Literatura científica selecionada sobre o tema "American Association of Port Authorities"
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Artigos de revistas sobre o assunto "American Association of Port Authorities"
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Maricuț, Alin, Giani-Ionel Grădinaru, Erika Marin e Valentina Vasile. "Efficiency of urban development: gaps in continental profile". Management & Marketing 18, s1 (1 de dezembro de 2023): 398–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mmcks-2023-0021.
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Abstract International authorities such as the European Commission and the United Nations pay special attention to sustainable urban development, for this purpose, strategies such as the European Green Deal or the Sustainable Development Strategy 2030 agenda, SDG 11 Sustainable cities and communities are developed. Urban development represents a fundamental direction in the transition process towards the green economy, a sustainable economic model. The paper aims to identify the degree of efficiency of economic development in the context of sustainable development for 41 cities in Romania, Germany, Japan, United States of America and Australia. To achieve this objective, the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method is used, with the aim of identifying the gaps regarding the sustainability of the analyzed cities. Data Envelopment Analysis allows the evaluation of the efficiency of urban settlements in the sample based on representative variables, selected as input. So, the research is ready to give answer to question like “What are the efficient cities in terms of sustainability?” and “What are the relationships between the cities included in the sample?”. The main results showed that there are cities that have a model of sustainable economic development, but certain cities present significant gaps from the point of view of efficient sustainable economic development. In addition, port cities seem to develop an association relationship, with inefficient port cities being associated with efficient port cities.
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MALONI, MICHAEL, e ERIC C. JACKSON. "North American Container Port Capacity: A Literature Review". Transportation Journal 44, n.º 2 (2005): 16–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20713596.
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Abstract International marine container volumes have surged over the last several decades, but North American ports and their supporting container distribution networks have struggled to increase capacity to match this expansion. This article seeks to review and organize existing container network capacity literature into a taxonomy based on the interrelated stakeholders of container flows. The article first establishes the industry capacity situation, then examines research of capacity influences from stakeholders, including port authorities, terminal operators, longshore labor, shippers, railroads, drayage carriers, intermediaries, ocean carriers, governments, and local communities. Ultimately, the article attempts to establish the urgency of container network capacity problems and identify areas needing further research.
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MALONI, MICHAEL, e ERIC C. JACKSON. "North American Container Port Capacity: A Literature Review". Transportation Journal 44, n.º 2 (2005): 16–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/transportationj.44.2.0016.
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Abstract International marine container volumes have surged over the last several decades, but North American ports and their supporting container distribution networks have struggled to increase capacity to match this expansion. This article seeks to review and organize existing container network capacity literature into a taxonomy based on the interrelated stakeholders of container flows. The article first establishes the industry capacity situation, then examines research of capacity influences from stakeholders, including port authorities, terminal operators, longshore labor, shippers, railroads, drayage carriers, intermediaries, ocean carriers, governments, and local communities. Ultimately, the article attempts to establish the urgency of container network capacity problems and identify areas needing further research.
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Nyberg, John E., Shachak Pe’eri, Susan L. Slocum, Matthew Rice, Maction Komwa e Donglian Sun. "Planning and Preparation for Cruising Infrastructure: Cuba as a Case Study". Sustainability 13, n.º 5 (9 de março de 2021): 2951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052951.
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The cruise line industry (CLI) provides an opportunity to rapidly improve national (and regional) economies in destinations. However, lack of planning and proper preparation by destination authorities and the cruise industry can have significant impacts on the local community, commerce, and environment. This paper identifies and quantifies near-shore challenges between the national authorities and the CLI that include port facility preparedness and the potential stresses on local infrastructure. These key parameters used to quantify the impact of the CLI on established destinations can potentially become part of the analysis, negotiation, and communication between all parties involved (government, business, and tourists) as part of the contribution to ensure sustainable CLI destinations. The Port of Havana, Cuba was selected as the study site and was compared against similar cruise line destinations around the Meso-American region (Philipsburg, Sint Maarten, Belize City, Belize, and Progreso, Mexico). The Port of Havana’s natural infrastructure and the carriage available for the incoming ship (i.e., nautical charting) appear to be adequate for welcoming increased cruise ship traffic. The main concerns are the potential toll on local resources including the impact on port traffic and the local infrastructure required to support tourists once they depart the ship.
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Huttleston, Donald G. "Cultivar Registration of Unassigned Woody Ornamentals". HortScience 21, n.º 3 (junho de 1986): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.21.3.361.
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Abstract Registration of cultivar names of woody ornamental plants in North America (exclusive of roses, fruits, and nuts) began in 1948 under the auspices of the American Association of Nurserymen (AAN). In 1959, Arnold Arboretum assumed responsibility for the registration of woody ornamental cultivars that had not been assigned to other registration authorities. In 1980, the International Society for Horticultural Science appointed the American Association of Botanical Gardens and Arboreta (AABGA) as North American Coordinator for the International Registration Authority for cultivar names of unassigned woody ornamentals and for National Registration authorities in the United States and Canada. Arnold Arboretum (1959–1980), the U.S. National Arboretum (1981-1984), and Longwood Gardens (1984–present) have served as International Registration Authorities for cultivar names of unassigned woody ornamentals.
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Roberts, Toby, Ian Williams, John Preston, Nick Clarke, Melinda Odum e Stefanie O’Gorman. "Love Thy Neighbour: Social Benefits and Port-City Relationships". Sustainability 13, n.º 23 (3 de dezembro de 2021): 13391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313391.
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As awareness of the negative externalities created by ports increases, and the perceived local benefits decrease, ports must find new ways to improve the local noneconomic benefits they provide if they are to obtain local support. This global survey collected data from 51 ports in 26 countries. The results highlight a recognition by port authorities that ports face increasing pressure from local residents to reduce their negative impacts and that they should seek to improve the public perception towards the port by increasing local benefits. At present, port information and social media (81%), port events (67%) and education (63%) are the most adopted options. There is a lack of evidence that these measures are effective in improving local perceptions. Maritime museums and public access show a positive association with increasing local awareness of the benefits a port provides, despite their lower levels of adoption (45%). Port centres are the least adopted option at present (29%) and can be expected to increase significantly, with a 43% increase anticipated between numbers of current and expected future centres. Education (14%), public access (13%) and maritime museums (4.5%) also show increases in levels of interest. Maritime museums and public access should be pursued as proven, effective options for improving local perceptions of ports, whilst port centres may provide a new focal point for port-related social and cultural activities.
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Bonow, Clarice Alves, Valdecir Zavarese da Costa, Leticia Silveira Cardoso, Rita Maria Heck, Jordana Cezar Vaz, Cynthia Fontella Sant’Anna, Julia Torres Cavalheiro et al. "Risk Perception and Fatigue in Port Workers: A Pilot Study". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 21, n.º 3 (13 de março de 2024): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21030338.
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Introduction and Objectives: The aims of this study were to assess fatigue in port workers; analyze the association between fatigue and levels of trust in organizations, as well as the association between authorities and risk perception; and examine the official documents governing the studied port, along with the current health and communication status of the port workers. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional pilot study, which presented quantitative and qualitative data, and it was carried out among port workers in the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Thirty-nine port workers responded to quantitative questionnaires, which collected their socio-demographic data, as well as a risk perception questionnaire, the Chalder Fatigue Scale, and the Checklist of Individual Strength. Five documents from the port regiment were studied and qualitatively analyzed. The health communications consisted of presenting infographics with research data and providing information for reducing fatigue. Results: Fifteen workers (38.5%) were considered fatigued. There was a reduction in fatigue associated with trust in the unions and the labor management body, and there was an agreement that the precarious environment was completely unacceptable. The qualitative data in the documents indicated that it was possible to identify the infrastructure of the port environment, the legislation, the strategies to be adopted in cases of natural disasters, emergency plans, plans for the protection and promotion of workers’ health, individual and collective protection plans, the division of the sectors and those responsible for them, and documents detailing the hierarchy within the ports. The qualitative analysis culminated in graphic representations (infographics) created to communicate the research results to port workers, specifically in relation to fatigue, and we presented the ways to prevent fatigue at work. Discussion/Limitations: Studying the risk perceptions and fatigue levels of port workers through research with the active participation of these workers presented their lived experiences, which promoted discussion and perhaps more effective proposals to change their work conditions.
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Assis, Ana Carolina Velloso, Rafael Igrejas Silva, Luiz Flavio Autran Monteiro Gomes e Edson Daniel Lopes Gonçalves. "Port capacity expansion under real options approach: a case study in Brazil". Independent Journal of Management & Production 13, n.º 1 (1 de março de 2022): 234–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14807/ijmp.v13i1.1476.
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Investments in port container terminals are sensitive to uncertainties. Public investments in infrastructure have been significantly reduced in the last decade in developing countries. The Brazilian government infrastructure investment was only 1.85 % of GDP in 2019, representing the lowest level in the last fifty years. Nonetheless, the regulatory framework of the port sector in Brazil has undergone significant changes over time, increasing the number of private port container terminal leases. The expansion capacity of the private port facilities is strongly linked to the demand uncertainty, which impacts the financial return to the long run. In this scenario, the uncertainty of global cargo transportation can discourage infrastructure investments in this class of project in Brazil. To overcome these issues, the financial modelling applying real options approach is better suited than the traditional valuation methods based on Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) analysis. The present study aims to value flexibilities of anticipating, or postponing, or interrupting investments of an existing operational port terminal in Brazil with expansion capacity under the demand uncertainty. The financial decision to invest in a port expansion is modeled by an American option. The results demonstrate that the investor adds significant value to the project by having the possibility to postpone investments. The proposed model presents the contribution of optimizing the decision of sequential expansions of capacity in port terminals, at any time and according to scenarios' revelation. In addition, the model allows the government authorities to review lease contracts, considering the relevance of timing to invest in project expansion decisions. The proposed model can also be extended to other infrastructure projects in emerging economies.
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Rodríguez-Miaja, Fernando E. "Las publicaciones en el ámbito de la ciencia política". Estudios Políticos, n.º 61 (18 de janeiro de 2024): 45–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fcpys.24484903e.2024.61.87606.
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En este artículo se analizan algunos de los formatos de estilo comúnmente utilizados en el ambiente académico de las ciencias sociales, particularmente en el campo de la ciencia política. Se sintetizan algunos de los elementos más importantes en sistemas como los de la American Psychological Association (APA), la de la Modern Language Association (MLA), el manual de la Universidad de Chicago y otros, como los sistemas Harvard, Oxford, Vancouver, la Modern Humanities Research Association (MHRA), la Oxford Standard for the Citation of Legal Authorities (OSCOLA) y la American Meteorological Society (AMS). Utilizando tanto ejemplos teóricos como prácticos, se describen casos específicos y se comparan las últimas versiones de algunos sistemas
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Cucinotta, F., E. Guglielmino e F. Sfravara. "Frequency of Ship Collisions in the Strait of Messina through Regulatory and Environmental Constraints Assessment". Journal of Navigation 70, n.º 5 (31 de março de 2017): 1002–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463317000157.
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The Strait of Messina is a very busy sea area that separates Sicily and the Italian mainland. In respect of environment and for the prevention of human loss, it is fundamental to have an estimate of the possible ship accidents that could occur. In this work, the approach used is the International Association of Lighthouse Authorities Waterways Risk Assessment Program (IWRAP) model. The first part of the paper describes the local and global traffic and the separation scheme in the Strait of Messina. The model input data is obtained from the Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) system thanks to the Coast Guard of Messina. The second part concerns calculation of the geometrical collisions (number of collisions in different scenarios) and the causation probability. This analysis is the basis for the discussion of new regulatory constraints due to the future realisation of new piers in the south and the planned unification of the two Port Authorities of the two shores into one single authority.
Livros sobre o assunto "American Association of Port Authorities"
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Jean, Henry, National Sculpture Society (U.S.), Port of History Museum at Penn's Landing. e Drexel University Museum, eds. The National Sculpture Society celebrates the figure: In association with Port of History Museum and Drexel University Museum : Port of History Museum, Penn's Landing, Philadelphia, PA, September 17 to November 15, 1987. New York, NY (15 E. 26 St., New York 10010): N.S.S., 1987.
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Bochner, Jay. An American lens: Scenes from Alfred Stieglitz's New York Secession. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2005.
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Ports, '95 (1995 Tampa Fla ). Ports '95: Proceedings of the conference sponsored by the Committee on Ports and Harbors of the Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering Division of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE); U.S. Section of the Permanent International Association of Navigation Congresses (PIANC), Tampa, Florida, March 13-15, 1995. New York, N.Y: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1995.
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Canada. Parliament. House of Commons. Bill: An act to extend to the Dominion of Canada the powers of the Corporation called De Nederlandsch-Americansche Land Maatschappij (The Netherlands-American Land Company). Ottawa: MacLean, Roger, 2002.
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An American lens: Scenes from Alfred Stieglitz's New York Secession. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2005.
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Bochner, Jay. An American Lens: Scenes from Alfred Stieglitz's New York Secession (Cooperative Information System). The MIT Press, 2008.
Encontre o texto completo da fonteCapítulos de livros sobre o assunto "American Association of Port Authorities"
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Cáceres, Santiago, Francisco Valverde, Carlos E. Palau, Andreu Belsa Pellicer, Christos A. Gizelis, Dimosthenes Krassas, Hanane Becha et al. "Towards Cognitive Ports of the Future". In Technologies and Applications for Big Data Value, 453–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78307-5_20.
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AbstractIn modern societies, the rampant growth of data management technologies—that have access to data sources from a plethora of heterogeneous systems—enables data analysts to leverage their advantages to new areas and critical infrastructures. However, there is no global reference standard for data platform technology. Data platforms scenarios are characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity at all levels (middleware, application service, data/semantics, scalability, and governance), preventing deployment, federation, and interoperability of existing solutions. Although many initiatives are dealing with developing data platform architectures in diversified application domains, not many projects have addressed integration in port environments with the possibility of including cognitive services. Unlike other cases, port environment is a complex system that consists of multiple heterogeneous critical infrastructures, which are connected and dependent on each other. The key pillar is to define the design of a secure interoperable system facilitating the exchange of data through standardized data models, based on common semantics, and offering advanced interconnection capabilities leading to cooperation between different IT/IoT/Objects platforms. This contribution deals with scalability, interoperability, and standardization features of data platforms from a business point of view in a smart and cognitive port case study. The main goal is to design an innovative platform, named DataPorts, which will overcome these obstacles and provide an ecosystem where port authorities, external data platforms, transportation, and logistics companies can cooperate and create the basis to offer cognitive services. The chapter relates to knowledge and learning as well as to systems, methodologies, hardware, and tools cross-sectorial technology enablers of the AI, Data and Robotics Strategic Research, Innovation & Deployment Agenda (Milano et al., Strategic research, innovation and deployment agenda - AI, data and robotics partnership. Third release. Big Data Value Association, 2020).
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Bushman, Richard Lyman. "Revolution". In The American Farmer in the Eighteenth Century. Yale University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300226737.003.0009.
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Until 1774, farmers passively observed the agitation against parliamentary taxation rather than actively engaging in the anti-Parliament agitation. One reason was that the Stamp Act affected them far less directly than it did urban populations. The Stamp Act was an excise tax, a type which farmers had always favored over taxes on persons and property which bore more heavily on rural society. Farmers mobilized at last in 1774 after the Boston Port Bill closed the port as punishment for Bostonians dumping tea in their harbor. Rural towns and counties formed committees, passed resolutions, and organized militia companies. Farmers’ economic interests were not directly affected; they were soon to accept the Association which voluntarily closed American ports to put pressure on Britain. They seemed rather to see the Port Bill as a government attack on the people in contradiction of its primary obligation to protect. Farm areas in Pennsylvania and throughout North America formed committees to speak and act for the people. They enforced the Association which forbade exports to Britain and organized militia companies in preparation for an expected British effort to enforce the laws. Farm areas demonstrated their capacity for acting as a body and so were not dismayed when Independence was declared in 1776 and government by the people instituted.
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Horton, James Oliver, e Lois E. Horton. "Troublesome Property: The Many Forms of Slave Resistance". In Slavery and the Making of America, 119–60. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195304510.003.0005.
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Abstract Just three weeks before the Amistad Africans returned to Africa, the American ship Creole sailed out of Hampton Roads, Virginia, bound for New Orleans with one hundred thirty-five slaves aboard. As the vessel approached the British Bahamas, nineteen slaves, led by Virginia slave Madison Washington, staged a rebellion. The rebels killed a slave trader whose gun had misfired, wounded the captain, and took over the ship. They forced the crew to put into port at Nassau, where British authorities captured them. The British imprisoned the nineteen who had taken over the ship, and the American consul demanded that they be returned to the United States for trial. Black Bahamians, however, had other ideas. Fifty boats filled with local residents sailed to the Creole, surrounded it to prevent it from leaving port, and then threatened to free the slaves by force if necessary. The authorities succumbed to public pressure and released all of the slaves.1
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Fitzpatrick, Joan. "States of Emergency in the Inter-American Human Rights System". In The Inter-American System of Human Rights, 371–94. Oxford University PressOxford, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198265528.003.0012.
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Abstract Among the members of the Organization of American States (OAS), the association between human rights abuse and states of emergency has been strong. Several characteristics of the legal and political culture contribute to this phenomenon-periodic seizures of power by the military from civilian authorities, formalistic legal systems with weak traditions of separation of powers, and economically and racially polarized societies producing insurgent or terrorist groups. Human rights catastrophes occurred so frequently that the very concept of a ‘state of siege’ took on a Latin American countenance during the 1970s and 1980s.
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Lachowski, Zdzislaw. "Inspiring the non-European CSBM debate". In Confidence- and Security-Building Measures in the New Europe, 187–92. Oxford University PressOxford, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198297888.003.0009.
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Abstract The normalization of military relations in Europe has not been adequately paralleled by similar steps in other regions of the world. The successive generations of confidence- (and security-) building measures were tailored to the specific context of a divided Europe and its specific post-cold ,war context. The experience of some non-European regions seems to prove the exclusivity rather than the universality of European CSHMs.42’ Various attempts to utilize them in other politico-military contexts have yielded mixed results. In the Association of South-Fast Asian Nations (ASFAN) region and Latin America. military CBMs have been agreed within packages of broader, loose confidence-enhancing steps, and the political and military authorities have endeavoured to test more and more of them. In Central Asia CSBM and arms control agreements were reached in 1996-97 by the ‘Shanghai Five’ (China and Russia plus three Central Asian states).
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Broeze, Frank. "Merchants from Sail to Steam: The West Australian Shipping Association and the Evolution of the Conference System, 1884-1910". In From Wheel House to Counting House, 273–302. Liverpool University Press, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9780969588511.003.0012.
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This section of the journal is comprised of essays exploring international maritime history, in fields closely related to Professor Davies' own research. Frank Broeze examines the conferences of the port Fremantle; Anders Fon and Lewis R. Fischer explore Norwegian shipbroking; Helge Nordvik reviews the life of Norwegian shipowner, Lauritz Kloster; and Lars Scholl considers the 1920 re-establishment of the Hamburg-American line.
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Niedermeier, Silvan. "Police Torture and “Legal Lynchings” in the American South". In The Color of the Third Degree, traduzido por Paul Cohen, 14–38. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469652979.003.0002.
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This chapter examines the connection between the torture inflicted by law enforcement officials in the South during the 1930s and 1940s and the decline in the number of lynching of African Americans during this period. The Scottsboro case displays the racist structure of the justice system and outlines the tradition of violence and pattern of African Americans accused of rape and sexual assault. The illustration of violence further examines black history involving the Reconstruction era in which African American challenged for equality against white supremacy. Emphasized in this chapter is the process of torture by lynching against African American. Lynching aimed to discipline landless blacks and serve as a fear and embed a stereotype of racial difference. The decrease of lynching occurred in the early 1900s as the South questioned their reputation, and the Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching (ASWPL) promoted anti-lynching campaigns. The case of Ed Brown, Arthur Ellington, and Henry Shields documents the violent dynamics that tended to emerge as state authorities increasingly asserted their monopoly on the use of force in the South.
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Dorr, Lisa Lindquist. "Booze Cops in Cuba". In A Thousand Thirsty Beaches, 87–126. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469643274.003.0004.
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While the United States established anti-smuggling treaties with many countries, and a “Rum Treaty” with Cuba, it was a small band of undercover agents in Havana who stopped the liquor traffic out of Havana, but only temporarily. Led by American Henry Kime with the help of Commander Charles S. Root of the Coast Guard Intelligence Division, these agents determined how smugglers obtained forged customs documents, and convinced Cuban Customs authorities to prevent the departure from port of suspected rum runners. It was only a temporary victory. Bureaucratic inefficiency and confusion among federal agencies involved in Prohibition enforcement, and Cuban frustration with failure of U.S. enforcement efforts overall, eventually allowed the liquor traffic to resume.
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Leiner, Frederick C. "Unfinished Business". In The End Of Barbary Terror, 123–39. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195189940.003.0006.
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Abstract After Making His Treaty, Decatur and some of his officers and men went ashore to see the sights and scenes of Algiers. Norderling entertained four of the U.S. captains at dinner on July 2, and when Decatur went ashore, the Algerine authorities respectfully saluted him with five guns from the fort. But even with the American slaves now freed and safely aboard the squadron, the squalor of the European slaves working at the mole depressed the American sailors. One Venetian slave—“in most wretched condition” according to Peter Potter, with chains attached to his legs— managed to escape and jumped into one of the Guerriere’s liberty boats at the mole. The overseer with an armed party approached the American naval officer in charge at the landing and demanded the return of the slave. The officer, without orders, did not know what to do, and surely did not want to create an incident in a foreign and hostile port; he gave up the man, despite his screams and begging for help.
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Lawson, P. "Low calorie food formulation the use of carbohydrates as fat replacers". In Gums and stabilisers for the Food industry 6, 441–50. Oxford University PressOxford, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199632848.003.0056.
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Abstract The increasing trend in nutritional and health awareness is leading to a demand from the consumer for new reduced or low calorie foods. Excess fat intake specifically of saturated fats, has been identified by health professionals as a major factor in the ailments of civilised societies. The American Heart Association recommends a reduction in fat consumption so that not more than 30% of total calorie intake is derived from fat. This proposal has been endorsed by the health authorities in many other countries. It is clear, therefore, that we have to reduce fat consumption and to increase our intake of preferably complex carbohydrates.
Trabalhos de conferências sobre o assunto "American Association of Port Authorities"
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Szeto, Kei, e Stefan Grochowalski. "Maneuvering Simulation Model Based oh Ship Design Parameters". In SNAME 22nd American Towing Tank Conference. SNAME, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/attc-1989-057.
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The knowledge of maneuvering characteristics of ships under different conditions is paramount from the safety and operation point of view. The maneuvering characteristics can be predicted in a number of ways: model scale maneuvering test, numerical calculation using hydrodynamic theories and numerical simulation based on semispherical formulas. The first and second approaches require detailed information of the hull geometry and other particulars. The model test prediction is often costly since it requires model construction, specialized equipment and testing facilities, etc. The theoretical prediction is less expensive than the model test but it usually requires substantial amount of computer resources, and CPU time in particular. On the other hand, semiempirical prediction does not require detailed ship information or extensive use of computer facilities, and it is the least expensive. However, it can only predict the general maneuvering characteristics for a given combination of ship basic parameters – principle dimensions, rudder and propeller particulars. Such general maneuvering characteristics would be essential for applications in ship design, port planning and maritime policy making. Using the semiempirical prediction at the early stage of a ship design, the designer can optimize the ship basic parameters in relation to maneuverability and other mission requirements. The port authorities and regulatory agencies can consult the semiempirical prediction in their decision making process regarding port development, traffic control and navigational requirements for different classes of ships. Bearing this in mind, a hydrodynamic derivative-type maneuvering simulation model has been developed at the Institute for Marine Dynamics ( IMD) of the National Research Council Canada. The development of the model was based on published information. The simulation model can predict the maneuvering characteristics of a ship if its hydrodynamic derivatives, rudder and propeller geometry are known. In addition, it can also predict maneuvering characteristics of merchant ships based on its basic design parameters including: length, beam, draft, block and waterplane coefficients, displacement, rudder and propeller geometry, etc. The model allows continuous engine speed and rudder angle inputs for simulation of both standard and arbitrary maneuvers. The model can also predict the influence of different propulsion systems and operating conditions oo the maneuvering behavior. It incorporates the effect of a bow thruster and the different response characteristic of steam and diesel power plants. In addition, the effects of bank and channel, current, shallow water and wind on the maneuvering behavior are incorporated. The mathematical formulations of the basic maneuvering model, thruster, propulsion plants and various environmental effects are described in Section 2 and 3. A carputer software package has been developed according to the mathematical formulations described. The package utilizes the existing carputer facilities at IMD. It is designed to be user-friendly and operates interactively according to the instructions of the user. The structure and usage of the simulation software are described in Section 4. A discussion of the accuracy of the simulation model is based on comparisons with model scale and sea trial results and the conclusions are presented in section 5 and 6, respectively.
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Yue, Wang, Zhan Lechang, Ma Wenjuan, Zhang Yongxin e Ma Li. "Research on Approval of Domestic and International Transport Container Application of Radioactive Material". In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66279.
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Due to the potentially dangerous properties of radioactive material, it is during the transport that the process of nuclear energy and technology uses are prone to nuclear and radiation accidents. Radioactive material hence must be transported with reasonable containers to achieve heat dissipation, confinement of radioactive material, radiation shielding and prevention of nuclear criticality. The key to transport safety lies in the designing and manufacturing quality of the transport containers. Therefore, the safety supervision for transport containers of radioactive material is a guarantee for the environment and the public from nuclear and radiation hazards, also is international general practice. As the most authoritative international organization, International Atomic Energy Agenda (IAEA) draws up and regularly revises safety regulation ‘Regulation for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material’, which proposes technical indicators for transport containers of radioactive material and responsibility of competent authorities. According to the transport modes, other international organizations, such as International Maritime Organization, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Air Transport Association, United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, enacted related transport safety regulations based on actual needs. This paper introduces the administrative licensing approval process for the transport containers of radioactive material in China and the research on competent authority and approval procedure in American, Russia, France, Canada, Germany and Great Britain. In China, National Nuclear Safe Administration (NNSA) is responsible for the licensing approval for the transport containers of radioactive material, including designing, manufacturing, using and transporting of transport containers. NNSA also organizes and formulates relevant administrative regulations and approval procedures, and has issued administrative regulation ‘Regulation on the Safe Management for the Transport of Radioactive Material’ and a series of administrative rules, management procedures, guide, technical documents and so on. These regulations established the sort management of radioactive materials and the responsibility for competent authority, and also stipulated approval and supervision for transport and transport containers of radioactive materials. While some other countries, such as America, certifies the transport containers of radioactive material to achieve the control. The domestic and overseas research into administrative licensing approval processes for transport containers is in view of the increasing transport of radioactive material among countries and the requirement of international transport. Transport containers with material of high potential risk, such as spent fuel, need to obtain the transport approval from the competent authority of transit or arrival country. Therefore, the research on domestic and other countries licensing management of transport containers of radioactive material, which is not only beneficial to improving the transport safety management of radioactive material in China, but also can promote international transport campaigns of radioactive material..