of foreground emission. We explore the efficiency of wavelet analysis on the sphere (needlets) in the domain of spectral estimation on incomplete data with inhomogeneous contamination, and design a method for treating small scales contamination induced by point sources in the Planck and WMAP data. We also study the impact of foregrounds on our ability to detect primordial gravitational waves (predicted by inflation) and offer forecasts of the performance of future dedicated experiments
CATALDI, SOPHIE. "Potentiels evoques : analyse spectrale de l'electroencephalogramme ; base de donnees normatives a l'aide du biologic traveler". Aix-Marseille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX20838.
Texto completo da fonteBaghi, Quentin. "Optimisation de l’analyse de données de la mission spatiale MICROSCOPE pour le test du principe d’équivalence et d’autres applications". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEO003/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe Equivalence Principle (EP) is a cornerstone of General Relativity, and is called into question by the attempts to build more comprehensive theories in fundamental physics such as string theories. The MICROSCOPE space mission aims at testing this principle through the universality of free fall, with a target precision of 10-15, two orders of magnitude better than current on-ground experiments. The satellite carries on-board two electrostatic accelerometers, each one including two test-masses. The masses of the test accelerometer are made with different materials, whereas the masses of the reference accelerometer have the same composition. The objective is to monitor the free fall of the test-masses in the gravitational field of the earth by measuring their differential accelerations with an expected precision of 10-12 ms-2Hz-1/2 in the bandwidth of interest. An EP violation would result in a characteristic periodic difference between the two accelerations. However, various perturbations are also measured because of the high sensitivity of the instrument. Some of them are well defined, e.g. gravitational and inertial gradient disturbances, but others are unmodeled, such as random noise and acceleration peaks due to the satellite environment, which can lead to saturations in the measurement or data gaps. This experimental context requires us to develop suited tools for the data analysis, which are applicable in the general framework of linear regression analysis of time series.We first study the statistical detection and estimation of unknown harmonic disturbances in a least squares framework, in the presence of a colored noise of unknown PSD. We show that with this technique the projection of the harmonic disturbances onto the WEP violation signal can be rejected. Secondly we analyze the impact of the data unavailability on the performance of the EP test. We show that with the worst case before-flight hypothesis (almost 300 gaps of 0.5 second per orbit), the uncertainty of the ordinary least squares is increased by a factor 35 to 60. To counterbalance this effect, a linear regression method based on an autoregressive estimation of the noise is developed, which allows a proper decorrelation of the available observations, without direct computation and inversion of the covariance matrix. The variance of the constructed estimator is close to the optimal value, allowing us to perform the EP test at the expected level even in case of very frequent data interruptions. In addition, we implement a method to more accurately characterize the noise PSD when data are missing, with no prior model on the noise. The approach is based on modified expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm with a smooth assumption on the PSD, and use a statistical imputation of the missing data. We obtain a PSD estimate with an error less than 10-12 ms-2Hz-1/2. Finally, we widen the applications of the data analysis by studying the feasibility of the measurement of the earth's gravitational gradient with MICROSCOPE data. We assess the ability of this set-up to decipher the large scale geometry of the geopotential. By simulating the signals obtained from different models of the earth's deep mantle, and comparing them to the expected noise level, we show that their features can be distinguished
Doudou, Abdelkader. "Etude des techniques pour l'analyse des autocorrélations, des échelles et des spectres en turbulence à partir des données de la vélocimétrie laser. Application en combustion". Rouen, 1990. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01075667.
Texto completo da fontePatanchon, Guillaume. "Analyse multi-composantes d'observations du fond diffus cosmologique". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004512.
Texto completo da fonteMousset, Louise. "Exploring the primordial universe, inflation and primordial gravitational waves with QUBIC, the Q & U Bolometric Interferometer for Cosmology". Thesis, Université Paris Cité, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UNIP7133.
Texto completo da fonteThe detection of primordial B-mode polarization in the cosmic microwave background is one of the main targets for observational cosmology today. Their detection would constrain cosmic inflation models, an accelerating expansion phase occurring at the very beginning of the universe. The QUBIC project recently completed the calibration and the validation of the instrument and it has been sent to Argentina. Observation of the sky will begin after another short calibration phase in the laboratory. This instrument relies on an innovative technology, bolometric interferometry, which will be described in detail. Measurement of the extremely weak B-mode signal requires a exquisite control of systematic effects. This is a important advantage of QUBIC thanks to self-calibration, a technique coming from interferometry, and to a specific optical design assuring a minimal cross-polarization. A second challenge for this measurement is the mitigation of astrophysical foregrounds which contaminate the signal of the primordial universe. For this purpose, bolometric interferometry makes spectral imaging possible, i.e. the reconstruction, in post-processing, of sky maps in several frequency sub-bands even though the instrument integrates the signal in a wide band. Knowing that foregrounds have distinct emission spectra, spectral imaging is the key to eliminate these contaminants. This thesis describes a detailed analysis going from the QUBIC instrument through to the estimation of cosmological parameters. I contributed to the assembling and calibration of the instrument, especially in the optical verification of the mirror alignment. An important part of my thesis is dedicated to calibration data taking and data analysis, especially the measurement of interference fringes and the telescope beam, which are compared to optical simulations. Those measurements are a first step for the full self-calibration of the instrument. However, the heart of my thesis is the demonstration that spectral imaging is feasible. This is done through end-to-end simulations covering the simulation of a sky observation with QUBIC to the estimation of cosmological parameters, including the reconstruction of frequency sub-band maps
Faivre, Adrien. "Analyse d'image hyperspectrale". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCD075/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis dissertation addresses hyperspectral image analysis, a set of techniques enabling exploitation of micro-spectroscopy images. Images produced by these sensors constitute cubic arrays, meaning that every pixel in the image is actually a spectrum.The size of these images, which is often quite large, calls for an upgrade for classical image analysis algorithms.We start out our investigation with clustering techniques. The main idea is to regroup every spectrum contained in a hyperspectralimage into homogeneous clusters. Spectrums taken across the image can indeed be generated by similar materials, and hence display spectral signatures resembling each other. Clustering is a commonly used method in data analysis. It belongs nonetheless to a class of particularly hard problems to solve, named NP-hard problems. The efficiency of a few heuristics used in practicewere poorly understood until recently. We give theoretical arguments guaranteeing success when the groups studied displaysome statistical property.We then study unmixing techniques. The objective is no longer to decide to which class a pixel belongs, but to understandeach pixel as a mix of basic signatures supposed to arise from pure materials. The mathematical underlying problem is again NP-hard.After studying its complexity, and suggesting two lengthy relaxations, we describe a more practical way to constrain the problemas to obtain regularized solutions.We finally give an overview of other hyperspectral image analysis methods encountered during this thesis, amongst whomare independent component analysis, non-linear dimension reduction, and regression against a spectrum library
Guilloux, Frédéric. "Analyse harmonique et Estimation spectrale sur la Sphère.Applications à l'étude du Fond diffus cosmologique". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00347673.
Texto completo da fonteLa localisation des needlets (récente construction d'ondelettes) sur la sphère est étudiée et optimisée en terme de concentration spatiale et d'estimation statistique. Ces fonctions sont ensuite utilisées pour construire un nouvel estimateur du spectre de puissance angulaire. L'examen des propriété de cet estimateur, d'un point de vue théorique (dans l'asymptotique des hautes fréquences angulaires) et pratique, montre qu'il améliore les méthodes existantes dans un modèle réaliste comportant des données manquantes et un bruit hétéroscédastique. A côté de l'estimation spectrale, l'utilisation des needlets est également introduite dans un problème de séparation de sources.
Après quatre chapitres introductifs (dédiés respectivement aux aspects physiques, analytiques et statistiques de l'étude du CMB, puis à une présentation d'ensemble des résultats), quatre articles de revue (en collaboration) sont présentés : "Practical wavelet design on the sphere" ; "CMB power spectrum estimation using wavelets" ; "Spectral estimation on the sphere with needlets: high frequency asymptotics" et "A full sky, low foreground, high resolution CMB map from WMAP".
Lê, Laetitia Minh Mai. "Exploitation des données spectrales dans la sécurisation du circuit des médicaments anticancéreux". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112148/document.
Texto completo da fonteMost of the anticancer drugs are defined by a narrow therapeutic margin; therefore medical errors can have major consequences on patients. Thus, it’s necessary to guarantee the good drug at the good dose by the implementation of a quality control of the preparation before administration. These potentially carcinogenic, mutagenic or teratogenic drugs present a risk for exposed people especially healthcare workers.The aim of this study was to develop tools which can optimize the safety of the cytotoxic medication circuit in hospitals, for the patient as much as for healthcare workers. In order to respond to these problematics, analytical tools have been associated with different methods of data interpretation of chemometric and risk management.To improve healthcare workers’ safety, environmental monitoring looking for traces of platinum compound cytotoxic drugs were performed to identify the most contaminated areas. Based on these contaminations and working conditions, a methodology of multi-criteria risk analysis has been developed to quantify the risk of exposure of healthcare workers. Regarding the risk, various corrective measures were considered. Thus, studies based on the detergent efficiency of decontamination protocols used to clean workplace surfaces and cytotoxic vials were conducted.In parallel, assays were performed on two anticancer molecules to secure cytotoxic preparations before administration: 5-fluorouracile and gemcitabine. Regarding their non-destructive, non-invasive properties and therefore, more secured handling, Raman and near infrared spectroscopy were explored. Spectral data (spectral zones and pretreatments) were optimized by multivariate analyses ComDim to develop models of regression PLS predicting the concentration of the active ingredient in solution. Results showed the feasibility and the complementarity of these two spectroscopies in the quantitative determination of the cytotoxic drugs.These works participate in the continuous approach of quality assurance implemented in numerous health institutions. We hope that they will contribute to durably decrease risks associated to cytotoxic drugs for both patients and healthcare workers
Traore, Oumar Issiaka. "Méthodologie de traitement et d'analyse de signaux expérimentaux d'émission acoustique : application au comportement d'un élément combustible en situation accidentelle". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0011/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe objective of the thesis is to contribute to the improvement of the monitoring process of nuclear safety experiments dedicated to study the behavior of the nuclear fuel in a reactivity initiated accident (RIA) context, by using the acoustic emission technique. In particular, we want to identify the physical mechanisms occurring during the experiments through their acoustic signatures. Firstly, analytical derivations and numerical simulations using the spectral finite element method have been performed in order to evaluate the impact of the wave travelpath in the test device on the recorded signals. A resonant frequency has been identified and it has been shown that the geometry and the configuration of the test device may not influence the wave propagation in the low frequency range. Secondly, signal processing methods (spectral subtraction, singular spectrum analysis, wavelets,…) have been explored in order to propose different denoising strategies according to the type of noise observed during the experiments. If we consider only the global SNR improvement ratio, the spectral subtraction method is the most robust to changes in the stochastic behavior of noise. Finally, classical multivariate and functional data analysis tools are used in order to create a machine learning algorithm dedicated to contribute to a better understanding of the phenomenology of RIA accidents. According to the method (multivariate or functional), the obtained algorithms allow to identify the mechanisms in more than 80 % of cases
PRUNET, CASSAN STEPHANIE. "Conception et realisation d'un spectrometre par transformee de fourier. Etude de l'interferometre birefringent, traitement des donnees et analyse spectrale". Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DENS0028.
Texto completo da fonteAl, saddik Hania. "Spectral and textural analysis of high resolution data for the automatic detection of grape vine diseases". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCK050/document.
Texto completo da fonte‘Flavescence dorée’ is a contagious and incurable disease present on the vine leaves. The DAMAV project (Automatic detection of Vine Diseases) aims to develop a solution for automated detection of vine diseases using a micro-drone. The goal is to offer a turnkey solution for wine growers. This tool will allow the search for potential foci, and then more generally any type of detectable vine disease on the foliage. To enable this diagnosis, the foliage is proposed to be studied using a dedicated high-resolution multispectral camera.The objective of this PhD-thesis in the context of DAMAV is to participate in the design and implementation of a Multi-Spectral (MS) image acquisition system and to develop the image pre-processing algorithms, based on the most relevant spectral and textural characteristics related to ‘Flavescence dorée’.Several grapevine varieties were considered such as red-berried and white-berried ones; furthermore, other diseases than ‘Flavescence dorée’ (FD) such as Esca and ‘Bois noir’ (BN) were also tested under real production conditions. The PhD work was basically performed at a leaf-level scale and involved an acquisition step followed by a data analysis step.Most imaging techniques, even MS, used to detect diseases in field crops or vineyards, operate in the visible electromagnetic radiation range. In DAMAV, it is advised to detect the disease as early as possible. It is therefore necessary to investigate broader information in particular in the infra-red. Reflectance responses of plants leaves can be obtained from short to long wavelengths. These reflectance signatures describe the internal constituents of leaves. This means that the presence of a disease can modify the internal structure of the leaves and hence cause an alteration of its reflectance signature.A spectrometer is used in our study to characterize reflectance responses of leaves in the field. Several samples at different growth stages were used for the tests. To define optimal reflectance features for grapevine disease detection (FD, Esca, BN), a new methodology that designs spectral disease indices based on two dimension reduction techniques, coupled with a classifier, has been developed. The first feature selection technique uses the Genetic Algorithms (GA) and the second one relies on the Successive Projection Algorithm (SPA). The new resulting spectral disease indices outperformed traditional vegetation indices and GA performed in general better than SPA. The features finally chosen can thus be implemented as filters in the MS sensor.In general, the reflectance information was satisfying for finding infections (higher than 90% of accuracy for the best method) but wasn’t enough. Thus, the images acquired with the developed MS device can further be pre-processed by low level techniques based on the calculation of texture parameters injected into a classifier. Several texture processing techniques have been tested but only on colored images. A method that combines many texture features is elaborated, allowing to choose the best ones. We found that the combination of optimal textural information could provide a complementary mean for not only differentiating healthy from infected grapevine leaves (higher than 85% of accuracy), but also for grading the disease severity stages (higher than 73% of accuracy) and for discriminating among diseases (higher than 72% of accuracy). This is in accordance with the hypothesis that a multispectral camera can enable detection and identification of diseases in grapevine fields
Bezzeghoud, Mourad. "Inversion et analyse spectrale des ondes p : potentialite des donnees numeriques large bande : application a des seismes mediterraneens et chiliens". Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077249.
Texto completo da fonteBezzeghoud, Mourad. "Inversion et analyse spectrale des ondes P, potentialité des données numériques large bande application à des séismes méditerranéens et chiliens /". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37602992t.
Texto completo da fonteGirard, Robin. "Réduction de dimension en statistique et application en imagerie hyper-spectrale". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10074.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis deals with high dimensional statistical analysis. We focus on three different problems motivated by medical applications : curve classification, pixel classification and clustering in hyperspectral images. Our approaches are deeply linked with statistical testing procedures (multiple testing, minimax testing, robust testing, and functional testing) and learning theory. Both are introduced in the first part of this thesis. The second part focuses on classification of High dimensional Gaussian data. Our approach is based on a dimensionality reduction, and we show practical and theorical results. In the third and last part of this thesis we focus on hyperspectral image segmentation. We first propose a pixel classification algorithm based on multi-scale analysis, penalised maximum likelihood and feature selection. We give theorical results and simulations for this algorithm. We then propose a pixel clustering algorithm. It involves wavelet decomposition of observations in each pixel, smoothing with a growing region algorithm and frontier extraction based on a voting scheme
Girard, Robin. "Réduction de dimension en statistique et application en imagerie hyper-spectrale". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00379179.
Texto completo da fonteDurand, Amaury. "Functional time series modeling and application to representation and analysis of multi-site electric load curves for energy management". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022IPPAT018.
Texto completo da fonteThe analysis of electrical load curves collected by smart meters is a key step for many energy management tasks ranging from consumption forecasting and load monitoring to customers characterization and segmentation. In this context, researchers from EDF R&D are interested in extracting significant information from the daily electrical load curves in order to compare the consumption behaviors of different buildings. The strategy followed by the group which hosted my doctorate is to use physical and deterministic models based on information such as the room size, the insulating materials or weather data, or to extract hand-designed patterns from the electrical load curves based on the knowledge of experts. Given the growing amount of data collected, the interest of the group in statistical or data-driven methods has increased significantly in recent years. These approaches should provide new solutions capable of exploiting massive data without relying on expensive processing and expert knowledge. My work fits directly into this trend by proposing two modeling approaches: the first approach is based on functional time series and the second one is based on non-negative tensor factorization. This thesis is split into three main parts. In the first part, we present the industrial context and the practical objective of the thesis, as well as an exploratory analysis of the data and a discussion on the two modeling approaches proposed. In the second part, we follow the first modeling approach and provide a thorough study of the spectral theory for functional time series. Finally, the second modeling approach based on non-negative tensor factorization is presented in the third part
Nadeau, Christian. "Analyse des effets atmosphériques dans les données en télédétection du moyen infrarouge sur la classification des minéraux de surface en milieu aride". Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2000.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteAbou, Fadel Maya. "Apports de la chimiométrie à la spectroscopie de Résonance Paramagnétique Electronique : nouvelles perspectives de traitement de données spectrales à dimensions spatiales (imagerie) et/ou temporelles". Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10130/document.
Texto completo da fonteElectron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) Spectroscopy has undoubtedly become the first-choice technique for the characterization of complex materials containing some unpaired electrons (transition metal ions, rare earth ions, defects, organic radicals ...). Similarly to nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, EPR generates multidimensional (2D, 3D…) spectral and recently also spatial (imaging) data as well as spectral/spatial ones. It is thus, surprising that despite the large amount of spectral data to be explored and complexity of the EPR signals, there hardly exist at the international level of exploitation the multivariate data processing methods that are widely available in chemometrics. The objective of this thesis is thus, to develop new tools for the treatment of these EPR spectral data, to establish new analytical methodologies and to evaluate their performance. The two main areas that will be studied are spectroscopic imaging and time-resolved spectroscopy. In this work, we will show that the implementation of the methods known as "multivariate curve resolutions" can extract, simultaneously, and without a priori all chemical maps and their corresponding spectra of pure compounds present in the studied sample. This methodology will also be exploited to extract the EPR spectra of intermediate species during a kinetic monitoring
Fatmi, Hassane. "Méthodologie d’analyse des signaux et caractérisation hydrogéologique : application aux chroniques de données obtenues aux laboratoires souterrains du Mont Terri, Tournemire et Meuse/Haute-Marne". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT020H/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis report presents a set of statistical methods for pre-processing and analyzing multivariate hydrogeologic time series, such as pore pressure and its relation to atmospheric pressure. The goal is to study the hydrogeologic characteristics of low permeability geologic formations (argilite) in the context of deep disposal of radioactive waste. The pressure time series are analyzed in relation with different phenomena, such as earth tides, barometric effects, and the evolution of excavated galleries. The pre-processing is necessary for reconstituting and homogenizing the time series in the presence of data gaps, outliers, and variable time steps. The preprocessed signals are then analyzed with a view to characterizing the hydraulic properties of this type of low permeability formation (specific storativity; effective porosity). For this sake, we have developed and used the following methods (implemented in Matlab): temporal correlation analyses; spectral/Fourier analyses; multiresolution wavelet analyses envelopes of random processes. This methodology is applied to data collected at the URL (Underground Research Laboratory) of the Mont Terri International Consortium (Swiss Jura), as well as some other data collected at the URL of IRSN at Tournemire (Aveyron) and at the URL of ANDRA (Meuse / Haute-Marne)
Nardecchia, Alessandro. "Chemometric exploration in hyperspectral imaging in the framework of big data and multimodality". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/EDSMRE/2022/2022ULILR021.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteNowadays, it is widely known that hyperspectral imaging is a very good tool used in many chemical-related research areas. Indeed, it can be exploited for the study of samples of different nature, whatever the spectroscopic technique used. Despite the very interesting characteristics related to this kind of acquired data, various limitations are potentially faced. First of all, modern instruments can generate a huge amount of data (big datasets). Furthermore, the fusion of different spectroscopic responses on the same sample (multimodality) can be potentially applied, leading to even more data to be analyzed. This aspect can be a problem, considering the fact that if the right approach is not used, it could be complicated to obtain satisfying results or even lead to a biased vision of the analytical reality of the sample. Obviously, some spectral artifacts can be present in a dataset, and so the correction of these imperfections has to be taken into account to carry out good outcomes. Another important challenge related to the use of hyperspectral image analysis is that normally, the simultaneous observation of spectral and spatial information is almost impossible. Clearly, this leads to an incomplete investigation of the sample of interest. Chemometrics is a modern branch of chemistry that can perfectly match the current limitations related to hyperspectral imaging. The purpose of this PhD work is to give to the reader a series of different topics in which many challenges related to hyperspectral images can be overcome using different chemometric facets. Particularly, as it will described, problems such as the generation of big amount of data can be faced using algorithms based on the selection of the purest information (i.e., SIMPLISMA), or related to the creation of clusters in which similar components will be grouped (i.e., KM clustering). In order to correct instrumental artifacts such as saturated signals will be used a methodology that exploits the statistical imputation, in order to recreate in a very elegant way the missing information and thus, obtain signals that otherwise would be irremediably lost. A significant part of this thesis has been related to the investigation of data acquired using LIBS imaging, a spectroscopic technique that is currently obtaining an increasing interest in many research areas, but that, still, has not really been exploited to its full potential by the use of chemometric approaches. In this manuscript, it will be shown a general pipeline focusing on the selection of the most important information related to this kind of data cube (due to the huge amount of spectral data that can be easily generated) in order to overcome some limitations faced during the analysis of this instrumental response. Furthermore, the same approach will be exploited for the data fusion analysis, related to LIBS and other spectroscopic data. Lastly, it will be shown an interesting way to use wavelet transform, in order to not limit the analysis only to spectral data, but also to spatial ones, to obtain a more complete chemical investigation
Ferré, Marc. "Analyse bio-informatique du protéome mitochondrial et du spectre des mutations de la protéine Opa1". Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00457327.
Texto completo da fonteDroulans, Robert. "Etude de l'émission haute énergie des objets compacts avec SPI/INTEGRAL". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00592469.
Texto completo da fonteBenoit, Tristan. "Cartographie des programmes et de leurs interrelations". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0320.
Texto completo da fonteIn the field of software engineering, ensuring the quality and security of software is complex. This context is due to a set of factors, notably the increasing use of libraries and the use of practices such as copying codes from online services. The usual solution to this problem is the application of formal methods for program validation before their release. However, this approach requires a precise specification and a high degree of expertise. This thesis introduces new reverse engineering methods to automatically collect information about a program toolchain provenance and identify program clones within large data repositories. Our first contribution is the innovative neural network model Site Neural Network (SNN), which predicts the compilation toolchain used to produce an entire program. SNN offers excellent speed as well as good accuracy. Its modularity due to the use of hierarchies of classifiers allows for easy consideration of additional toolchains. Our second contribution is the Program Spectral Similarity (PSS), a tool that provides a quick and efficient way to detect program clones, even when their target hardware architecture differs or in the case of obfuscation. Unlike binary function-based methods or graph edit distance methods, which are time-consuming and low resilient, PSS relies on the spectral analysis of graphs to measure the similarity between programs. This thesis thus contributes to cyber security by providing tools to identify malware clones quickly. In addition, it supports computer forensics by providing relevant information on the compilation chain. This work paves the way for new neural networks for programs, as well as the development of spectral graph analysis methods for studying binary code similarity
Fahlaoui, Tarik. "Réduction de modèles et apprentissage de solutions spatio-temporelles paramétrées à partir de données : application à des couplages EDP-EDO". Thesis, Compiègne, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COMP2535.
Texto completo da fonteIn this thesis, an algorithm for learning an accurate reduced order model from data generated by a high fidelity solver (HF solver) is proposed. To achieve this goal, we use both Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) and Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD). Anomaly detection, during the learning process, can be easily done by performing an a posteriori spectral analysis on the reduced order model learnt. Several extensions are presented to make the method as general as possible. Thus, we handle the case of coupled ODE/PDE systems or the case of second order hyperbolic equations. The method is also extended to the case of switched control systems, where the switching rule is learnt by using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The reduced order model learnt allows to predict time evolution of the POD coefficients. However, the POD coefficients have no interpretable meaning. To tackle this issue, we propose an interpretable reduction method using the Empirical Interpolation Method (EIM). This reduction method is then adapted to the case of third-order tensors, and combining with the Kernel Ridge Regression (KRR) we can learn the solution manifold in the case of parametrized PDEs. In this way, we can learn a parametrized reduced order model. The case of non-linear PDEs or disturbed data is finally presented in the opening
Lanher, Bertrand S. "Spectrométrie infra-rouge à transformée de Fourier et analyse multidimensionnelle de données spectrales : application à la quantification et au contrôle de procédés dans le domaine des produits laitiers". Dijon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991DIJOS054.
Texto completo da fonteGuertin, A. "Sections efficaces de production de pions et de kaons lors de collisions proton-noyau de l'ordre du GeV.Mesures de sections efficaces de production de particules chargées légères lors de réactions induites par protons de 62,9 MeV sur cible de plomb". Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011244.
Texto completo da fontelors de collisions proton noyau de l'ordre du GeV
L'étude des propriétés des hadrons dans la matière nucléaire est un sujet d'intérêt actuel. Les kaons chargés positivement possèdent un anti-quark étrange qui ne peut pas être réabsorbé et constituent donc une sonde intéressante du milieu nucléaire.
La première partie de cette thèse étudie les sections efficaces de production de pions et de kaons lors de collisions proton noyau pour une énergie incidente de l'ordre du GeV.
Dans un premier temps, le modèle de Dynamique Quantique Moléculaire utilisé pour simuler les collisions proton noyau est décrit. Puis, les sections efficaces totales des processus élémentaires implémentées dans le modèle sont présentées. Ensuite, les effets de la fonction spectrale du nucléon sur la production de pions et de kaons sont mis en évidence dans les sections efficaces doublement différentielles. Finalement, les conséquences des corrélations observées entre les nucléons du noyau sont discutées.
II - Mesures de sections efficaces de production de particules chargées légères
lors de réactions induites par protons de 62,9 MeV sur cible de plomb
Pour développer des options nouvelles de gestion des déchets nucléaires, des recherches sont menées sur les systèmes hybrides. La seconde partie de cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre des mesures de données nucléaires liées à la conception de tels systèmes. Un pouvoir prédictif suffisant des codes théoriques, de 20 à 150 MeV, nécessite de nouvelles mesures de sections efficaces pour les contraindre.
L'expérience réalisée a pour but de déterminer les sections efficaces de production de particules chargées légères (p, d, t, 3He, a) lors de réactions induites par protons de 62,9 MeV sur une cible de plomb 208Pb.
Le contexte général de cette partie est présenté en premier lieu. Puis, le dispositif expérimental composé de 7 télescopes triple (Si, Si, CsI(Tl)) est décrit. Les chapitres suivants sont consacrés au dépouillement des données (identification des particules, étalonnage des détecteurs) et à l'extraction des sections efficaces. Finalement, une étude comparative de nos résultats expérimentaux à ceux des codes théoriques est menée.
Nastasiu, Dragos-Florin. "Développement de solutions pour l’identification (THID) et l’authentification par des approches non intrusives dans le domaine THz". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Chambéry, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024CHAMA007.
Texto completo da fonteTHz imaging is an emerging field since the technological advances in terms of THz radiation emission and detection equipment. The main objective of the thesis is to contribute and to improve THz imaging systems, from image reconstruction and analysis to image classification tasks. In the first part of the thesis, we tackle the amplitude estimation challenge under ideal and multiplicative noise conditions. The multiplicative noise deforms the phase and introduces complex artefacts, such as contour information loss and contrast degradation, that cannot be eliminated using state-of-the-art image reconstruction techniques. In this regard, we introduce five novel reconstruction methods which exploit the phase diagram representation of signals. Two of the methods are based on phase-diagram match filtering to estimate the amplitude in both conditions. Another two methods use the concept of dynamic time warping (DTW) to increase the capability to model the multiplicative type of noise. Lastly, we exploit the dynamic of the phase trajectory described by the curvatures to reconstruct the image. From the large pool of methods, we evaluate throughout the thesis that the curvature-based method efficiently reconstructs the image in both ideal and noisy contexts. After an efficient image reconstruction, the second part of the thesis, we study image analysis and classification methods considering the instabilities of real-world imaging systems, such as translations and rotations. In this sense, we propose to use translation and rotation invariant wavelet packet decompositions, that provide a unique and optimal representation of an image, regardless if the image is translated or rotated. Based on the invariant image representations, novel feature extraction techniques are introduced such as vertical, horizontal, N-directional and N-zonal frameworks. Additionally, two feature structures are introduced and that consider the frequency partitioning of the wavelet decomposition and are adapted to work with Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) and classic ML classifiers such as k-nearest neighbors (k-NN), support vector machine (SVM), etc. Overall, our proposed approaches increase the accuracy of all classifiers
Cherni, Afef. "Méthodes modernes d'analyse de données en biophysique analytique : résolution des problèmes inverses en RMN DOSY et SM". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ055/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis aims at proposing new approaches to solve the inverse problem in biophysics. Firstly, we study the DOSY NMR experiment: a new hybrid regularization approach has been proposed with a novel PALMA algorithm (http://palma.labo.igbmc.fr/). This algorithm ensures the efficient analysis of real DOSY data with a high precision for all different type. In a second time, we study the mass spectrometry application. We have proposed a new dictionary based approach dedicated to proteomic analysis using the averagine model and the constrained minimization approach associated with a sparsity inducing penalty. In order to improve the accuracy of the information, we proposed a new SPOQ method based on a new penalization, solved with a new Forward-Backward algorithm with a variable metric locally adjusted. All our algorithms benefit from sounded convergence guarantees, and have been validated experimentally on synthetics and real data
gomez, cecile. "Potentiels des données de télédétection multisources pour la cartographie géologique : Application à la région de Rehoboth (Namibie)". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008556.
Texto completo da fonteHennequin, Romain. "Décomposition de spectrogrammes musicaux informée par des modèles de synthèse spectrale : modélisation des variations temporelles dans les éléments sonores". Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00648997.
Texto completo da fonteMoslem, Bassam. "Méthodes non paramétriques pour la classification dans les signaux non stationnaires : application à l'EMG utérin". Compiègne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011COMP1981.
Texto completo da fonteUterine contraction monitoring provides important prognostic information during pregnancy and labor and can be used for an early detection of any sign of preterm labor. Current techniques used for monitoring the uterine contraction impose a compromise between accuracy and invasiveness. Recently, the uterine electrical activity has been proven to be representative of the uterine contractility. The uterine electromyogram (EMG), also called the electrohysterogram (EHG), is the bioelectrical signal associated with the uterine activity. Recorded noninvasively from the abdominal wall of pregnant women, uterine EMG gives valuable information about the function aspects of the uterine contractility. Numerous studies have analyzed the uterine recordings associated with pregnancy and labor: it has been proven that it is of interest to offer a good insight into the process of pregnancy and labor and may be also used to predict the risk of preterm labor. Our study focuses on feature extraction, pregnancy monitoring and signal classification. In the first part, we apply new signal processing techniques (spectral analysis, multiresolution analysis, nonlinear analysis…) in order to extract new features capable of provide the best characterization of the uterine EMG. Next, a pregnancy monitoring using the extracted features in presented. This study concerns different women recorded at several pregnancy terms. This approach is improved by applying the multiresolution analysis based on the wavelet packet transform. We searched for the best basis adapted for the problem of pregnancy monitoring. In order to benefit from the multichannel type of the recorded signals, we study the spatial variability of the electrical activity at different recording sites of the uterus. This multichannel-based approach allows us to know the way the electrical activity changes at throughout pregnancy over all the uterine muscle. In the last part, we present our work on classifying uterine EMG signals between two classes of contraction (pregnancy vs. Labor). A novel approach based on multisensor data fusion is presented. The high correct classification ratio (92%) obtained proves that this method may be the solution for the problem described
Chadha, Kush. "Improvement of water management in PEM fuel cells using water balance and electrochemical noise analysis". Thesis, Poitiers, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021POIT2251.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis deals to optimize the performance of PEMFC fuel cells, through the development of new flow-field plate designs. Tools such as water balance and electrochemical noise analysis have been used to diagnose water management within a PEMFC single cell. Optimal management of the water transport enables an increase of the performance and durability of fuel cells. Water balance method was used to measure and frame the value of the effective water diffusion coefficient within the membranes of fuel cells. New flow-flied plate geometries have been developed and characterized by conventional polarization curve and pressure measurements. The electrochemical noise technique was used to detect phenomena related to the behavior of water during fuel cell operation for each geometry developed. Electrochemical noise measurements have been associated with source mechanisms through an experimental approach and an appropriate signal processing based on frequency and time analysis. The descriptors obtained by time and frequency analysis shows that it possible to obtain the signature in normal operation of a fuel cell using a classical serpentine. This signature was compared to the new developed designs allowing to characterize the influence of these new geometries on the water transport. Finally, to complete the experimental approach carried out on the water diffusion coefficient within the membranes of PEMFC fuel cells, a model based on polarization curve, considering this coefficient, was developed and compared to the experimental curves of performances. In perspective, the impact of the new developed geometries has been extended in a stack utilization and a prognosis model based on artificial neural networks has been proposed
Polat, Songül. "Combined use of 3D and hyperspectral data for environmental applications". Thesis, Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSES049.
Texto completo da fonteEver-increasing demands for solutions that describe our environment and the resources it contains, require technologies that support efficient and comprehensive description, leading to a better content-understanding. Optical technologies, the combination of these technologies and effective processing are crucial in this context. The focus of this thesis lies on 3D scanning and hyperspectral technologies. Rapid developments in hyperspectral imaging are opening up new possibilities for better understanding the physical aspects of materials and scenes in a wide range of applications due to their high spatial and spectral resolutions, while 3D technologies help to understand scenes in a more detailed way by using geometrical, topological and depth information. The investigations of this thesis aim at the combined use of 3D and hyperspectral data and demonstrates the potential and added value of a combined approach by means of different applications. Special focus is given to the identification and extraction of features in both domains and the use of these features to detect objects of interest. More specifically, we propose different approaches to combine 3D and hyperspectral data depending on the HSI/3D technologies used and show how each sensor could compensate the weaknesses of the other. Furthermore, a new shape and rule-based method for the analysis of spectral signatures was developed and presented. The strengths and weaknesses compared to existing approach-es are discussed and the outperformance compared to SVM methods are demonstrated on the basis of practical findings from the field of cultural heritage and waste management.Additionally, a newly developed analytical method based on 3D and hyperspectral characteristics is presented. The evaluation of this methodology is based on a practical exam-ple from the field of WEEE and focuses on the separation of materials like plastics, PCBs and electronic components on PCBs. The results obtained confirms that an improvement of classification results could be achieved compared to previously proposed methods.The claim of the individual methods and processes developed in this thesis is general validity and simple transferability to any field of application
Gomez, Cécile. "Potentiels des données de télédétection multisources pour la cartographie géologique : Application à la région de Rehoboth (Namibie)". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00665112.
Texto completo da fonteFalcón, Prado Ricardo. "Active vibration control of flexible structures under input saturation through delay-based controllers and anti-windup compensators". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASG042.
Texto completo da fonteIn this work, the problem of active vibration control of flexible mechanical structures is addressed through infinite and finite dimensional techniques. The compared approaches are adjusted for an output feedback controller based on delayed proportional actions,through a quasipolynomial-based approach, and an optimalH∞ controller design computed with an LMI approach.They are shown in order to analyze their capabilities to damp some vibrational modes in the frequency band with of interest, and to avoid the so called “spillover”phenomenon. These controllers are synthetized through a finite dimensional model, derived from a finite element analysis of the mechanical structure, combined with some reduction methods.The flexible structures considered here are, firstly, aflexible aluminium beam in the Euler-Bernoulli configuration,and secondly, an axysimmetric membrane. Bothof them are equipped with two piezoelectric patches that are bounded and collocated on each face of the structure.We intend to examine and discuss the aforementioned performances in both simulation and experimental environments
Chahdi, Lotfi. "Application de l'analyse spectrale aux données économiques". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8258.
Texto completo da fonteDroulans, Robert. "Étude de l'émission haute énergie des objets compacts avec SPI-INTEGRAL". Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1234/.
Texto completo da fonteThe study of the high energy emission (>20 keV) is essential for understanding the radiative processes inherent to accretion flows onto compact objects (black holes and neutron stars). The X/gamma-ray continuum of these systems is successfully interpreted in terms of two components. The first component corresponds to blackbody emission from a geometrically thin optically thick accretion disk while the second component is generally associated to Compton scattering of the thermal disk flux off hot electrons. Despite considerable advances throughout the years, the heating mechanisms as well as the structure of the Comptonizing medium remain poorly understood. In order to enhance our understanding of these aspects, we take advantage of the data archive accumulated by the SPI instrument, a high energy spectrometer (20 keV – 8 MeV) developed at the CESR (now IRAP, Toulouse, France) for the INTEGRAL mission. Above 150 keV, SPI combines a unique spectral resolution with unequalled sensitivity, being thus an ideal tool to study the high energy emission of accreting compact objects. This thesis comprises the results of timing and spectral studies of three individual systems. Despite major differences in their main properties (nature of the compact object, stability of the accretion flow etc. ), all three systems show a significant high energy excess with respect to the emission laws that are commonly used to describe their spectra. In the lights of the SPI results, the possible physical origins of the high energy emission of stellar-size compact objects are presented and discussed, showing that all luminous states can be explained by a non-thermal magnetized corona model
Sbihi, Mohammed. "Analyse spectrale de modèles neutroniques". Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011072.
Texto completo da fonteFeltekh, Kais. "Analyse spectrale des signaux chaotiques". Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01071919.
Texto completo da fontePodemski, Robert. "Analyse spectrale des turbo codes". Rennes 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REN10150.
Texto completo da fonte