Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Analyse morphologique et spatiale"
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KADIROV, ULUGBEK. "Traitement d'image approche par analyse frequentielle et spatiale et approche par morphologie mathematique etude de l'urbanisme de la ville de tachkent et de l'environnement de la touranie". Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066261.
Texto completo da fonteAlhaskeer, Ziad. "Analyse cartographique de la structure des paysages de vallées : évaluation de la dynamique des paysages de vallées du bassin versant de la Maine à partir de la télédétection et de SIG". Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00793094.
Texto completo da fontePerez, Sandra. "Analyse spatiale des régions frontalières et des effets de frontière : application aux espaces frontaliers franco-espagnols du Pays-Basque et de la Catalogne, et à l'espace franco-italien des Alpes-du-Sud". Nice, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NICE2026.
Texto completo da fonteEnault, Cyril. "Vitesse, accessibilité et étalement urbain ; analyse et application à l'aire urbaine dijonnaise". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006172.
Texto completo da fonteRoche, Olivier Louis Benoît. "Analyse morphologique et fonctionnelle de l'accommodation". Paris 8, 2009. http://octaviana.fr/document/155985531#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Texto completo da fonteTo assure a good vision in all plans of the space, the crystalline must focus according to the distance of the target. The faculty to focus diminishes with age to lead to its final loss, presbyopia. The reason of this physiological impairment drawing away a deficit of near vision has remained for a long time ignored. Consequently, the only mode of correction for presbyopia remains optical devices. The bibliographic analysis confirms the theory of accommodation and presbyopia such as it was offered. The objective of this study is to confirm this theory and to offer a protocol allowing an evaluation of the new systems of compensation of accommodation. Study concerns a group of healthy volunteers (with approval of the Committee of Protection of the Persons). Procedure followed 2 steps; the first one compares the refractive stocks and the accommodative capacities with a functional valuation of the contrast. The second one researches anatomic modifications by MRI with stimulation in the same visual conditions than first step. Pharmacologic step tests the system beyond the physiological part and its anatomic residual capacity. Pictures constitute exploitable elements showing modifications linked at the age of structures of the anterior segment in the course of accommodation. The comparison of these morphological characteristics between refractive and functional data allowed to study the progressive contour of presbyopia. Comprehension of accommodative physiology allows to treat or to develop therapeutics. A better knowledge of the correlation of external oculomotor structures helps to the developpement of a new model of intra ocular lens, true phako-erzats, aiming at restoring accommodation
Remaître, Alexandre. "Morphologie et dynamique des laves torrentielles : Applications aux torrents des Terres Noires du bassin de Barcelonnette (Alpes du Sud)". Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00119737.
Texto completo da fonteSaint-Amand, Pascale. "L'adéquation d'un système de transport aux systèmes territoriaux méditerranéens : pour une mobilité durable. Modélisations et aide à la décision". Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00565919.
Texto completo da fonteGonzález, Obando Daniel Felipe. "From digital to computational pathology for biomarker discovery". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP5185.
Texto completo da fonteHistopathology aims to analyze images of biological tissues to assess the pathologi¬cal condition of an organ and to provide a diagnosis. The advent of high-resolution slide scanners has opened the door to new possibilities for acquiring very large im¬ages (whole slide imaging), multiplexing stainings, exhaustive extraction of visual information and large scale annotations. This thesis proposes a set of algorith¬mic methods aimed at facilitating and optimizing these different aspects. First, we propose a multi-scale registration method of multi-labeled histological images based on the properties of B-splines to model, in a continuous way, a discrete image. We then propose new approaches to perform morphological analysis on weakly simple polygons generalized by straight-line graphs. They are based on the formalism of straight skeletons (an approximation of curved skeletons defined by straight segments), built with the help of motorcycle graphs. This structure makes it possible to perform mathematical morphological operations on polygons. The precision of operations on noisy polygons is obtained by refining the construction of straight skeletons. We also propose an algorithm for computing the medial axis from straight skeletons, showing it is possible to approximate the original polygonal shape. Finally, we explore weighted straight skeletons that allow directional mor¬phological operations. These morphological analysis approaches provide consistent support for improving the segmentation of objects through contextual information and performing studies related to the spatial analysis of interactions between dif¬ferent structures of interest within the tissue. All the proposed algorithms are optimized to handle gigapixel images while assuring analysis reproducibility, in particular thanks to the creation of the Icytomine plugin, an interface between Icy and Cytomine
Fortier, Susie. "Structure d'association pour une statistique morphologique appliquée à une image de Voronoï". Sherbrooke : Université de Sherbrooke, 2000.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteBilluart, Fabien. "Analyse biomécanique et morphologique du muscle deltoïde". Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA113001.
Texto completo da fonteThere are many differences about clinical tolerance of rotators cuff tears. In fact, some tears do not generate functional consequence. In scientific literature, the biomechanical analysis of the deltoid is a subject of controversy. However, this muscle takes a central place for the understanding of physiological and pathological functioning of the scapulo-thoracic joint. In this context, the aim of this study is to suggest a biomechanical and physiological analysis of the deltoid muscle. To study the role of the deltoid on the upper end of the humerus, a static analysis in vivo was realized. The results conclude that the deltoid is a muscle which is globally elevator with nevertheless a component which is oriented downwards, at the level of the humeral head. Then, an ex vivo kinematical study was performed, simulating the contraction of the deltoid muscle. The results suggest that the deltoid, as uniquely active element, and the labrum, as uniquely passive element, can realize a motion of lateral elevation with a good stability in the scapulo-humeral joint. A finite elements model of the scapula-humeral joint was realized and validated by the experimentation ex vivo described previously. The stabilizator effect of the labrum during abduction movement of the shoulder is confirmed by the results of the simulation. Thus, a preliminary study, including six subjects, led to evaluate the repeatability of a kinematics analysis of the shoulder articular complex using the EOS® imaging system
Bobin, Jérôme. "Diversité morphologique et analyse de données multivaluées". Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112121.
Texto completo da fonteAbdallah, Bassam. "Analyse morphologique et modélisation pour l'optimisation structurelle d'électrodes". Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0031/document.
Texto completo da fonteThis work, which combines image analysis, Fourier methods and morphological models, focuses on the prediction and optimization of the transport properties of fuel cell materials in the classical framework of the homogenization of random media. The materials under study are critical layers found in fuel cells.These devices produce clean electrical energy (and water) from chemical fuel oxidation.The materials studied here are novel types of fuel cells that combine several preexisting architectures. Their performance is determined by the ionic and electronic conductivity, on the one hand, and by permeability and specific surfaces exchange between the solid and porous phases. For materials with highly-contrasted properties (pores and solid, isolating and conducting media), the effective properties strongly depend on the spatial arrangement (morphology) of the various phases.Fuel cell layers are first described and modeled using 2D scanning electron microscopy images and image analysis.Microstructures are characterized by morphological descriptors and realistic random 3D media, based on Boolean and Gaussian fields, are developed to represent the materials. The latter are parametrized by simple geometrical characteristics including volume fractions and covariances.They are visually and quantitatively validated using morphological data.Second, the transport properties are predicted numerically using Fourier methods. In conductivity, a modified algorithm is proposed to suppress the Gibbs artifacts. For permeability, the scheme of Wiegman (2007) is used.The permeability of ideal Boolean models is computed and compared with various analytical estimates.The Berryman-Milton bound, previously known for the Boolean model of spheres, is computed for a Boolean model of flat cylinders, using an analytical expression for cylinder covariogramm. The ionic and electronic conductivity of anode layers, and their permeability are predicted using previously developed models. The permeability, which strongly depends on the morphology, is computed for various values of the models' parameters, including the specific surface area between solid and phases.Several virtual materials with improved properties are proposed
Mars, Mourad. "Analyse morphologique robuste de l'arabe et applications pédagogiques". Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENL046.
Texto completo da fonteL'auteur n'a pas fourni de résumé en anglais
Couprie, Pierre. "La musique électroacoustique : analyse morphologique et représentation analytique". Paris 4, 2003. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01264966.
Texto completo da fonteWhat we mean here by the analysis of electroacoustic music is a morphological description. It consist in using various criteria to describe the different aural and musical units of the musical material once they have been separated into segments. These criteria can be classified in three groups : internal (spectrum, dynamic, gait, granularity and space), referential (causality, voice, effect and emotion) and structural (formal analysis). Graphical representation has become an essential tool for the analyst and it can take the form of icons - creating strong links between the sound, its analysing criteria and graphic symbolic forms - or symbols - representing sound and its criteria with extremely accurate symbols. Moreover, representation is also an ideal material for multimedia publication : the represented analysis is associated to sounds or even other media to create a very rich didactical document. The theorical plan is completed by analyses of Spirale by Pierre Henry, " Geologie sonore " by Bernard Parmegiani and Stilleben by Kaija Saariaho
Forriez, Maxime. "Caractérisation formelle des structures multi-échelles géographiques en relativité d’échelle : exemples en géographie physique, géographie urbaine, géohistoire et géographie du peuplement". Thesis, Avignon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AVIG1084/document.
Texto completo da fonteThe most obvious characteristic of the terrestrial interface is its heterogeneity. Phenomenologically, this one, human or natural, show limits that define the forms deployed in geographic space. These limits are certainly due to temporal dynamic, all as much as a scale dynamic. This one is manifested in the possible relationships and variables that exist between scales inasmuch as every scale can no conceive than relative to another that is used as reference. This leads to the scale relativity (SR) which should allow to define intrinsically the geographical space. The first objective is to show the possibility of using SR in geography. At the heart of the SR, we found that fractal geometry is indispensable to try to understand the organization in the scales of the world. So far fractals no were used than as a tool of describing more or less relevant. In SR, the fractal forms become a consequence of a formal space intrinsically irregular. The fractality can be thus a way of understanding of the world using the space of scales, that is to say its resolutions. The central objective of this study is thus to build a general fractal methodology necessary under investigation of an unspecified morphology through various examples resulting from the physical geography, the urban geography, the geohistory and the geography of the settlement. The final objective is to lead to solutions formal accessible at a broad community from geographers, which is not the case of the theory of the R.E in its current formalism. From an epistemological point of view, the development in geography of the R.E raises the question of the Re-naturalization of this discipline of the human and social sciences and of the constitution in analytical science, therefore more largely to propose a new definition of the geography
Momboisse, Benoît. "Analyse fractale du paysage latéritique : évolution géochimique et morphologique". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995STR13243.
Texto completo da fonteOhl, Xavier. "Analyse morphologique et biomécanique des articulations scapulo-humérale et scapulo-thoracique". Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENAM0051/document.
Texto completo da fonteExistence of a full thickness rotator cuff tear is really common in the general population with prevalence near 20%. This prevalence increases with age as the existence of asymptomatic cuff tear. How can we explain that tendinous injuries do not cause symptoms?The essential action of the rotator cuff is to center the humeral head in front of the glenoid cavity in order to enable a maximal action of the deltoid muscle. This centering action is still possible in case of supra-spinatus tendon tear and the shoulder can keep a satisfying function if equilibrium is conserved between the anterior cuff (Sub-scapularis muscle) and the posterior cuff (Infra-spinatus and Teres Minor muscles). How can we explain that supra-spinatus tears, even small, can induce functional impairment of the shoulder?There is a real dissociation between anatomy and clinic for the rotator cuff tears and the clinical expression of cuff tears is multifactorial and variable. It depends of the size of the tear and its evolution, of the existence of a sub-acromial bursitis and of the existence of a long head biceps tendinopathy.Comparison between symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects which present a rotator cuff tear permitted to show the importance of the periscapular muscles for the understanding of the rotator cuff tears. Indeed, the function of the periscapular muscles is to orientate the scapula and the glenoid during arm movements. When periscapular muscles are altered, there are anomalies in the scapular orientation which are called scapular dyskinesis.In previous works, we studied the feasibility of pseudo-kinematic studies of the scapula during arm elevation according to the thorax coordinate system derived from low-dose EOS® stereoradiographs. However, this method which was based on the location of specific scapular bony landmarks on each stereoradiographs, presented a low reproducibility and was difficult to use in clinical conditions.The aim of this Thesis was first to optimize this promising method In order to obtain a functional quantitative analysis of the scapula reliable and reproducible. Then, we would like to use this method in-vivo in order to assess the orientation of the scapula during arm elevation on pathologic subjects
Sabater, Carine. "Ecriture et dyslexie développementale : analyse phonologique et morphologique des productions d'écrit". Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX10026.
Texto completo da fonteLaveau, Nicolas. "Mouvement et vidéo : estimation, compression et filtrage morphologique". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003299.
Texto completo da fonteMaïzia, Mindjid. "Régularité(s) urbaine : l'écart morphologique, une tentative de systématisation". Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010687.
Texto completo da fonteBélaroui, Karima. "Compréhension des mécanismes de fragmentation par analyse granulométrique et morphologique". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1999_BELAROUI_K.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteComminution is an important process in powder technology, in which progress can still be made, to improve the operation of existing equipments or to design new systems. To understand better the phenomena taking place in the grinding chambers, the classical approach based on the examination of size distributions has been combined with the distributions of the shape of the fragments, observed by scanning electron microscopy and characterised by image analysis. The particle morphology has been assessed through the use of a set of seven parameters, six of them describing the 2D shape and one the pseudo 3D shape. In complement statistical tools (tests, principal component analysis) have been used. Comminution experiments have been run with different materials exhibiting either welldefined initial morphology (gibbsites obtained by crystallisation) or not (natural rocks) in a stirred bead-mill with different suspension concentrations, and beads diameters and filling rates. After a preliminary study of the particles before grinding, the analysis of the size reduction phenomena from the size distributions only has shawn its limits. The method finally proposed is based on a joint analysis of the shape and size parameters. If a better understanding of the phenomena can help to control the product quality, a possible pollution by fines produced by wear of the grinding bodies should be taken into account. A method based on the analysis of their surface by scanning electron microscopy is proposed to monitor this wear
Rayon, Nadine. "Segmentation et analyse morphologique automatiques du japonais en univers ouvert". Paris, INALCO, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INAL0002.
Texto completo da fonteThe present thesis proposes an automatic morphological analysis of the kanji sequences in Japanese texts. This analysis is based on the graphemic, morphological and syntactic characteristics of the Japanese language. It does not employ any dictionary and is based on the recognition of the immediate contexts of the kanji sequences. It leads to a tagging of the recognized linguistic units and to a segmentation of the text. The first part of the thesis describes the Japanese writing system and its encoding methods. The second part deals with the Japanese parts of speech, in particular verbs, adjectives, particles and flexional suffixes which morphosyntaxic characteristics are essential for the morphological analysis. The third part describes the module of analysis: identification and formalization of the data necessary to the analysis, algorithm of the analysis and the related treatments, formalization of models of objects necessary to the data-processing handling of Japanese
Roger, Alain. "L'art Téké, analyse ethno-morphologique de la statuaire". Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA070126.
Texto completo da fonteKoh, Hyung-Won. "Apocope et siglaison : analyse morphologique et phonétique de l'abréviation française, caractéristiques et créativité". Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05H058.
Texto completo da fonteOur objective is to clarify the French abbreviation, which is a so particular and often badly defined lexical formation, by giving a complete description of all the abbreviation modalities : the back clipping and the fore clipping, on the one hand, and the acronymy and the blending, on the other hand. Thanks to a corpus collected from oral as well as written samples, we executed a complete analysis of the abbreviation on diverse lingusitic aspects, particularly morphological and phonetic, based on the functionalist theory. Our analysis shows that the mechanism of creation of an abbreviated word is very complex, with no precise rule being able to be formulated, and that its usage is not only the result of the choice of the least effort. However, the process of abbreviation reflects precisely one of the current tendencies of the French lexical movement, the return to moneme. The explanation of the abbreviation must thus include all of the different intra and extra linguistic factors
Laveau, Nicolas. "Mouvement et video : estimation, compression et filtrage morphologique". Paris, ENMP, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENMP1346.
Texto completo da fonteThis thesis deals with video sequences and successively focuses on the main themes of video compression - motion estimation, spatial and temporal transforms, coefficient quantization and coding - then on these of spatio-temporal filtering and video segmentation. Two motion estimation schemes are studied, one based on the projection of the optical flow equation on a wavelet basis, the other on the multiscale minimization of a motion field described by a piecewise bilinear model. We then focus on the adaptation of a rate allocation model developped for still images in the h263 standard. We develop two lifting-based wavelet transforms, one for the spatial domain, the other for the motion field. Lastly, we introduce structuring elements that follow the motion field to create a 2d+t mathematical morphology
Petit, Sandrine. "Métapopulations dans les réseaux bocagers : analyse spatiale et diffusion". Rennes 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN1A002.
Texto completo da fonteAltendorf, Hellen. "Analyse morphologique et modélisation en 3D de systèmes aléatoires de fibres". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00667398.
Texto completo da fonteBrisard, Sébastien. "Analyse morphologique et homogénéisation numérique : application à la pâte de ciment". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00617356.
Texto completo da fonteTakei, Yuki. "Analyse morphologique et syntaxique de la particule "Te" en japonais contemporain". Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10005.
Texto completo da fonteREBOURG, CECILE. "Diversite genetique de populations europeennes et americaines de mais : analyse moleculaire et morphologique". Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA112031.
Texto completo da fonteEvelpidou, Niki. "Analyse spatiale, méthodologie et modélisation : géomorphologie et géoarchéologie du sud biterrois". Besançon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BESA1039.
Texto completo da fonteThe aim of this thesis is the geoachaeological study of Beziers area. For this purpose recording and analysis of the geophysical, geomorphological, geological and archaeological characteristics of Beziers area (south France), using new technologies, took place. During the whole procedure of this thesis, numerous technologies and methods were applied : Geographic Information Systems (GIS) ; Photo interpretation ; Global Positioning System (GPS) ; Development of algorithms for the creation of a Web G. I. S ; Creation of 3-variable models for the study of geophysical parameters, such as visibility, digital elevation model, the creation of cross-sections, etc. Using the above techniques and methods a model of a Roman cadastre was developed. Regarding the geo-archaeological part of this project, quantitative, spatial and combinational analysis took place. A geographical database was created for the geomorphological and archaeological characteristics of Beziers. Thematic maps have been created based on primary and secondary data; a map with topographic inclinations, a map with the dominant Roman cadastre, as well combinatory maps
Zaragüeta, Bagils René. "Tests morphologique et moléculaire des hypothèses de phylogénie des Clupeomorpha (Teleostei)". Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MNHN0019.
Texto completo da fonteThe cladistic concept of character is loosely defined and every systematicist seems to have its own. The formalisation of the concept of character proposed here makes the distinction between the source of the conjectures of homology and their validation, abandoning ancestor-descendant relationships and abductive interpretation. Three-taxon analysis maximises the homology as defined here, the severity of the test of congruence and the precision of the method. The retention index, the only relevant measure of fit, is used in two original approaches. NoiseSnapper allows the detection of noise in cladistic analysis by identifying the threshold under which characters have no explanatory power. The second application deals with the problem of the fit of cladograms to stratigraphy. All the hitherto defined indices are refuted and a new hierarchical fit index (HIFI) is proposed. A third development is the application of the analysis of saturation to morphological data that allows the detection of artefacts caused by long-branch attraction and by missing data optimization. In the second part of this work, the methodological results are applied to the phylogenetic hypothesis of the Clupeomorpha. The molecular test shows that Clupeomorpha and Ostariophysi are sister-groups and proposes a redefinition of the Protacanthopterygii, with a sister-group relationship between esocoids and salmonids. The morphological test resolves the relationships between the most inclusive clades of the Clupeomorpha and redefines the Ellimmichthyiformes
Orkun, Ersoy. "Analyse morphologique quantitative des cendres des dépôts pyroclastiques d'origine hydrovolcanique et magmatique". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00718234.
Texto completo da fonteJOLY, DE MICHELI ANNICK. "Les cancers du sein impalpables : analyse morphologique et evolution de 114 cas". Aix-Marseille 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX2O240.
Texto completo da fonteDEQUIEDT, ANNE-SOPHIE. "Contribution a l'etude morphologique des ciments et betons par analyse d'images multimodales". Caen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CAEN2046.
Texto completo da fonteErsoy, Orkun. "Analyse morphologique quantitative des cendres des dépôts pyroclastiques d'origine hydrovolcanique et magmatique". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF21769.
Texto completo da fonteMorgadinho, Héléna. "Analyse pour un système d'étiquetage morphologique et de désambigui͏̈sation morphosyntaxique : LABELGRAM Español". Besançon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BESA1024.
Texto completo da fonteBounekkar, Ahmed. "Analyse statistique de texture : autocorrélation spatiale et notion de contiguïté". Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10142.
Texto completo da fonteCHAUDHURY, MAHBUB UDDIN. "Les mangroves du bangladesh et leur analyse par teledetection spatiale". Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU30146.
Texto completo da fonteLahatte, Agénor. "Analyse de systèmes de demande des ménages et dépendance spatiale". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR1EC05.
Texto completo da fonteThe thesis connects two distinct strands of the literature: models of quantity and quality proposed by Deaton (1987, 1988, 1990) and Crawford, Laisney and Preston (1996) (CLP) and spatial econometrics. I first consider spatial patterns of economic agents decisions in the general context of analysis of share systems and I show that the adding-up property of shares implies equality restrictions on spatial autoregressive parameters of the share models with spatial dependence. Then, in a Monte Carlo study, I emphasize the possibility of the implementation of the Moran's (1950) test in microeconomic context not only to test for the presence of spatial correlation across error terms, but also to identify its potential sources. For estimating the spatial versions of the CLP model, I combine the methodology of Deaton (1987, 1988, 1990) and Crawford et alii (1996) and the procedure of Kelejian and Prucha (1999). I show then that this estimation method involves an identification problem of spatialparameters and that it requires spatial matrices with special structures. An illustration of the estimation of spatial versions of the CLP model is given, with an application of the technique to Czech household survey data; the estimates do not suggest that neighbors' budget shares are an important determinant of the household expenditures in the data analysed
Zhu, Nong. "Analyse des migrations en Chine : mobilité spatiale et mobilité professionnelle". Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CLF10256.
Texto completo da fonteThis study investigates the process of spacious and professional mobility of agricultural labor in China since the economic reform. The macroeconomic analyses show that the special features of Chinese society make its migration situation different from that of the other countries. The mobility of agricultural labors in China is spread out across an economy of four sectors: agricultural sector, non-agricultural sector, urban formal sector and urban informal sector. The microeconomic analyses show that the mobility of agricultural labors is motivated by the maximization of their utility. This individualistic behavior leads to social welfare improvements by reducing poverty and inequality. The spontaneous mobility of agricultural labor results in an auto-adjustment process. Finally, this work demonstrates that the participation in rural non-farm activities is not only a substitute but also a complement of migration
Garcia, Arnaud. "Analyse statistique et morphologique des images multivaluées : développements logiciels pour les applications cliniques". Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00422589.
Texto completo da fontePandolfi, Denis. "Caractérisation morphologique et physiologique de la biomasse des boues activées par analyse d'images". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL/2006_PANDOLFI_D.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteThe biological reactors of wastewater treatment by activated sludge are hosting a complex ecosystem, composed of different types of bacteria (filamentous, non filamentous), protozoa and metazoa. A good balance between the different types of bacteria is essential to achieve good settleability properties for the flocs in the clarifier. The flocs are formed by filamentous bacteria and exopolymers produced by zoogleal bacteria. When filamentous bacteria are in excess, the flocs do not settle correctly (bulking and foaming phenomena). Methods based on image analysis have been used to detect and characterize automatically filamentous bacteria as well as the abundance of exopolymers. Monochrome or colour- images have been obtained by optical microscopy with classical (Gram, Neisser, Soudan Black) and fluorescent staining (BacLight, FISH). The validation of the different procedures was achieved on various full-scale treatment plants in Lorraine. Further experiments were carried out on lab-scale continuous and sequential reactors, in order to observe the effect of substrates, of temperature and starvation on the behavior of filamentous microorganisms. Under continuous or sequential aeration, for the same substrate, different Gram characteristics are observed. The study carried out on extracellular polymers with varying carbon/nitrogen ratios reveals that an excess of carbonaceous substance favors the production of polymers, which are essential for flocculation. The results obtained with the Gram and PHB (presence of lipids) procedures in condition of environmental stress (starvation and temperature) have shown that the populations have experienced structural alterations of their membranes. We have noticed that in periods of aerobic starvation the lipids which were present were used in ambient temperature, whereas in anaerobic conditions the polyphosphates were consumed. In absence or presence oxygen at a temperature of 4°C, it seems easier for filamentous bacteria to store those two metabolites. The BacLight coloration has shown that it was possible to quantify the viability of sludge under aerobic starvation and that filamentous or zoogleal bacteria were affected, as opposed to the microfauna
Bao, Diop Sokhna. "Description du baynunk guñaamolo, langue minoritaire du Sénégal : analyse phonologique, morphologique et syntaxique". Paris, INALCO, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INAL0004.
Texto completo da fonteBaynunk guñaamolo, an Atlantic language of the Niger-Congo family, is spoken in southern Senegal, specifically in Niamone, in the region of Ziguinchor (Casamance). After a presentation of the language and its speakers, this work provides a detailed study of its phonological, morphological and syntaxic structures. It presents a series of 19 consonant phonemes and 10 vowel phonemes. These are governed by the laws of vowel harmony according to the +1/-ATR feature. The language presents also rules of amuïssement, weakening of intervocalic consonant, of epenthesis and assimilation. Nominal morphology presents a system of nominal classes with rich agreement class. We identified a total of 27 nominal prefixes, including 15 singular prefixes and 12 plural prefixes. They correlate between them according to singular / plural duality. Agreement marker prefixes appear only in the infinitive verb form. TAM markers are all suffixed to verbal theme but there is also are duplicated form of accomplished value. The derivational system by affixes adjunction contributes to the formation of new lexical units and in the transformation of verbal valence. Other grammatical categories were also visited : prepositions, adverbs and ideophones. Sentence constituents are constructed according to SVO order which can be modified only when highlighted. We also analyzed verbal and non-verbal predications, but also issues related to topicalisation and focalisation. Finally, the point on interrogation has the distinction of wearing focus marker
Pandolfi, Denis Pons Marie-Noëlle. "Caractérisation morphologique et physiologique de la biomasse des boues activées par analyse d'images". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy : INPL, 2006. http://www.scd.inpl-nancy.fr/theses/2006_PANDOLFI_D.pdf.
Texto completo da fonteBurri, Elena. "La céramique du Néolithique moyen : analyse spatiale et histoire des peuplements /". Lausanne : Bibl. Histor. Vaudoise, 2007. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=016252442&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Texto completo da fonteCappi, Alberto. "Analyse statistique de la distribution spatiale des galaxies et des amas". Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA112104.
Texto completo da fonteEl-Hajj, Eid May. "Analyse contrastive de la deixis spatiale en libanais et en français". Grenoble 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE39067.
Texto completo da fontePilleboue, Adrien. "Analyse spatiale et spectrale des motifs d'échantillonnage pour l'intégration Monte Carlo". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10225/document.
Texto completo da fonteSampling is a key step in rendering pipeline. It allows the integration of light arriving to a point of the scene in order to calculate its color. Monte Carlo integration is generally the most used method to approximate that integral by choosing a finite number of samples. Reducing the bias and the variance of Monte Carlo integration has become one of the most important issues in realistic rendering. The solutions found are based on smartly positioning the samples points in a way that maximizes the uniformity of the distribution while avoiding the regularities. From this point of view, the 80s were a turning point in this domain, as new stochastic methods appeared. With a better comprehension of links between Monte Carlo integration and sampling, these methods allow the reduction of noise and of variance in rendered images. In parallel, the complexity of sampling methods has considerably enhanced, enabling to have fast as well as good quality methods. However, these improvements have been done by trial and error focusing on two major points : the improvement of sampling pattern uniformity, and the suppression of regularities. Even though there exists some theories allowing to bound the error of the integration, they are usually limited, and even inapplicable in computer graphics. This thesis proposes to gather the analysis tools of sampling patterns and to connect them together. These tools can characterize spatial properties such as the distribution of distances between points, as well as spectral properties via Fourier transformation. Secondly, we have used these tools in order to give a simple expression of the bias and the variance for Monte Carlo integration ; this is done by using prerequisites compatible with image rendering. Finally, we present a theoretical toolbox allowing to determine the convergence speed of a sampling method from its spectral profile. This toolbox is used specifically to give indications about the design principles necessary for new sampling algorithms
Ahmed-Chaouch, Nabil. "Analyse historique et comparative des deux villes : la vieille ville d'Aix-en-Provence, la médina de Constantine à l'aide des S.I.G. : Comparaison historique et géographique de la croissance de deux villes méditerranéennes". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3025.
Texto completo da fonteMany fields of applications use spatial representations. This is the case of architecture, town planning or geography. The acquisition of these spatial datas in town planning these last years has experienced a significant progress with the introduction of new instruments. This acquisition allows to get urban support analysis at different levels of details and for different purposes. This thesis proposes an approach to combine two disciplines, the urban typomorphology and geomatics. We have explained the central notion of morphological process, the different steps of operation peculiar to the historical analysis for the treatment of map datas with the GIS instrument, primarily our work consist to explore the GIS contribution to the historical data treatment and analysis. We focused particularly on the approach to complete typomorphological potential interpretive and descriptive. Our thesis work has been made from different stages, we can mention the construction of a formal classification, concepts related to the historical development and morphology of Constantine and Aix-en-Provence. Starting from this urban history compare the two cities has established a chronology of the evolution of urban forms, to better understand the challenges each of these latter. Specifically, this work allows us to contribute to improving the mastery of the urban project. Finally tracks are proposed to continue this work by exploiting the platform exploration of 3D representation proved very useful for making historical analysis