Teses / dissertações sobre o tema "Alternate society"
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1
Chen, Hsui-fen. "Medicine, society, and the making of madness". Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288268.
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Kastritis, Athanasios A. "The Ways Hypothesis : An alternative approach to Society". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.506937.
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UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX ATHANASIOS A. KASTRITIS DPHIL IN SOCIAL AND POLITICAL THOUGHT THE WAYS HYPOTHESIS: AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH TO SOCIETY SUMMARY There has been a tendency in theories of social constitution to regard the person-society connection as a partial overlap, whereby certain properties of one would be either interdependent with, or over-determined by, those of the other. An attempt to see one totally immersed in the other would be bound to end up with either a reductionist view of society followed, all too rightly, by its rejection as a category altogether, or a vanquishing of human individuality in a mirror house of oppressive inter-subjectivity. Yet intuition would indicate that each one of us is born in a coming together of worldly possibilities whereby the most private phenomenon, the perspective itself, is formed out of the very flesh of social life. Could this intuition be extended past this delicate moment to allow for a constitution of society which, while able to deliver and sustain distinct human perspectives, still extends past their presupposition for its constitution? The Ways Hypothesis presents its reader with a thought experiment which explores the possibility and implications of conceptualising a different type of social constituent as an alternative to the human individual. The thesis introduces the notion of way in its variety of significances and applications and gradually narrows it down to a restricted definition. Engaging in a discussion of existing propositions on the character of, as well as the need for, a concept of society, it uses this restricted definition to introduce an intertwining of ways as a socially specific aspect of reality. It concludes by exploring two implications of this proposition: an understanding of the human self as a sense of place constituted in the intertwining of ways; and a complementary view of theory formation that extends the former to a sense of space. The thesis adopts a minimalist approach to realism, introducing a lightweight ontology that lends itself openly to a pluralist epistemology. It does not set out to replace the task of research, but actually strives to develop its proposition without stepping on the toes of theoretical explanation and empirical work. The liquidity of its key concept allows the argument to trade insights with a wide range of theoretical works including: Maurice Merleau-Pontys phenomenology of perception and Pierre Bourdieus sociology of practice; Bruno Latours ANT sociology and the philosophy of Michel Serres; the sociologies of Émile Durkheim, and Norbert Elias; Georg Simmels sociology of space; William James radical empiricism.
3
Huddy, Belinda. "Exploring alternative values: the Cape Town talent exchange". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13213.
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Includes bibliographical references.The Cape Town Talent Exchange (CTTE) is a Community Exchange System operating locally in Cape Town, while allowing national and global exchanges to take place. Trading activity occurs between members of the community through an alternative currency, Talents. There are numerous incentives driving the participation of the community members. These include various political, social, economic, environmental and philosophical motivations. It is evident, however, that the members’ desires meet through the search for an alternative space where social interactions are experienced and social values are formed through economic activity. The construction of the CTTE as an alternative economy, that re¬‐introduces this social dimension into the economic sphere contributes to the movement away from the hegemonic, capitalist economy to one of heterogeneity. There are, however, tensions that lie in the overlapping nature of these systems, restricting the alterity and autonomy of the CTTE and emphasising the power and dominance of the mainstream economy.
4
Osman, Mohammad Jalal. "John Ford and the alternative world : a study in character and society". Thesis, University of Exeter, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236548.
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van, Reyn Geert Marc Adrienne. "Fortuna caeca : symptom of ideological failure in Roman society and Augustine's Christian alternative". Thesis, Swansea University, 2004. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa43016.
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This thesis argues that the idea of Fortuna (caeca) played an important role in the changeover from traditional Roman ideology to Augustinianism. The first part discusses the religious cult of Fortuna, and most of all the literary figure of Fortuna caeca, in history (Sallust) and philosophy. Fortuna acted as a barometer not only for the efficiency of Roman society, but alsofor the credibility of its ideology. At the forefront of Roman ideology stood virtus, and its reward (worldly glory). Once the link between these two was broken, justice fled, and Fortuna could reign. The staunchest supporters of traditional ideology belonged to the nobility, the meliorpars of society. They had lost in the empire their libertas, and had little opportunity to exercise their virtus. The disparity between political reality and the established ideology proved to be a fertile ground for a whimsical Fortuna caeca. In the second part, a traditional Roman biography of Augustine's life reveals how radical his conversion in the garden of Milan actually was. The Cassiciacum dialogues show his changed view on Fortuna, but only Confessiones reveals why he took a chance event (the 'tolle, lege' chant) to be a divine command. A psychological analysis of Augustine's relationships indicates that this incident saved his already fractured self from total annihilation. From his conversion moment on, his identity was firmly anchored in Christ. In De civiate dei Augustine applies his own experience to the history of mankind, wherein God executes his salvation plan to bring the predestinated saints to the Heavenly Society. Augustine has difficulties defending his doctrine of freely given grace, predestination and original sin, because nothing seems to distinguish God from a capricious deity such as Fortuna caeca, who blindly selects her favourites, and bestows her gifts on them without any regard for merit.
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Harris, Kimberly Kay. "Single Mothers by Choice: A Nontraditional Alternative to Mothering". W&M ScholarWorks, 1988. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625484.
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Gautreau, Ginette Léa. "The Third Mexico: Civil Society Advocacy for Alternative Policies in the Mexican Drug War". Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31029.
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The growth of the drug war and rates of narco-violence in Mexico has captured the attention of the international community, leading to international debates about the validity and effectiveness of the War on Drugs mantra. Since 2006, the Mexican government has been actively combating the cartels with armed troops, leading to high rates of human rights abuses as well as growing opposition to official prohibition policies. This thesis explores three movements advocating for alternatives to the Mexican drug war that have their foundation in civil society organizations: the movements for human rights protection, for drug policy liberalization and for the protection and restitution of victims of the drug war. These movements are analysed through a theoretical framework drawing on critical political economy theory, civil society and social movement theory, and political opportunity structures. This thesis concludes that, when aligned favourably, the interplay of agency and political opportunities converge to create openings for shifting dominant norms and policies. While hegemonic structures continue to limit agency potential, strong civil society advocacy strategies complemented by strong linkages with transnational civil society networks have the potential to achieve transformative changes in the War on Drugs in Mexico.
8
Psarikidou, Katerina. "Re-imagining sustainable agro-food futures : alternative bio-economies in a knowledge society era". Thesis, Lancaster University, 2012. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/68422/.
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The aim of this thesis is to bring into creative dialogue two contemporary, and allegedly contradictory, developments: the rise of ‘alternative agro-food networks’ (AAFNs) and the vision of a knowledge-based (bio)economy (KB(B)E). Despite the rich theoretical investigations that indicate both developments’ great potential impact on the current and future socio-political and economic order, there has been little attempt towards an identification of their interrelationship. Taking into consideration earlier relevant studies, this thesis mainly employs a political-economic approach to AAFNs and the KB(B)E. Based on interviews and participant observation with alternative agro-food practitioners in Cumbria and Manchester, and official documents and internet sources, it aims to identify the particular knowledge-economic and moral-economic aspects of AAFNs, and, thereby shed some light on their interrelationship with the KB(B)E. In doing so, it further investigates the ‘alternative’ character of AAFNs in relation to the KB(B)E and identifies those particular aspects and ways through which AAFNs can carry a potential to constitute an alternative to the existing KB(B)E, but also be considered as an alternative KB(B)E, one with distinctive moral-economic characteristics. Through such an assessment, this thesis not only contributes to the enhancement of knowledge and understanding of both developments, but also encourages a critical re-thinking of each of them. In particular, by providing some critical insights into the potential role of AAFNs in the configuration and future re-construction of the contemporary knowledge-economic order, it also aims to suggest a re-consideration of the KB(B)E itself: beyond its capitalocentric assumptions, its association with high-tech innovation and its current manifestation in policy recommendations and research agendas. In doing so, it also encourages the identification of other potential, though currently marginalised, alternative knowledge-economic spaces that can carry extra-economic values and socio-economic benefits and that can potentially lead to a re-configuration of the sustainable agro-food system.
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Brundin, Carl. "Alternative energy concepts for Swedish wastewater treatment plants to meet demands of a sustainable society". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-146831.
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This report travels through multiple disciplines to seek innovative and sustainable energy solutions for wastewater treatment plants. The first subject is a report about increased global temperatures and an over-exploitation of natural resources that threatens ecosystems worldwide. The situation is urgent where the current trend is a 2°C increase of global temperatures already in 2040. Furthermore, the energy-land nexus becomes increasingly apparent where the world is going from a dependence on easily accessible fossil resources to renewables limited by land allocation. A direction of the required transition is suggested where all actors of the society must contribute to quickly construct a new carbon-neutral resource and energy system. Wastewater treatment is as required today as it is in the future, but it may move towards a more emphasized role where resource management and energy recovery will be increasingly important. This report is a master’s thesis in energy engineering with an ambition to provide some clues, with a focus on energy, to how wastewater treatment plants can be successfully integrated within the future society. A background check is conducted in the cross section between science, society, politics and wastewater treatment. Above this, a layer of technological insights is applied, from where accessible energy pathways can be identified and evaluated. A not so distant step for wastewater treatment plants would be to absorb surplus renewable electricity and store it in chemical storage mediums, since biogas is already commonly produced and many times also refined to vehicle fuel. Such extra steps could be excellent ways of improving the integration of wastewater treatment plants into the society. New and innovative electric grid-connected energy storage technologies are required when large synchronous electric generators are being replaced by ‘smaller’ wind turbines and solar cells which are intermittent (variable) by nature. A transition of the society requires energy storages, balancing of electric grids, waste-resource utilization, energy efficiency measures etcetera… This interdisciplinary approach aims to identify relevant energy technologies for wastewater treatment plants that could represent decisive steps towards sustainability.
10
Herbst, Rone. "Considering rhythms of emotional proximity: an alternative approach to directing theatre in a violent society". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20059.
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This inquiry is concerned with realistic representations of violence on stage within a South African context. Inside this broad frame I focus on why this directorial approach is a problem and I propose a possible solution in a directorial intervention with mise-en-scène, which attempts to regulate the audience's emotional immersion and distance through theatre apparatus. This notion is supported both by Psychological research into the problem of violence in South Africa, and by Theatre and Performance studies, with author Lilie Chouliaraki (2013) arguing for the "in-between" of theatre as a means to approaching violence. Conceptually, I propose working with theatre apparatus in a spatial triad, which is located within Peter Brook's ideas around an "empty space", the post-Brechtian according to David Bennett, which is concerned with both distance and emotional immersion, and the spatial trialectics of Henri Lefebvre and Edward Soja, who argue for the insertion of a "thirdspace" in order to counter the limited workings of binaries. This conceptual frame translates into praxis in the form of theatre apparatus such as interruption and disruption of the narrative, working with metaphor and gesture, "playing" with time, duration and repetition and working towards moments of extreme intensity before a pause is inserted into the action. I propose these apparatus as the findings of a series of Practice as Research projects which formed part of this study, and as the tools for my final Thesis Production. This project will take place in November, 2015 in the form of an adaptation of a novel, where my objective will be to create a rhythm of emotional audience involvement. My aim is to test whether the apparatus I have discovered in this study are able to regulate the emotional proximity of the audience to the violence on stage, hopefully providing an alternative approach to working with violence in an already violent society.
11
Coppock, Stacey. "Reconfiguring rural service space : bank and building society branch closures and alternative and diverse economic networks". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.664267.
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This thesis draws upon contemporary research in economic geography and the social sciences to examine the reconfiguration of rural service space. In particular, the thesis explores the changing nature of mainstream retail financial service provision in rural England and the associated development, structure and use of alternative and diverse economic networks amongst rural communities and households. The thesis critically examines concepts of financial exclusion, and proposes the adoption ·of a more spatially sensitive approach to examine the variegated connectivity of finance to everyday places, through a financial ecologies approach. The thesis is based upon empirical research collected through statistical analysis and mapping of bank and building society branch closures between 1989-2009; ethnographic research with alternative and diverse economic institutions; semi-structured interviews with policy stakeholders, project coordinators and households; and secondary analysis of policy documents. I adopt a case study approach to examine the processes and impacts of service provision within three rural areas. In particular, the thesis explores three aspects of rural financial service change; in order to understand the spatial outcomes and impacts of processes of money and finance on the local financial landscape and everyday practices of financial engagement. First, the research explores the scale, geography and socio-economic variation of bank and building societies in England, and examines the specific local impacts of these broader institutional changes within three rural districts. Second, the thesis draws upon institutionalist perspectives to examine the development and use of alternative and diverse economic institutions in the context of broader social, political, and cultural factors. Third, the research considers the local impacts of financial service change, and examines the everyday engagement practices of rural households in relation to the financial subjectivities that are called forth and assembled in place. The thesis indicates the importance of space and place in determining and shaping the nature of rural service change, the impacts of which depend on the diverse institutional fabric of an area, and the local attitudes, social norms and economic practices of individuals, households and communities in rural England.
12
Kumar, Richa Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "The Yellow Revolution in Malwa : alternative arenas of struggle and the cultural politics of development". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/47825.
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Thesis (Ph. D. in History, Anthropology, and Science, Technology and Society (HASTS))--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Science, Technology and Society, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (p. 319-331).
This dissertation engages with two analytical frameworks to explore questions of social transformation and structures of power in rural society in India. The first is a specific critique of various types of development discourse and development projects that have been elaborated by national and international elites during the last forty years, focusing on the dry land Malwa region in the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh. This includes a project to introduce soyabean cultivation to the region in the 1970s, which has been post-facto labeled as a yellow revolution, and a discourse which argues that providing market information through new information and communication technologies is empowering farmers. I argue that these projects and discourse have mostly steered away from engaging with the structures of power framing rural society, and thus, have failed to bring about much change in the condition of rural people in central India. The second analytical framework is a recovery and foregrounding of alternate arenas of struggle that rural people in the Malwa region have been participating in. The platform of democratic politics is one such avenue that marginalized groups have used to make demands upon the state to provide them with support and allows them to hold the state accountable for the same. Participating in cultural projects that question and subvert the forms of caste and gender based exclusion that frame the lives of people is another such arena which provides women and adivasis (tribals) with a language of empowerment. This research argues that for the language and practice of development to have more relevance to the lives of the poor and for it to engage with the deeper aspirations in their lives, the role of these political and cultural projects as vital platforms for rural people to exercise agency and bring about change, must be recognized.
by Richa Kumar.
Ph.D.in History, Anthropology, and Science, Technology and Society (HASTS
13
Liu, Xin. "An alternative framework of analysis to investigate China's Confucius Institutes : a great leap outward with Chinese characteristics?" Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2017. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/20722/.
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This thesis examines China’s contemporary global cultural footprints through its recent development of cultural diplomacy and its global expansion of the Confucius Institute, whose prominent features are investigated by exploring the four specific research questions of ‘why’ China wants to launch cultural diplomacy and the CI, ‘what’ is the vehicle, ‘who’ is the agent, and ‘how’ it is carried out in the field. The thesis challenges the adequacy of the mainstream concepts of ‘soft power’ and ‘nation branding’ that are most commonly cited in the current literature, and argued for an alternative analytical framework that goes beyond and beneath these Western-defined concepts. After deciphering the multiple contexts, Gramsci’s concepts of cultural hegemony and ideology and Said’s critique of Orientalism are adopted to frame a different understanding of the historical and international contexts, while the double-edged role played by nationalism is analysed to deepen our understanding of the domestic context. The proposed new perspectives are then applied to chart the global cultural terrain of struggle, where the cultural encounters in the shifting global power relations between China’s long-held image as the “cultural other” and the ‘ideological other’ and its self-representations are examined. A comparative case study of the CIs, one of the most visible and controversial manifestations of China’s cultural diplomacy, is carried out to answer the main research question of why China’s similar efforts in promoting its culture were perceived and received differently to other Western countries and encountered unexpected controversies. The answers outline the unique challenges faced by China’s cultural diplomacy in both the cultural encounters and the interactions between its internal articulations and external communications. Primary data were collected from 25 interviews with staff from nine CIs in five different countries and one Goethe Institute in Beijing. The dynamics between these interweaving contexts elaborate the complexity of China’s cultural diplomacy and the CI project, whose prominent features are presented as the major research findings of this thesis, while what will make it a truly ‘great leap outward’ is also discussed.
14
MacDonald, Susan Hardie. "Alternative Responses to the Orange County Bankruptcy: An Inquiry into the Images Underlying Theory". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28808.
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The bankruptcy of the government of Orange County, California in 1994 is treated as a case study depicting a potentially critical problem emerging for democracies. The analysis links finan-cial and fiduciary perspectives by re-examining the actions of Orange County officials and citi-zens through three separate analytical frames: the dynamics of economic globalization; citizen engagement through the channel of civil society; and the theory of risk--both its nature generally and its financial aspect specifically. The conclusion reached is that globalization has made con-tingency and uncertainty ubiquitous and this indicates that the practice of governance in its pub-lic administration dimension should include a return to pragmatic, process approaches to policy and implementation.Ph. D.
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Nangbe, Florentin. "La Société civile : acteur alternatif de développement en Afrique de l'Ouest?" Paris 9, 2003. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2003PA090061.
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Chinhengo, Austin Muyengi. "The basic conception of land : an alternative approach to the original principles governing landholding in Shona society". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1992. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU046496.
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This study investigates the ideas and conceptions underlying the original principles governing landholding amongst the Shona people of Zimbabwe. Its primary premiss is that the Shona have a basic conception of land peculiar to themselves, which is an element of their world-view, and which is different from Western-type legal conceptions of land. The principles which derive from the Shona basic conception of land provide the basis for the institutions which the Shona have historically developed to govern their system of landholding, and that system can only be accurately analysed within the framework of Shona conceptions and ideas relating to land. Unlike the Western-type legal conceptions in which land is seen as a divisible thing which can be made the subject of private ownership, the Shona basic conception of land regards land as being indivisible, incapable of being individually appropriated, and as providing an essential link between the various elements of the Shona universe. The Shona institutions of landholding comprise 'powers' that govern both the physical distribution of access to the land and the spiritual relationship which the Shona as individuals and as communities have with the land. The effective operation of the Shona institutions of landholding was substantially curtailed by the changes wrought on them through the actions of the colonial and post-colonial State in Zimbabwe. However, the Shona basic conception of land still persists in the minds and attitudes of many members of Shona society, and continues to influence the manner in which they deal with the land.
17
Nwedamutsu, Tsepo. "Alternative dispute resolution in medical malpractice in south Africa". University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7634.
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Magister Legum - LLMSouth Africa has seen a spike in medical malpractice litigation, including the number and size of claims instituted against healthcare practitioners. This has led to a backlog in medical malpractice court cases throughout South Africa and a strain on both the public and private healthcare sectors, affecting an already burdened healthcare system. The surge in medical malpractice litigation is not a new phenomenon in developed countries. Most have curbed this through alternative dispute resolution (ADR). This has been facilitated by effectively introducing efficient legal frameworks that promote ADR. Unfortunately, this is not the case in a developing country such as South Africa. To date, much research and literature has attributed blame for the large-scale increase in medical malpractice litigation to legal practitioners. This has been aided by comments made by the former Minister of Health, Dr Aaron Motsoaledi (Dr Motsoaledi). In as much as this may be the common perception, there appears, to the contrary, to be systematic problems in the South African healthcare system. The legal profession is only a minor contributing factor to the increase in medical malpractice litigation. The strained financial resources and shortage of healthcare staff in public hospitals contributes to the increased risk of medical malpractice cases. Furthermore, when considering the South African legal system, contingency fee arrangements have, in certain circumstances, increased vexatious litigation and, as such, it is on this basis that medical malpractice litigation has been on the increase in South African courts. This study seeks to analyse the current state of the South African healthcare system, and in light of the increasing number of medical practice claims and litigation, propose ADR mechanisms that offer efficient, cost effective, and expeditious channels to resolving these issues and to ensure that parties recognise the full benefits of ADR. This study proposes legal reform in medical malpractice litigation in South Africa. This thesis compares the experiences, legislative and policy frameworks in Australia and the United States of America (USA), in order to learn lessons that could assist South Africa in framing legislation and best practices for ADR. It contends that, in order to effectively develop and implement ADR to address medical malpractice litigation, it requires the involvement of the government, legislature, judiciary, legal profession and the public. It has identified court- iv annexed mediation as the appropriate ADR mechanism in addressing medical malpractice litigation.
18
Badet, François. "L'économie alternative de l'expérimentation à la théorisation". Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010024.
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Les crises socio-économiques et environnementales semblent marquer l'échec des politiques économiques traditionnelles. Or, depuis les années soixante, l'économie alternative défend l'idée que l'économie est une affaire politique et qu'elle est l'affaire de tous. Cette conception conduit à dépasser l'opposition traditionnelle entre l'état providence et la loi du marché. Cette reprise en main de l'économie par les gens se concrétise dans des pratiques économiques de solidarité et de démocratie économique. Elle trouve sa source dans les socialismes utopistes du siècle dernier. Elle débouche simultanément sur une remise en cause des grandes doctrines économiques et sur une approche alternative de l'économie. Elle considère la personne plutôt que l'homo oeconomicus, la société politique plutôt que l'espace marchand, un environnement généreux plutôt qu'illimité, des schémas d'intelligibilité évolués plutôt que le mécanisme. Cette approche se fonde sur le small is beautiful, l'économie gandhienne, le don maussien, l'économie humaniste, la bio-économie, le féminisme. . . La pensée économique s'ouvre ainsi aux autres sciences et aux questions de l'homme. Cette approche permet de voir autrement les problèmes actuels : le chômage s'analyse comme une mutation du développement économique, le sous-développement comme la captation de flux par les pays développés, la crise de l'environnement comme le conflit de deux logiques. La logique économique est elle-même en cause. Elle définit de nouveaux outils, tels les indicateurs alternatifs, qui comportent des indicateurs sociaux et environnementaux et se construisent en vue d'une utilisation par les populations concernées. Elle promeut une redéfinition du travail, la redistribution du temps de travail, un revenu de base et la pluri-activité ; une réintégration de la biosphère, avec les entreprises écologiques et la gestion normative; et l'institution d'un troisième secteur qui redonne le contrôle de l'économie à la collectivitéThe socio-economic and environmental crises seem to show the failure of the traditional economic policies now, since the sixties, the alternative economics maintains the idea that the economy is a political matter and that it is the matter of everybody. This conception leads to go beyond the traditional opposition between the welfare state and the law of the market. This take-over of the economy back to the people takes the forms of economic practices of solidarity and economic democracy. It finds its roots in the utopian socialisms of the last century. Simultaneously, it induces to question the main economic theories and it proposes an alternative approach of the economy. It considers the person rather than the homo oeconomicus, the political society rather than the merchant space, a generous environment rather than an illimited one, advanced intelligibility schemes rather than mechanism. This approach is grounded on small is beautiful, the gandhian economics, the maussian gift, the humanistic economics, the bio-economics, the feminism. . . This way, the economic thought opens itself to the other sciences et to the human questions. This approach allows a different analysis of the problems of the moment : unemployment is seen as a mutation of the economic development, the under-development as the diversion of the flows by the developped countries, environmental crisis as the conflict between two logics. The economic logic itself is in question. It defines new tools, like alternative indicators. These count social and environmental indicators and are build in order to be used by the concerned people. It promotes a new definition of work, the share of the working time, a basic income and the multi-activity; a reinstatement of the biosphere, with the ecological firms and the normative management; and the institution of a third sector that gives the control over the economy back to the community
19
Bann, Seamus J. "A stochastic techno-economic comparison of alternative jet fuel production pathways". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111238.
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Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Technology and Policy Program, 2017.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2017
This study quantifies and compares the costs of production for six alternative jet fuel pathways using consistent financial and technical assumptions. Uncertainty was propagated through the analysis using Monte Carlo simulations. The six processes assessed were hydroprocessed ester and fatty acids (HEFA) using soybean oil, yellow grease, and tallow; advanced fermentation (AF) using corn grain, sugarcane, and herbaceous biomass; conventional gasification and Fischer-Tropsch (FT) using municipal solid waste; aqueous phase processing (APP) using woody biomass; hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) using woody biomass; and fast pyrolysis and hydroprocessing (FPH) using corn stover. The results indicate that none of the six processes would be profitable in the absence of government incentives, with HEFA using yellow grease, HEFA using tallow, and FT revealing the lowest mean jet fuel prices at $0.91/liter ($0.66/liter to $1.24/liter), $1.06/liter ($0.79/liter to $1.42/liter), and $1.15/liter ($0.95/liter to $1.39/liter), respectively. The highest mean NPV was the NPV calculated for HEFA yellow grease with a mean value (in $B) of -0.112 (95% range of -0.412 to 0.179), followed by HEFA tallow with -0.202 (-0.517 to 0.100) and FT with -0.210 (-0.424 to 0.033). This study also quantifies plant performance in the United States with a policy analysis. The alternative fuel production models were used to examine the economic viability of each pathway under a variety of existing and potential regulatory scenarios. Results indicate that some pathways could achieve positive NPV with relatively high likelihood under existing policy supports, with HEFA and FPH revealing the highest probability of positive NPV at 94.9% and 99.7%, respectively, in the best-case scenario.
by Seamus J. Bann.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
S.M.
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Benfalk, Isabelle. "Flerstegsklausuler som processhinder : En studie av doktrin och möjligheten att tilldela förstegen effekten av ett temporärt processhinder". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-445195.
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The interest for, and usage of, Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) has to a much greater extent developed in other legal systems than in the Swedish. ADR has gained popularity and, in some cases, one may even say that it has taken an indispensable role for those who deem the legal process inert. The reason why the same legal development has not taken place in Sweden can be partly explained by the principle that procedural agreements per se are invalid if the agreement is not supported by law. This thesis argues that one way to encourage disputing parties to reconcile out of court is by allowing an exception from the principle in favour of pre-litigation clauses consisting of a multi-tiered dispute resolution. These clauses contain several stages, each of them aiming to facilitate an amicable settlement. The intent of the parties by including such a clause in a contract is to seek a settlement by the prescribed ADR method before they commence litigation or arbitration. Such an exemption, however, requires its preconditions in order not to restrict the parties’ right to judicial review. The possibility of assigning the precedent ADR stages the effect of a procedural hindrance during a limited period of time is discovered by assaying legal literature. Analysing this possibility concludes that it might be an alternative for achieving the advantages of ADR while minimizing the risk of restricting the right to have one’s civil rights determined by trial.
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Clò, Clarissa. "Italy in the world and the world in Italy : tracing alternative cultural trajectories /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3100380.
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Nyamora, Pius M. "The role of alternative press in mobilization for political change in Kenya 1982-1992 : Society magazine as a case study". [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001983.
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Segade, Olalla Linares. "A Viable Democratic Alternative to the Traditional Corporate Models in Capitalist Society : A Normative and Empirical Case for Emoloyee Participation". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.521851.
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Weigl, Dustin. "Characterizing the evolution of the alternative fuel vehicle and infrastructure Nexus". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122394.
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Thesis: S.M. in Transportation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2019Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Technology and Policy Program, 2019
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 50-53).
For decades, petroleum-based fuels have dominated as the primary energy source for the light duty vehicle (LDV) fleet in the United States and around most of the world. However, recent developments in alternative fuel vehicle (AFV) technology have led to viable alternatives to the traditional internal combustion engine. In particular, vehicles with zero tailpipe emissions including plug-in electric vehicles and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) powered by hydrogen fuel have the potential to greatly reduce transportation emissions. However, adoption of these vehicles has grown slowly for a number of reasons. One of the largest barriers to adoption is a chicken-or-egg problem; the interdependence between the adoption of AFVs and the expansion of a new network of refueling infrastructure to support them. This thesis examines the current status of refueling networks and AFV adoption around the world with a specific focus on the U.S. I specify the characteristics of the various impediments to AFV expansion including high purchase price, range anxiety, and consumer familiarity. I then present a series of sensitivity analyses examining the projected vehicle-infrastructure co-evolution using a system dynamics model parameterized for the United States private LDV fleet. For battery electric vehicles, the results indicate that steady growth in market share is possible, given continued investment and political support. Adoption of FCEVs, on the other hand, is likely to grow much more slowly and these vehicles may not enter the U.S. market at all unless supported by significant private investment or political intervention. However, significantly higher levels of adoption in concentrated areas may be possible in the simulated timeframe out to the year 2050.
by Dustin Weigl.
S.M. in Transportation
S.M. in Technology and Policy
S.M.inTransportation Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
S.M.inTechnologyandPolicy Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Technology and Policy Program
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George, Keith. "Exploring the Challenges Non-Clinical Departments Encounter During Eden Alternative Implementation". ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7798.
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The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services recommends new guidelines that shift healthcare delivery in nursing homes and long-term care facilities from an institutional model to a person-centered care model. Although clinical outcomes are measured and tracked, there was limited literature about the challenges non-clinical departments face in a nursing facility during implementation of a person-centered model. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the challenges non-clinical staff experience while transitioning to an Eden Alternative philosophy, a person-centered care model. The theoretical foundation of this study relied upon Bressers' Contextual Interaction Theory. The research questions for this study focused on the specific challenges that affect non-clinical staff from a staffing, operating, and risk management standpoint. The research questions focused on the internal and external motivations for staff as well as whether or not identifying such challenges will allow a nursing facility to achieve full Eden certification. The researcher for this study utilized a case study approach to explore the responses of 15 directors of non-clinical departments across the United States. Semi-structured interviews, Eden Warmth Survey data, and Minimum Data Set 3.0 data were used to gather data from participants and facilities involved. After using open coding for data analysis, significant findings in this study included that directors needed corporate buy in, continuous education, proper staffing and financial funding in order to achieve and maintain compliance. The study implications for social change involves addressing non-clinical department challenges directly and thus creating fewer barriers when embracing person-centered care models, such as the Eden Alternative model, as an environment for aging, compared to institutionalized approaches.
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Yun, Janet H. "Public perception of alternative water sources and water usage : a case study of desalination and recycled Water facilities". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115589.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2018.Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Technology and Policy Program, 2018.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 78-80).
The importance of public acceptance within the decision-making process for large-scale, municipal water projects is widely understood and documented. In order to assess the role of public perception on the acceptance of alternative water sources, this paper broadly evaluates public preference for alternative water source and water conservation programs through a user-based approach. Choice-based conjoint analysis was utilized as a quantitative method to determine which design attributes make alternative water sources, specifically desalination and recycled water facilities, more appealing to communities. An online survey was taken by 306 respondents in California, Florida, and Texas. Respondents were analyzed on an aggregate level to identify overall perception of, familiarity with, and preference for desalinated and recycled water. The results indicate significant importance placed on specific attributes such as cost and environmental impact, as opposed to the water program type and location of the proposed facility. Findings based on subpopulations of respondents suggest that preference between water program types were fairly consistent among different demographics, but varied on characteristics such as increased familiarity and perceived reliability of currently provided tap water.
by Janet H. Yun.
S.M.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
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Mamani, Sanabria Israel. "Blockchain: An alternative approach for recognition and enforcement of Investment Treaty Arbitration awards". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-443526.
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An issue in investment treaty arbitration is the extreme effort needed to obtain recognition and enforcement of an arbitral award. Even though the 1958 New York Convention was signed to simplify the process of recognition and enforcement of a foreign arbitral award, in the new digital world, the recognition and enforceability risks of authenticating an investment treaty arbitral award need to be reconsidered. Ultimately, it is the enforceability of the award that gives credence to the entire arbitration process and justifies the costs and time that the parties of a dispute have invested in the resolution process. Thus, upcoming technologies like blockchain could be a part of the future in Investment Treaty Arbitration (ITA) to provide more efficiency and benefits for the rendering an arbitral award. With blockchain, ITA awards could be rooted in digital code, stored in a transparent platform, and protected from removal, tampering, and modification, resolving the necessity to prove the existence of a duly rendered award, previnting additional costs and procedures. The thesis discusses how blockchain could solve recognition and enforcement issues in an investor-state dispute resolution (ISDS) scenario. It introduces legal aspects of the possible application of blockchain technology in investment treaty disputes. It has the purpose to study the possible benefits that blockchain could bring to Investment Treaty Arbitration with particular attention to the recognition and enforcement of investment treaty arbitration awards. The peculiarity of blockchain technology is that it might represent an opportunity to restructure the investments protection paradigm by implementing a trustworthy, transparent, more affordable, highly standardized, time-stamped and automated recognition and enforcement of ITA arbitral awards. Finally, blockchain might not be the solution to all the problems of ISDS. However, it offers a foundation that can bring a new entire value chain by guaranteeing immediate recognition and enforceability of arbitral awards and getting rid of the deficiencies that the actual system has. This would give more legal certainty to the parties of the ITA in the recognition and enforcement of award on investor-state disputes.
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Sabatini, Gerald Andrew. "Graffiti Architecture: Alternative Methodologies for the Appropriation of Space". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1216901954.
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Šulskutė, Martyna. "Living in Vans and Wagons as an Alternative to the Mainstream Society: Perception of the Good-life among Mobile Dwellers in Germany and Portugal". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140611_143320-47848.
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The object of this work is mobile dwellers in Germany and Portugal. This lifestyle express itself firstly in the form people create their home. This lifestyle appear as an alternative to the mainstream society. These difference everyday practices are anchored in different perception of what constitutes a good-life and happiness for people. The choice of home place of mobile dwellers is defined by the perception of good life and imagined ways to seek for it too. To understand how they perceive a good life, enables us to understand what they strive for and how do they motivate their lifestyle choices.
Research Problem
How do mobile dwellers comprehend good life and happiness as an alternative to the dominant norms of the society?
Research Tasks
1. To define analytical framework, which could be used for analysis of good-life of mobile dwellers?
2. To compare how the contradiction between ideas of good-life of mobile dwellers and mainstream is experienced and evaluated?
3. To reveal how ethics, morals and ideologies influence their notions of good-life?
4. To reveal how they feel about their lives?
Method
The empirical data for the work was gathered through 2 months fieldwork in Portugal and Germany. The main methods employed were participant observation and conduction of ethnographic notes, 18 in-depth, semi-structured interviews of approximately 1,5 hour. Snowball method was used to make contacts and move from people to people. Some extra information was gathered in the... [to full text]Šio darbo objektas yra mobilieji gyventojai Vokietijoje ir Portugalijoje. Šis gyvenimo būdas pirmiausia skleidžiasi per tai, kaip gyventojai kuria savo namus. Jis randasi kaip alternatyva dominuojančiai visuomenei. Šios skirtingos kasdienio gyvenimo praktikos kyla iš skirtingo tų žmonių gero gyvenimo ir laimės supratimo. Pasirinkimas, kaip kurti savo namus, yra tampriai susijęs su gero gyvenimo ir laimės suvokimu ir įsivaizduojamais būdais jo siekti. Atskleidimas to, kaip jie suvokia gerą gyvenimą, leidžia mums suprasti dėl ko jie stengiasi ir kaip motyvuoja savo gyvenimo pasirinkimus. Tyrimo problema Kaip mobilieji gyvetojai supranta gerą gyvenimą ir laimę kaip alternatyvą dominuojančios visuomenės normoms? Tyrimo uždaviniai 1. Nustatyti analitinius rėmus, kuriuos pasitelkiant galima būtų atlikti mobiliųjų gyventojų gero gyvenimo analizę. 2. Nustatyti kaip yra suprantama ir vertinama prieštara tarp gero gyvenimo idėjų tarp mobiliųjų gyventojų ir pagrindinės visuomenės. 3. Atskleisti kaip etika, moralė ir ideologijos veikia gero gyvenimo supratimą. 4. Atskleisti kaip jie vertina savo gyvenimus. Metodai Empiriniai duomenys tyrimui buvo surinkti dievų mėnesių lauko tyrimo metu Vokietijoje ir Portugalijoje. Pagrindiniai naudoti metodai tai dalyvaujamas stebėjimas, lauko užrašų darymas, 18 giluminių pusiau struktūruotų interviu po vidutiniškai 1.5 valandos. Kontaktai lauko tyrimo metu rasdavosi naudojantis sniego gniūžtės principu. Papildomos informacijos buvo ieškoma... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Lochner, Eben. "The democratisation of art CAP as an alternative art space in South Africa". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002205.
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While formal arts education was inaccessible to many during Apartheid, community-based centres played a significant role in the training of previously disadvantaged artists. By engaging in a socio-political critique of the history of South African art, this thesis argues that even though alternative art spaces are often marginalised, they remain essential to the diversification and democratisation of contemporary South African art today with its re-entry into the international art scene. According to Lize van Robbroeck (2004:52), “some of the fundamental ideals of community arts need to be revised to enrich, democratize and diversify [South Africa's] cultural practice.” The aim of my Thesis is to investigate this statement in relation to the contribution the Community Arts Project (CAP) in Cape Town (1977-2003). CAP and other art centres have played an indispensable role in the establishment of black artists and in producing a locally reflective artistic practice in South Africa, even into the 21st century. Through researching the changes the organisation underwent between the 1980s and 1990s, the ways in which such art centres constantly need to respond to the changing sociopolitical landscape around them become clear. Within South Africa these centres were seen to play a significant part in the liberation struggle and then later in nation building. While these centres were well supported by foreign donors in the late 1980s, such funding was withdrawn in 1991 and the majority of art centres collapsed, illustrating to some degree that the training of artist was not valued outside the context of the struggle against apartheid. By interviewing key people and by reading documentation stored at the Manuscripts and Archives department of UCT I have discovered some of the different benefits and hindrances of working in community art centres both during and after Apartheid. This thesis argues that these centres still play a vital role in contributing to the development of South Africa's local art practice and should not be relegated to the sideline.
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Ng, Benny Siu Hon. "A machine learning approach to evaluating renewable energy technology : an alternative LACE study on solar photo-voltaic (PV)". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/127172.
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Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, May, 2020Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, May, 2020
Cataloged from the official PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 75-79).
Currently, renewable technologies are often evaluated using the Levelized cost of electricity (LCOE), which is a measure of building and operating a generating plant over an assumed αnancial life and duty cycle. Naturally, instead of only measuring the cost, a more holistic approach would be to also assess the economical value of the renewable generating technology. One approach to this would be to measure the Levelized Avoided Cost of Electricity (LACE), which considers what it will cost the grid to generate electricity using renewable technology, amortized over its lifetime. However, estimating avoided cost can be challenging since it requires knowledge of how the renewable technology would perform in electricity generation, especially when taking into account a projected future period. Naturally this would have repercussions in policies adopting greater renewable technologies, further emphasising the importance of an adequate measure of evaluating renewable technology.
In this thesis, we explore several methods of evaluating alternative sources of energy, with an in-depth focus on a LACE evaluation of solar PV as an alternative source of electricity generation within CAISO market. Through experimentation of different variants of a recurrent neural network, an LSTM model was trained to predict 2016 electricity prices of all nodes within CAISO. The model achieved a Mean Absolute Scaled Error (MASE) of 0.761, outperforming a naive baseline using the Day-Ahead prices. Using the predicted prices, the LACE for solar PV was estimated and compared against the LACE computed with perfect knowledge of prices. Even though they had similar mean values, there was a significant difference in the variance. The effects of improvements in price prediction on the LACE was further explored. We found that the smaller the difference in the estimated LACE to the respective LCOE value, the greater the impact of improving price prediction performance; and was able to place an implicit value of an improvement of price prediction performance. Especially for policy and decision makers, this improvement in electricity price forecasting would directly translate to greater confidence when making the decision to switch a solar PV alternative.
by Benny Siu Hon Ng.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
S.M.
S.M.inTechnologyandPolicy Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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Nzoko, Mewawou Someu Anselme. "L'Université des Montagnes : une alternative citoyenne face à la crise de l'enseignement supérieur au Cameroun : (1990-2015)". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG004.
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Cette recherche sociologique propose une étude compréhensive de l’Université des Montagnes, une initiative de la société civile issue de la crise de l’enseignement supérieur au Cameroun dans les années 1990. L’enquête de terrain réalisée au sein de l’institution a permis de collecter des données quantitatives et qualitatives à partir desquelles nous avons produit une théorie ancrée (Glaser et A. Strauss) mettant en évidence les spécificités de cette institution alternative et unique en son genre au Cameroun. Une observation participante de longue durée a permis une investigation approfondie. La première ligne de rupture qui se dégage de notre analyse est que l’Université des Montagnes est entièrement conçue, pensée et mise en œuvre par un groupe de citoyens déterminé à briser le monopole de l’État sur le développement de l’enseignement supérieur au Cameroun. Pour ce faire, les promoteurs ont dans une démarche réflexive et critique par rapport au modèle existant, élaboré une philosophie éducative et pédagogique innovante qui concilie les sciences fondamentales, appliquées et professionnalisantes, ainsi qu’une pédagogie ancrée dans les cultures africaines. En somme, nos enquêtes révèlent l’émergence d’une université générale, professionnelle et citoyenne. Le projet tente ainsi d’opérer une synthèse méthodique et adaptative des modèles universitaires de référence ayant structuré l’enseignement supérieur dans le monde. Nonobstant les difficultés d’appropriation collective, cette expérience citoyenne apparait, après quinze années d’existence, comme un analyseur et un catalyseur d’innovation sociale, tant son impact est perceptible sur le paysage de l’enseignement supérieur au CamerounThis sociological study offers a comprehensive study of the Université des Montagnes, a civil society initiative in response to the crisis in higher education in Cameroon in the 1990’s. A field study undertaken within the institution, using a participatory approach, enabled us to collect quantitative and qualitative data which was used to produce a grounded theory (Glaser and A. Strauss) approach that highlights the specific features of this alternative institution which is unique in Cameroon. The first break shown by our analysis is that the Université des Montagnes was entirely conceived, imagined, and established by a group of citizens determined to relieve the State of its monopoly on the development of higher education in Cameroon. To accomplish this, the founders, through a method that was reflective and critical in relation to the existing model, developed an innovative philosophy of education and pedagogy that reconciles the applied and professional sciences, and pedagogy founded on African culture. In short, our study shows the emergence of a general, professional, and people’s university. The project seeks to furnish a systematic and adaptive synthesis of reference university models that have structured higher education across the world. Notwithstanding the difficulties involved in collective adoption of the project, after fifteen years of existence, this people’s experiment appears to have been an analyser and catalyst for social innovation, considering its impact in the area of higher education in Cameroon
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Long, Anne-Marie. "Ragtime, revisioning menstrual praxis; implications of personal, societal and commercial interests in menstruating and alternative and mainstream menstrual products". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0019/MQ49394.pdf.
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Cook, Brittany Eleanor. "PRODUCING TRADITION: INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS AND DEVELOPMENT IN JORDANIAN OLIVE OIL". UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/geography_etds/54.
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This dissertation project examines how value is changed and created through organic certification and the universalizing ideas of capacity building within the olive oil industry in Jordan and how these shifts affect the social and material processes of production. I approach organic olive oil production in Jordan as one method that producers use in accessing markets and capacity building. By shifting from looking strictly at organic certified farms to examining the larger context of capacity building and international standards, I identify how organic is just one strategy in a larger effort to diversify Jordanian agricultural production and to access global markets. However, more work needs to be done to elucidate how development shapes organic and other ‘alternative’ initiatives differently than in European and North American contexts. In order to do this, I incorporate postcolonial critiques of GPN and critical development studies to further our understanding how of these certifications and standards are taken up, challenged, and sometimes abandoned in favor of other production methods in local spaces of the Global South.
The local embeddedness of olive oil production and the relative recent history of export provide a unique opportunity for examining how producers, organizations, governments, and universities create new export industries. In order to trace how these capacities are built, this dissertation examines the following questions: how is value redefined as producers try to access distant consumers? What are the material and social strategies? In answering these questions, I examine three types of value: taste/sensory, organic/environmental, and gendered tradition. Through the examination of these values, I found that they were each built through a mechanism: re-asetheticizing local taste, creating a new commodity network, and pushing domestic labor into the public sphere. Each mechanism has intended and unintended consequences for the social relations of production.
In summary, this dissertation explores the use (and abandonment) of organic certification within the larger context of development and capacity building in Jordan. In order to explore how value is being created in new ways, the three empirical chapters examine extra virginity, organic certification, and women’s rural organizations. By looking beyond a singular commodity chain, this dissertation examines the processes through which institutional assemblages are formed and destabilized. Therefore, each of the three empirical chapters covers a different aspect of the institutions that are defining value within the larger network of the olive industry. This approach will further our understanding of how quality and conventions function in systems under transition. (Higgins, Dibden, and Cocklin 2008a).
Together these findings provide a broad picture of efforts in Jordan to improve and expand the Jordanian olive oil industry. A large aspect of this effort is to produce exportable olive oil. While only a small percentage of producers are exporting, governmental and development networks want to build the capacity of the olive industry so that more farmers are producing to international standards. Through this broad initiative, traditional ideas of quality and the best practices of production are being challenged. These shifts create new networks and products through which rural producers try to capture value. While the overall ramifications of this shift for the average farmer are small now, with further government standardizing, production and its associated social relations could be significantly changed. The traditional farmers who were able to sell within their personal networks may lose their ability to sell flexibly, and simultaneously larger irrigated producers may flourish, having larger environmental impacts.
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Ba, Abdou Yéro. "La Mauritanie et les défis du développement (étude d'ensemble et stratégie alternative)". Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01063215.
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Travail observant les problèmes de développement que la Mauritanie rencontre et les réponses que les dirigeants politiques essayent de créer face à la sécheresse, les conflits politiques et militaires, l'accumulation des dettes, et l'affaiblissement des prix des produits de base.
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Jacobson, Anders. "Separatism and cooperation : Democratic participation, asset-building and narrative representations in The Women’s Cooperative Society Swedish Homes, 1904-1916". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för ekonomisk historia och internationella relationer, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-193834.
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Within the context of economic history, this case study discusses “separatist cooperation” as an organizational and economic strategy for addressing multiple forms of alienation and inequality. Unique in the European cooperative movement at the time, The Women’s Cooperative Society Swedish Homes (Kvinnornas Andelsförening Svenska Hem), active in Stockholm 1905-1916, is a case in point. Using a theoretical framework drawn from social and economic reconstruction as well as critical perspectives inspired by intersectionality, the study analyzes how arguments, practices and choices of Svenska Hem are manifested in terms of three themes/strategies of de-alienation: democratic participation, asset-building and narrative representation. Cutting through each of these themes/strategies, explicit and implicit conceptions of gender, class and group solidarity are critically analyzed. The results show that the separatist strategy in combination with cooperative organizing generated considerable movement energy and capital accumulation e.g. in the face of an organized boycott from competing (male) traders. Further, the women’s cooperative constituted a space for asset-building while negotiating the changing social role of women generally and housewives in particular. The analysis shows that Svenska Hem’s organization and narrative was marked by class bias, while striving to become a cooperative relevant to “women of all classes”, invoking the housewife-as-consumer as a collective with a shared interest.
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Worley, Heather. "Treatment by the law and society of parents of minors who have died in circumstances where they were denied medical intervention a dissertation [thesis] submitted to the Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the degree of Master of Health Science, November 2003". Full thesis. Abstract, 2003. http://puka2.aut.ac.nz/ait/theses/WorleyH.pdf.
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Hollinger, Véronique. "Le système dual entre la tradition éducative allemande et les défis de la société postindustrielle". Paris 12, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA120005.
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Le systeme dual de la formation professionnelle est une reponse originale de l'allemagne au probleme de l'integration de la jeunesse dans le monde du travail ii combine l'apprentissage en entreprise et l'enseignement a l'ecole professionnelle a temps partiel. Nous nous interrogeons sur l'originalite de ce systeme de formation dans une perspective diachronique et synchronique. Il s'agit de mettre en evidence son origine, ses structures, ses succes et ses echecs. Enfin, nous situons la formation professionnelle par rapport a son environnement politique, social et economique l'etude comprend trois parties: une retrospective historique un examen des structures institutionnelles et un compte-rendu des debats politiques et pedagogiques allemands de i960 a 1997 la specificite du systeme dual trouve son origine dans les particularites de l'histoire allemande: le retard economique du pays, l'absence d'un pouvoir central fort avant la fondation de l'empire des hohenzollern, le morcellement du territoire et la survie d'une ideologie corporatiste dans les milieux conservateurs economiques et politiques. Le modele artisanal de l'apprentissage reste la regle dans la plupart des metiers, il s'adapte meme au developpement des secteurs industriel et tertiaire. Il s'appuie sur le courant protectionniste de l'empire des hohenzollern et resiste a la politique de libre-echange pratiquee jusqu'a la fin des annees 70 du xixeme siecle. Au tournant du siecle, l'ecole professionnelle a temps partiel devient obligatoire et le systeme dual actuel se met en place. Institutionnalise par la loi sur la formation professionnelle de 1969, le systeme fait ses preuves en republique federale. En raison de sa souplesse, le systeme dual a resiste aux attaques des mouvements de gauche du debut des annees 70. Actuellement, il s'appuie sur un large consensus de tous les groupes sociaux et politiques mais il doit affronter les attaques du neoliberalisme et de la mondialisation des echanges, qui, en menacant ses structures corporatistes risquent de mettre fin a 1 experience originale allemande en matiere de formation professionnelleThe german dual system of vocational training appears as an original solution promo, ting the integration of the young into the working market. It combines an apprenticeship in a firm and part time studies at a professional school. The thesis proposes to analyse this particular part of the educational system from a diachronic and synchronic perspec, tive. The political, social and economical environment of vocational training is another central issue of this research. The three parts of the study include an historical retrospec, tive, an analysis of the institutional structures of vocational education and the analysis of political and educational debates since the end of the sixties. . The specific traits of the dual system result from the particular tradition of german history: economic development started much later than in neighboring countries, there was no strong central power before the establishment of the hohenzollem empire, the german territory is split up in small territories, corporatist ideology still survives in con, servative political and economic circles. Most professions are still determined by the mo, del of craft industry, which is gradually adapted to other sectors of industry and services. The protectionist current of german politics promoted craft ideology and outlived the free trade trend of the 19th century. A the turn of the century part time vocational trai, ning leading to the current dual system in professionel schools became compulsory. Insti, tutionalized by the federal law on professional training in 1969 the system has proved its efficiency. Thanks to its adaptability the dual system has overcome the opposition of the political left during the seventies. Nowadays there is a large consensus of all german political and social groups on professional training. But at the same time, the dual system has to meet the attacks ofneoliberalism and global competition. This particular situation could put to an end the orignal experience of german vocational education
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Maignan, Marion. "La construction d'un prix juste au sein d'un système agro-alimentaire alternatif : le cas de la société coopérative d'intérêt collectif alter-Conso". Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0103.
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Le modèle de production, consommation et distribution agro-industriel fait l’objet depuis les années 1970 de critiques portant sur son impact environnemental, économique et sociétal. En réponse à ces critiques, s'est développé depuis les années 60 au Japon, 80 aux États- Unis, et plus récemment en France, une diversité d’initiatives et d’expérimentations socio-économiques visant à soutenir une agriculture plus respectueuse de l’homme et de la planète, basée sur de nouvelles formes d’organisation et orientée vers des échange économiques plus justes. Ces initiatives, qualifiées de systèmes agro-alimentaires alternatifs, associent de manière variée des modes production respectueux de la planète (agriculture raisonnée et biologique, agro-écologie, permaculture. Ils s’appuient par ailleurs sur des formes organisationnelles ancrées dans des dynamiques d’économie sociale et solidaire : Amaps, circuits-courts, coopératives, initiatives de commerce équitable local. Ils développent ainsi des modèles de gouvernance et d'organisation qui reconsidèrent les finalités et les modalités de l’activité économique et sont animés par une volonté de s’engager dans une « autre économie ». La question de la justice dans l’échange, incarnée par la cherche d'un prix juste, est centrale pour ces initiatives.Dans ce contexte, la thèse propose d’analyser la construction d’un prix juste au sein d’un système agro-alimentaire alternatif, engagé dans une démarche de commerce équitable local et s’appuyant sur une forme organisationnelle innovante. Il s’appuie sur le suivi, pendant trois ans, de la Société Coopérative d’Intérêt Collectif Alter-Conso, engagée dans la distribution hebdomadaire de paniers issus de l’agriculture biologique, locale et paysanne dans 14 lieux de distribution de l’agglomération lyonnaise. Cette SCIC se caractérise par un projet d’entreprise orienté vers une transformation des modes de production et de consommation alimentaire, et s'appuie sur une démarche ancrée dans les principes et valeurs coopératives. Elle réunit autour d'un même projet quatre catégories d'acteurs : salariés, producteurs, consommateurs, et sympathisants. Au sein de la coopérative, l’activité marchande est le support d’un projet avant tout sociétal et politique, orienté vers une transformation des pratiques agricoles et des modalités de gestion de l’activité économique. La thèse propose d’analyser comment les acteurs de la coopérative construisent un prix juste, au regard du projet d’entreprise et de ses modalités d’organisation.La thèse permet de montrer que la construction du prix juste au sein de cette organisation reflète une exigence de justice à la fois procédurale, commutative, et distributive. Ce travail met par ailleurs en évidence un processus de fixation du prix alternatif au prix de marché, et qui incarne les spécificités d’une organisation coopérative à finalité sociale. La construction du prix juste intègre par les finalités et les valeurs de la coopérative, à la fois dans les critères de définition et dans le choix des procédures de fixation du prix. Le prix juste est ainsi construit sur la base d’une discussion et indépendamment des variations de l’offre et de la demande. Il est défini sur la base d’une relation tripartite, durable et compréhensive entre producteurs, salariés et consommateurs de la coopérative, caractérisée par une reconnaissance des besoins réciproques des acteurs concernés par l'échangeThe industrial model of food production, consumption and distribution has been criticised since the seventies in reference to its environmental, social and economical impacts. These critics led to the emergence of a diversity of socio-economic initiatives, engaged in the promotion of a model of agriculture that is more respectful of the planet and its inhabitants, based on new organizational forms and oriented towards fair economic exchange. These alternative food systems refer to a diversity of production methods, including responsible and organic farming, agroecology, permaculture. Alternative food systems generally rely on organisations engaged in a social or solidarity economy : Community supported agriculture, short food supply channels, cooperatives, local fair trade. They reconsider the purpose and terms of economic activity and are driven by a desire to engage in an alternative economy. The question of fairness in exchange, embodied by the will to define a fair price, is of central matter for these initiatives.In this context, this thesis aims at analysing the construction of a fair price within an alternative food system. This system is engaged in a dynamic of local fair trade, and is based on an innovative organizational form. An empirical study has been conducted during three years within the cooperative Alter-Conso. This social cooperative proposes a weekly distribution of local and organic food products, in 14 delivery points in and around the city of Lyon. It puts forward the values and principle of a social and solidarity economy, and brings together into cooperation four categories of members : employees, producers, consumers, supporters. In this sense, economic activity aims primarily at achieving a social and political goal, oriented towards a transformation of agricultural practices and questioning the dominant management practices of economic life. The thesis aims at analysing how the members of the cooperative construct a fair price, considering its social project and its organizational form.The thesis shows that the construction of a fair price articulates three forms of justice : distributive , commutative, and procedural. It shows how the cooperative defines a price definition process that is an alternative to the market price. Indeed, the price construction takes into account the values and social goals of the cooperative, both in the criteria that define a fair price and in the price fixation process. The price construction is based on a discussion among the cooperative’s stakeholders, regardless of the variations of supply and demand. It is constructed on the basis of a lasting, comprehensive and tripartite relationship between the producers, the consumers, and the cooperative employees. The relationship is based on reciprocity and on the recognition of the needs of all the people affected by the exchange
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Grelle, Gérard. "Ernst Karl Winter : éléments d'une pensée alternative de l'Autriche de l'entre-deux-guerres". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00957194.
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Ernst Karl Winter (1895-1957) assiste en 1918 à l'effondrement de la monarchie austro-hongroise. Sociologue de formation, il refuse l'amalgame entre Allemands et Autrichiens prôné par les pangermanistes et développe, notamment à partir de 1927 le concept d'une " nation autrichienne " fondée sur un développement historique spécifique au sein de l'aire germanophone, puis en vient à situer la nouvelle Autriche dans le contexte de l'Europe centrale. Monarchiste convaincu et adversaire de l'ordre républicain, il mène cependant une réflexion sur la meilleure forme institutionnelle de l'Etat. Dès le début des années 30, il dénonce avec virulence l'idéologie nationale-socialiste ; son combat contre le Troisième Reich et contre l'instauration du fascisme en Autriche en 1933/34, le conduit à adopter une position critique vis-à-vis du régime de Dollfuss, puis de Schuschnigg, à s'éloigner de l'idéologie du parti conservateur chrétien-social et à " tendre la main " à la gauche sociale-démocrate désormais illégale. Il s'engage dès lors en faveur d'un dialogue droite-gauche au nom de l'idée nationale autrichienne. Cet engagement le conduira, à compter de mars 1938, à l'exil politique en France, puis aux Etats-Unis.
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Razera, Karen Danielle Magri Ferreira. "Diferenças entre escolas paulistas alternativas e tradicionais". Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47131/tde-19072018-115434/.
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Esta pesquisa tem como objetivos investigar as diferenças entre escolas alternativas e tradicionais em São Paulo e discutir as consequências da adoção de diferentes métodos como uma forma de alternativa em uma sociedade cuja democracia não é plenamente verdadeira. Parte-se das hipóteses de que escolas alternativas propõem métodos pedagógicos que supõem formar sujeitos democráticos e que facilitem o aprendizado, em uma tentativa de se contrapor às escolas tradicionais. No entanto, entende-se que, na sociedade industrial, considerando-se a ideologia vigente, as escolas alternativas e tradicionais, como produtos e produtoras da sociedade, tendem a ser similares; e que ao se apresentarem como alternativa democrática, algumas escolas encobrem as contradições de uma sociedade que é desigual em sua base. Obras de alguns autores da teoria crítica da sociedade contribuíram para compreender a influência da sociedade industrial, a importância das figuras de autoridade, e os conceitos de ideologia, indústria cultural, formação e pseudoformação. Cinco critérios foram delimitados, conforme literatura da área, para definir escola alternativa: conteúdo priorizado; método pedagógico; diversas formas de avaliação; a interação entre os sujeitos escolares e grau de participação dos estudantes. Quatro escolas foram selecionadas para investigação: duas públicas (uma alternativa e uma tradicional) e duas privadas (uma alternativa e uma tradicional). Para selecionar as escolas, foi elaborada uma escala com 20 alternativas a partir dos critérios mencionados; também foi utilizada como roteiro para as observações em sala de aula, realizadas de quatro a oito aulas em cada escola. Realizou-se também uma entrevista com a coordenadora pedagógica de cada escola, seguindo um questionário semiestruturado. Destacam-se propostas de escolas alternativas se centrarem nos alunos e as tradicionais nos professores, o que influencia nas características mencionadas anteriormente, além da relação com professor como figura de autoridade. As escolas consideradas alternativas, por vezes, aderem às pressões sociais, tais como a preparação para vestibular, as formas de avaliação, visando o mercado de trabalho, bem como as escolas ditas tradicionais aderem a propostas das alternativas, tais como práticas em grupo, alunos como ativos na educação, entre outros. Considera-se que não há escola puramente tradicional, bem como não há escola puramente alternativa, corroborando a hipótese de que nesta sociedade a tendência é de homogeneização. Uma diferença significativa foi entre as escolas públicas e privadas, pois enquanto as primeiras estavam preocupadas com a violência em que seus alunos estão envolvidos, as escolas particulares refletem sobre questões centrais para a formação dos professores e alunos, permitindo concluir que a maior distinção entre as escolas não é seu método pedagógico, mas de classe social. Haver uma suposta alternativa reforça também o pensamento de que depende unicamente de o indivíduo ou a instituição fazer uma escolha para que a sociedade se modifique, o que também expõe a ideologia de mercado: há um produto a ser escolhido e um mercado a ser atendido. As escolas, sejam elas tradicionais ou alternativas, podem ser espaços que perpetuam as contradições sem críticas, mas podem ser um espaço de resistência em que é possível criticar a sociedade e repensá-laThis research aims to investigate the differences between alternative and traditional schools in Sao Paulo and to discuss the consequences of adopting different methods as an \"alternative\" in a society whose democracy is not fully true. Considering hypotheses that alternative schools propose pedagogical methods that are supposed to form democratic subjects and facilitate the learning, in attempt to oppose to the traditional schools. However, it is understood that, in the industrial society, considering the current ideology, alternative and traditional schools, as products and producers of society, tend to be similar; and that, by presenting themselves as a democratic \"alternative,\" some schools hide the contradictions of a society that is unequal at its base. The works of some authors of the critical theory of the society have contributed to the understanding of industrial societys influence, the importance of authority figures, and the concepts of ideology, cultural industry, formation and pseudo-formation. Five criteria were set forth to define \'alternative school\', according to the literature: prioritized content; pedagogical method; several forms of evaluation; the interaction between school subjects and the student participations rate. Four schools were selected for the research: two public schools (one alternative and one traditional) and two private schools (one alternative and one traditional). In order to select the schools, a scale was elaborated with 20 alternatives based on the mentioned criteria; and it was also used as a guide for classroom observations, which from four to eight classes were observed in each school. There was also an interview with the pedagogical coordinator of each school, following a semi-structured questionnaire. The proposals of alternative schools that focus on the students and the traditional ones on the teachers were highlighted, which influences in the characteristics formerly mentioned, in addition to the relation with teacher as a figure authority figure. The considered alternative schools sometimes adhere to social pressures, such as: preparation for college entrance examination, the forms of evaluation, targeting the labor market; as well as the mentioned traditional schools adhere to alternatives proposals such as: group practices, students as assets in education, among others. It is considered that there is no purely traditional school, nor is there a purely alternative school, corroborating to the hypothesis that, in this society, there is a tendency for homogenization. There was a significant difference between public and private schools, because, in the public school, the workers were concerned about the violence in which their students are involved, and, in the private schools, the workers were questioning central issues to form teachers and students, leading to the conclusion that the greatest distinction between schools is not their pedagogical method, but their social status. Considering a supposed alternative also reinforces the idea that it is solely up to the individual or the institution to make a choice for the societys transition, which also exposes the market ideology: there is a product to be chosen and a market to be served. Schools, whether traditional or alternative, can be spaces in which contradictions without criticism perpetuate, but they can also be a space of resistance in which it is possible to criticize society and rethink it
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Brogan, Una. "Bicycles in literature : the alternative modernities of human-powered locomotion in Britain and France, 1880 – 1920". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC262/document.
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De nombreuses études témoignent des liens qui existent entre les moyens de transport et la littérature, du point de vue du marcheur, du voyageur en train ou de l'automobiliste. À son tour, cette thèse s'interroge sur le vélo, longtemps négligé, en tant qu'objet qui façonne notre interaction avec des textes et propose une interface unique pour appréhender le monde. Cet ouvrage se propose d'étudier le cyclisme utilitaire et récréatif au tournant du XXe siècle dans une sélection de textes en anglais et en français, dont des romans, des récits de voyage et des guides. Il s'agit de démontrer que le vélo est devenu un dispositif privilégié, qui permet de faire bien plus que simplement déplacer des personnages d'un endroit à un autre. Les voyages à vélo deviennent un moyen de structurer les récits, de les ponctuer ou de dépeindre une nouvelle expérience sensorielle et esthétique. Le vélo est une des nombreuses technologies qui ont transformé la vie quotidienne à la fin de l'ère victorienne. La littérature démontre que cette technologie a contribué dans une certaine mesure à l'émergence d'une modernité accélérée, subjective et marchande que John Urry conçoit comme un fondement du XXe siècle. Or cette thèse révèle que depuis ses débuts, le vélo allait à contre-courant de la culture dominante, proposant une modernité alternative qui remettait en question la société bourgeoise, patriarcale et capitaliste. En brouillant les différences entre les classes et les sexes, en proposant une interaction plus responsable et stimulante avec la machine, en permettant une expérience corporelle et sociale de l'espace, le vélo a proposé une route à propulsion humaine vers le progrèsThe compelling links between modes of transport and literature have been widely examined from the perspective of the walker, the train traveller and the car driver. This thesis engages with the long overlooked bicycle as an object that actively shapes our interaction with text and provides a unique interface for viewing the world. I assess literary treatments of utilitarian and recreational cycling in a range of English and French fiction, as well as some travel writing and non-fiction, from the turn of the twentieth century. I show how the bicycle became a favoured literary device, allowing writers to do much more than simply make a story appear up-to-date or move a character from place to place; authors used cycle journeys as a means to structure or punctuate their narratives or depict a novel sensory and aesthetic experience. The late-Victorian era saw the emergence of the modern bicycle along with a host of other transport and communication technologies that transformed everyday life. Literature from the early period of the bicycle's adoption shows how this technology contributed in some measure to the emergence of an accelerated, subjective, commodified modernity that the critic John Urry argues defined the twentieth century. Yet this thesis reveals that from the earliest days of its use, the bicycle played a crucial counter-cultural role, proposing an alternative modernity that directly challenged bourgeois, patriarchal, capitalist society. From blurring gender and class divisions, to offering a more empowering interaction with the machine, to allowing an embodied and social experience of space, the bicycle suggested a human-powered route to progress.Mots clefs en français: Littérature anglophone, littératures comparées cultural studies, vélo, technologie, transports, modernité.Mots clefs en anglais: English literature, comparative literature, cultural studies, bicycles, technology, transport, modernity
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Kennedy, Rachael Eve. "Establishing Nourishing Food Networks in an Era of Global-local Tensions: An Interdisciplinary Ethnography in Turkey". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/85589.
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This dissertation ethnographically explores the social concerns related to the global, agro-industrial system's impact on many communities' potential for livelihood and health. At the core of this study is the desire to understand the complex and dynamic ways that communities strive to develop, and make sense of, networks that address these wicked problems and to understand how these strategies might aggregate to promote community resiliency.
An investigation of alternative food networks (AFNs) was contextualized in one province in Western Turkey. The AFNs were articulated by an ethnographic design that utilized tools from different fields of study. Integrating actor-network theory, new social movements theory, and the nourishing networks framework allowed for robust triangulation of data.
I conclude that AFNs in this province are nascent and remain fragmented. At present, AFNs have not been leveraged for community resiliency efforts. However, they hold the seeds of what may become a food sovereignty social movement.
This ethnography reveals that the province has assets, including numerous affinity groups, and a durable connection to heritage with strong reverberations of a nature-culture. I illuminate the broad spectrum of submerged and visible actants and actors that prime the AFNs' development. The wide variance creates diffuse and contradictory cultural implications.
Actors report they constantly negotiate cultural aspects related to AFNs. They conceptualize this work as a polymorphous phenomenon of fragmented communities and a culture of dependency; but they show fortitude by negotiating multi-phasic actions and multi-vocal resistance messaging.
By way of this study I illustrate that their cultural politics take place where economy and identity interface. Actors seek legitimization. They speak of infusing heritage-based ideals into projects. They are firm that agricultural modernization must come from Turkish values. And, they are formulating and strengthening ideological-based discourses.
I further clarify their development strategies by showing how AFNs are experimenting with new governance strategies and focusing on social embedding. Promotion of niche markets has begun. However, public and private resources are limited, which hinders the momentum of AFNs. Additional research is needed to better understand the processes for high functioning AFNs in Turkey.Ph. D.
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Marshall, Lisa Marie. "“I’ll be There for You” if You are Just Like Me: An Analysis of Hegemonic Social Structures in “Friends”". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1182538485.
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Mohamed, Bashir. "Commercial cross-border mediation : Is there a better way of promoting it?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-408671.
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Langeo, Gaëlle. "Jeunesse, culture, société en Grande-Bretagne 1978-2009 : l'exemple du "Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy"". Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BOR30039.
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Cette recherche porte sur The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy, une série de science-fiction humoristique britannique créée pour la BBC Radio 4 en 1978. Sur la période étudiée (1978 – 2009), la série a été déclinée sur tous les supports que peut offrir la culture de masse. Dans les premières années, la série trouve un écho important auprès des adolescents, des étudiants et des jeunes adultes. L’auteur de la série - Douglas Adams - a gardé la main sur toutes les incarnations de Hitchhiker’s. Au cours de sa vie, l’auteur de cette science-fiction qui veut faire rire a progressivement été qualifié de « gourou de la technologie » par la presse. Les grandes passions de Douglas Adams étaient effectivement au nombre de quatre : les ordinateurs, l’évolution des espèces, les Beatles et les Monty Pythons. Cette recherche s’attache donc à comprendre comme ces quatre éléments se sont articulés dans la vie de Douglas Adams, l’influence qu’ils ont eu sur Hitchhiker’s et ce que le succès de la série dit des évolutions de la société britannique. The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy arrive à un moment où les attentes changent en matière de comédie, comme le montre l’essor de l’Alternative Comedy. La percée de Hitchhiker’s se déroule aussi dans un contexte où la technologie prend de l’importance dans la vie quotidienne et où la culture geek prend forme, à la croisée des mondes imaginaires et de l’informatique. Le retentissement de la série peut aussi se voir comme un témoignage de l’existence de ce que le sociologue Mike Savage a appelé la classe moyenne technique. Par ailleurs, en voulant créer un album de rock pour la radio, Douglas Adams a produit une fiction en adéquation avec l’univers sonore de la jeunesse des années 1970. La technologie du studio stimule la créativité, tout comme l’ordinateur personnel le fera dans les années 1980This research focuses on The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy, a British science-fiction comedy series created for BBC Radio 4 in 1978. Over the study period (1978-2009), the series was provided to the public in all possible formats that mass culture can offer. In its first years the series attracted a strong audience among teenagers, students and young adults. Douglas Adams, the series’ author, maintained control over all the incarnations of The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy. Over the course of his life, the author of this science fiction series, made to make people laugh, gradually became known as a ‘‘technology guru” by the press. Indeed, Douglas Adams had four great passions : computers, evolution of species, the Beatles and the Pythons. Therefore, this research endeavours to understand how these four topics were expressed in Douglas Adams’ life, the influence they had on Hitchhiker’s and how this series’ success shows the evolution of British society. The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy occurs at a time when expectations towards comedy were changing, as shown by the rise of Alternative Comedy. Hitchhiker’s breakthrough also takes place at a time when technology was gaining importance in daily life and geek culture was developing, at the crossroads of imaginary worlds and computer science. The series’ impact can also be considered as evidence of what the sociologist Mike Savage called the technical middle class. In addition, by creating a rock album for the radio, Douglas Adams created a fantasy consistent with the musical universe of the 1970s youth. The technology used in the radio studio stimulates creativity, just like the personal computer will do in the 1980s
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Queffelec, Guillaume. "Stratégies de gestion alternative, liquidité des marchés et excès de volatilité". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00997750.
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Ce travail de thèse s'intéresse à la contribution des investisseurs sophistiqués de type hedge funds à la dynamique des marchés financiers. Considérant qu'ils sont les acteurs fondamentaux de la révélation des prix et de la liquidité des marchés, tant du point de vue du modèle standard que des critiques comportementalistes, on propose une évaluation des interdépendances dynamiques entre stratégies de gestion alternative et marchés financiers. Les trois premiers chapitres proposent, aumoyen d'approches économétriques originales, la mise en perspective des stratégies de hedge funds avec la dynamique des marchés à travers l'étude des rendements, de la volatilité et des co-volatilités. S'appuyant sur un large panel de résultats, l'étude révèle les nombreuses causalités croisées entre fonds et marchés, offrant à la finance comportementale des éléments de preuves empiriques des interactions qu'elle envisage au regard des excès de volatilité ou de la contagion financière. Riche de ces enseignements, le dernier chapitre propose enfin un retour aux modèles théoriques d'équilibres de marché pour proposer un portrait contrasté de la spéculation rationnelle dans sa relation à l'efficience des marchés.
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Parigot, Julia. "De la production d'une organisation alternative via l'espace : le cas des lieux intermédiaires dans le secteur du théâtre". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED029/document.
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Cette thèse s’intéresse au rôle de l’espace en tant qu’outil et enjeu de pouvoir dans le processus de développement des organisations alternatives. Plus spécifiquement, elle examine dans quelle mesure la production d’un espace peut contribuer à la création et à la pérennisation d’une organisation alternative. Pour répondre à cette question, nous menons une étude de cas unique auprès des lieux intermédiaires franciliens dans le secteur du théâtre français. Celui-ci est dominé par deux modèles organisationnels : le théâtre privé marchand et le théâtre public non marchand. Les lieux intermédiaires cherchent à imposer un troisième modèle qui ne relèverait ni du privé ni du public mais de ce qu’ils appellent le tiers secteur. En conjuguant entretiens semi-directifs, observation et données secondaires, nous montrons que ces organisations produisent différents types d’espaces – à la fois individuels et collectifs – à différentes échelles. Cette combinaison permet aux lieux intermédiaires d’être mobiles et de résister aux réactions hostiles de l’espace dominant et ainsi de se pérenniserThis thesis analyses how the production of space helps to create and sustain alternative organizations. In this study, space is seen as a source of power. In order to answer this question we conduct a single case study: the intermediary places in the French theatre sector. Two organizational models prevail in this sector: the lucrative private sector and the public non-profit one. Intermediary places tend to establish a third model neither private nor public: third sector organizations. We combine semi-structured interviews, observations and secondary data. We show alternative organizations produce different type of individual and collective spaces on multiple scales. Thanks to this combination, intermediary places become mobile and more resistant to dominant space reactions. They are most likely to sustain themselves
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Ros, Elodie. "Le Réseau de l’Économie Alternative et Solidaire (REAS) : pratique militante, forme d’engagement et projet politique dans le mouvement de l’économie solidaire en France (1990-2000)". Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080037/document.
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Ce travail est le produit d'une recherche empirique sur le réseau pour une économiealternative (REAS) et ses militants. Il interroge les origines de son projet à partir des parcoursantérieurs de ses militants. De 1990 à 1998, Le REAS a tenté de fédérer les initiativesd'économie solidaire afin de faire émerger son projet politique dans le débat public.Il s'est agit de savoir si ce projet et son militantisme étaient le fruit d'une simple reconversiond'un habitus militant d'origine chrétienne ou bien celui d'une interaction entre différentestraditions militantes.L'enquête a permis la reconstitution des parcours antérieurs des militants du REAS à partir del'analyse d'archives et de la revue éditée par le réseau mais surtout d'une soixantained'entretiens avec les acteurs du REAS. Elle a montré que chacune des trois classes d'âge demilitants (les moins de 35 ans, les 35-45 ans et les plus de 45 ans) a incarné une dynamique deparcours militantes distinctes. Les plus âgés apportent la dimension chrétienne de gauche, legroupe intermédiaire apporte la politisation de cette première dimension et le groupe desjeunes apporte la préoccupation quotidienne et l’ancrage local. Le projet politique du REAS etson militantisme peuvent alors se définir comme une affinité élective entre trois élémentsdistincts au départ. Si l’on peut y retrouver les grandes de lignes de l’influence chacune destrois dynamiques militantes, le projet du REAS ne se définit ainsi que dans leur combinaison.Cependant, l'affinité élective ne se produit en théorie entre deux éléments. La démonstrationd’une affinité élective à trois éléments semble inédite et mériterait d’être spécifiquementinterrogéeThis work is the result of empirical research conducted on a French network for an alternativeeconomy named REAS and its defenders. The aim is to study the origins of its program usingthe history and backgrounds of its campaigners as a starting point. From 1990 to 1998, theREAS has tried to bring together various initiatives of solidarity-based economic systems inorder to push its political program to the forefront of the public debate.We have wondered whether this program and the militancy which characterizes it were butthe translation of a propensity for activism truly Christian in origin or whether it ratherstemmed from the coming together of various traditions of militancy.A reconstruction of the individual backgrounds of activists from the REAS was possiblethanks to field research, based on a close study of the archives and the periodical which thenetwork published but most importantly on about sixty interviews held with members of theREAS. The research has proven that each age group (under 35, aged 35 to 45 and over 45years old) was characterized by its own specific dynamics and form of militancy.The older members bring with them a leftwing Christian dimension which the intermediateage group politicizes while the younger members contribute to daily awareness and localintegration. The political program of REAS and its members’ militancy can therefore bedefined as an elective affinity bringing together three originally distinct groups. Therefore, ifthe influence and dynamics of each group may be felt, the program for REAS can only bedefined through their combination. Nevertheless, elective affinity theoretically only happensbetween two elements. The possibility of elective affinity happening between three elementsseems unprecedented and would deserve closer inspection
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Jonah, Albert. "Ecological Sanitation (Ecosan) and the Kimberley Experience". Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Water and Environmental Studies, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-9706.
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The Hull Street Integrated Housing Project, in Kimberley, is one of the projects supported by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, Sida, in South Africa. The vision of the
project is to provide low cost housing for the people of Kimberley. As a way of ensuring sustainability, the project adopts the Ecological sanitation (Ecosan) approach where urine and
faeces are separated from the source.
The concept of Ecosan is new to many people around the world. To make the concept workable and acceptable effective implementation strategies are required.
At the Hull Street, after the first of the four phases 144 unit houses have been completed all fitted
with the UDS. Urine from the UDS as well as the greywater from the kitchen and bathroom are connected to infiltrate into the ground. This arrangement is called the “quick-fix”. The faeces from
the houses are sent to the compost yard for composting so that the residents could use the compost in their gardens.
This study which involves interview with some selected workers and residents in Hull Street
focuses on the modus operandi of the Ecosan unit of the Hull Street project with special emphasis on the methods of human excreta disposal and education strategies.