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Jorgenson, Mica, e John Sandlos. "Dust versus Dust: Aluminum Therapy and Silicosis in the Canadian and Global Mining Industries". Canadian Historical Review 102, n.º 1 (março de 2021): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/chr-2019-0049.
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By the 1930s, silicosis – a debilitating lung disease caused by the inhalation of silica dust – had reached epidemic proportions among miners in the gold-producing Porcupine region of northern Ontario. In response, industrial doctors at the McIntyre Mine began to test aluminum powder as a possible prophylactic against the effects of silica dust. In 1944, the newly created McIntyre Research Foundation began distributing aluminum powder throughout Canada and exported this new therapy to mines across the globe. The practice continued until the 1980s despite a failure to replicate preventative effects of silicosis and emerging evidence of adverse neurological impacts among long-time recipients of aluminum therapy. Situated at the intersection of labour, health, science, and environmental histories, this article argues that aluminum therapy represents an extreme and important example where industry and health researchers collaborated on quick-fix “miracle cures” rather than the systemic (and more expensive) changes to the underground environment necessary to reduce the risk of silicosis.
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Vereh-Belousova, Ekaterina, e Alina Harlamova. "Environmentally Safe Trends of Coal Mining Waste Usage as Aluminum Technogenic Raw Material". Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University 20, n.º 1 (20 de março de 2023): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2023-1-142-150.
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Purpose: Substantiation and development of new environmentally safe trends for utilization of dump rock of Donbass coal mines as technogenic aluminum deposits. To investigate mineralogical and chemical composition of dump rock samples of metamorphism varying degrees in order to substantiate the possibility of their processing as technogenic poor aluminum raw material. To conduct the experiments on chemical and biochemical (bacterial) leaching of fluid (soluble) aluminum compounds from dump rock samples. Methods: Analysis of chemical transformations and technogenic mineralogy in stored dump rock. Chemical and biochemical acid leaching of aluminum sulfate salts from dump rock of metamorphism varying degrees was carried out. Results: It has been established that according to the content of bauxites, the dump rock of Donbass coal mines can be attributed to poor aluminum raw material. Method of acid chemical leaching of soluble aluminum compounds with sulfuric acid solutions of various concentrations is proposed and effective leaching with weak acid solutions is proved. Method of biochemical (bacterial) leaching of aluminum salts is substantiated and vindicated. Practical significance: It is testified that environmental friendliness and cost–effectiveness of the process of closely-grouped biochemical leaching is ensured by the fact that the main reagent — sulfuric acid - is formed naturally as a result of bacteria vital functions and the process does not need additional technological units for acid production.
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Dehnert, Jörg, Jens Stopp, Peter Windisch e Bernd Schönherrt. "Quick-Erect Stopping System for Radiation Protection and Mine Rescue in Small-scale Mining". Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration 37, n.º 6 (23 de julho de 2020): 1807–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42461-020-00261-2.
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AbstractThe Quick-Erect Stopping System (QESS) offers a new way of reducing the radon exposures of miners in Germany, especially during remediation work in old mines. The QESS is a light-weight, modular, and reusable construction kit of interlocking telescopic aluminum tubes, radon-proof foil, and expanding foam. It is designed to seal off radon-rich parts of galleries within only a few minutes. Originally, the QESS was developed to protect miners against radon exposures. Then, the QESS found the attention of several mine rescue teams at a German mining conference. The Student Mine Rescue of the Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg and the Wismut Mine Rescue carried out first mine rescue drills in Freiberg and Schlema. Additionally, a mine rescue drill was carried out by the Front Range Mine Rescue in the Edgar Experimental Mine of the Colorado School of Mines. These drills helped to improve the system and highlighted its potential for mine rescue operations. Now, the QESS is well-suited for small-scale mining. The QESS can be used to seal off galleries in only a few minutes to both protect miners from radon exposures and to support mine rescue operations. Moreover, the QESS was also successfully used in ventilation experiments.
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Evans, Michael J., Kathryn Kay, Chelsea Proctor, Christian J. Thomas e Jacob W. Malcom. "Linking mountaintop removal mining to water quality for imperiled species using satellite data". PLOS ONE 16, n.º 11 (4 de novembro de 2021): e0239691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239691.
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Environmental laws need sound data to protect species and ecosystems. In 1996, a proliferation of mountaintop removal coal mines in a region home to over 50 federally protected species was approved under the Endangered Species Act. Although this type of mining can degrade terrestrial and aquatic habitats, the available data and tools limited the ability to analyze spatially extensive, aggregate effects of such a program. We used two large, public datasets to quantify the relationship between mountaintop removal coal mining and water quality measures important to the survival of imperiled species at a landscape scale across Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. We combined an annual map of the extent of surface mines in this region from 1985 to 2015 generated from Landsat satellite imagery with public water quality data collected over the same time period from 4,260 monitoring stations within the same area. The water quality data show that chronic and acute thresholds for levels of aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, conductivity, copper, lead, manganese, mercury, pH, selenium, and zinc safe for aquatic life were exceeded thousands of times between 1985 and 2015 in streams that are important to the survival and recovery of species on the Endangered Species List. Linear mixed models showed that levels of manganese, sulfate, sulfur, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, and zinc increased by 6.73E+01 to 6.87E+05 μg/L and conductivity by 3.30E+06 μS /cm for one percent increase in the mined proportion of the area draining into a monitoring station. The proportion of a drainage area that was mined also increased the likelihood that chronic thresholds for copper, lead, and zinc required to sustain aquatic life were exceeded. Finally, the proportion of a watershed that was mined was positively related to the likelihood that a waterway would be designated as impaired under the Clean Water Act. Together these results demonstrate that the extent of mountaintop removal mining, which can be derived from public satellite data, is predictive of water quality measures important to imperiled species—effects that must be considered under environmental law. These findings and the public data used in our analyses are pertinent to ongoing re-evaluations of the effects of current mine permitting regulations to the recovery and survival of federally protected species.
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Zhou, Xue Lian. "Development and Utilization of Circular Economy and Urban Mining - Chengdu City Based Renewable Resource Industry Survey". Applied Mechanics and Materials 768 (junho de 2015): 644–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.768.644.
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Along with the process of economic growth and urbanization, China has entered a peak period of electronic appliances and automotive industry products obsolescence. On one hand, municipal waste disposal is increasing and causing environmental pollution and damage; on the other hand, native mineral resources’ exhaustion has increased year by year along with exploitation difficulty and mineral resources import growth. Meanwhile, urban industrial scrap, aka "urban mines", does contain abundant of renewable resources, such as copper, iron, and aluminum. Therefore, based on the theory of circular economy, the exploitation of these "urban mines" is the key strategic industry of China’s "12th five-year plan". This paper is based on the survey of Chengdu city regeneration resources industry situation. We analyzed the current status of regeneration resources recycling industry in Chengdu city, finding problems such as the number of existing garbage collection stations inadequate for renewable resources, and processing technology out of date. Generally speaking, the renewable resources industry in Chengdu is under developed.
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Blind, Felix, e Stefan Fränzle. "Biomining of ‘Heavy’ Metals and Lanthanides from Red Mud of a Former Lignite Mines by Sorption on Chitin". Polysaccharides 5, n.º 2 (14 de junho de 2024): 158–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polysaccharides5020012.
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In times of increasing demand for resources, processing various waste materials is becoming more economically and ecologically viable. Red mud is a waste material that originates from the bauxite process, also known as the Bayer process. Red mud, due to its high alkalinity and heavy metal content, is often stored in landfills, which can lead to accidents such as those in Brazil or Hungary, especially if the storage takes place above ground. Red mud contains not only iron and aluminum residues but also other economically valuable metals such as manganese, titanium, cadmium, or cobalt. Currently, only 4 million tons of the annual production of 150 million tons are utilized in various industries, which is a relatively small amount. Typically, only the iron content is further processed, leaving other potential resources untapped. Chitin has a high binding capacity for various trivalent and divalent metal ions, making it a suitable material for separating red mud into its components. It has been demonstrated that chitin can effectively remove aluminum, barium, cadmium, cobalt, copper, manganese, iron, nickel, lead, strontium, and various lanthanides from a red mud-like sludge. The elements bound to chitin can be easily removed using wet chemistry. Biologically compatible substances are predominantly used in this process, with few exceptions. The removal of elements from red sludge or other mining wastewater using chitin is a viable alternative to traditional mining methods.
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Li, Yinghong, Ruigang Zhang, Jinhua Luan, Deju Zhang, Wei Li, Tingting Zhang e Dong’er Zou. "Research on the development of three-dimensional visual management system for mines: A case study of Chongqing Shuijiang aluminum mine". E3S Web of Conferences 416 (2023): 01022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202341601022.
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In recent years, problems such as unclear mine mining data and illegal mining have brought challenges to mine safety production, ecological environment restoration and mineral resources management. From the perspective of mine production and resource management, this study carried out research on the construction of 3D geological model and the development of visual management system based on multisource data fusion, and selected the Shuijiang aluminum mine in Nanchuan District, Chongqing as the research object to establish a set of 3D visual management system for mine. The visual management system can reflect the production status of the mine in real time, and browse, query, section, reserve and statistics of the three-dimensional model of the mine, which has important practical significance for the supervision of the production mine.
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Sheka, I., e Ye Tsivka. "Substantination of carbon fiber as an innovative materials for fistening of mining workings of coal mines". Collection of Research Papers of the National Mining University 64 (2021): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/crpnmu/64.112.
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Purpose. To analyze composite materials and prospects of their use as fastening materials for mining of coal mines.Perform a comparative analysis of the physical and mechanical properties of the innovative material carbon fiber and metallic materials, as well as compare their features. To determine the possibility of using carbon fiber as a fastening material for mining of coal mines. Research methodology. The generalization of physical and mechanical properties of carbon fiber on the basis of its analysis is performed. The features of mechanical properties of carbon fiber, steel and aluminum are compared, which showed that this composite material has the best physical and mechanical properties and it is expedient to use it in the fastening elements of mine workings. Research results. The areas of use of composite materials in industry are analyzed and generalized, and it is concluded that it is better to use carbon fiber as a fastening material for coal mine workings. A comparative analysis of the physical and mechanical properties of carbon fiber and steel is performed, which shows that this composite material has identical (and sometimes even better) properties as metallic materials. The advantages and disadvantages of carbon fiber as a fastening material for mining of coal mines are estimated. It is specified that the restraining factor, today, is the cost of carbon fiber, and later their price will decrease and demand will increase. It is concluded that when using this composite material in the fasteners of mine workings, it is possible to increase the pace of their implementation, reduce the complexity of the work performed and improve working conditions while facilitating the design. Scientific novelty. It is established that carbon fiber as a composite material can be used in the fastening elements of the preparatory workings of coal mines. Practical value. According to the results of the analysis, it is established that carbon plastics can be used in the fastening elements of mine workings, which will promote the development of underground coal mining.
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Petlovanyi, M., K. Sai e O. Stoliarska. "Problems of waste rock formation during mining of Western Donbass coal reserves: state-of-the-art and solutions". Collection of Research Papers of the National Mining University 71 (dezembro de 2022): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/crpnmu/71.079.
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Purpose. The research purpose is to analyze and generalize the problems of waste rock accumulation, as well as to determine the directions for their possible solution in order to improve the ecological-economic conditions for mining coal reserves in the Western Donbass. Methods. A comprehensive scientific-methodological approach is used, which consists in studying regional accounts on the state of the environment, data from the register of waste disposal sites in the Dnipropetrovsk Oblast, peculiarities of placement of dumps according to the Google Earth program and collected mine data. To study the feasibility of processing dumps, a SWOT-analysis is used, as well as the analysis of existing technologies for processing the rock mass from waste dumps, based on foreign and domestic experience. Findings. Nine rock dumps have been identified, formed as a result of the functioning of the Western Donbass coal mines, where almost 130 million tons of waste rocks have been accumulated on an area of about 190 hectares. It is noted that the reclamation of disturbed lands as the main means of rock utilization is insufficient. Based on a thorough analysis of the SWOT-analysis results, a strategic direction for processing has been determined – the use of rock mass as a raw material for construction (materials and roads) with accompanying extraction of coal, aluminum and iron. The existing technologies for the processing of waste rocks have been systematized. It has been determined that the largest scaling of waste dump processing in the Western Donbass mines can be achieved with a combination of mechanical-chemical methods, among which gravity and magnetic beneficiation methods, mechanical grinding and chemical leaching are priority. Originality. The mechanisms for handling coal waste from coal mines in the Western Donbass have been determined to solve ecological-economic problems associated with their accumulation. Practical implications. The research results reveal possible ways of solving the problems of waste rock accumulation in the Western Donbass mines, which makes ecological and economic sense.
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Hosoev, D. V., e V. V. Kiselev. "Effects of surfactant treatment on the strength of frozen overburden soil samples from coal deposits in the cryolithic zone". Mining Industry Journal (Gornay Promishlennost), n.º 6/2023 (25 de dezembro de 2023): 162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2023-6-162-165.
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The harsh climatic conditions of the cryolithic zone with its long winter period and presence of permafrost soils significantly slow down all technological processes in surface mining. The resistance of frozen rocks at coal mines to digging with mining equipment can be reduced by their preliminary softening with the use of surfactants. The paper discusses the softening effect of aqueous surfactant solutions on samples of frozen overburden rocks. The authors demonstrate that treatment of rocks with solutions of optimal composition and concentration decreases their strength, which makes it possible to enhance the efficiency of In-Pit Crushing and Conveying Systems based on the rotary mechanical shovel in combination with a conveyor as well as the use of continuous miners. Experimental data are presented on the strength properties of artificially made samples of overburden rocks from the Kangalassky coal deposit saturated with surfactant solutions of different concentrations. The authors point out that the highest decrease in the samples strength is achieved when using aqueous solution of aluminum chloride. The results of experiments carried out to establish the effects of distilled water (H2O) and NaCl solutions of different concentrations on the strength properties of fine-grained sandstones from the Elga coal deposit are presented, which confirm that at the temperature of -10°С the maximum reduction of up to 55% is achieved in the strength of the samples, and when the temperature decreases from -10°С to -20°С a slight increase is observed in the sample strength. The authors suggest that the use of surfactants will reduce the strength of the frozen overburden soils, thus making it possible to apply a blast-free mining technology.
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Martell, Janice, e Tee Guidotti. "Breathe Deep, Boys: Voices of the McIntyre Powder Project Miners". NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 32, n.º 1 (9 de fevereiro de 2022): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10482911221079056.
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Northern Ontario gold and uranium miners represent the largest cohort of industrial laborers who were historically exposed to daily nonconsensual industrial medical treatments involving the inhalation of finely ground aluminum dust known as McIntyre Powder. The daughter of one of those miners founded the McIntyre Powder Project in 2015 to document health issues in exposed miners, in an effort to determine whether her father's Parkinson's was related to aluminum inhalation. In response, 553 miners registered with the McIntyre Powder Project between 2015 and 2021 either directly or by their next-of-kin. This paper compiles their lived experiences of being subjected to McIntyre Powder, which contrasts starkly with the official narrative of the northern Ontario mining industry, which licensed its use globally. Additionally, this paper illuminates concerning industrial practices that emerged from the miners’ disclosures, involving incentivized claims suppression, and raising serious questions about the effectiveness of medical screening and regulatory enforcement.
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MURAO, S., K. NAITO, S. HAMASAKI, S. H. SIE e G. DEJIDMAA. "BISMUTH CONTENT OF ELECTRUM FROM MONGOLIAN ARTISANAL/SMALL-SCALE MINING SITES". International Journal of PIXE 16, n.º 01n02 (janeiro de 2006): 145–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083506000903.
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Bismuth ( Bi ) content of electrum from Mongolian artisanal/small-scale mining sites was determined by micro-PIXE at CSIRO. This is to provide artisanal/small-scale miners information on the valuable trace element in electrum which they recover from quartz veins. The analysis was done using a 3 MeV micro-beam (30 micrometer in diameter) with an aluminum filter of 125 micrometer thickness. The result showed that electrum grains from the study area contains Bi with a range from 0 to 2,530 ppm.
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Thevi, T., e A. L. Abas. "Effects of Bauxite and Alumina Exposure on Incidence of Cancer - Meta-analysis". Kathmandu University Medical Journal 18, n.º 4 (31 de dezembro de 2020): 414–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v18i4.49256.
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Bauxite is an ore from which Aluminium is produced. Malaysia, once the leading producer of bauxite has reduced production as mining activity has caused community outrage. Due to concerns about health concerns, rising pollution and environmental hazards, the government has revoked the licenses of bauxite miners. We therefore did a meta-analysis to assess the relationship between exposure to Bauxite and Alumina with incidence of various types of cancers. Bauxite mines and alumina refineries. Individuals of all ages exposed to Bauxite and Alumina.
Exposure to bauxite and alumina. Incidence due to overall cancers and specific types of cancers. Exposure to bauxite and alumina did not cause variations in incidence of overall cancer and specific types of cancer such as cancer of lip, cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx, cancer of digestive organs and others. We conclude that there is no evidence that bauxite or alumina exposure cause increase incidence of cancer but due to the small number of studies included in this review, we recommend more cohort studies to be done in future.
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Mudd, Gavin M. "Assessing the Availability of Global Metals and Minerals for the Sustainable Century: From Aluminium to Zirconium". Sustainability 13, n.º 19 (29 de setembro de 2021): 10855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131910855.
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Mining supplies metals and minerals to meet the material and energy needs of the modern world. Typically, mineral resources are widely considered to be ‘finite’ in nature, yet, paradoxically, global production and reported reserves and resources continue to grow. This paper synthesizes an extensive array of data on the long-term trends in cumulative mine production, reserves and resources at a global level as well detailed case studies of Australia, a global leader in many sectors of mining, and lithium, a new metal with rapidly growing demand. Overall, the paper shows that growing mine production has been clearly matched by growing reserves and resources, although there are numerous complex social, environmental and governance factors which are already affecting mines and are expected to increasingly affect mining into the future. Thus it is not possible at present to determine the ‘ultimately recoverable resource’, especially as this is a dynamic quantity dependent on a variety of inter-related factors (e.g., exploration, social issues, technology, market dynamics, environmental risks, governance aspects, etc.). This finding reinforces the need for continuing detailed studies of all metals and minerals to understand their individual supply and use dynamics to help modern society meet its needs and sustainable development goals.
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Proenza, Joaquín A., Lisard Torró e Carl E. Nelson. "Mineral deposits of Latin America and the Caribbean. Preface". Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana 72, n.º 3 (28 de novembro de 2020): A250820. http://dx.doi.org/10.18268/bsgm2020v72n3a250820.
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The region that encompasses Latin America and the Caribbean is a preferential destination for mining and mineral exploration, according to the Mineral Commodity Summaries 2020 of the US Geological Survey (https://www.usgs.gov/centers/nmic/). The region contains important resources of copper, gold, silver, nickel, cobalt, iron, niobium, aluminum, zinc, lead, tin, lithium, chromium, and other metals. For example, Chile is the world’s largest copper producer and the second largest lithium producer. Brazil is the world’s leading niobium producer, the second largest producer of iron ore, and the third-ranked producer of tantalum. Cuba contains some of the largest reserves of nickel and cobalt in the world, associated with lateritic Ni-Co deposits. Mexico is traditionally the largest silver producer and contains the two largest mines in this commodity and, along with Peru, Chile, Bolivia and Argentina, accounts for more than half of the total amount of global silver production. The region also hosts several world-class gold mines (e.g., Pueblo Viejo in the Dominican Republic, Paracotu in Brazil, Veladero in Argentina, and Yanacocha in Peru). Also, Bolivia and Brazil are among the world’s leading producers of tin. The region hosts a variety of deposit types, among which the most outstanding are porphyry copper and epithermal precious metal, bauxite and lateritic nickel, lateritic iron ore from banded iron-formation, iron-oxide-copper-gold (IOCG), sulfide skarn, volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS), Mississippi Valley type (MVT), primary and weathering-related Nb-bearing minerals associated with alkaline–carbonatite complexes, tin–antimony polymetallic veins, and ophiolitic chromite. This special issue on Mineral Deposits of Latin America and the Caribbean in the Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana contains nineteen papers. Contributions describe mineral deposits from Mexico, Panama, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Chile, and Argentina. This volume of papers covers four mineral systems (mafic-ultramafic orthomagmatic mineral systems, porphyry-skarn-epithermal mineral systems, iron oxide copper-gold mineral systems, and surficial mineral systems). This special issue also includes papers on industrial minerals, techniques for ore discovery (predictive modelling of mineral exploration using GIS), regional metallogeny and mining history.
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Proenza, Joaquín A., Lisard Torró e Carl E. Nelson. "Mineral deposits of Latin America and the Caribbean. Preface". Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana 72, n.º 3 (28 de novembro de 2020): P250820. http://dx.doi.org/10.18268/bsgm2020v72n3p250820.
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The region that encompasses Latin America and the Caribbean is a preferential destination for mining and mineral exploration, according to the Mineral Commodity Summaries 2020 of the US Geological Survey (https://www.usgs.gov/centers/nmic/). The region contains important resources of copper, gold, silver, nickel, cobalt, iron, niobium, aluminum, zinc, lead, tin, lithium, chromium, and other metals. For example, Chile is the world’s largest copper producer and the second largest lithium producer. Brazil is the world’s leading niobium producer, the second largest producer of iron ore, and the third-ranked producer of tantalum. Cuba contains some of the largest reserves of nickel and cobalt in the world, associated with lateritic Ni-Co deposits. Mexico is traditionally the largest silver producer and contains the two largest mines in this commodity and, along with Peru, Chile, Bolivia and Argentina, accounts for more than half of the total amount of global silver production. The region also hosts several world-class gold mines (e.g., Pueblo Viejo in the Dominican Republic, Paracotu in Brazil, Veladero in Argentina, and Yanacocha in Peru). Also, Bolivia and Brazil are among the world’s leading producers of tin. The region hosts a variety of deposit types, among which the most outstanding are porphyry copper and epithermal precious metal, bauxite and lateritic nickel, lateritic iron ore from banded iron-formation, iron-oxide-copper-gold (IOCG), sulfide skarn, volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS), Mississippi Valley type (MVT), primary and weathering-related Nb-bearing minerals associated with alkaline–carbonatite complexes, tin–antimony polymetallic veins, and ophiolitic chromite. This special issue on Mineral Deposits of Latin America and the Caribbean in the Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana contains nineteen papers. Contributions describe mineral deposits from Mexico, Panama, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Chile, and Argentina. This volume of papers covers four mineral systems (mafic-ultramafic orthomagmatic mineral systems, porphyry-skarn-epithermal mineral systems, iron oxide copper-gold mineral systems, and surficial mineral systems). This special issue also includes papers on industrial minerals, techniques for ore discovery (predictive modelling of mineral exploration using GIS), regional metallogeny and mining history.
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Channer, Dominic, Elsa Graffe e Pedro Vielma. "Geology, Mining, and Mineral Potential of Southern Venezuela". SEG Discovery, n.º 62 (1 de julho de 2005): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/segnews.2005-62.fea.
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ABSTRACT The highly prospective Precambrian Guyana shield south of the Orinoco River in Venezuela can be divided into five main provinces: Imataca, Pastora-Botanamo, Cuchivero, Amazonas, and Roraima. The combination of gold-rich granite-greenstone belts, felsic volcanic and granitic terrains, highly diamondiferous kimberlites, widespread gold and diamond placers, and large unexplored areas makes this region an exciting exploration province. Important mineralization events occurred at different times over a wide range of geologic time, from 3.2 Ga for banded iron formation in Imataca, 2.0 to 1.9 Ga for gold mineralization in Pastora-Botanamo, 0.71 Ga for diamondiferous kimberlite emplacement in Cuchivero, and the Tertiary for formation of enriched iron ores and bauxite ores in Imataca and Amazonas. Iron and aluminum mining is controlled by state mining corporations, with current annual ore production of 23 and 5.2 Mt, respectively. Gold mining is divided between state and private companies and artisanal operations. Total gold production is probably about 750,000 oz per year, including artisanal production. All diamond production is currently artisanal, with total estimated annual production of 500,000 ct. When current project go into production, Venezuela’s gold and diamond production will pass 1.3 Moz/yr and 1 Mct/yr, respectively. Artisanal mining is a key part of the gold and diamond-mining industry in Venezuela, and prospective exploration and mining companies must be aware of this; they should include projects with artisanal miners and local communities in their exploration and development planning.
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Torkaman, Pariya, Marcello Veiga, Leslie Lavkulich e Bern Klein. "Investigation of techniques to replace amalgamation in artisanal gold mining operations". International Journal of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Research 12, n.º 2 (11 de agosto de 2023): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/13.v12i2.3422.
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Artisanal gold mining is the leading source of anthropogenic mercury emissions worldwide. This article explores cost-effective gold leaching methods for skilled miners to address mercury's environmental and health impacts in this sector. A sample from Colombia's La Maria deposit, containing 48.87 ppm gold, ground to 80% below 0.13 mm, served as the basis for comparison. The standard whole ore amalgamation approach, commonly used by miners, resulted in less than 19% gold extraction. However, employing cyanidation with 1g/L of free cyanide extracted 84% of the gold within 24 hours. Among the unconventional processes investigated, using effluent from a local cassava processing plant as a lixiviant demonstrated promise. Two cassava varieties produced liquids with 267 and 600 mg/L of free cyanide, leading to 50.9% and 82.4% gold extraction from the ore in 24 hours, respectively. Another alternative method involved employing Dimethyl sulfoxide, a water-free reagent, as a gold-leaching lixiviant, resulting in a remarkable 96.5% gold extraction in just 2 hours. The researchers also modified the Merrill-Crowe cyanidation process by eliminating filtration and vacuum, instead utilizing bags filled with zinc (or aluminum) in the pulp. With reduced agitation to prevent aeration, over 99% of the gold precipitated on the zinc shavings within 2 hours. Furthermore, testing a hydrochloric solution (50%) with an oxidant demonstrated 83.9% and 100% gold extraction in 8 hours at ambient temperature and 50°C, respectively. It is crucial to note that successful implementation of these alternative strategies necessitates knowledge, investment, and customization to suit specific site conditions.
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Almeida, Sarah Moreira de, Antonio Teixeira de Matos, Gustavo Alves Puiatti e Raphael Tobias Vasconcelos de Barros. "APPLICATION OF THE CONSTRUCTION WASTE AS A REDUCING AGENT IN THE SOLUBILITY OF IRON TAILING METALS". REVISTA ENGENHARIA NA AGRICULTURA - REVENG 28 (23 de outubro de 2020): 265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.13083/reveng.v29i1.8733.
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Iron ore tailings has acid pH and high content of metals, such as iron, aluminum and manganese. Regarding the environment, these metals poses a risk of contaminating the soil and underground water. Yet, construction residues usually have high pH and because of this, they can be used to neutralize soil acidity and to reduce metal availability in mining tailing piles. The objective of this study was to evaluate the aplicabilith of CW to promote neutralization of the acidity in iron ore tailings aiming at decreasing the solubility and mobilith of metal found in them. Thus, a sample of construction waste was collected and characterized which was later incorporated at different doses into a sample of iron mining tailing collected in the Iron Quadrangle (Minas Gerais – Brazil). The construction waste raised the pH of the tailing sample from 5.58 to 8.22. Moreover, the incorporation of the waste incorporation decreased the manganese solubility in at least 80%. Despite the lack of national legislations and policies on the use of construction waste for this purpose, the results show that it is a promising technological alternative.
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Herman, Welly, Iskandar, Sri Wilarso Budi, Heru Bagus Pulunggono, Andri Syaputra e Kurniati. "Variation in soil characteristics of ex-coal mining areas in Sawahlunto, West Sumatra". BIO Web of Conferences 99 (2024): 05010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20249905010.
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Soil characteristics in ex-coal mining areas can be influenced by reclamation methods and the type and age of revegetation plants used. This reclamation can also significantly impact the soil chemistry of ex-mining areas. This research was conducted in ex-coal mining areas located in Parambahan, Batu Tanjung Village, Talawi District, Sawahlunto City, West Sumatra Province. The objective of this study is to analyze variations in the reclamation process and their effects on the chemical properties of soil in these areas. Observations were made in several plots, including land that had not been mined (natural forest), land revegetated with Acacia in the planting years of 1992, 2007, 2010 (without the use of topsoil), 2019, and 2021, and land revegetated with Sengon in 2022. In each plot, soil samples were collected at three depths: 0–5 cm, 5–10 cm, and 10–20 cm, to analyze soil chemical properties. These properties included pH, total nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P), organic carbon (C), exchangeable base cations (K, Ca, Mg, and Na), cation exchange capacity, and exchangeable aluminum (Al). The results showed that variations in the years of revegetation and reclamation practices, such as the use of topsoil and plant types, significantly influenced soil chemical characteristics. The longer the period of revegetation, the better the improvement in the soil’s chemical properties, as indicated by changes in pH, total N, organic C, exchangeable K, Na, Ca, and Mg, cation exchange capacity, and a reduction in exchangeable Al. However, the availability of P, as indicated by available P, decreased after more than 30 years of revegetation.
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Shubham Gandhi, Drumil Newaskar, Rohan Apte e Preet Aligave. "India’s Strategy to Procure Lithium to be a Leading Lithium-Ion Battery Manufacturer". International Journal of Engineering and Management Research 11, n.º 5 (29 de outubro de 2021): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.11.5.17.
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Lithium is one of the foremost valuable metal which is widely used for manufacturing batteries and also has other uses in solar panels, ceramics, glasses and pharmaceuticals. Lithium is third most abundant element after hydrogen and helium but the most lithium deposits are only in Bolivia (21 million tons), Argentina (17 million tons), Chile (9 million tons), Australia (6.8 million tons), China (4.5 million tons). Bolivia, Argentina, Chile forms so called lithium triangle. Due to depleting reserves of fossil fuels and its harmful impact on the environment has forced the globe to shift to Lithium-ion batteries which is much eco-friendlier alternative. India’s push for electric vehicles (EV) may cause a considerable change in its energy security priorities, with securing lithium supplies, a key material for creating batteries, becoming as important as buying oil and gas fields overseas. India doesn't have enough lithium reserves for manufacturing lithium-ion batteries. The majority electric vehicles within the country run on imported batteries, mostly from China. At present a lithium-ion battery accounts for 40% of the overall cost of an electrical vehicle.
Khanij Bidesh Pvt Ltd is a venture firm of three central public sector enterprises namely National Aluminum Company (Nalco), Hindustan Copper Ltd (HCL), Mineral Exploration Company Ltd (MECL). The KABIL would do identification, acquisition, exploration, development, mining and processing of strategic minerals overseas for commercial use and meeting country’s requirement of those minerals. The mission is to not allow India to fall in a very vulnerable position with a probable threat of supply squeeze as went on within the case of petroleum, with India being the world’s third largest oil importer and to amass cobalt and lithium mines in addition on get into purchase agreements of those minerals. This may help in achieving resource security with regard to strategic minerals.
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Monsels, D. A. "Bauxite deposits in Suriname: Geological context and resource development". Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw 95, n.º 4 (17 de março de 2016): 405–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/njg.2015.28.
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AbstractBauxite, the raw material of aluminum, has been one of the economically vital natural resources for Suriname. Mining operations started about a century ago, and subsequent development of a refinery industry and hydro-electric power made Suriname one of the foremost bauxite and alumina producers worldwide for a long period of time. This paper presents a concise survey of the main geological attributes of its bauxite deposits and examines significant aspects in the development of mining in the country where alumina dominated the export revenues until a decade ago. The lateritic bauxite deposits are spread across the northern part of the country and developed on various parent rocks during Late Cretaceous–Early Tertiary times. Bauxites in the coastal lowlands formed on Cenozoic sedimentary deposits, whereas plateau bauxites originated on various crystalline rocks in inland regions of the Precambrian Guiana Shield. The composition of parent rocks and timing of bauxitisation point to a genetic correspondence with West African bauxites and a strong control of paleoclimatic conditions on the distribution and properties of bauxite in both regions. The more accessible bauxite deposits in the coastal lowlands are almost mined out, whereas the plateau bauxites have been extensively explored but have not been brought into production to date. For economic and environmental reasons, the future of the bauxite industry in Suriname is currently uncertain.
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Karpova, Elena A., Venera G. Gazimova, Vladimir B. Gurvich, Tatyana Yu Obukhova, Olga I. Gogoleva, Eduard G. Plotko, Marina I. Il´ina e Vadim O. Ruzakov. "The impact of the weakly-fibrogenic bauxite dust on lungs in mine workers". Hygiene and sanitation 99, n.º 12 (25 de janeiro de 2021): 1376–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2020-99-12-1376-1379.
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Introduction. New cases of pneumoconiosis are detected annually at the bauxite mining enterprises of the Sverdlovsk Region. Differential diagnosis of bauxite pneumoconiosis with other interstitial lung diseases using only lung radiography can be difficult. The aim of the work was to clarify the nature of changes in the lungs of workers exposed to weakly fibrogenic dust of bauxite, and the relationship of changes in the lungs with working conditions in cases of difficulty in making the final diagnosis of pneumoconiosis. Material and methods. Underground miners of a working face and underground drifters with a work experience of at least ten years in conditions of exposure to bauxite dust were examined. All patients underwent a plain chest x-ray and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), bodyplethysmography, bronchoscopic examination with trans-bronchial biopsy, and subsequent histological examination of the biopsy. To determine the elemental composition of micro- and nanoparticles in biological tissue samples, scanning electron microscopy with X-ray spectral microanalysis was used. Results. During the histopathological examination of lung tissue biopsy materials by a bright-field method and polarized filter and using electron microscopy, the composition of dust in the lung tissue complied with the composition of industrial aerosol. It is formed during bauxite mining (aluminum, iron, and quartz compounds). High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and bronchoscopy can detect signs of exposure to industrial aerosol of complex composition represented by early interstitial parenchymal fibrosis and changes in bronchial mucosa. This is typical for individuals at risk of occupational respiratory diseases development without radiological features specific to pneumoconiosis. Before X-ray pattern formation, typical for pneumoconiosis, bronchitis syndrome and atrophic changes in the bronchial mucosa are developed. This happens in workers exposed to weakly-fibrogenic dust of a complex composition formed during the mining of bauxite. The changes are permanently observed long after the exposure to the dust factor has ceased.
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Gunesegeran, Kishan, Mohd Sofiyan, Nurharniza Abdul Rahman e Taurai Leonard Muodzi. "Repas lama dam water quality and heavy metal contamination using Qual2k". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1205, n.º 1 (1 de junho de 2023): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1205/1/012006.
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Abstract Repas Lama Dam in Bentong Pahang has been experiencing pollution by Non-Point Sources (NPS) that can be found upstream of the Sungai Repas, the pollution being so evident that discoloration of the water is observable at the location. The area is littered with mines active and inactive, with many of the inactive mines being improperly shut down. When there are mining activities, some major waste or tailings are produced as the by-products of the process which drastically increases the amount of pollution that a water body that runs through these areas will contain. The Water Quality Parameters at a location, whether biological, chemical, or physical, can give a lot of insight into the level of pollution found in a water body. Through collecting these parameters and running them through a water quality model, it can give a lot of information on the present state of a river and help in attaining predictions of the health of a river. QUAL2K is the water quality model that was used to analyse the water at Old Repas Dam and further make predictions on the state of the river after 10 years. After the modelling process, the water quality parameters and the heavy metals present were analyzed using the Malaysian National Water Quality Standard (NWQS), which also assisted in classifying the water at Old Repas Dam based off individual parameters and its overall Water Quality Index score. The major water quality parameters that were used for this study are Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Ammonia Nitrogen, pH and Total Suspended Solids (TSS). In terms of heavy metal analysis, the heavy metals that were looked at are Arsenic (As), Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Tin (Sn) and Aluminium (Al). The data for these parameters being collected from studies that were conducted on the site in 2021 and information given by the Department of Statistics Malaysia.
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Zhao, Dong, Huping Hou, Haiya Liu, Chen Wang, Zhongyi Ding e Jinting Xiong. "Microbial Community Structure and Predictive Functional Analysis in Reclaimed Soil with Different Vegetation Types: The Example of the Xiaoyi Mine Waste Dump in Shanxi". Land 12, n.º 2 (10 de fevereiro de 2023): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12020456.
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We explored the characteristics of soil bacterial communities and their ecological functions under different types of vegetation reclamation in open-pit mines on the Loess Plateau, which is the guiding significance for the selection of vegetation and the improvement of restoration effect in mining areas. The research object was to reclaim the soil of the aluminum mine waste dump in Xiaoyi County, Shanxi. The soil characteristics were measured under different types of vegetation reclamation. The soil bacterial community under different vegetation reclamation was measured using the 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing technology. The ecological function was predicted using the PICRUSt method. The correlation between soil physical and chemical properties and bacterial community structure and function was analyzed. From the results, (1) the bacterial compositions of the reclaimed soil samples were 33 phyla, 90 classes, 121 orders, 207 families, 298 genera, and 140 species. The abundance and diversity of the soil microbial community showed the rule of yellow rose > lespedeza and sweet wormwood herb > alfalfa. (2) Proteobacteria were the dominant bacteria in alfalfa and sweet wormwood herb samples, accounting for 36.09%–43.36%. Proteobacteria and actinobacteria were the dominant bacteria in the yellow rose and lespedeza samples accounted for 53.34%–53.39%. α-Proteobacteria, actinobacteria, and β-proteobacteria were the dominant bacteria of the four vegetation types. The relative abundance of the α-proteobacteria and β-proteobacteria was positively correlated with soil organic carbon (SOC) and negatively correlated with soil total kalium (TK). Actinobacteria were positively correlated with available kalium (AK) and negatively correlated with SOC and total nitrogen (TN). (3) There was no difference in the primary functions of the soil bacterial community after the reclamation of different plants, and the main functions were metabolism, genetic information processing, and environmental information processing, with the function abundance accounting for 81.52%. (4) The abundance of functional genes in the metabolism of other amino acids, folding, sorting, and degradation and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism were relatively rich in the rhizosphere soil of yellow rose. The abundance of functional genes in signal molecules and interaction, transport, and catabolism in the rhizosphere soil of lespedeza was the highest. The abundance of functional genes in carbohydrate metabolism, translation, and energy metabolism in the rhizosphere soil of alfalfa was the highest. Therefore, there were significant differences in the structure and function of rhizosphere soil microbial communities among yellow rose, lespedeza, sweet wormwood herb, and alfalfa, and they were also affected by the soil properties. Hence, we concluded that the differences and diversity of soil microbial structure and function can help select plants for the sustainable development of soil remediation in mining areas.
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Bauman, J. M., J. Adamson, R. Brisbin, E. T. Cline e C. H. Keiffer. "Soil Metals and Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Associated with American Chestnut Hybrids as Reclamation Trees on Formerly Coal Mined Land". International Journal of Agronomy 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9731212.
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Hybrid chestnut(Castanea dentata×C. mollissima)has the potential to provide a valuable agroforestry crop on formerly coal mined landscapes. However, the soil interactions of mycorrhizal fungi and buried metals associated with mining are not known. This study examined soil, plant tissue, and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) root colonization on eight-year-old hybrid (BC1F3and BC2F3) and American chestnuts on a reclaimed coal mine in Ohio, USA. Chestnut trees were measured and ECM colonization on roots was quantified. Leaves, flowers, and soil were analyzed for heavy metals. Differences were not detected among tree types regarding metal accumulation in plant tissue or ECM colonization. BC2F3hybrids had greater survival and less cankers than American chestnuts (P= 0.006 and <0.0001). Taller trees were associated with greater ECM root colonization and correlated with an increase in Al uptake (P= 0.02 and 0.01). When comparing tissue, manganese and aluminum were in higher concentrations in leaves than flowers, where copper and selenium were significantly higher in floral tissue (P< 0.05). All trees were flowering at this time meriting further examination in nut tissue. Block effects for selenium and zinc indicate the variability in reclaimed soils requiring further monitoring for possible elemental transfer to nut and wood tissue.
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Radusinović, Slobodan, Robert Šajn, Božica Jovanović, Duška Rokavec, Katarina Hribernik, Vasilije Abramović, Matej Draksler, Ivan Danilović e Mia Jovanović. "The primary and secondary mineral resources of Montenegro and their mapping into the European data model". Geologia Croatica 75, Special Issue (17 de outubro de 2022): 335–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4154/gc.2022.20.
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Primary and secondary mineral resources are of strategic importance to the EU economy. Montenegro, as a country candidate for membership in the EU, is required to follow (and later to implement) European policies, strategies as well as initiatives, including those related to mineral resources and the mining sector. The importance of providing access to mineral raw materials in the future is recognized by the EU, as well as meeting the needs of European industry, maintaining employment and ensuring further development. Considering the overall economic situation in Montenegro, it is important to encourge the mining sector and other industries based on the use of mineral resources in making a greater contribution to the development and sustainability of society as a whole and also increase the share of national GDP. The potential for discovery and utilization of primary and secondary mineral resources in Montenegro is demonstrated. The most important metallic mineral resources are bauxite, lead and zinc, while conventional energy resources include coal (oil and gas potential has yet to be proven). In addition, there are abundant non-metallic mineral raw materials - industrial minerals and construction materials. Secondary mineral resources, especially aluminous red mud (bauxite residue), are also significant and have been the subject of research in recent years. Tailings from flotation processes at operating and abandoned lead and zinc mines might also be of interest for metal recovery. Bottom and flay ash from thermal power plants, slag from steel production, as well as marlstone and limestone from the hanging wall of coal deposits may also have potential. Waste rocks could be used particularly for secondary aggregate production. A database was developed and the most important deposits of primary and secondary mineral resources in Montenegro were mapped during the RESEERVE project. Mineral data were harmonised so as to be INSPIRE compliant. In addition, some novel geochemical exploration results of secondary mineral resources are presented.
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Whitson, Joseph. "Monumental Mines". Public Historian 41, n.º 3 (1 de agosto de 2019): 49–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2019.41.3.49.
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Through an analysis of three interpreted mines in northeastern Minnesota, this article illuminates how the region’s public history is complicit in the ongoing process of settler colonialism. Largely controlled by iron mining interests, the region’s public history and tourism industry is deeply invested in the future of mineral extraction, representing mining and white-ethnic mining culture as natural and indigenous to the landscape. This narrative erases Ojibwe presence in the region, ignoring both the role mining played in past environmental injustices as well as how it continues to threaten Ojibwe political and resource sovereignty.
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Ferreira, Adriano Mota, Henrique Takuji Fukuma, Rafael Brito de Moura, Alexandre Silveira, Rafael Oliveira Tiezzi e Raul Alberto Sodré Villegas. "Naturally-Occurring Radioactive Materials at water treatment plant on the Poços de Caldas Plateau Region, Brazil". Engenharia Sanitaria e Ambiental 27, n.º 1 (fevereiro de 2022): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-415220200044.
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ABSTRACT Oil and gas, mining, among others, are examples of facilities where naturally occurring radioactive materials can be found. This study aims to evaluate the presence of natural radioactive series, especially those of 238U and 232Th, in the water treatment plants of Poços de Caldas City, Minas Gerais. The presence of these series was investigated in samples of raw water, treated water, sludge from decanters, and scale from Parshall gutters. The sludge, input, and scale samples were submitted to the gamma spectrometry technique to determine the 226Ra, 228Ra, and 210Pb radionuclides. For U and Th, ultraviolet visible spectrophotometry was performed, and for the alpha and beta total values, radiochemical separation and subsequent alpha and beta total counts were performed. The results indicate that water samples are within the Ministry of Health Ordinance n° 5 (2017). Due to the different concentrations of radionuclide activity in the sludge, it was not possible to affirm the same order of magnitude with the sediment from the catchments. However, the values are in accordance with those established by the European Union Council for Naturally-Occurring Radioactive Materials. In the scale, the contents of 1192, 1704, and 301 Bq kg−1 were identified for 226Ra, 228Ra, and 210Pb, respectively. In the inputs of aluminum sulfate and calcium hydroxide, no relevant activities were identified. The results obtained in the study can serve as an indicative regarding the need for a more detailed evaluation of the radiological issue in question concerning public water supplies.
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Davis, Richmond P. "SUBMARINE MINES AND MINING". Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 20, n.º 3 (18 de março de 2009): 674–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1908.tb02136.x.
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Chen, Haoyi, Zhiheng Cheng e Dezhong Kong. "Evaluation of mining capacity of mines using the combination weighting approach: A case study in Shenmu Mining Area in Shaanxi Province, China". Science Progress 104, n.º 4 (outubro de 2021): 003685042110440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00368504211044032.
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Aiming at the low mining rate in mines, Xingelao, Dabianyao, and Dongliang Coal Mines in Shenmu Mining Area, Shaanxi Province, China were taken as research objects. Based on this, this study constructed an evaluation index system for the mining capacity of the mines from the perspectives of geological factors, mechanical equipment, humans, and mining design. Moreover, the factors influencing the mining capacity of the mines were evaluated using a combination weighting approach based on an improved analytic hierarchy process and an entropy weight method. A standard cloud was generated based on the mapping standards of each index and a comprehensive cloud was obtained according to comprehensive weight and a backward cloud algorithm. Finally, by combining the comprehensive cloud with local and overall scores of the mines, the mining capacities of the mines were evaluated. The research results demonstrate that the key factor restricting the mining capacity of the mines is the geological environment and five major third-grade indexes affecting mining capacity are igneous rock intrusion, collapse column, scouring zone of the ancient river bed, mechanization level and coal pillar width. In addition, the corresponding suggestions and measures were put forward according to the main factors influencing the mining rate of the mines. In accordance with the weights and scores of each index, the overall scores of the mines were calculated. Dongliang, Dabianyao, and Xingelao Coal Mines were ranked in order based on scores. The research results provide a theoretical basis for improving the mining capacity of the mines under similar geological conditions.
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Li, Shuai, Peiyuan Zou, Haoxuan Yu, Boyi Hu e Xinmin Wang. "Advantages of Backfill Mining Method for Small and Medium-Sized Mines in China: Safe, Eco-Friendly, and Efficient Mining". Applied Sciences 13, n.º 12 (19 de junho de 2023): 7280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13127280.
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Despite China’s position as a global mining powerhouse, tens of thousands of small- and medium-sized mines (SM mines) within the country continue to pose potential safety hazards and environmental pollution risks. Only through the identification of suitable development paths can these mines improve their economic and environmental benefits, ultimately driving significant progress in China’s mining industry. Backfill mining, an environmentally friendly mining method, has emerged as a viable solution, offering the potential to ensure mining safety, reduce environmental pollution stemming from tailings stockpiles, and enhance ore resource recovery. This review article aims to provide researchers and readers with a comprehensive understanding of the current situation and challenges faced by SM mines in China. It explores the mining processes, technologies, and equipment commonly employed by these mines while addressing the specific problems and challenges they encounter. Furthermore, the article offers recommendations to guide the future development of SM mines. Additionally, the review examines the prospects and potential applications of backfill mining methods within the context of SM mines in China, emphasizing their role in promoting sustainable mining practices, environmental protection, and waste utilization. Ultimately, this comprehensive review article serves as a valuable resource, stimulating discourse and encouraging experts and scholars to further explore the unique challenges and opportunities associated with SM mines. By highlighting the significance of green mining practices, environmental protection, backfill mining, and waste utilization, the article aims to inspire innovative solutions and foster sustainable practices within the Chinese mining industry.
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Robbins, Bruce. "The Sweatshop Sublime". Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 117, n.º 1 (janeiro de 2002): 84–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/003081202x63537.
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There is a passage in David Lodge's 1988 Novel nice work in which the heroine, a marxist-feminist critic who teaches English literature, looks out the window of an airplane and sees the division of labor.Factories, shops, offices, schools, beginning the working day. People crammed into rush-hour buses and trains, or sitting at the wheels of their cars in traffic jams, or washing up breakfast things in the kitchens of pebble-dashed semis. All inhabiting their own little worlds, oblivious of how they fitted into the total picture. The housewife, switching on her electric kettle to make another cup of tea, gave no thought to the immense complex of operations that made that simple action possible: the building and maintenance of the power station that produced the electricity, the mining of coal or pumping of oil to fuel the generators, the laying of miles of cable to carry the current to her house, the digging and smelting and milling of ore or bauxite into sheets of steel or aluminum, the cutting and pressing and welding of the metal into the kettle's shell, spout and handle, the assembling of these parts with scores of other components—coils, screws, nuts, bolts, washers, rivets, wires, springs, rubber insulation, plastic trimmings; then the packaging of the kettle, the advertising of the kettle, the marketing of the kettle, to wholesale and retail outlets, the transportation of the kettle to warehouses and shops, the calculation of its price, and the distribution of its added value between all the myriad people and agencies concerned in its production and circulation. The housewife gave no thought to all this as she switched on her kettle.
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Pretes, Michael. "Touring mines and mining tourists". Annals of Tourism Research 29, n.º 2 (abril de 2002): 439–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-7383(01)00041-x.
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Du, Kun, Junjie Xie, Wenqin Xi, Liang Wang e Jian Zhou. "Construction Practices of Green Mines in China". Sustainability 16, n.º 1 (4 de janeiro de 2024): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16010461.
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To maintain high-level economic development, protect the ecological environment, and achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, the construction of green mines has become a critical issue in China. In this study, the importance of mineral resources to human society is discussed, and the construction experiences and sustainable development directions of green mines are summarized, which can provide valuable references for the global mining industry. The entry and management process in China was introduced to help understand green mines’ construction objectives and tasks. Moreover, based on the successful construction cases of green mines, four typical green mine models are concluded: the green technology mining model, operation modernization mining model, stability mining model, and ecological restoration mining model. In addition, the key construction elements of green mines are concluded, for example, the mining environment, mining methods, comprehensive utilization of resources, energy conservation, emission reduction, scientific and technological innovation and intelligence, and enterprise-land stability, which provided the directions and guidance for green mine construction.
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Edmonds, Clive N. "Chapter 12 Subsidence – chalk mining". Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 29, n.º 1 (2020): 311–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/egsp29.12.
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AbstractOld chalk and flint mine workings occur widely across southern and eastern England. Over 3500 mines are recorded in the national Stantec Mining Cavities Database and more are being discovered each year. The oldest flint mines date from the Neolithic period and oldest chalk mines from at least medieval times, possibly Roman times. The most intensive period for mining was during the 1800s, although some mining activities continued into the 1900s. The size, shape and extent of the mines vary considerably with some types only being found in particular areas. They range from crudely excavated bellpits to more extensive pillar-and-stall styles of mining. The mines were created for a series of industrial, building and agricultural purposes. Mining locations were not formally recorded so most are discovered following the collapse of the ground over poorly backfilled shafts and adits. The subsidence activity, often triggered by heavy rainfall or leaking water services, poses a hazard to the built environment and people. Purpose-designed ground investigations are needed to map out the mine workings and carry out follow-on ground stabilization after subsidence events. Where mine workings can be safely entered they can sometimes be stabilized by reinforcement rather than infilling.
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Soares de Almeida, Gabriel, Eduardo Duarte Marques, Francisco José da Silva, Claiton Piva Pinto e Emmanoel Vieira Silva-Filho. "APPLICATION OF pXRF (FIELD PORTABLE X-RAY FLUORESCENCE) TECHNIQUE IN FLUVIAL SEDIMENTS GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS – BULE STREAM, MINAS GERAIS STATE, BRAZIL". Journal of Sedimentary Environments 4, n.º 2 (11 de junho de 2019): 143–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/jse.2019.43279.
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A new methodology based on a portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) was applied in this work to analyze the geochemical dispersion halo of a sulfide mineralization along the Bule Stream sediments (Ouro Branco, Minas Gerais State, Brazil). The study area, located in the Iron Quadrangle (QF), has an important sulfide occurrence of antimony and zinc, which was explored between 1920s and 1930s. Stream sediment samples were collected along the Bule Stream and from some of its tributaries. Aluminum, Fe, Ca, Mg, Mn and Ti contents were obtained by the pXRF “mining mode” and quantified in percentage (%), while the results for Cu, Zn, Pb, As, Cr, Ag, Sb and Sr were carried out by the pXRF “soil mode”, quantified in parts per million (ppm). The statistical treatment of data by Spearman correlation based on geochemical data and some sediment features were discussed, such as the geochemical affinities between the analyzed elements and supergene processes which control the elemental dispersion. Aluminum, Ca and Mg contents were compared with that of the Upper Continental Crust (UCC), since the composition of the Bule Stream sediments should be related to the composition of the source rocks. The results indicate that the Al contents reflect the surrounding soil maturity. The concentrations of Ca and Mg increase in weathered resistant mineral phases, mainly dolomite. The Fe enrichment is associated with geological units containing this element, such as dolomite/ferruginous itabirites (BIF). The high Mn content is related to the QF unity with larger dolomite occurrence (Gandarela Formation). Secondary environmental characteristics can justify the enrichment of Zn and Cu in the study area. All types of rocks have significant concentration of Cr. The comparison of the elemental concentrations of Bule Stream sediments with the average concentration of the elements in the Earth's upper crust (UCC) reveals intense weathering rate of the parent rocks characterized by high maturity of the geological material, enrichment of Fe and Mn and most of the analyzed trace metals. The results of an enrichment factor with three different normalizers (Al representing clay minerals; Fe + Mn representing oxides/hydroxides and; Ca + Mg representing carbonates) indicate that the carbonate phase is the main conveyor of trace elements. APLICAÇÃO DA TÉCNICA DE pXRF NA ANÁLISE GEOQUÍMICA DE SEDIMENTOS FLUVIAIS – RIBEIRA BULE, ESTADO DE MINAS GERAIS, BRASIL ResumoUma nova metodologia baseada na fluorescência de raios X portátil (pXRF) foi aplicada neste trabalho para analisar o halo de dispersão geoquímica de uma mineralização de sulfeto ao longo dos sedimentos Córrego do Bule (Ouro Branco, Minas Gerais, Brasil). A área de estudo, localizada no Quadrilátero Ferrífero (QF), tem uma importante ocorrência de sulfeto de antimônio e zinco, que foi explorada entre as décadas de 1920 e 1930. Amostras de sedimentos fluviais foram coletadas ao longo do Córrego do Bule e em de alguns dos seus afluentes. Os teores de Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, Mn e Ti foram obtidos por pXRF em “mining mode” e quantificados em porcentagem (%), enquanto os resultados de Cu, Zn, Pb, As, Cr, Ag, Sb e Sr foram obtidos pelo pXRF em “soil mode” e foram quantificados em partes por milhão (ppm). Este trabalho analisa o tratamento estatístico dos dados por correlação de Spearman com base em dados geoquímicos e algumas características do sedimento, assim como as afinidades geoquímicas entre os elementos analisados e os processos supergênicos que controlam a dispersão dos elementos químicos. Os teores de Al, Ca e Mg foram comparados com os da Crosta Continental Superior (UCC), uma vez que a composição dos sedimentos do Córrego do Bule devem estar relacionados à composição das rochas geradoras. Os resultados indicam que o teor de Al reflete a maturidade do solo ao redor. As concentrações de Ca e Mg aumentam nas fases minerais resistentes às intempéries, principalmente dolomita. O enriquecimento de Fe está associado a unidades geológicas que contêm esse elemento, como o itabirito dolomítico e/ou dolomito ferruginoso (BIF). O alto teor de Mn está relacionado à unidade de QF com maior ocorrência de dolomita (Formação Gandarela). Características ambientais secundárias podem justificar o enriquecimento de Zn e Cu na área de estudo. Todos os tipos de rochas possuem concentração significativa de Cr. A comparação das concentrações elementares dos sedimentos da corrente de Bule com as concentrações médias dos elementos da Terra (UCC) revela intensa taxa de intemperismo das rochas-mãe caracterizadas pela alta maturidade do material geológico, enriquecimento de Fe e Mn e a maioria dos metais traço analisados. Os resultados de um fator de enriquecimento com três diferentes normalizadores (Al representando minerais argilosos; Fe + Mn representando óxidos / hidróxidos e; Ca + Mg representando carbonatos) indicam que a fase carbonatada é o principal transportador de elementos químicos.Palavras-chave: Geoquímica. Quadrilátero de Ferro. Sedimentos. Fluorescência Portátil de Raios X. Metais. Fatores de Enriquecimento.
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Papastefanaki, Leda. "Family, Gender, and Labour in the Greek Mines, 1860–1940". International Review of Social History 65, n.º 2 (8 de novembro de 2019): 267–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859019000580.
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AbstractTo date, research on work in the mines in Greece has ignored the significance of gender in the workplace, since mining is associated exclusively with male labour. As such, it is considered, indirectly, not subject to gender relations. The article examines the influence of family and gender relations on labour in the Greek mines in the period 1860–1940 by highlighting migration trajectories, paternalistic practices, and the division of labour in mining communities.Sources include: official publications of the Mines Inspectorate and the Mines and Industrial Censuses, the Greek Miners’ Fund Archive, British and French consular reports, various economic and technical reports by experts, literature and narratives, the local press from mining regions, and the Archive of the Seriphos Mines.
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Otto, James. "Mining directory 1996/1997 US mines and mining companies". Resources Policy 23, n.º 4 (dezembro de 1997): 202–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-4207(97)90038-6.
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Tyuleneva, Tatyana. "Improvement of production control of coal mining enterprises with underground mining method". E3S Web of Conferences 303 (2021): 01017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130301017.
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Production safety is one of the problems of competitiveness of underground mining enterprises, one manifestation of which is the reduction and minimization of the number of accidents and incidents of personal injury or even death. To solve this problem, it is necessary to improve the system of production control of coal mines in order to eliminate these factors. Relative indicators of accidents and injuries at underground coal mines of Russia in comparison with the average indicators are considered, and also importance of the human factor in the occurrence of dangerous production situations and the evaluation of their causes and effects are revealed. In addition, the article considers the most common violations of safety requirements for underground coal mining, analyzes the experience of foreign countries in improving the production control system, assesses the possibility of its application for improving production control at Russian coal mines, and determines main areas for implementing a risk-based approach at coal mining enterprises.
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Horyń, Ewa. "Tendencje w dawnym nazewnictwie kopalń. Rekonesans". Textus et Studia, n.º 4(36) (23 de janeiro de 2024): 147–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15633/tes.09409.
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This article is an introduction to research in the field of historical nomenclature related to the mining environment. Names of mines will be analysed from a cultural perspective. Historical works on mining and mining culture, monographs of individual mines, tourist materials, guides, as well as information available online, have been helpful in establishing or supplementing information about the collected names. In the article, the most important naming trends visible in the examined onimic resources will be presented on the basis of selected examples. The collected names of mines are a testimony to mining activities and also, constitute an important part of the cultural and civilisational heritage of Polish mining tradition.
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Ma, Chuanbin. "Exploration of the Application of Green Mining Technology in Coal Mines under the New Situation". Applied Science and Innovative Research 8, n.º 1 (2 de março de 2024): p159. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/asir.v8n1p159.
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This paper discusses the application of green mining technology in coal mines under the new situation, considering the environmental pressures and requirements for sustainable development faced by coal mining. Firstly, it introduces the definition and principles of green mining, along with its development history, and analyzes the importance of relevant policies and regulations. Subsequently, it analyzes the demands faced by coal mining under the new situation, including the relationship between environmental issues and sustainable development, the impact of new energy development on coal mines, and social demands and public opinion pressure. Furthermore, through application cases, it showcases the specific practices of green mining technology in coal mines, involving environmental protection technology, energy efficiency improvement technology, and green mining technology. When discussing the challenges and issues of technology application, it focuses on technical difficulties, economic feasibility, and human resources and training needs. Finally, it looks ahead to the prospects of green mining technology in coal mines, emphasizing the importance of sustainable development and proposing suggestions regarding technological innovation, policy support, and corporate responsibilities.
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Kalinda, Roy, e Kusanthan Thankian. "Women and Mining in Zambia: Opportunities and Challenges". Journal of Scientific Research and Reports 29, n.º 4 (19 de abril de 2023): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2023/v29i41742.
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The rise of urbanisation in colonial Zambia particularly on the Copperbelt province is associated with the discovery of minerals in the early 1900s. The widespread discovery of minerals and exploitation of the same minerals required labour both skilled and unskilled labour. Skilled labour was drawn from overseas while unskilled labour was available from the local population. During the colonial period, the predominant labour force on the mines were men while women were by law were not allowed to enter towns during the early years of urbanization or to take residence in urban areas anywhere in the country. Early researchers commented that early African migration to mine towns essentialised as men’s wage work, depended on agricultural and reproductive labour performed by women, who officially remained in rural areas. Local labour migrations were highly restricted and employment of women in urban areas was scarce or none existent in the initial stages of urbanisation.
Skilled and none skilled labour for women employees on the mines initially did not exist in the colonial period because they (women) were not viewed as important labourers needed for production in the mines. This restriction of women in urban areas created a legacy of gender inequalities in almost all the sectors of labour employment and more so in the mining sector during the colonial period. Consequently, one can argue that since the colonial period to date, women have been a minority group in the mines occupying low positions in their majority compared to men and very few women hold executive positions in the mining sector.
Employment during the colonial period was not easily found due to clear discrimination. The end result of this type of discrimination in employment resulted in few or no women at all in some instances in the mines. With passage of time, women were allowed into towns and on the mines but formal jobs for women were difficult to find. The current state of gender inequalities in the mines in Zambia today is a carryover from the colonial period. Currently, training institutions for mine workers such as universities, colleges and technical institute are still dominated by male students.
The above situation eventually results into a gendered labour force in the mines with men occupying highly skilled jobs while women dominate the low skilled and non-skilled jobs in mining conglomerates. The current gender inequalities on the mines are historically embedded in the mines as patriarchal institutions owned and ran by the same men. Consequently, very few women are in the executive positions in mines and even very few do own mines.
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Le, Thao Qui, Nam Xuan Bui, Hieu Dinh Vu e Hoa Thu Thi Le. "Research on selective sequence of appropriate mining technology for placer titanium mines in Binh Thuan province". Journal of Mining and Earth Sciences 61, n.º 5 (10 de outubro de 2020): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.46326/jmes.ktlt2020.03.
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Binh Thuan province has significant reserves of placer titanium, occupies approximately 92% total reserves of Vietnam. Geological condition of the deposit is quite uncomfortable for mining activities. At present, selection of appropriate mining technology for placer titanium mines in Binh Thuan province is a scientific and practical problem. In this paper, authors researched and developed a selective sequence of appropriate mining technology for placer titanium mines in Binh Thuan province, consists of (1) feasible mining technological schemes, (2) appropriate mining order, (3) possibility of providing water for mine, (4) ensuring slope stability, (5) comfortable alternatives for land rehabilitation and restoration, and (6) high economic effect. With this selective sequence, the appropriate mining technology for placer titanium mines in Binh Thuan province can be selected, and contributes to enhance mining effect, ensures safety and protect environment.
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Kasztelewicz, Zbigniew. "Approaches to Post-Mining Land Reclamation in Polish Open-Cast Lignite Mining". Civil And Environmental Engineering Reports 12, n.º 1 (26 de junho de 2014): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2014-0006.
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Abstract The paper presents the situation regarding the reclamation of post-mining land in the case of particular lignite mines in Poland until 2012 against the background of the whole opencast mining. It discusses the process of land purchase for mining operations and its sales after reclamation. It presents the achievements of mines in the reclamation and regeneration of post-mining land as a result of which-after development processes carried out according to European standards-it now serves the inhabitants as a recreational area that increases the attractiveness of the regions.
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Liu, X., L. Li e Y. Yang. "Development status of coal mining in China". Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 123, n.º 1 (23 de fevereiro de 2023): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/1506/2023.
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Coal mining in China is facing the transition from output to quality. Based on the total mining capacity and average production, the current situation of coal mining at mine, city, and province levels is analysed, and data in support for the layout of sustainable mining development and the optimization of output provided. The results show that 87% of China's coal is mined by underground methods, with an average production capacity of 0.93 Mt/a per mine. Open pit mining accounts for 13%, with an average mine production capacity of 5.73 Mt/a. The average mining capacity of coal mines in China is 1.05 Mt/a, with 1181 coal mines with an average capacity less than 0.3 Mt/a, accounting for 35% of the total coal mines but contributing only 4.51% to output. They are distributed in about 48 cities in six provinces, seriously restricting the transition to green coal mining. The coal industry should speed up the closure of small coal mines in key provinces and cities, eliminate outdated production capacity in the central region, increase the speed and proportion of coal resources moving westward, and promote high-quality development of coal mining.
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Ren, Gao Feng, Zhao Ming Qian e Zhong Chun Hu. "Research on Secondary Resource Utilization and Mining Damage Control in Gob-Effect Gypsum Mines". Applied Mechanics and Materials 253-255 (dezembro de 2012): 1093–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.1093.
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Room-and-pillar mining method plays a dominant role in gypsum mines, which owns a low resource recovery ratio and has left many gobs leading a series of safety production problems to mining enterprises. To get an utmost resource recovery and avoid gob collapse, a secondary utilization scheme has been made by feasibility analysis and theoretical calculation. In this scheme, theoretical calculation about the occurrence conditions of mining damage has been done, and the deep research direction of the mining damage mechanism in gob-effect gypsum mines has been pointed out. This research and its train of thought could provide the gob-effect gypsum mines with reference that would increase ore recovery ratio and prevent mining damage.
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Xu, Shi Da, Yuan Hui Li e Jian Po Liu. "Application of Wasteless Mining in Hongtoushan Copper Mine". Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (agosto de 2013): 722–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.722.
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As we all know, a large number of waste rock which caused many serious problem produced in mining. The pollution caused by waste rock in mining is threating the human society seriously in some aspects. Wasteless mining is more and more popular to relieve the burden of mines. As one of the deepest mines in China, Hongtoushan Copper Mine began to establish waste rock filling system in 1995. After three phases of the waste rock filling system, all the waste rock was used to fill the goaf in underground mining in 2012. The wasteless rock mining had brought RMB 8 million and good social benefits. It offered a good suggestion for similar mines in China.
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Waskitho, Nugroho Tri, Risaka Desi Amelida, Febri Arif Cahyo Wibowo, Yahya Jani e Nirmala Ayu Aryanti. "The Characteristic of Teak Growing in Three Areas (Mine, Non-Mining, and Ex-Mining) Forest Management Unit Parengan Bojonegoro, Indonesia". BIO Web of Conferences 104 (2024): 00031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202410400031.
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Bojonegoro Regency has an oil mining location where it is estimated that Indonesia’s crude oil reserves are 25 % of national needs. The location is in Forest Management Unit (Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan - KPH) Parengan which has a teak forest (Tectona grandis L.) with a very close oil mining radius. The aim of the research is to determine the differences in the characteristics of teak growing places and to determine the types of petroleum fractions in active oil mines, former oil mines and those without oil mines. The research method uses a circle plot (17.8 m) with a Sampling Intensity (IS) of 20 % with data analysis results using a one sample test and a Least Significant Difference (LSD) alpha test of 5 %. The characteristics of the teak growing area at each location have different values for height, P content, C content, number of oil fractions and temperature. The types of petroleum fractions in active oil mines are naphtha, kerosene, fuel oil and wax. Ex-oil mines contain gasoline (premium), kerosene, aviation fuel, light gas, fuel oil, lubricating oil, wax and asphalt. In locations without oil mines there is kerosene, aviation fuel, gasoline (premium) and light gas.
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Gaule, Sally. "Mining photographs: David Goldblatt’sOn the Mines". Social Dynamics 40, n.º 1 (2 de janeiro de 2014): 122–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02533952.2014.884266.
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